History of Border Patrol (Part Three)

The organization known today as border patrol began in 1924. In this episode, Carmen tells Cristina about the history of border patrol. Specifically the attempted reform of the border patrol, which unfortunately didn’t reform much and still allowed violent and racist men to stay in the border patrol. The border patrol training school was establish, which brought a uniformity to the project of the border patrol.

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Sources

https://aapihistorymuseum.org/what-did-these-anti-chinese-laws-and-rules-say/ 
Migra! A History of US Border Patrol by Kelly Lytte Hernandez
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeff_Milton 
https://read.dukeupress.edu/hahr/article/50/3/602/152626/The-Spanish-Americans-of-New-Mexico-A-Heritage-of 
https://sourcenm.com/2024/09/24/what-does-hispanic-identity-mean-in-new-mexico/

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Episode Transcript

Speaker 1 (00:08):
Hey everyone. This is Carmen and Christina and this is
Estoria's Unknown, a podcast where we talk about Latin American history.
Sometimes it's horrible and deals with heavy topics like racism, corruption,
and genocide. But more than that, it's also by resistance,
power and community. All right, I guess I'll get into it.
We are continuing our History of Border Patrol series if

(00:31):
you will, Part three. BB. I had to take a
break because I'm really bad at doing my notes. She's
the worst. I really am. Like, I'm the worst procrastinator.
And if there's if it's not, if it's not high stakes,
I don't get it done. It doesn't high stakes never
for me. So I'm like, I need a break. I
need you to I need you to like charge me

(00:52):
like twenty dollars or something, and then I'll probably like
finish them more often. Oh say no more. Yeah, we'll
see if that works for next time. Bit towards my
twenty bucks. Just requests twenty dollars, not even explain like
reminder or anything. Just so yeah, that's how we missed

(01:15):
last episode because I was behind on my notes. Here
we are for again part three of the History of
Port Patrol. So Is there anything you want to mention
before I get into it? Are you going to do
a little summary of what we covered in the last
two just the last one, oh, the last one, okay,
No other than that, I have nothing to add. I'm

(01:35):
ready to hear part three. Well. Part one was basically
just about the anti immigration laws that led to the
establishment of Board Patrol, and that was basically it, I think,
the history of the laws and the beginnings of Board Patrol.
And then last week we talked about the racism, e genesism,
traditional violence of the early por Patrol and basically how

(01:58):
they started policing Mexican almost right away. Yes, yes, And
so we left off with the attempted reform of the
Board Patrol, which didn't really reform much and still allowed
violent and racist men like who was that fellow I
mentioned last time? Charles ad Skins or Atkins or something
like that. Atkins is like that diet though so it's

(02:20):
not it's probably Askins No, Okay, I don't remember, but
uh yeah, that fellow, the one that would show off
how much people he would kill and shoot. Do you
remember now, yes? The yes, yes, yes, he's like I
have I killed thirty four men not counting, and he
said this Blacks and Mexicans. Yes, I remember this, I

(02:42):
remember him now. Yeah, So that's where we left off
last time. And this brings us to the establishment of
the Border Patrol Training School, which attempted to or brought
a uniformity to ward patrol. Okay. And so the training
school was established in nineteen thirty seven, and it was

(03:03):
actually an expansion of the first training program which was
created in nineteen thirty five by Herbert C. Horseley the
last name Horseley, and he was the chief patrol inspector
of the Enfatwood District, and so it was established by
him and his supervisor, Grover C. Wilmith. They established this

(03:23):
initial training program because they were dealing with officers who
were fused toward their uniforms, drank on the job, couldn't
stop gossipine, slept on the job, sexually exploited women. The
way they quoted it would seemed like they were flirting
with women. But I know what they were doing, you know, Yeah, yeah,
everyone knows. And they also overreached their authority by conducting

(03:43):
random traffic checks. So probably just straight u virtial profiling,
you know what I mean? Yes, And so no matter
how many memos Herbert and Grover circulated, their officers wouldn't listen.
And here are some examples of the memos that they
circulated and recirculated. Employees messwhile on duty not indulged in
the use of intoxicating liquors in novalist Sonora, Mexico or elsewhere,

(04:06):
and quote impropriety of any officer or employee of the
Immigration Service accepting gratuities of any sort from any alien,
so like they shouldn't do that, and quote, despite frequent warnings,
certain officers and employees have continued to indulge in useless
and harmful talk to outsiders concerning official matters. So that's

(04:26):
where they couldn't stop gossiping, and so they kept like
issuing these memos because they wouldn't listen. And Grover's oops,
I know that is his first name whatever, because you
know my first name basis with everybody. Yeah, Grover, Yeah,
that's almost like a last name. So I can't remember
if I said his first name first and then was
changed into his last name. But no, okay, so Grovers.

