January 21, 2025 • 29 mins
Phytophthora root rot (PRR) is more than a challenge—it's a persistent threat capable of crippling your soybean yields if left unchecked. In this episode, we uncover the hidden dangers of PRR, its devastating impact on soybean plants, and why recognizing and controlling this disease is vital for every grower. From the role of geography to groundbreaking advancements in seed treatments and genetic resistance, we arm farmers with the tools and knowledge they need to fight back. Learn how proactive strategies can save your crops and safeguard your investment. Don’t let PRR silently destroy your yields—tune in and take control.
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Episode Transcript
Available transcripts are automatically generated. Complete accuracy is not guaranteed.
Speaker 1 (00:03):
Welcome to Spilling the Beans, the podcast that
spills the secrets to unlockingyour soybean farm's full
potential.
Every Tuesday, your hosts, billBackus and Jeff Mueller, dive
into expert strategies andinnovative solutions that will
help you boost your yields andmaximize your returns.
Whether you're a seasonedgrower or new to soybean farming
, we're here to help you succeed.
Let's get started.
Speaker 2 (00:24):
Hello and welcome to another episode of Spilling the
Beans.
I'm Jeff Mueller and I'm BillBackus, and thanks again for
joining us as we dive into theworld of soybeans, covering
various topics and providinginsights to the soybean industry
.
Bill, how are you doing today?
Speaker 3 (00:40):
I'm doing pretty good , pretty good, definitely
enjoying a little Januaryweather here in Iowa, so it
can't get much better.
I always wonder why in heck Ilive here and then it comes
around January and I rememberwhy.
Speaker 2 (00:51):
Yeah, yeah, I know what you mean.
A lot of people say they don'twant to have the seasons, but I
kind of enjoy the seasons alittle bit.
I don't enjoy scooping snow,but I do have a high schooler
that can take care of that now,so I enjoy it a little bit more
than I used to a few years ago.
So well, today we're going tohit on another episode of
talking about maybe one of themore specific topics about
(01:12):
soybeans, something that canhave an effect on soybeans and
cause some yield losses, andwe're going to talk to one of
our experts from the team anddiscuss you know what we're
talking about how we can helpprevent it and how we can help
farmers work around the problemand we're going forward with.
So today we're going to talkabout Phytophthora root rot.
Phytophthora root rot issomething that you're going to
(01:32):
hear more towards the easternpart of the soybean belt versus
the western.
You know, nebraska, we don'ttalk about it as much.
As you start getting farthereast, it becomes more of an
issue to discuss.
Obviously, it becomes more ofan issue to discuss.
Obviously it's, you know, withmore moist, more saturated soils
that we deal with and we tendto have that a little bit more
farther than east, than the west, unfortunately, from that
(01:53):
standpoint, and we're going totalk how to identify some of the
effective measures to reduceits impact on the soybean crop
and really help some of thethings that we can utilize to
help maximize that soybeanreturn out there that we're
going forward with.
So, Phytophthora root rot if youthink about it.
You know it doesn't get broughtup as much as some other ones,
but it is one of the mainsoybean seedling diseases that
(02:15):
occurs and it occurs in both theroot and the stem.
It occurs both as a root and astem rot and can occur all
season long within that plantand I know we deal with it and
we've got some challenges insome areas.
So, bill, you know what hasbeen your handling of it or
what's been your experience orwhat stories have you have
(02:36):
dealing with Phytophthora rootrot in your neck of the woods.
Speaker 3 (02:38):
Yeah, thanks, jeff.
No, phytophthora root rot whata disease, right.
What one that can impact us allseason long.
And if you really you know, goback way, way back to.
You know when you and I and ourguests first started basically
in the soybean business, youknow seed treatments were really
not a big thing, right?
So we didn't really do that.
We had a lot of seed soybeanseed that went out without seed
treatments and you know, fromthat point in time, phytophthora
(03:02):
root rot actual different genesthemselves.
There wasn't that many soybeanvarieties that had really good
Phytophthora resistance, so alot of things have evolved.
So, going back several years,you know you think about those
first times when you put thosesoybeans out there and you're
walking the fields afteremergence and had that many
times when I first was in theretail business finding these
(03:24):
diseases out there you get thecustomer saying what the heck is
this?
You know I haven't seen thisbefore and you know, especially
in the western part of the statewhere we just talked about how
dry we typically are what'skilling my beans?
