Ep16: How Do You Say Norfolk?

Languaging Episode 16: Notes

Title: Languaging in Hampton Roads

Episode 16 : How do you say Norfolk?

Hosts: Jill Winkowski and Prue Salasky

Date: May 1, 2024

Length: 34 minutes

Publication Frequency: Fourth Friday of each month

In this episode we finally get to the question that our listeners have been asking since Day 1: How do you say Norfolk?

Anecdotally, we discovered that everyone accepted “NAHfuk” as the old-time pronunciation with some retaining it as a way to connect with their city of residence. Increasingly, though, perhaps as part of the so-called cot/caught merger and Southern vowel shift, today’s speakers tend to use the “NORfuk” pronunciation. Both of those stress the first syllable with a reduction in the second syllable. There are others who stress the second syllable for a “NorFOLK” or “NorFORK” iteration.

We talked about vowels and reference the IPA vowel chart, https://www.ipachart.com/. We also mention linguist Penelope Eckert’s 1989 study, “Jocks and Burnouts: Social Categories and Identity in The High School.” It’s readily available from various sources online.

We had hoped to get a resolution on the matter of who says the city’s name in what way by consulting Tidewater Voices, an online archive of interviews of locals conducted (and ongoing) by linguistics students at Old Dominion University in Norfolk over more than two decades. That simply muddied the waters as we found old-timers using the more contemporary sounding "NORfuk" and Gen Zs using "NAHfuk." To listen for yourself, go to https://digitalcommons.odu.edu/tidewatervoices/

We travelled the streets of Norfolk and invited those at signature locations – Norfolk Botanical Gardens, The Perry Glass Studio at the Chrysler Museum of Art, Nauticus, Visit Norfolk, The Mermaid Factory, Doumar’s Cones and Barbecue, and Norfolk Naval Station – to share their pronunciation of Norfolk along with information about their institution.

We consulted Dr. Janet Bing, PhD, a retired linguist from Old Dominion University in Norfolk, and a specialist in phonology, to share her expertise on the topic. She broke the name down phonetically but attributed its varying pronunciations to social forces.

Everyone agrees, though, that pronouncing the city’s name as "NAHfuk" places you in the local category.

International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) for the Norfolk pronunciation variations: “NAHfuk” [‘na.fək], “NORfuk” [‘nɔr.fək], “NorFOLK” [nɔr’foʊk], “NorFORK” [nɔr’fɔrk].

Send your questions and feedback to [e-mail].