(04:48):
Grover's first attempt at some kind of uniformity was a
welcome letter given to all new recruits, in which he
gave a detailed list of dos and don'ts and instructed
the new recruits to find experienced agents to their mentors.
But again, most of these experienced agents and old timers
were violent and racist men. So this didn't actually impose

(05:10):
regularity or uniformity, but instead just establish this tradition of
violence that we have been talking about. Well that was
the purpose. Well I don't think that's what they meant
to do from their memos and everything. No, no, you're right,
you're right. But either way it happened, yes, yes, and

(05:34):
then so yeah, in an attempt to impose regularity and uniformity,
Grover established the Elpaso District Training School, and here the
new recruits learned Spanish. They learned about immigration law, conduct,
rights of search, seizure, evidence, corporate seizure, firearms, fingerprinting, identification,
line patrolling, and horsemanship and writing. And again, like I said,

(05:59):
this was all fine and everything. Yeah, I mean it
sounds good, a place for standards, for their for standards
to exist, But the instructures were people like Charles Askins
of course, and other old timers. And then I already
mentioned this, but I had wrote it here just a
reminder that Charles was a violent racist, remembered as a

(06:19):
stone cold killer in his obituary, and he liked to
show off how many people he killed, and he loved
to talk about how he would be confessions out of migrants.
So he was out here training the new recruits. Okay. Yeah,
So this training school had the opposite effect of uniformity
and just further cemented the racism violent practices of the

(06:42):
Board Patrol. And in nineteen thirty seven, the Vaso District
Training School was renamed by the Immigration Service to the
Border Patrol Training School and started to require all new
recruits to be trained, there forever changing the practice of
immigration enforcement. So first they used to all just get
trained at their own districts, okay, and now they all

(07:04):
go to this place in Paso. Before this change, immigration
enforcement was not mainly focused on the US Mexico border.
At that point, there were more officers stationed in the
US Canada border compared to the US Mexico border. Yeah,
what a time. What a time. But requiring all of
the recruits to attend the training school and having them

(07:25):
do their first patrol in the US Mexico border and
to be trained by the old timers allowed the US
Mexico border to become the focus of immigration enforcement. Yeah,
and then they were learning Spanish, right, right, you know
what that's true because there was obviously there's other groups
of well unauthorized migrants and speak other languages, and yet

(07:46):
the focus was Spanish, right, because the focus was to
police Mexicans because racism. Yeah. And among the first men
to be trained at the Border Patrol Training school was
Harlan B. Carter. Harlan B. Carter That that motherfucker. Do

(08:06):
you want to give a brief summary about him? Yeah,
So for those who don't listen to his spooky tales.
That is our paryormal slash to crime podcast, And we
covered a case involving mister Harlan B. Carter because this
is a NEPO Border patrol agent. His daddy was a
Border patrol agent baby, and then he went on to

(08:29):
be a border patrol agent. But before that, he at
age eighteen was it seventeen? I think seventeen. I want
to say, at age seventeen killed Mexican teenager Dramon Gaciano
for no reason other than he believed Ramon and his
two friends were guilty of stealing the family car with

(08:51):
zero evidence. He just went and you know, tried to
get them to come to his house to interrogate them.
And when he didn't like this, these friends didn't listen.
He went to go grab his shotgun and then killed
Ramond Caciano and he spent I think that was longer
less than a year in jail. And yeah, he killed

(09:12):
a Mexican teenager, then went on to join por Patrol
as many of the forefathers of por Patrol were accustomed
to doing so, right, right exactly. Also, wasn't he one
of the minds behind Operation Wetback? I believe so. I

(09:34):
think we talked about that back then, thinks I mean
in that episode, and I think the book will get
into it later because there is like a whole chapter
on Operational Wetback. So where was I Just to add
a little bit more about Harlan. He was from La Lelo.
And when Harlan was growing up, Laddo's population the majority

(09:55):
was Mexican. Right, And this was like literally and that
is because that is because the United States crossed the border. Right,
They took this land and then put a line across
it and said, right, this is now the United States. Yeah,
and his family moved to this already this Mexican town

(10:16):
essentially who was only and they were angry about the
Mexican right, right, only a name. Was it part of
the United States at heart? It was still part of Mexico. Yeah,
I mean it hadn't been part of the US for
that long, right. So in nineteen twenty seven, Clifford Perkins,
who I've been talking about the route, but he was

(10:37):
like I think he was like named the director of
Border Patrol when it was first established, something like that,
top guy in the early border patrol. And so he
went to Lao as part of his border patrol management duties,
and he found that the local border patrol wasn't really
enforcing immigration because they were mostly Mexican and they didn't care.
And that's right, that's the right thing to do there.