Right?
So it could be a whole host ofthings, but definitely you find
Phytophthora being one of themain ones.
You know.
More recently, getting to theeastern part of Iowa.
(03:45):
You know I see quite a bit moreover there as you get closer to
the Quad Cities and north.
I see a lot more there than Ido in the west.
And then you see a little bitas you go more north and get
into southern Minnesota and youget into South Dakota.
I see a little bit there aswell.
So definitely a pest that weare, you know, seeing more of
and there's a lot more questionsaround that going forward.
(04:06):
But you know, glad we have somereally good varieties and
people like our guests here tohelp us out.
Speaker 2 (04:10):
So yeah, no, that's a great point and you know that's
something that we may see inNebraska and, like in the Kansas
area, we may see it in some ofthe a little bit of heavier
clays and some of those areasthat they hold a little bit more
.
But with our lower organicmatter and higher sand contents
that we have, it's somethingthat we don't see.
I mean, we have it, we do seeit, but we don't see it on a
(04:32):
consistent level like they seefarther east in some of the
states from over there.
And then you bring up talkingabout with seed treatments.
I remember working when thefirst seed treatments came out
and I'm like who the heck isgoing to put seed treatment on
soybeans?
I mean, why would we even thinkabout that?
Right and as as a long time agonow, it's, it's it's part of
the, it's part of the standardto to maximize that return on
(04:58):
investment for farmers.
So we always talk about, youknow what are the going to be
the cost or what's the impact.
You know what is the impact of,or I would say, what's the
total impact of Phytoth or rootrot to soybeans to the US
economy, meaning, you know whatkind of losses do we see
potentially every year or fromthat standpoint.
Speaker 3 (05:15):
Yeah, yeah, that's a good question, jeff.
I did have to look this one upas we prepared for the episode
here today and what I foundbasically on the Web basically
is basically listing all thedifferent soybean diseases and
pests that are out there.
But roughly about 17 and a halfmillion bushels basically per
year.
So if you take that time,roughly 10, it's about 170, 171
(05:37):
million dollars.
Basically that it's impactingour overall economy.
So definitely one of the one ofthe top basically pests that
are out there as far as adisease pest that we've got to
attribute.
So with that, you know, to kindof help and I'll ask the same
question to our guest here, davePasternak, and I'll get him
introduced here in a little bit.
But yeah, he's going to help uskind of dig through the
(05:58):
Phytophthora root rot and stemrot, basically understand kind
of what we've got going on herewith that.
But, dave, we'll go ahead andbring Dave in.
Dave grew up on a dairy farm innorthwest Minnesota.
He attended North Dakota StateUniversity, obtained his BS in
agronomy and crop science, hisMS in crop physiology.
So, dave, how's things up?
(06:18):
How did you like North DakotaState?
Didn't they just win some bigfootball game or something?
Speaker 4 (06:25):
Did I see?
That the other day They'veactually been pretty good in
football they were in DivisionII and then they moved into the
kind of tweener division Notquite Division I yet, but no,
they've won quite a fewchampionships over the last few
years, yeah that's pretty cool.
Speaker 3 (06:39):
So then Dave also went to the University of
Minnesota, where he obtained hisPhD.
His dissertation was on thecharacterization and selection
and early nodulation in soybean.
He worked as postdoc at theuniversity minnesota developing
nirs methods to screen for aminoand fatty acids and soybeans.
Then he moved on to universityof illinois studying sudden
(06:59):
death syndrome and soybean.
A few months later, dave movedto the private industry.
He was employed by by LeeMcGrain Soy Genetics in Jenna
and Bear Crab Science beforejoining BASF, and he's on our
team, basically joined us aswell in 2018, but also basically
focused on managing corn andsoybean corn and soybean
breeding stations, soybeanbreeder, product development
(07:19):
manager, product seed specialistfor branded and seed trade,
business product valuationmanager, breeder, seed increase
manager and a seed agronomist.
And now he's got a littledifferent role, dave.
So welcome again to the podcast.
What are you doing now?
Basically on our team?
Speaker 4 (07:34):
I'm Eastern product development manager for BSF, for
Zotavo and the soybean side, sosimilar to other roles I've had
.
Speaker 3 (07:43):
Yeah, you've got quite the intro there.
There's a lot of great stuff.
You've been on your career, soagain glad to have you on the
team.
