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March 3, 2025 65 mins

The Psychology of Changing Minds: Unpacking Cognitive Barriers and Strategies

In this episode of PsyberSpace, host Leslie Poston digs deep into the complex psychology behind changing minds in a divided society. The episode, which runs longer than usual at 60 minutes, explores how cognitive dissonance, confirmation bias, and identity protection influence our resistance to belief revision. Leslie discusses the neurological discomfort of encountering contradictory information, the role of group identity in maintaining beliefs, and the dangers and mechanisms of cult indoctrination and propaganda. The episode also highlights the importance of curiosity, critical education, and strategic patience in facilitating meaningful belief change. Ultimately, Leslie emphasizes the need for ethical persuasion respecting human dignity and agency while navigating our increasingly polarized world.

00:00 Introduction to Changing Minds
00:59 The Psychology Behind Cognitive Dissonance
01:56 Confirmation Bias and Belief Perseverance
03:56 Neuroplasticity and Gradual Belief Shifts
05:43 The Dark Side: Cults and Extremist Groups
11:32 Political Beliefs and Identity Fusion
18:07 The Role of Education in Belief Change
32:25 Curiosity as a Catalyst for Change
40:31 Propaganda and Psychological Manipulation
49:28 When Persuasion Fails: Understanding Limits
58:14 Conclusion: Navigating the Complexity of Belief Change

References

Aronson, E. (1992). The return of the repressed: Dissonance theory makes a comeback. Psychological Inquiry, 3(4), 303–311.

Burke, B. L., Martens, A., & Faucher, E. H. (2010). Two decades of terror management theory: A meta-analysis of mortality salience research. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 14(2), 155–195. 

Kaplan, J. T., Gimbel, S. I., & Harris, S. (2016). Neural correlates of maintaining one's political beliefs in the face of counterevidence. Scientific Reports, 6(1), 39589.

Kunda, Z. (1990). The case for motivated reasoning. Psychological Bulletin, 108(3), 480–498. 

Luo, Y., & Zhao, J. (2021). Motivated attention in climate change perception and action. Frontiers in Psychology, 12, 645163. 

Nyhan, B., & Reifler, J. (2010). When corrections fail: The persistence of political misperceptions. Political Behavior, 32(2), 303–330.

Lifton, R. J. (2019). Losing reality: On cults, cultism, and the mindset of political and religious zealotry. The New Press.

Rousselet, M., Duretete, O., Hardouin, J. B., & Grall-Bronnec, M. (2017). Cult membership: What factors contribute to joining or leaving? Psychiatry Research, 257, 27–33.

Simmonds-Moore, C. A., Alvarado, C. S., & Zingrone, N. L. (2019). A survey exploring synesthetic experiences: Exceptional experiences, schizotypy, and psychological well-being. Psychology of Consciousness: Theory, Research, and Practice, 6(1), 99–121.

Taylor, K. (2004). Brainwashing: The science of thought control. Oxford University Press.

Tourish, D. (2013). The dark side of transformational leadership: A critical perspective. Routledge.

Bakshy, E., Messing, S., & Adamic, L. A. (2015). Exposure to ideologically diverse news and opinion on Facebook. Science, 348(6239), 1130–1132. 

Frimer, J. A., Skitka, L. J., & Motyl, M. (2017). Liberals and conservatives are similarly motivated to avoid exposure to one another's opinions. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 72, 1–12. 

Haidt, J. (2012). The righteous mind: Why good people are divided by politics and religion. Pantheon Books.

Jost, J. T., Glaser, J., Kruglanski, A. W., & Sulloway, F. J. (2003). Political conservatism as motivated social cognition. Psychological Bulletin, 129(3), 339–375. 

Kahan, D. M. (2017). Misconceptions, misinformation, and the logic of identity-protective cognition. Cultural Cognition Project Working Paper Series No. 164. 

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