(10:59):
And I don't disagree with that, and I applaud them
for that. And so, without actual math or proper research,
Clifford estimated that about ninety nine percent of the town
was the Mexican or Mexican descent, and it could have
been it just that he was just guessing off the
top of his gnome. Actually, Harlan B. Carter was the
only white family there. Carland and his family were the

(11:21):
only white family. Stupid, and so he was like things
can be like this, and he just can't be as essay, right,
And he fired about half of lat of those Border
Patrol inspectors and the chief patrol inspector and he either
like forced him to quit or fire them. Then to
suppend justly, I mean really just because he felt it

(11:43):
was to Mexican, so yeah. And then to supposedly fix
the quote Mexican domination of this town, Clifford transferred Border
Patrol agents who had a previous experience as Texas rangers
too there because he felt that they were all experienced,
well disciplined fighters who knew the country well, the most violent, right,

(12:06):
and that was the point to yea, send people to
be violent against Mexicans and quell the supposed Mexican domination
of this literal once Mexican town where the people never
stopped being Mexican called the faceboarder put up yes, Yes,
and the name is literally in Spanish, right right. Kelly,

(12:27):
the author of the book, described the cleanup transformed the
latter Little Bord Patrol into a refuge for white violence
within Mexican dominated Latte. And yeah, one of the men
who fit right into this refuge of white violence was
Harlan Carter, who, before joining, like Christina said, before joining
the latter little Border Patrol, was released from prison for

(12:48):
murdering a Mexican teenager. I'm Casiano mm hm. And now
we're going to pivot and get into the development of
border patrol in California and Arizona because we've only been
talking about Dejas. Oh, we're leaving Texas and Harlan B. Carter.
I thought we were just getting started with him. No,
actually no, But if people want to learn more about him,

(13:11):
we have that Spookitales episode. Yes, yes, we do, because
that he went on to do worse. Yeah. Yeah. So,
initially in California, a border patrol started off policing Asian,
European and Mexican migrants equally, but over time, just like
in Texas, immigration enforcement became synonymous to policing Mexicans. And oh,

(13:35):
I did some rise a little bit. In part one,
we talked a bit about the long history of anti
Chinese immigration laws in the US and California and when
this sentiment was at its strongest. Port video Das in
Mexico was encouraging Asian immigration to Mexico. Oh, I actually
didn't know this, and I'm surprised enterprise too. I thought

(13:56):
I actually put in here if you wanted to add
a little bit about the Portfiriato, Oh well, I certainly can.
The Portfyriato as it's called today, is a thirty year
period in which Portfido Yaz was the essentially dictator of Mexico.
There were little breaks between his presidencies again dictatorship, and

(14:16):
he did at advance Mexico when you look at the
term at advance in terms of making it more Americanized
or Europanized, which was his goal. So he let a
lot of American businesses just do whatever they wanted. People
didn't like that. The wealth gap grew a ton, so
the rich were super rich and the middle there was
no middle like known between then the poor were super poor,

(14:39):
and people didn't like this. There was also a bunch
of repression, especially towards indigenous Yaqui, where they were sent
to concentration camps, they were murdered and mass which we
actually did talk about in the What is her Name?
She's amazing and I love her? Oh did I see that. Ye, yes,
we talked a little bit about that. She was actually

(15:00):
sent away exiled from Mexico by Portfido the as for
setting up for the Yaqui. But yeah, a lot of
that repression, violence and inequity which an edi edit, oh
my god, I can't say that word. Inevitably, thank you,
led to the Mexican Revolution, which is where he was

(15:20):
no longer the Dittar. But then a lot of unrest
followed continued. Yeah, and so yeah, how you mentioned how
port Video Vias basically invited American businesses to be in
Mexico and kind of like wanted to be more Americanized.