So again we've invited Dave todiscuss basically Phytophthora.
While he's in Indiana he's gota lot more water than we do in
the West.
So really, why doesPhytophthora occur basically in
that area, Dave, and why do yousee more Phytophthora there?
(08:04):
And really, what isPhytophthora?
Root rot and stem rot?
Speaker 4 (08:07):
Yeah, well, why does it occur here more?
You kind of hit the nail on thehead we get a lot more rain,
plus we've got pretty heavysoils.
I'd say 80% of our soils ineastern Illinois, indiana, ohio,
michigan are leaned towards theclay side, so they hold water
and Phytophthora root rot loveswater.
It's a water loving disease.
(08:28):
Um, you know, it overwinters inthe soil, it's a soil borne
disease and it just needs waterto get the spores started and
then, once it has water, thespores can infect roots, roots
and eventually into the stems.
That's kind of the basicoverview of phytophthora yeah,
yeah, no, that's yeah.
Speaker 2 (08:49):
Um, and that's so.
You know, we were talking aboutover here at the west something
that we don't see as muchphytophthora right over here
west as we do east.
We have a lot more sands in oursoils and dealing with that,
but uh, you know, is there onlyone?
I mean there, is there onesource of phytophthora root rot,
meaning there's one race, or isthere multiple races?
Do we have to have?
You know?
(09:10):
Is soybeans the only host crop?
Does it affect soybeans?
What are some of the backgroundof those?
Speaker 4 (09:15):
Right.
So Phytophthora, you knowthere's gosh, probably thousands
of races of Phytophthora.
There's tons of them.
Northwest Ohio is kind of thehome of phytophthora.
There's tons of them.
Northwest ohio is kind of thehome of phytophthora.
That's where it occurs a lotand where it's most common
northeast indiana due to thewater.
But yeah, there's tons and tonsof races.
(09:35):
Uh, there's a number ofphytophthora genes we've
employed over the years you know, you've probably heard of 1k,
1c, maybe 3a there's probably adozen different phytophthora
genes that have been tried overthe years and they
still work really well.
You know, for control, I'dencourage people, if you have a
phytophthora problem, to includea phytophthora gene, but the
different races are breakingsome of these genes down
(09:58):
Northwest Ohio the 1K genedoesn't work as well anymore, so
we're leaning on specificresistance and phytophthora
tolerance as well for control.
Um, you know, along with withbasic field drainage and then,
as you mentioned, bill seedtreatments are a big, big help.
First, 30 days after you plantyeah, so, so.
Speaker 2 (10:21):
So soybeans the only host with phytophthora.
Do we have other avenues outthere?
Speaker 4 (10:27):
In our care and, you know, in our world corn is not a
host.
Wheat is not a host, none ofthe grasses or alfalfa.
So most of the crops that wegrow are not hosts.
So soybeans are pretty much theonly host, with the.
There's some vegetable cropsand things like that.
So maybe in Michigan you haveto be careful with dried beans
(10:48):
et cetera.
But for the most part in ourcropping world you can rotate
with corn, wheat et cetera.
Yeah.
Speaker 2 (10:56):
One quick question for a follow-up there, then I'll
turn it over to Bill.
What?
How can you tell if you havePhytophthora out there in the
field?
What's it look like?
What do?
How can you tell if you havephytophthora out there in the
field?
What's it look like?
What do you see?
Um?
Do you dig up the plant?
Do you cut it open?
Can you see it from the top ofthe ground?
How do you?
How do you know you havephytophthora or what's?
Speaker 4 (11:13):
the indicator so phytophthora can occur any time,
from the time it startsemerging all the way up until
almost harvest, so it can be thewhole year.
Uh, key trait you need warmweather, so your soil
temperatures need to be maybe 60or above.
It likes it a little bit warmerand you need that heavy
rainfall to get saturated soils.
(11:33):
So if you plant, your beansstart coming up, you get a one
or two-inch rain on them andthen you see plants that just
start to die.
They curl up.
You may see a little shepherdcrook on them.
They'll turn tan and color tendto be in the lower uh dip to the
field wetter areas, and not allplants will die.
They could, um, but that's kindof what the seedlings look like
(11:57):
.
