The death of Matteo Ricci in 1610 left the Jesuit mission in China vulnerable, facing waves of persecution and political upheaval that threatened to end European influence in the empire. This episode explores how the missionaries endured by strategically applying scientific knowledge, highlighting the work of Johann Schreck, a German Jesuit who studied under Galileo and brought European astronomical expertise to the Chinese imperial court.
We examine the turbulent period from 1610 to 1630, including Shen Que's systematic persecution campaign, the terror under eunuch Wei Zhongxian, and the gradual recovery during the Chongzhen restoration. The episode follows Schreck's journey from European academies to Beijing's Forbidden City, his collaborations with Chinese scholars like Wang Zheng on mechanical engineering, and his persistent efforts to obtain Galileo's astronomical calculations for calendar reform.
The story ends with the solar eclipse on June 21, 1629, when Schreck's precise predictions in a public contest among Chinese, Islamic, and European astronomical methods showcased Western scientific skills. This event resulted in an imperial order for European-led calendar reform and shifted the Jesuit role from vulnerable religious outsiders to vital technical advisors.
Drawing on missionary correspondence, Chinese official records, and modern astronomical analysis, this episode shows how the transfer of scientific knowledge influenced early modern global interactions and how a single astronomical event could change the course of cultural diplomacy between East and West.
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Intro Music: Hayden Symphony #39
Outro Music: Vivaldi Concerto for Mandolin and Strings in D
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