(15:42):
Chinese immigrants ended up settling in the northwest, mostly of
Mexico because they worked for an American, a United States company,
And so by nineteen twenty, about ten thousand Japanese immigrants
relevant in Mexico, and by nineteen thirty fifteen thousand, nine
hundred and sixty Chinese immigan were living in Mexico. And
then yeah, like I mentioned, most of them settled in

(16:03):
the northwest of Mexico and in Baha, California. And this
made racists white people in the United States nervous because
they they thought that Asian immigrants would invade the United
States from the Mexico border. Oh my god, sta after
chilling in Mexico. Right, Also, there was a lot of
racism and stuff in Mexico too. I was literally just

(16:25):
gonna say that. Yeah. The book gets into it about
the anti Chinese and anti Asian sentiments in the United
States and Mexico, but I didn't really get into it much,
just to focus more on the history of border patrol.
But it was like this back and forth between the
United States kicking out the Asian migrants into Mexico and

(16:47):
Mexico not wanting them, Mexicans blaming Asians for lack of jobs.
Just like, yes, yeah, yeah, very common story. There was
even a massacre of Japanese or Chinese migrants in Mexico,
and I don't remember the year or the place exactly,

(17:08):
but I think I've added it to the topic list
because whenever I talk about anything, people are in my
comments like, well, what about the time Mexico did this?
And I'm like, all right, they did. And they have
the thing about knowledge states, yeah, the thing about no
but yeah, seriously, that's how they come to be nation states, right, Yeah,
And that's not surprising at all, especially reading about the

(17:30):
extreme anti Asian sentiments that were in Mexico at during
this time. Tom assuming actually happened around nineteen twenty, nineteen
thirty is my Yeah, Yeah, it was around then, and
unlike the US and there are many atrocities, they have
apologized and acknowledged that it happened, and they do teach
about it in schools as far as I have seen.

(17:54):
I could be wrong. I could be wrong. When the
border Patrol was first created after the passage with nineteen
twenty four National Origin to Act, local officials in the
California borderlands promised it wouldn't affect Mexican agricultural labor, which
is something that also happened in Texas, them saying supposedly
that it wouldn't affect Mexicans, Mexican labor, Mexican air cultural labor,

(18:19):
because anything do not disrupt the flow of capitalism, right, yeah,
And the inspector in charge of the local United States
Immigration Service even once said Mexicans will not be molested
like bothered. They use that more back then, Yes, Mexicans
will not be molested, accepting in extreme cases and accordance

(18:41):
with regulations which have been enforced through the past several years,
because the rigid rules now in effect applied chiefly to
European aliens. So he was quoted saying, oh, this doesn't
apply to Mexicans, only European immigrants. Basically, Wow, isn't that
wild to even think about? Yeah? Yeah, and again but

(19:02):
were there so they were really only talking about Mexican
migrant who work in agriculture. Everyone else was fair game.
Oh did we just say that? It is not the way, olind.
And this changed though when Frank g Ellis, whose mother
was actually listed in the nineteen ten census as Mexican

(19:22):
slash Spanish and then his dad was like Swedish or
something I remember. Anyway, this Frank Fellow became the lead
officer of the Central District and he promised that he
and his officers would immediately depour all undocumented people from
history atiction, including Mexican farm labors. And who knows, because
that wasn't like the social norm or expectations. He just

(19:46):
wanted to, I guess. But this was met with protests
from the local agricultural businessmen. Right, they didn't want to
lose their very cheap labor, right, And although this was
their goal to deboor any and documented people. They didn't
have much manpower. They only had sixty three officers in
the entire La district the border patrol, so they weren't

(20:09):
really making much of an impact either way on Mexican
farm labor population. But still the agricultural business men went
to the Department of Labor to ask them. The Departminent
of Labor, who border patrol was under back then, they
asked them to stop deporting Mexican farm workers and they
negotiated a compromise for a while, and the Department of

(20:31):
Labor they didn't issue an exemption for the agricultural Mexican
labor force, and instead they compromised with the farmers by
basically making like a registration of Mexican farm workers. Like
they're like, we're not going to stop them, like officially
from deportation, but we're going to create this registration of

(20:52):
farm workers just to kind of know who they are,
and they won't be like on paper, they were saying
they to deport them, but they were doing sorry, on paper,
they said they wouldn't. And so instead of officially saying
we're going to exempt them, they said we're going to
make this list and then Border Patrol will know who

(21:13):
basically who to not deport at least during I don't
know the season whatever, right, and this works for a bit. Well, Okay,
you know what I was explaining it all weird, but
you could think of it kind of like a work
permit situation that I don't know why I wrote it
next because I'm like, oh, this makes sense, like to
explain it, and then I forgot as I was talking.

