Episode Transcript
Available transcripts are automatically generated. Complete accuracy is not guaranteed.
Speaker:
Feel like who? (00:00):
undefined
Speaker:
Art editor. (00:00):
undefined
Speaker:
Who? (00:02):
undefined
Speaker:
Artist. (00:02):
undefined
Speaker:
Mr. wood. (00:02):
undefined
Speaker:
Art editor. (00:03):
undefined
Speaker:
Me? (00:03):
undefined
Speaker:
Good either way. (00:04):
undefined
Speaker:
It's ambiguous. (00:05):
undefined
Speaker:
It works on so many levels. (00:06):
undefined
Speaker:
I know that's off to a great
start. (00:07):
undefined
Speaker:
Welcome to wholehearted weekly
art history for all ages. (00:10):
undefined
Speaker:
I'm your host, Kyle Wood, and (00:13):
undefined
Speaker:
today we're digging into King (00:15):
undefined
Speaker:
Tut's tomb. (00:18):
undefined
Speaker:
On November twenty sixth,
nineteen twenty two, Howard (00:19):
undefined
Speaker:
Carter prepared to enter the
tomb of a little known pharaoh. (00:22):
undefined
Speaker:
Nobody had set foot inside the
space for over three thousand (00:26):
undefined
Speaker:
years, but as Carter held up his
candle, his partner Lord (00:30):
undefined
Speaker:
Carnarvon, who had financed the
expedition, called out, asking (00:34):
undefined
Speaker:
if he saw anything. (00:38):
undefined
Speaker:
Carter responded yes, wonderful
things. (00:40):
undefined
Speaker:
King Tutankhamun, often referred
to as King Tut, ascended to the (00:46):
undefined
Speaker:
throne at the tender age of nine
during the eighteenth dynasty of (00:50):
undefined
Speaker:
the New Kingdom in Egypt around
thirteen thirty two BCE. (00:55):
undefined
Speaker:
Workers hastily completed his
tomb as the boy king appeared to (01:00):
undefined
Speaker:
have died unexpectedly when he
was just a teenager. (01:04):
undefined
Speaker:
While there are numerous
theories as to how he passed, I (01:09):
undefined
Speaker:
am inclined to believe those who
say he likely died from malaria (01:12):
undefined
Speaker:
or an infection. (01:16):
undefined
Speaker:
There were theories that he died
in a chariot crash because of (01:18):
undefined
Speaker:
the chariots left in his tomb,
along with numerous broken bones (01:22):
undefined
Speaker:
and the skeleton. (01:26):
undefined
Speaker:
However, DNA analysis indicated
that Tutankhamun had a severe (01:27):
undefined
Speaker:
clubbed foot and other maladies,
likely stemming from the (01:33):
undefined
Speaker:
verticality of his family tree. (01:36):
undefined
Speaker:
Tutankhamun was physically (01:39):
undefined
Speaker:
frail, likely in a great deal of (01:40):
undefined
Speaker:
pain during his short life, and (01:43):
undefined
Speaker:
would not have been capable of (01:45):
undefined
Speaker:
riding chariots. (01:46):
undefined
Speaker:
The contents of the tomb also
indicate Tut's disability. (01:48):
undefined
Speaker:
He was buried with one hundred
and thirty canes and walking (01:52):
undefined
Speaker:
sticks to aid him in getting
around in the afterlife. (01:56):
undefined
Speaker:
Now, as a ruler, King Tut really
was not all that remarkable. (02:00):
undefined
Speaker:
Probably his greatest
achievement was restoring (02:06):
undefined
Speaker:
traditional religious practices. (02:09):
undefined
Speaker:
His predecessor Akhenaten, also
King Tut's father. (02:12):
undefined
Speaker:
I guess Tutankhamun's initial
name was Tutankhaten, but he (02:16):
undefined
Speaker:
changed it as he took the throne
as sort of a signifier that he (02:23):
undefined
Speaker:
was getting away from his
allegiance to his father, um, (02:28):
undefined
Speaker:
who was considered to be sort of
a heretical king and, um, sort (02:33):
undefined
