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March 30, 2025 • 18 mins

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The Great Influenza Epidemic: Misnamed, Deadly, and Unforgettable

This episode of History's a Disaster, hosted by Andrew, explores the Great Influenza Epidemic of 1918, often misnamed as the Spanish Flu. The virus, caused by the H1N1 strain, spread in three waves during and after World War I, resulting in the deadliest pandemic in recorded history. Despite heavy censorship due to wartime, the flu's impact was devastating, affecting soldiers and civilians worldwide and killing nearly 100 million people. The episode dives into the specific spread of the virus, its symptoms, misconceptions about its origins, and the various public responses and consequences of the epidemic.

00:00 Introduction to the Spanish Flu
02:13 Origins and Early Spread
04:45 The First Wave Hits
08:13 The Devastating Second Wave
16:13 The Third Wave and Aftermath
17:32 Conclusion and Lessons Learned

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Special thank you to Lunarfall Audio for producing and doing all the heavy lifting on audio editing since April 13, 2025, the Murder of Christopher Meyer episode https://lunarfallaudio.com/


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Episode Transcript

Available transcripts are automatically generated. Complete accuracy is not guaranteed.
Andrew (00:00):
In the early months of 1918 as World War I was winding
down, a deadly virus traveledacross the globe, what would
later be incorrectly called theSpanish flu.
It would cause the worstpandemic in recorded history and

(00:21):
last until 19.
20.
Andrew, and this is History's aDisaster.
Tonight we are diving into thegreat influenza epidemic caused

(00:46):
by influenza a.
Or the H one N one virus thattraveled across the globe during
World War I, it struck in threedifferent waves over two years.
It is most commonly referred toas the Spanish flu, which isn't
really correct.

(01:07):
It's not even Spanish at all.
The name Spanish Flu is aconsequence of World War I
Censorship.
Spain being a neutral countryduring the war had no
restrictions on the press,allowing newspapers to freely
report the flu's effects.
This gave the wrong impressionthat the flu was more severe in

(01:30):
Spain at the time.
Every other country involved inthe war did not want to put out
more depressing news with thewar going on.
So the effects of the flu wereheavily censored.
Initial symptoms of the fluincluded a sore head and fatigue
followed by a dry hacking cough,a loss of appetite, stomach

(01:54):
problems, and then on the secondday excessive sweating.
Next, the illness could affectthe respiratory organs and
pneumonia could developpneumonia or other respiratory
complications brought about bythe were often the main cause of
death.
Its exact origins are stillunknown to this day.

(02:18):
One of the leading theoriesamong historians and scientists
is that it may have startedamong livestock or possibly as a
bird flu and mutated to make thejumps to humans when and where
it started is also up fordebate.
With Kansas being one of the topchoices of when and where.

(02:41):
March of 1918, the first knownreports of flu appeared in Fort
Riley, Kansas.
Overcrowding and unsanitaryconditions created a fertile
breeding ground for the virus.
Within one week, 522 men hadbeen admitted to the camp

(03:02):
hospital suffering from the samesevere flu.
Soon after the Army reportedsimilar outbreaks in Virginia,
South Carolina, Georgia,Florida, Alabama, and California
Navy ships docked East Coastports, also reported outbreaks

(03:23):
of severe flu and pneumoniaamong their crews.
The flu seemed to targetmilitary personnel and not
civilians.
So.
The virus was largelyovershadowed by hotter current
affairs Within five weeks, 1,127cases would be reported coming

(03:46):
out of Fort Riley with 46 ofthem resulting in death deaths,
which would be attributed topneumonia by May.
The soldiers in Fort Riley hadfinished their training and were
being shipped out.
They were packed into transportships for the Long Sea voyage.

(04:08):
The ships were cramped and theywere shoved into airless halls.
This was the perfect breedingground for the flu or the three
day fever, as they called it.
By time they made it to France.
The flu had spread out andjumped to more soldiers as they
arrived.
The hospitals in France weresoon filled up with six

(04:30):
soldiers.
Most would recover, but somewould develop a secondary
pneumonia and would not survivewith the flu spreading mostly
among the enlisted, it wouldstart to die out in the states.
However, it was just starting tobuild up in Europe and beginning
its first wave around the globe.

(04:52):
French troops would be the nextto start to feel the effects of
the flu before it traveled intoSpain.
Spain not subject to the samecensorship as the other
countries reported.
An estimated 8 million cases ofthe flu during May and June,
which is what led to it beingcalled the Spanish Flu.