(21:35):
But yeah, basically basically functioned like a work permit situation.
But everything changed in the nineteen thirties everywhere because of
the Grade depression. When the Grade depression hit, then we
get Mexican repatriation. Yeah, which we don't have a full
episode on the we that's what. We don't have a
full episode on that. No, we have an episode on

(21:57):
the Placita Raid, which took place during the Mexican repatriots,
and then we talked a little bit more about it
in the Mexicans in Mississippi episode because people kept saying
they were not in Mississippi due to Mexican reputation, which
is not the case. Right, And although things took a
turn for the worst in the nineteen thirties, the Border

(22:17):
Patrol's budget was never big, something we also talked about
in earlier episodes. They couldn't keep up with the cost
of immigration hearing, the tensions and deportation, especially right after
the nineteen thirties during the Great Depression, and in an
effort to cut costs, the Border Patrol introduced the process
of a voluntary return in order to decrease the amount

(22:39):
of deportation hearings. Because they were about to broke, bitches, right,
and because they were broke. By March nineteen twenty seven,
the Border Patrol stopped fronting the cost of voluntary return
for a new Mexican, Canadian or able bodied immigrant, and
new could travel by sea, so they used to pay
for it. I guess yeah. And in a lot of

(22:59):
places this is a Mexican consul. It also helped them
because they would assist in this like people returning, right,
and a lot of people thought, oh, well, we're not
like some people were living due to the threat of
de pretision, but a lot of people were leaving because
they're like, Okay, well we can't find jobs here, maybe
back in Mexico we will too. So it was some
of it was like obviously the her actual voluntary return. Yeah. Yeah.

(23:23):
And another change that happened during this time was that
border patrol agents could issue their own voluntary orders, meaning
the officers had the power to say you're being deported. Yeah,
And they could quickly, cheaply and independently expel Mexican nationals
without an administrative hearing. Oh wow. I guess before even

(23:43):
if someone was voluntary voluntarily returning, they would have hearings.
I'm not sure, but now that wasn't like a part
of the process anymore. So basically it became easier to
deport Mexicans compared to other immigrant groups. Oh, because it's
only applied to Mexicans. Yeah. I don't know if it
was because the border was so close compared to Asian
and European probably probably had yeah, uh an aspect to

(24:06):
do with that or whatever. And so it was just
another besides the racism, another way to focus or encourage
focusing and policing of Mexicans for immigration enforcement because it
was just cheaper to do that. And with the Great
Depression came a surplus of domestic labor and the rise
and anti immigrant in testaments, which we've talked about before,

(24:27):
like you we mentioned what episodes kind of a little
bit ago, like the Great Repatriation was doing the Great Depression, Yes, yes, yes,
and now things were so dire that not even the
agricultural businessmen fought for unrestricted Mexican immigration. And because there's
no jobs, right yeah, and Mexicans were being blamed for

(24:48):
this lack of job even though it was like this
worldwide thing and a lot of other things led to
the Great Depression, right right, and yeah, the port of
Mexicans became a coming cry to those angry at the
economic situation, and they were blaming Mexicans, and governments and
charities from California to Illinois and Texas began to pay

(25:08):
for train rights for Mexicans and their usborn children who
had been forcibly some forcibly removed, some voluntarily returning. And
that was a part of the Great Repatation also, yes,
And also during this time, because of the lack of
jobs and the anti immigrant sentiment, less Mexicans were entering

(25:30):
the United States in general, and many were leaving, like
we said, already voluntarily. But despite the fact that less
Mexicans were entering the US, and a lot were leaving
on their own, volition, the bor Patrol still continued to
target the Mexican population. Of course they did, right, And
something that Kelly wrote about which wasn't totally surprising was

(25:53):
how the Mexican government cooperated and collaborated with the US
Immigration Enforcement to try to stop the Mexican migration into
the United States. And this began in the nineteen twenties
after Mexico was trying to rebuild itself. Oh, this is
where I was going to ask you to summarize the
porfidiato period. Oh, but yeah, this started in the nineteen

(26:13):
twenties after Mexico was trying to rebuild itself after the perfidiato,
which you kind of described earlier. So Mexico was building
a national identity and didn't really like the amount of
Mexicans living in to the United States for higher wages.
And one Mexican official sent the following, if I could,
I would build a Chinese wall clear across our northern

(26:36):
border and keep our laborers at home. Wow. And yeah,
that was also part of Operation Wetback. It was the
same sentiment and it's always been a sentiment, I believe,
except right now and we're finally in a time period
where people are I mean, not carrying the recent mass deportations,
but people willingly returning to Mexico. Uh, I forgot what

(27:02):
I was gonna say answer that, but but yeah, operation
went back was done in collaboration with the Mexican government too,
And that was the point of the BACA program. Was
the same type of sentiment that led to it. That
the purpose was, Okay, send the workers, but they're going
to come back right to work in Mexico. And then
when they weren't returning, then you know, that's the sort

(27:25):
of like, well, we'll help you deport these people because
we need workers or workers back too. So yeah, I'm
not surprised to hear that. In short, I just started
reading about the Minnesota program in the next chapter. Oh
and the Mexican public echoed the sentiments of their government,
believing that those were betraying the nation. I was going