A lot of times you'll have ablack stem and you know, every
other plant or every third plantmight die, but it'll be kind of
circular and, like I said, inthe wetter areas, uh, later on
in the season you can get it at,you know, r3, r4, some of the
reproductive stages and therethe plant, you'll get this black
stem and it'll kind of creep upon the stem and then you'll
(12:20):
also get the typical shepherd'scrook.
It was kind of crook over blackstem and it'll just die.
Okay, uh, not a lot's crook,it'll just kind of crook over
black stamina and it'll just die.
Speaker 3 (12:27):
Not a lot of leaf symptoms, the leaves will just
kind of hang on, okay yeah, justkind of hang on and turn
necrotic and just kind of hangthere, right, yeah, so, yeah,
yeah, yeah, yeah.
So you mentioned basically the1K gene.
Let's start off with fieldtolerance.
So define that.
What does that actually mean?
When I say Phytophthora rootrot field tolerance, what does
(12:49):
that mean?
Speaker 4 (12:50):
Yeah, that's a little harder to explain than true
resistance.
It's multigenic, so there's alot of genes involved and then
it's just the ability of asoybean plant to survive in the
presence of Phytophthora.
So if you've got good tolerance, the Phytophthora will kill the
plant.
It might stunt it.
You'll still get yield out ofit.
(13:11):
You know you're not going tomaximize yield, but you'll still
get some yield out of it and atleast in those low wet areas
you'll get something you won'tget blanked out for no yield.
So it's just the ability of theplant to kind of survive.
The good thing is races don'tovercome it.
It's multigenic, so plants willsurvive and you won't.
Speaker 3 (13:32):
You know, once you have good field tolerance, one
race isn't going to overcome itis one of the first, or what is
the oldest phytophthora gene, uh, that the breeders are using
today.
And then you know when did thatcome to be and where did it
come from, and all that sort ofstuff.
Speaker 4 (13:52):
I'm kind of curious.
Yeah, they've been around sincethe 60s, even, for sure, the
70s 1k, 1a, 1c, they all cameout.
I think iowa state did a lot ofthat, along with Ohio State, so
I think the one something genescame out, you know the A's, c's
and K's, then the 3's came outin the 80's and then also
(14:14):
stacking them together.
That is another method oftrying to control tritopter
being, you know, a 1K, 3a combo.
Speaker 3 (14:21):
Yeah, no, that's kind of my next question, as the
breeders are working harder andharder.
You know, with all yourbackground, you know in breeders
and working with our breeders,you know what are we doing?
Are we finding new genes?
Are we kind of stuck with thesame old stuff?
You know what's going on.
I mean, you talk about stackinggenes.
Are there new genes coming?
You know, is different geneticsa good thing?
(14:41):
So what are some of the thingsfrom the genetic side that's
going to help us combatphytophthora?
Speaker 4 (14:47):
Right, yeah, we've been using the same genes for a
long time.
Like I mentioned, 1a, 1c, 1k,3a, 3b, 3c.
There are other phytophthoragenes out there.
There's quite a few, but theydon't seem to do any.
You know a better job than theones we're currently using seem
to do any.
You know a better job than theones we're currently using and
they're in poor backgrounds.
(15:07):
So you'd have to do a lot ofbreeding work.
So now the focus is more ontolerance and partial resistance
.
You know, having a 1k withreally good tolerance or partial
resistance, that combinationseems to be the best way to go
is there one other question isthere you say multi-races is.
Speaker 3 (15:24):
Is there one race?
Because we get a lot of people,you know, trying to do these
different mapping of theirfields and looking at you know
I've got this specific race outhere.
That's bad.
Is there one race ofPhytophthora that's worse than
another, or are they just allequally bad?
Speaker 4 (15:42):
Oh, I mean, it really depends on the phytophthora
gene you have.
They'll all kill soybeans ifthey don't have a phytophthora
gene.
They're not really a whole lotof difference between the races,
other than their differenteffects depending on what
(16:02):
phytophthora resistant gene youhave.
Speaker 2 (16:09):
So the races will overcome certain ones when they
change to adapt Gotcha, gotcha.
Speaker 3 (16:12):
No that makes sense.
Speaker 2 (16:14):
So, dave, with that being said, so, I'm a farmer,
I'm a retailer out there andknowing that I will likely have
phytophthora root rot in myfields each and every year, you
know, going forward as as aformer retailer, what can I do
to help?
What can I do to help mitigatethe, the issue of the of the
phytophthora root rot in in inthe field or in my operation?