Speaker:
of symbolically getting back
towards the old religions. (02:38):
undefined
Speaker:
Akhenaten had undergone some (02:42):
undefined
Speaker:
drastic religious reforms, (02:44):
undefined
Speaker:
pushing everyone to worship (02:46):
undefined
Speaker:
Aten, the sun disk, as the (02:47):
undefined
Speaker:
primary god. (02:49):
undefined
Speaker:
Tutankhamun restored the (02:51):
undefined
Speaker:
polytheistic tradition, bringing (02:53):
undefined
Speaker:
back the priests and the temples (02:55):
undefined
Speaker:
that had been out of favour (02:57):
undefined
Speaker:
during that previous (02:58):
undefined
Speaker:
administration. (02:59):
undefined
Speaker:
He also moved the capital back
to Thebes. (03:01):
undefined
Speaker:
He supported the arts and pushed
to improve the economy, (03:04):
undefined
Speaker:
revitalising trade networks that
had suffered under Akhenaten. (03:07):
undefined
Speaker:
The thing is, while all of this
sounds like he was restoring (03:13):
undefined
Speaker:
Egypt to normalcy after the
radical reign of Akhenaten, he (03:17):
undefined
Speaker:
was still Akhenaten son. (03:22):
undefined
Speaker:
So people associated the two of
them together. (03:23):
undefined
Speaker:
He was likely just going along
with his advisors plans. (03:28):
undefined
Speaker:
Remember, Tutankhamun was only (03:31):
undefined
Speaker:
nine years old when he took the (03:33):
undefined
Speaker:
throne, so people like Nefertiti (03:35):
undefined
Speaker:
were likely just pulling the (03:37):
undefined
Speaker:
strings. (03:38):
undefined
Speaker:
When Tutankhamun died young, he
left no children as heirs. (03:40):
undefined
Speaker:
Military strongmen came in to
grab power, and the Pharaoh AoNB (03:44):
undefined
Speaker:
worked to erase Tut and
Akhenaten from history. (03:48):
undefined
Speaker:
Horemheb actually continued (03:53):
undefined
Speaker:
Tut's reforms and then took over (03:55):
undefined
Speaker:
Tut's monuments, carving his own (03:58):
undefined
Speaker:
name over Tut's wherever he (04:00):
undefined
Speaker:
could. (04:01):
undefined
Speaker:
Ironically, King Tutankhamun
became a household name in the (04:02):
undefined
Speaker:
twentieth century because he was
almost entirely forgotten three (04:06):
undefined
Speaker:
thousand years ago, because
Tutankhamun wasn't spoken of and (04:10):
undefined
Speaker:
essentially erased from history. (04:15):
undefined
Speaker:
So shortly after his death. (04:17):
undefined
Speaker:
He was quickly forgotten by most (04:19):
undefined
Speaker:
Egyptians, including would be (04:21):
undefined
Speaker:
looters. (04:23):
undefined
Speaker:
As a result, his was the most (04:24):
undefined
Speaker:
fully intact tomb to be (04:26):
undefined
Speaker:
excavated in the twentieth (04:29):
undefined
Speaker:
century. (04:30):
undefined
Speaker:
There were about five thousand (04:32):
undefined
Speaker:
treasures in the tomb when (04:33):
undefined
Speaker:
Howard Carter and his team came (04:35):
undefined
Speaker:
in. (04:37):
undefined
Speaker:
It actually took them about a
decade just to catalogue and (04:38):
undefined
Speaker:
carefully remove everything now
from the looks of things. (04:41):
undefined
Speaker:
While Carter's team was very
careful and meticulous, removing (04:45):
undefined
Speaker:
everything, the ancient
Egyptians had to rush the job as (04:50):
undefined
Speaker:
they filled the space. (04:53):
undefined
Speaker:
The stone sarcophagus, for (04:55):
undefined
Speaker:
example, has some unfinished (04:57):
undefined
Speaker:
details. (04:59):
undefined
Speaker:
Workers painted on some jewelry (05:00):
undefined
Speaker:
pieces that would normally have (05:02):