(27:47):
to say, oh, yeah, it was. It's this sense of betrayal.
I think this is that quote must come from. I
feel like, oh, Bete, like, oh, it's your fault. You
wanted to go north for better wages, so look at
you now, working like a dog. That's kind of what
that quote means yeah or detail. I don't know how
you say. Still, the Mexican government controlled or tried to

(28:09):
control Mexican immigration in different ways. One was through the
Mexican Department of Migration and another through propaganda and policy
or as Kelly described, social engineering projects. And I remember
reading but then I couldn't find it reading about a
contest where this one anthropologist who was kind of he

(28:31):
worked in the government making policies and stuff. He started
a contest about who could come up with the slogan
to try to keep people from staying something like that fascinating,
but I couldn't remember it to fully put it in
my notes, but it was something like them. But despite
all that, the Mexican government ultimately determined that remitiences that immigrants,

(28:53):
the immigrants would sent back, would be more helpful than not,
both politically and financially. And I think with that saying
anthropologists who basically he did a study saying that the
people that were rebelling were rebelling because of they're impover
states and not having enough money and feeling like things
were economically like unfair and the country and he's like, well,

(29:16):
if these are the people that are leaving then it's
going to quo rebelling ins in the future, so just
let them go. Oh not surprising either, right, right, And
so that could be true, I would imagine maybe because
someone who is that adventurous and willing to fight against
the government maybe would also be adventurous and willing to leave,

(29:38):
you know, for better opportunities. I'm not sure. But also
people people were i mean rebelling for a reason, right, right,
But this was just what the garage, yeah, came up with.
But yeah, they had obviously valid reasons. Yeah, but they
were for the same areas. The same areas that were rebelling.
Are also people leaving, right, And that was part of
what he used in his study because they yeah, yes,

(29:59):
I just I didn't get into that here, but that's
what she talks about in the notes. It's like the
people from Juanaquato and I don't know where else, but
the same people like during the Casado rebellion. That's kind
of like the rebellion he used for his study or whatever. Okay,
but people could have been leaving because in the violence,
Oh yeah, a lot of people fled. I mean. Mexican

(30:20):
immigration to the US was huge, especially during the revolution
for that reason, and then you know, then there was
just a war after war basically, so and it honestly
didn't call rebellion because the people have always fought, yeah,
like against the government in Mexico especially, you know. Yes,
so he was wrong, but still that's what his theory was.

(30:43):
That's what he said. That's what he said, and that
was one of the reasons why the government decided to
not like try to stand in the way of Mexicans
leaving for work in the United States. And it's actually
in the constitution that people have a right to leave
the country too. Really, yeah, I want I did write
it down either, but let me try to find it,
just because I thought it was interesting that it's in

(31:04):
the constitution. Yeah, I had no idea. Oh yeah, here
it is. But the Mexican Constitution also protected the right
of Mexican nationals to freely enter and exit the national territory,
and Mexican authorities therefore refuse to prevent Mexican nationals from
crossing the border, regardless of the administrative requirements for legal immigration. Wow. Fascinating.

(31:27):
And the Mexican government also disagreed with the passage of
US anti immigrant laws that would affect Mexican migrants, since
they knew that it would lead to policing, criminalization, and
in enjoutices towards Mexicans and in turn affect the economic
gains that Mexico received from the country's immigrants, like the remedances.

(31:53):
I said it wrongly and whatever. An officer of the
Mexican Department of Migration once said, their people from the
United States and they arrive in disastrous health and material
conditions about the US immigration authorities, and that's something that
can be said today. Yeah, the Mexican government was also
concerned of immigrants being exploited by Kuyotis or other violent

(32:17):
opportunists during their journeys to the United States, especially once
migrants were forced into more remote paths of entry in
the US. And they yeah, you know, anti immigrant laws passed,
like before people could come and go right, and then
now they needed to pay eighteen dollars, they needed to
commit themselves to accumulating inspections i e. Like when we

(32:42):
talked about the bath riots. Yes, yeah, you know, things
like that, and so present themselves to official ports of entry.
So instead people found other ways right to enter the USA.
You know what makes me laugh about like because then people,
you know, you share this, and then people are like,
what are we supposed to do? Just let everyone in
have no rules, And it's like, oh, you don't underst

(33:04):
like these rules haven't always been there and people have
always moved and they've gone back and forth, like people
have a right to travel, to move, Like yeah, Plus,
I know I see people saying that all the time.
I don't in the United States have a right like
any other country to protect itself and moniment. And I'm like, okay,