(16:35):
And and what does the future ofphytophthora management really
look like?
Where are we going?
Speaker 4 (16:40):
Brian, there's probably three main things you
can do.
The first thing is culturalJust drain your fields as well
as you can.
I realize tiling is expensivebut it does pay off, especially
out east where you getPhytophthora just about every
year.
If you can tile your fields orat least get good surface
drainage, the key is to keepyour soil a little bit drier.
(17:00):
Second, if you havePhytophthora, definitely use a
seed treatment.
Most of your phytophthoralosses do occur during the first
30 days, so that seed treatmentwill last about 30 days and
that'll help protect your crop alot between drainage and seed
treatment and then lastly, youknow, again, using those 1K
(17:23):
genes, 3a genes, along with goodtolerance.
Those are really the threethings you can use is good
genetics, seed treatment andthen draining fields.
Speaker 3 (17:36):
Yeah, that's good, dave, you're talking about
draining fields.
What are some of the trialsthat you're doing out there in
Indiana to kind of helpunderstand different soybean
varieties, kind of help yourcustomers you know reps and
everybody included understandPhytophthora and the differences
between the soybean varieties.
Speaker 4 (17:55):
Right, so we work on the genetic side.
So, at our Fowler.
We have a research station atFowler, indiana, so there we
plant out all of our varietiesand we actually flood them in a
flooding trial.
We inoculate them withPhytophthora, we'll flood them
and then I'll take tolerancenotes on them.
I'll count the number of plantsthat die for each variety.
I'll also check stunting, andthat gets a little complicated
(18:19):
because it's hard to tell.
Is it due to water stunting?
You know too much water orPhytophthora.
But if you've got a lot of deadplants from phytophthora you
can kind of figure out that it'sprobably phytophthora.
If you don't see any deadplants but a lot of stunting, is
maybe water.
But those two things gotogether.
You know, if you got a lot ofwater in your field, you're
probably going to get stuntingfrom water and from phytophthora
(18:40):
.
Speaker 3 (18:40):
Yeah, yeah, that, yeah, that's pretty crazy and
you think, think back throughthat.
I mean, you know, jeff doesn'thave a lot of water out there,
right, so it's pretty, prettypretty.
Speaker 2 (18:50):
Not on top Not on top , not on top.
Speaker 3 (18:53):
You got a lot of water down below right, you know
.
And when we get into Iowa andwe get into Des Moines, lobe, we
get into some eastern Iowa,some different clay soils.
You get, like I say, intoIllinois and Indiana, you know
you get a lot of differentdrainage.
You know you go back intohistory of you know all the
(19:16):
farmers basically putting tilesin and trying to drain
everything and get these prairiesoils, basically, you know, fit
to braised corn and soybeansbecause they're draining
everything right.
So just a lot of things thathave gone into this point in
time.
But even though we have draineda lot, we still have
phytophthora.
So that's definitely a concern.
Right going forward, is this isalways going to be a pest?
I mean, isn't it, dave?
(19:37):
I mean, is it ever going to goaway?
Speaker 4 (19:40):
I doubt it.
I mean it's going to hangaround forever.
Speaker 1 (19:42):
I mean, you can tile fields.
Speaker 4 (19:43):
I doubt it.
I mean it's going to hangaround forever.
I mean you can drain, you cantile fields, you can do surface
drainage, but especially in claysoils you got to have tiles
that are pretty darn closetogether and even then you still
got wet areas.
You're always going to havelittle pockets in your field, so
I doubt it will ever go away.
We keep improving, you knowgenetics and tolerance and
ability to grow in a wet area,and that's part of why we like
(20:03):
doing the flooding experiment atFowler, because it just helps
improve our genetics from aflooding standpoint or tolerance
standpoint.
Yeah, cool.
Speaker 3 (20:13):
I like that trial.
It was a good trial.
Thanks for doing this.
Speaker 2 (20:15):
Yeah, yeah, it's good information we get from it from
that standpoint.
So, Dave, we're going to wrapit up for the day for this
version of the podcast.
Is there anything, any comments, any areas you want to hit on?
That we didn't touch base.
Speaker 4 (20:33):
Anything you want to add or discuss before we send
you on your way.
Phytophthora-wise, I'm going tokeep continuing to work on it.
You know it's not a make a hugejump at one time.