(05:16):
The battlefield trenches ofFrance became a breeding ground
for this deadly flu.
Soldiers living in cramped,dirty, and damp conditions
became ill.
This was a direct result ofweakened immune systems from
malnourishment throughillnesses, which were known as

(05:37):
lag Grpa, or the grip wereinfectious and spread among the
troops within around three daysof becoming ill, many soldiers
would start to feel better, butnot all would survive.
The Royal Navy reported over10,000 cases of flu while they

(05:57):
dealt with constant bombingraids, food shortages, and
growing casualties.
The flu spread quickly up anddown the Western front.
No army was safe from it,whether it was purulent
bronchitis in France, sand flyfever in Italy.

(06:17):
Or the Blitz Qatar in Germany,everyone had their own name for
it and everyone felt itseffects.
Berlin would report 160,000cases, including Kaiser Wilhelm.
The Germans would later blamethe flu for the failure of their

(06:38):
July offensive, which hadseverely weakened the army.
By July, the flu swept intoAustria-Hungary in Switzerland.
The Swiss army was almostcompletely hit with the flu and
the Swiss reported over 50,000cases in July alone.
Thousands more would soon bereported in Denmark and Norway.

(07:04):
The flu would soon cross bothoceans traveling on Navy and
merchant vessels alike.
Hitting places like Hawaii andPuerto Rico.
No place on the globe was safe.
Soon, Asia was under attack asit swept through China and
Japan.
Japan's Navy would be almostcompletely hit with the flu.

(07:28):
During the summer months as theflu traveled, the globe
overfilling hospitals andleaving millions stricken in its
wake, it changed duringautopsies of the dead.
The lungs were found in terribleconditions from hemorrhaging to
abscesses and edema, and evencomplete collapse.

(07:49):
It was unlike anything they hadever seen.
Throughout July, it got deadlieras it hit Russia, India, Africa,
and New Zealand.
Within four months, it wouldcompletely travel the globe.
Ending its first wave with tensof thousands dead yet, still

(08:09):
completely ignored because ofthe war.
The second wave would be harderto ignore.
Its tens of thousands turnedinto tens of millions dead.
No one paid much attention asthe first wave died out in
mid-July, but near the end ofAugust, the second wave began.

(08:32):
It was the same flu since thosewho got it in the first wave
were now immune to it, but nowit had changed.
The first case of the secondwave was reported in breast
France.
Within days it would be inBoston, Massachusetts.
Freetown Sierra Leone in WestAfrica, it would quickly spread

(08:55):
across the globe.
Again, infecting hundreds ofmillions of people.
No place was safe from theepidemic, and this time it was
far deadlier.
It hit the lungs hard, damagingand turning them red and hard.
Lungs would fill with liquid andwithout adequate oxygen, the

(09:16):
sick would start to turn blue.
Spots would appear over theircheekbones and within a few
hours, the blue color wouldexpand from their ears across
their faces.
Nurses would have to check aperson's feet to even tell what
race the person was, and iftheir feet were blue and turning

(09:38):
to black, they were already toofar gone for any chance to save
them.
This would also lead to it beingcalled the Blue Death.
Unlike most flus or illnesseswhere the young and elderly are
the most at risk, this strain ofH one N one tore through the

(10:00):
average healthy adults.
In fact, it seemed to preferthem.
It hit the average adult at arate far greater than that of
the elderly.
By September with more soldierscoming home and mixing with the
civilian population, the flujumped and ran through the city

(10:20):
of Boston.
They tried to downplay theseriousness of the flu, but by
mid-September there was over3000 cases.
In 40 deaths in Boston,hospitals were overflowing to
the point that they set up tentsto be used as makeshift
hospitals.
By mid-October, the death tollwas nearing 4,000.

(10:44):
There was a huge shortage ofdoctors and nurses and citizens
were being asked to volunteer tohelp out.
Public schools were shut downbecause of the lack of healthy
teachers.
The railway was rarely on timebecause of the lack of staffing,
and the phones had so fewoperators that everyone was

(11:06):
asked to keep phone calls toemergencies, only to try to stop
the spread and limit contactbetween people.
The movie theaters, restaurantsand bars were shut down.
The morgues were backed up.
There was not enough coffins togo around and the grave digs

(11:26):
could not keep up with demand.
Although funerals were keptsmall, the streets were always
filled with mourners.
While they hoped to contain theflu to Boston, it quickly spread
to the rest of the country withmost military bases being
quarantined.
They tried to stop the spread,but it was too late.