(33:24):
but the thing that you're not getting in your thick
skull and liquid brain is that no other country and
the world has caused migrants refugees silence speakers as like,
I'm like, sure, the United States has a right supposedly,
you know whatever, but don't people have a right to

(33:47):
live in their countries? And they're like, where where is
the rule of law in that sense? Oh, the United
States can just do where the fucking wants. Across the world,
destabilized countries, fun death squads, coos, coos, literal coups, established dictatorships.
They can do whatever the fuck they want. And then
when these people leaving the chaos that the United States

(34:10):
caused in their countries come here, or they're denied entry
because this is my country. No bitch, that's not how
the fucking world works. Sorry to get out, like off
topic a little bit, but like and then because then
people will be like, well, how long is the US
supposed to do that? What do you know? How long
when they stop fucking around? You know, some places never
have had a chance to recover because are there, I say,

(34:31):
because they continue to meddle it could. Yes, they're still
doing this so for forever, really for exactly until they
stop and they help repair the countries that they've ruined. Yeah,
but no countries will try to fix themselves. And the
unity isn't like that because it messes with capitalism. And
then they go and kill or try to kill the

(34:53):
person in power who is probably democratically elected. Yes, yes, uh.
And then you know they other reply that I'll get
to things like that. It's like, oh, well, Mexico does
the same being It's like, and I don't agree with
it either. I don't agree with their truthman's so central,
But they don't do American to the extent that the
United States does that. That's the thing that people people
are like, oh no, no, the United States, Like does

(35:17):
it to the extent of no other country? No, the
United States has far far exceeded like human rights violations,
you know like that. And that's when I'm like, shoot
the fuck up, Like yeah, I don't care. They just
want to argue. Yeah, and to that, thank you exactly precisely. No,

(35:40):
no see, or what's that? I don't know, I forgot
right about how how these laws forced people to enter
remotely and blah blah blah. Oh yeah, yeah, and so yeah,
the United The Mexican government issued warning to Mexicans that
wanted to migrate, and one of these warnings circulated to

(36:01):
the Mexican population. The government warned that immigrating without authorization
would open them up to a world of crime, exploitation,
and danger that threatened to literally drown the Mexican family,
and that once in the United States, they would face
persecution and be at the mercy of their employers. But
people needed more money, you know. Yeah, And the Mexican

(36:27):
Department of Migration also established checkpoints at train stations along
routes leading to the United States to prevent migrants from
entering the US without the proper authorization, but they tended
to focus more on enforcing the law against Coyotis rather
than migrants themselves, okay, and to make matters worse for migrants.

(36:54):
In nineteen twenty nine, the US passed the Immigration Act
of March fourth, nineteen twenty nine, in which, for the
first time, the United States defined unsanctioned border crossings as
misdemeanors for first time offenses and felonies, punishable by two
to five years in prison and a ten thousand dollars
fine for second offenses. And Enrique Santi Vanes, the Mexican

(37:19):
consulate official for San Antonio, Texas, spoke out against this criminalization, saying,
I do not deny that the Borbatrol has the right
to apprehend undocumented immigrants, but the new immigration laws that
have been put into effect are too severe and cruel.
Jail terms for illegal immigration are inhumane since Mexican nationals

(37:39):
entered the United States to work and build United States
agricultural briches. And I do disagree with him that barbaratol
about them having the right to know. Yeah, no, but
he's right, Like these people are making agricultural businesses in
the United States money. Yeah, Like they wouldn't go if

(38:02):
they weren't being hired. Right that year ENDCA and other
consulate officials visited gels and winness gels that were packed
beyond capacity. Not much different than today when people are
even able to tour the tentrad centers, but we know
that they're overpopulated, among many other human rights violations. So sorry,

(38:28):
I don't know why. I just thought of AOC's picture,
which is crying. Yeah, I was like, I no, I'm
not going down that path. I'll save it for an episode.
So insummation. The Border Patrol since its first days, like
I have been saying, has been racist and unjust. And uh,

(38:52):
that's where we'll go off today. All right, thanks for
moving us forward in this journey of the history of
border patrol and how we can see through that journey
so far that everything he's safe, they've always fucking sucked. No. Yeah,

(39:13):
actually that brings me to recommend this YouTube video that
I watched us talking about how reading this book and
talking about the history of border patrol, learning that although
I mean, we could have guessed, border patrol has always
been racist and unjust brings me to recommend this video
I watched by Wajaha Ali. It's time to abolish ICE,

(39:35):
where he interviews someone who defect. Defected, is that the
right word. Basically, they left ICE, they quit ICE and
did a whole turnaround and now believe in the abolishment
of ICE. And she has a book also, I mean,