It's just keep adding gene here, gene there and they have tiny
minor effects, and just keeptrying to improve our water
tolerance and our phytophthoratolerance and the genetics that
(20:56):
we're developing here.
Yeah, I feel pretty good aboutit.
It's looking pretty strong.
Speaker 2 (21:01):
Good, good.
Well, we thank you for thestuff that you do on
Phytophthora, because you giveus a lot of good information
that we utilize and and we wetake it to heart.
So thanks for everything you dofor us and what you're doing
for the farmers and and theretailers and the information
you're providing out there, dave.
So, with that being said, bill,anything to add before we let
let Dave go?
Speaker 3 (21:22):
Yeah, it seems like I always have something, so I do
have one I just thought of.
Speaker 2 (21:25):
You always do have something.
That's true.
Speaker 3 (21:28):
So, hey, dave, you just said water stress and you
got me thinking.
So when we talk about soybeans,we talk about their ability to
handle wet feet.
What is really the differencein that, uh, what, what?
What is really the differencein, I mean what?
(21:48):
What allows a soybean to be, uh, something to handle wet feet
versus, uh, what, what?
You know?
Because, because we get thatquestion a lot, I just got
thinking about that.
I said that question the otherday.
You know what?
What do I put on this?
Uh, heavy, heavy soil, and youknow what?
Why should I put that varietythere versus another one?
So how would you help ourlisteners understand?
When you say wet feet, what doyou mean by what you know?
The ability to handle thatwater stress and wet feet?
Speaker 4 (22:11):
yeah, bill, I thought I was doing pretty good, now
you ask one of the really hardquestions of the day here.
Um, I mean trying to survive wetfeet.
We screen for that at fowlerand other fields.
I don't know if a variety justgrows really good under real
heavy water pressure where it'smuddy a lot and saturated for a
long time, they grow better.
(22:32):
We've had some varieties likethat over the years that just do
better.
But the reasoning behind ithonestly I just don't know.
What gives you better waterstress?
I mean they must have anability to grow with lower
oxygen content would be onething, because obviously if your
soils are saturated you get lowamounts of oxygen and just
(22:52):
ability to have stronger rootsto be able to hang on and get
through that wet.
So I don't know if anybodyactually knows the reason for
that.
Speaker 2 (23:05):
Would it be now I'm going to add on to with bills?
Would it be safe to say, or isit something that you could say
if you have a variety that haslike really good phytophthora
tolerance and has like somereally good brown stem rot
tolerance, and that that thatwould be a bean that would be
able to handle wetter soilsbetter than something that is
average, or is that kind of not?
Speaker 4 (23:25):
really independent disease tolerance and disease
resistance.
And then the ability for rootjust to grow in wet conditions
is they're independent.
Um, you know, one's a bioticright.
I've seen varieties that'llhandle really wet feet and grow
in wet feet, but then they getbad phytophthora.
(23:46):
Yeah, so not one of the same.
You can have really goodphytophthora tolerance with
genes, but be terrible on wetground because it can't handle a
wet feet.
And then the opposite is truetoo.
So that's again why we likedoing that at Fowler, because we
kind of get both it's fieldenvironment.
You just plug them and Perfect.
Speaker 3 (24:09):
Yeah, that's what I was looking for that day.
Thank you for saying that,because I, because I think our
listeners are going to have thatquestion and really want to
understand you know how do Ihandle that, what do I do there.
So, so I like where you wentwith the, the roots.
You know, as we've referred tomany times on our podcast, our
genetics by environment, bymanagement, our G by E, by M
yield triangle.
You know this ties right intothat, ties right into our
(24:42):
overall understanding of how,you know, different genetics
handle different environmentsand different management tactics
.
So a big piece of that puzzle.
So, again, thanks for your time, thanks for that, thanks for
that puzzle.
So, again, thanks for your time, thanks for that, thanks for
that closing and sorry for thecurve ball there at the end.
Speaker 2 (24:56):
So great, great, great questions, bill, great,
great, great finish to that, tothat conversation.
So, Dave, thank you and youhave a great winter.
Speaker 4 (25:06):
All right, thanks Jeff, thanks Bill.
Speaker 2 (25:09):
You bet, so learned a lot.
You know, over here in Nebraska,you know we talk about wet feet
.
You know that's a completelydifferent motto than it is over
in the east and you know wedon't deal with a whole lot of
Phytophthora root rot over herein the Nebraska, kansas type
(25:30):
area.