(11:48):
It had already hit the civilianpopulation and it was spreading.
No law or ordinance they passedor mask or remedies they tried
could stop the spread.
By the fall of 1918, moreAmericans died of the flu than
in the, there was cure for.

(12:09):
It can only be fought withsymptomatic treatments and
improvised remedies.
They tried to make vaccines, butsince their understanding of
viruses was virtuallynon-existent, they did not work.
It would not be until the 1930swith the use of an electron
microscope that doctors wouldend up having a better

(12:33):
understanding of the nature ofviruses.
In the face of doctors'helplessness, ordinary people
tried anything they could totreat their friends and family.
One of the most popular curesincluded significant doses of
alcohol, especially whiskey andbrandy.
Other attempted cures range fromcamper and quinine to Crete and

(12:58):
strict nine.
So in other words, if you can'tdrown it out with alcohol, why
not poison it?
I'm sure that worked out forpeople very well.
Preventative public healthmeasures were essential.
In order to try to stem thespread of the flu out of every
major American city,Philadelphia would be hit the

(13:21):
hardest.
Despite early warnings about theflu, they did little to prepare
for it.
The director of the Departmentof Health and Charities went as
far as to tell the city therewas little chance it would
spread from the military tocivilian population.
He was backed up by the head ofthe local Navy district saying

(13:46):
how they were confident, theyknew how to stop it.
Fooled by these falseassumptions, Philadelphia took
no precautions.
In over 200,000 people gatheredin the streets to watch a
massive parade that stretchedacross the city in just days
afterwards, the flu exploded allover the city.

(14:11):
By the middle of October 2,600,were dead in a week with another
4,500 the following week.
Philadelphia was fucked.
Essential services were failing.
The hospitals were crowded,overflow, hospitals were packed.

(14:31):
Nearly 500 of the city's policeforce was too sick to work.
The Bureau of Children's Hygienewas crowded with kids whose
parents were dead or dying.
The morgue had bodies stacked inthe halls in every corner they
could find.
The city had to take over a coldstorage plant to serve as a

(14:54):
secondary morgue for all thecorpses.
In just over a month, over12,000 residents lost their
lives to the epidemic.
This was just one city, whichsadly was typical of all the
rest.
Other cities did not take thethreat seriously.

(15:15):
They all thought it wouldn'thappen here, that it couldn't
happen, so they did nothinguntil it was too late.
If not, for the volunteers thatstepped up, things would've been
far worse.
Student nurses and other medicalstudents assumed duties they
were not quite prepared for allin an effort to help volunteers

(15:39):
with no medical training helpedfill in as volunteer nurses with
no public health services tohelp organize them.
Volunteers helped out whereverthey could.
By November, the second wavewould start to burn itself out.
Just in time for the signing ofthe arm's thesis that ended

(16:00):
World War I.
People went outside again andreconnected with neighbors and
friends after being quarantinedand with the end of the war,
they had something else tocelebrate.
While cases of the flu weregoing down by the end of
December, they would start torise again before peaking in

(16:22):
January.
It would not make headlines likethe second wave.
This third wave was overshadowedby the Paris Peace Conferences.
Most people assumed it was justa winter cold, but it was still
as deadly as the second wavewith over 3000 dying in New York

(16:43):
alone over two months, andanother 3000 in Paris.
President Woodrow Wilson wouldbecome ill, and it is believed
that the flu contributed to hisdownfall and eventual stroke.
The third wave would die down inthe US during the summer months
of 1919, but stayed active inother parts of the world.

(17:06):
It would finally burn itself outcompletely in Japan in 1920.
The US public health serviceswould be greatly expanded,
American public health policieswould be improved significantly,
and many important lessons wouldbe learned in containing a

(17:29):
future epidemic.
And that was the Spanish fluepidemic of 1918, the Deadliest
Epidemic in Recorded Historythat claimed the lives of nearly
100 billion people.
Thanks for listening.
And if you liked the episode,please consider leaving a rating

(17:51):
or review on your app of choiceand you can reach the show at
histories a disaster@gmail.comor through social media under
the same name.
And as always, share the show'cause sharing is caring and if
there was more caring in theworld, maybe history wouldn't be

(18:13):
a disaster.
Thanks and goodbye.
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