Understanding Cybersecurity Behavior: From Social Engineering to Shadow AI | An Infosecurity Europe 2025 Conversation with Jason Nurse | On Location Coverage with Sean Martin and Marco Ciappelli

Dr. Jason Nurse, academic and cybersecurity behavior researcher, joins Marco Ciappelli at Infosecurity Europe to unpack the shift in cybersecurity thinking—away from purely technical measures and toward a deeper understanding of human behavior and psychology. Nurse focuses his work on why people act the way they do when it comes to security decisions, and how culture, community, and workplace influences shape those actions.

Behavior is increasingly taking center stage in security conversations, and for good reason. Nurse points to recent attacks that succeed not because of flaws in technology but due to the manipulation of individuals—such as social engineering tactics that target help desk personnel. These incidents highlight how behavioral cues and psychological triggers are weaponized, making it critical for organizations to address not just systems, but the people using them.

The conversation then shifts to artificial intelligence, particularly the growing issue of “shadow AI” in corporate settings. Nurse cites research from the National Cybersecurity Alliance’s Behavior Report, revealing that approximately 40% of employees who use AI admit to sharing sensitive corporate information with these tools—often without their employer’s awareness. Even more concerning, over half of those organizations offer no training on safe or responsible AI use.

Rather than banning AI outright, Nurse advocates for responsible use grounded in training and transparency. He acknowledges that some companies attempt to enforce boundaries by deploying internal AI systems, but these are often limited in capability. Others are exploring solutions to filter or sanitize inputs, though achieving a practical balance remains elusive.

The conversation also touches on the emotional and psychological bonds forming between individuals and AI. Nurse notes that users increasingly treat AI like a companion, trusting it with personal information and seeking advice, even in sensitive contexts such as mental health. That trust, while understandable, opens new avenues for misuse and misjudgment—especially when users forget AI lacks genuine understanding.

This episode prompts an important question: as AI becomes part of our daily routines, how do we maintain control, context, and caution in our interactions with it—and what does that mean for the future of security?

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Guest: Dr. Jason R.C. Nurse, Associate Professor in Cybersecurity at the University of Kent | https://www.linkedin.com/in/jasonrcnurse/

Hosts:
Sean Martin, Co-Founder at ITSPmagazine | Website: https://www.seanmartin.com

Marco Ciappelli, Co-Founder at ITSPmagazine | Website: https://www.marcociappelli.com

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Episode Sponsors

ThreatLocker: https://itspm.ag/threatlocker-r974

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Resources

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