(39:56):
and she was a whistleblower. Yeah, right, And so she
talks about basically how horrible and I think most of
us are in the know, but I don't know. It
still was a good thing to watch, even with all
the knowledge that we already have about how horrible fucking
eyes and bored Patrol is. And she's basically like pored
Patrol on ICE. They're basically the same thing. There's no

(40:18):
need to differentiate. Yeah, and they've always been horrible, They've
always been racist, and that's why they need to be
abolished because there's no reforming an institution. Just like the
cops right who began their days as catchers of enslaved people,
they have a racist origin embedded in their institution and

(40:41):
there's no abolishing or try there's no reforming that away
from an evil, horrible organization devoid of empathy and humanity.
You cannot train people, there's no fixing that, right, which
is it just has to be abolished. And the same
can be said about Borne patrol and ice And I
mean just to see them doing what they're doing now

(41:03):
in the streets of La Chicago and now Portland. Actually
is it National Guard? No isis in Portland or in
Portland too, So yeah, in Portland too. It's yeah, it's horrible,
and they're only getting worse. But this is their like
norm anyway, Like, this is what they do, right, this
is their like base level, like to them, this is

(41:24):
nothing new because they have a history of like torturing,
starving people, denying medical care. People die at detention centers.
M Yeah, and it doesn't matter who's president. People have
always died at the detention centers. Yeah, And they've always
been one of the one of the most violent agencies.
And that's the few of their acts of violence that

(41:46):
get recorded, and that's already a huge number, and then
imagine the ones that don't get recorded, like right, and yeah,
and we're talking about violence since day one, because how
are you only established for like five years and you
already need to be reformed. And we talked about that
last episode, right, and I'm like, Okay, reform doesn't work.

(42:07):
We already know this from history. They have been trying
to reform them since their inception, but I'm like, they
weren't even around for like, no, ten years, and they
need to be reformed. Who are the creators or the
forefathers of this Texas Rangers another violent racist institution. Yeah,

(42:30):
who like literally hunted not white people for fun. Including
Like there's a period of I mean we talked about
it in all those episodes already, but like you know,
the time period, the ten year time period known as
La Matanza is mostly due to Texas Ranger violence. And
these are the people who went on to become Border
patrol agents, right, So yeah, yeah, how do you reform that?

(42:53):
You can't. No, you don't abolish ice. And now we're
on a watch list and to the watching this video
because they're scouring eyes, abolish it like my shirt, hold on,
that's its fun eyes mother, and I mean it anyway,

(43:17):
they're not good right now. Oh my god, I think
swatted you guys recording us uploaded. Okay, we're done now, sorry, yes,
we're done, all right now? So yeah, next week, I
think we'll be talking about border patrol after World War two,
how that changed things and the establishing establishment of the

(43:40):
breast of the program is what I'm thinking. That would
I'm talking about, and I'm gonna try to have my
notes done on time. All right, I see believe in you.
You can do it. Thank you. I don't know do
it or you only We're just gonna be upping them out.
I feel like it's igh stakes enough. Yes, and yeah,

(44:02):
other than that, reminder that you can support us over
on Patreon. We do have a weekly episode where we
go over developments in the US and sometimes other parts
of the world and we yap about them. Sometimes we
gossip about fun things, although that's becoming more and more rare.

(44:23):
And yeah, that's over on patreon. An anything you give us,
we I do like a monthly donation, putting together a
speaking telsan Esuia's and known donations to some organization to help.
And right now it's still the car Washers organization in
LA because they're still doing a boran work. Yes, they
have been deported in great numbers, targeted in great numbers,

(44:44):
and so yeah, that's what we're supported right now. And
if you want to help us do that, then yeah,
join the Patreon And other than that, we hope that
this was one less Estonia Unknown. Sorry so that's all weird.
But yeah, well let's see that I known for you? Yes, yes,
oh wait sorry, one more reminder that you can catch

(45:05):
us live. You can meet us that's running at our event.
The Cuckoo is going to get you in Yakama November first.
We will be there at netbookie capacity. Yes, not a
historical capacity, but you know, if you want to still
say hi, you're more than welcome. We shall be there.

(45:26):
And yeah, other than that, oh wait, we already said
our Storia Yeah, yeah, okay. Tootles Astorias Are Known is
produced by Carmen and Christina. Researched by Carmen and Christina,
edited by Christina. You can find sources for every episode
at Estoria Unknown dot com and in our show notes.
Creating the podcast has a lot of work, so if

(45:47):
you want to help us out financially, you can do
so by supporting us on Patreon at patreon dot com.
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