undefined
Speaker:
been carved. (05:04):
undefined
Speaker:
The lid was granite, but the
base was quartzite. (05:05):
undefined
Speaker:
Archaeologists say that
something must have happened to (05:08):
undefined
Speaker:
the original quartzite lid, and
they simply made do with what (05:12):
undefined
Speaker:
they had on hand. (05:15):
undefined
Speaker:
A granite lid was carved and
painted to look like quartzite, (05:17):
undefined
Speaker:
but repair work also indicates
that the granite cracked during (05:21):
undefined
Speaker:
the rushed carving process. (05:26):
undefined
Speaker:
Things breaking and being
hastily repaired appears to be (05:29):
undefined
Speaker:
the theme for King Tut. (05:33):
undefined
Speaker:
Probably the most famous (05:34):
undefined
Speaker:
treasure from the tomb of King (05:36):
undefined
Speaker:
Tutankhamun would be his burial (05:37):
undefined
Speaker:
mask. (05:39):
undefined
Speaker:
It's twenty two and a half
pounds, constructed of gold and (05:40):
undefined
Speaker:
precious jewels along stylized
beard hung from the chin. (05:44):
undefined
Speaker:
But when Carter opened the tomb,
the beard had broken off. (05:48):
undefined
Speaker:
They inserted a wood dowel rod
to reattach the beard. (05:53):
undefined
Speaker:
But in twenty fourteen, some
museum workers were cleaning the (05:57):
undefined
Speaker:
glass case when they
accidentally broke the beard (06:01):
undefined
Speaker:
off, apparently in a move that
seems way too relatable. (06:04):
undefined
Speaker:
They just hastily tried to cover (06:10):
undefined
Speaker:
their mistake by quickly gluing (06:11):
undefined
Speaker:
it back on and hoping nobody (06:14):
undefined
Speaker:
would notice. (06:15):
undefined
Speaker:
Unfortunately, the beard was (06:17):
undefined
Speaker:
slightly off center and people (06:19):
undefined
Speaker:
noticed some epoxy residue (06:21):
undefined
Speaker:
around where the pieces were (06:23):
undefined
Speaker:
connected. (06:25):
undefined
Speaker:
In twenty fifteen, a team of (06:26):
undefined
Speaker:
preservationists cleaned up the (06:28):
undefined
Speaker:
mess and reattached the beard (06:30):
undefined
Speaker:
using beeswax, which was kind of (06:32):
undefined
Speaker:
surprising to me, but I guess it (06:34):
undefined
Speaker:
was in line with ancient (06:36):
undefined
Speaker:
Egyptian methods. (06:37):
undefined
Speaker:
And why all the significance (06:39):
undefined
Speaker:
with the beard, you might be (06:41):
undefined
Speaker:
wondering? (06:42):
undefined
Speaker:
Great question. (06:43):
undefined
Speaker:
Glad I asked myself. (06:44):
undefined
Speaker:
The beard, like everything else
about the mask, was symbolic. (06:46):
undefined
Speaker:
It was intended to connect him
to the image of a god. (06:50):
undefined
Speaker:
The gold served the same (06:53):
undefined
Speaker:
function as Egyptian gods were (06:55):
undefined
Speaker:
described as having skin of gold (06:56):
undefined
Speaker:
and bones of silver, hair of (06:59):
undefined
Speaker:
lapis lazuli. (07:01):
undefined
Speaker:
The burial mask was not a (07:03):
undefined
Speaker:
naturalistic depiction of the (07:05):
undefined
Speaker:
king as he looked in life, but (07:07):
undefined
Speaker:
rather an idealized depiction of (07:09):
undefined
Speaker:
what he would look like in the (07:12):
undefined
Speaker:
afterlife. (07:14):
undefined
Speaker:
He wears the nemes headdress,
the striped headcloth typically (07:16):
undefined
Speaker:
worn by ancient Egyptian
pharaohs, and just above his (07:20):
undefined
Speaker:
forehead we see the vulture and
cobra, symbols of goddesses, (07:23):
undefined
Speaker:
watching over him and
symbolizing his rule over both (07:27):
undefined
Speaker:
Upper and Lower Egypt. (07:31):
undefined
Speaker:
While his innermost coffin was
made of gold. (07:34):
undefined
Speaker:
It did not appear shiny when (07:37):
undefined
Speaker:
Carter and his team first (07:38):
undefined
Speaker:
encountered it. (07:39):
undefined
Speaker:
Carter described the coffin as (07:41):
undefined
Speaker:
being pitch black from the hands (07:42):
undefined
Speaker:
to the toes, as it had been (07:44):
undefined
Speaker:
covered in some liquid for a (07:46):
undefined
Speaker:
ritual anointing. (07:48):
undefined
Speaker:
In his hands were the crook and
flail symbols. (07:50):
undefined
Speaker:
The king's right to rule the
goddesses Nekhbet, the vulture, (07:54):
undefined
Speaker:
and Wadjet the cobra, are
spreading across his torso, (07:58):
undefined
Speaker:
inlaid in semi-precious stones. (08:03):
undefined
Speaker:
Beneath them we can see two more
goddesses, Isis and Nephthys, (08:06):
undefined
Speaker:
etched in gold. (08:10):
undefined
Speaker:
All of these treasures. (08:13):
undefined
Speaker:
Because the Egyptian pharaohs (08:14):
undefined
Speaker:
spent most of their lives (08:15):
undefined
Speaker:
planning for the afterlife from (08:17):
undefined
Speaker:
the moment they ascended to the (08:19):
undefined
Speaker:
throne, rulers would have crews (08:21):
undefined
Speaker:
building tombs guarded by walls, (08:23):
undefined
Speaker:
secret entrances, traps and (08:25):
undefined
Speaker:
spells. (08:27):
undefined
Speaker:
In yet another great bit of
irony, the tomb that appears to (08:28):
undefined
Speaker:
have been the most hastily
constructed also appears to have (08:32):
undefined
Speaker:
been the best preserved. (08:36):
undefined
Speaker:
Tutankhamun was allowed to rest (08:39):
undefined
Speaker:
in peace for well over three (08:41):
undefined
Speaker:
thousand years, until Howard (08:43):
undefined
Speaker:
Carter came around to dig up the (08:45):
undefined
Speaker:
King's remains. (08:47):
undefined
Speaker:
And though his reign may have (08:48):
undefined
Speaker:
been short, the treasures found (08:49):
undefined
Speaker:
in Tutankhamun's tomb have given (08:51):
undefined
Speaker:
him an outsized place in the (08:54):
undefined
Speaker:
history books and popular (08:56):
undefined
Speaker:
culture. (08:57):
undefined
Speaker:
If you want to learn a little
bit more about ancient Egyptian (08:59):
undefined
Speaker:
art, check out the episodes
linked in the show notes. (09:02):
undefined
Speaker:
And as always, if you enjoy this (09:04):
undefined
Speaker:
show, please tell a friend about (09:06):
undefined
Speaker:
it or do me a favor and leave a (09:09):
undefined
Speaker:
kind rating or review on Apple (09:11):
undefined
Speaker:
Podcasts, Spotify, or wherever (09:12):
undefined
Speaker:
you're listening. (09:14):
undefined
Speaker:
This concludes this week's (09:16):
undefined
Speaker:
episode of Who Arted, part of (09:17):
undefined
Speaker:
the Airwave Media Podcast (09:19):
undefined
Speaker:
Network. (09:20):
undefined
Speaker:
If you found this tolerable,
please leave a rating or review (09:21):
undefined
Speaker:
on your favorite podcast app. (09:24):
undefined
Speaker:
You can find images of the work (09:26):
undefined
Speaker:
being discussed this week and (09:28):
undefined
Speaker:
every week on social media at (09:29):
undefined
Speaker:
Wholehearted Podcast, on (09:31):
undefined
Speaker:
Twitter, Instagram and TikTok (09:33):
undefined
Speaker:
and of course, on the website (09:35):
undefined
Speaker:
who Arted Podcast.com podcast (09:36):
undefined
Speaker:
done. (09:40):
undefined