You know we have some pocketsthat we deal with going through
there.
But, uh, you know what weresome of the, what were some of
the take-home points that you,you garnered from, uh, from Dave
and, and some things that you,you know our listeners that are
listening can, can take homethat are going to help benefit
them, uh, with their soybeanproductions, if, if,
phytophthora root rot is a is aconcern.
Speaker 3 (25:51):
Yeah, yeah, and I guess that's why I got to think
about, I guess why I asked thatquestion at the end there, you
know, wet feet versusPhytophthora, because you really
have two different things goingon here, that.
But a lot of people put them inthe same camp and start
thinking of them differently.
So so you think about thedifferent races that are out
there yeah, there's a wholebunch of them.
You think genes that we've hadand how long we've been breeding
with these same genes.
(26:12):
So so definitely a watch out, Ithink, for us, you know, going
forward, we definitely want tosee more stacked genes basically
being put together to to assistus in combating this disease
and everything we got.
But you know, I like what Davesaid basically the, the cultural
, the seed treatment andbasically genetics.
You know getting that tile outthere, basically that seed
(26:34):
treatment last been protectingit for 30 days and just that.
Genetics, you know reallysorting through the genetics to
understand, uh, what we havegoing on and then, kind of, as
we close there, you know, tounderstand that water stress and
the ability to handle what youknow does not equal, uh, a
really good phytophaghora geneor field tolerance.
You got to understand how theyinteract.
So that's kind of my takeaways.
(26:56):
How about you, jeff?
Speaker 2 (26:57):
Yeah, no, that is good to have that conversation
at that last part, because samething, you know, a lot of people
think I got good phytophthora,it's going to handle my wet feet
well.
I got good brown strema it'sgoing to handle my wet feet well
.
It's just like what I talkabout over here in nebraska.
You know, just because it'sunirrigated doesn't mean it's
under stress, because we havesomething called heat stress,
right, that even though it haswater, we get the heat stress
(27:19):
that we deal with.
So that was interesting to knowfrom there.
Um, we don't have a whole lot oftiling that goes on here in
nebraska or kansas, but thereality of it is is what we've
talked about.
And the advent out of seedtreatments is still one of the
best returns on investment anyproducer can have, and seed
treatments is going to be atopic that we're going to be
covering before, before theplanting season also.
(27:40):
But again, having that and thenjust having a good seed
treatment out there and having avariety that has some tolerance
to it, and then I really tookhome that you know.
Going forward, you know,basically we're going to be
looking at partial resistance ortolerance is probably the route
that we're going to be lookingat going forward from there.
So a combination of that withthat seed treatment is really
going to be your bestpreventative measure against
(28:00):
Phytophthora root rot and helpmaximize that yield potential
and that return investment outthere.
So, that being said, bill, Ithink we're going to close it
out for today.
So thank you for joining me andthanks to everybody else who
joined us today.
On Spilling the Beans, weinvite you to download the Grow
Smart Live app for moreresources and share this podcast
with other growers.
And again, for myself and Bill,we want to thank you and have a
(28:22):
make it a great day.
Speaker 1 (28:26):
Thanks for joining us on Spilling the Beans, where
every episode gets you one stepcloser to maximizing your
soybean profitability.
Gets you one step closer tomaximizing your soybean
profitability.
If you found today's insightsvaluable, subscribe and leave us
a review on your favoritepodcast platform, download the
Grow Smart Live app for moreresources and share the podcast
with other growers.
See you next week with moreexpert tips to help you grow
smarter and achieve the bestyields yet.
(28:49):
Hemisphere Liberty Outlook.
Zidua, zidua, pro, ponchavo,tevo, endura, revotech, fasttac,
elevo, vault-tite, rilenia,reaxor, liberty Ultra and Raxor
are trademarks or registeredtrademarks of BASF.
Citabo is a registeredtrademark of MS Technologies and
is exclusively marketed by BASF.
Fasttac CS is a restricted-usepesticide.
Enlist C3 is jointly developedand owned by Corteva AgriScience
(29:11):
LLC and MS Technologies, andList 1 and List 2 are registered
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Always read and follow labeldirections.
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Any sale of this product afterregistration is obtained shall
(29:46):
be based solely on theEPA-approved product label and
any.
Thank you.
Welcome to Spilling the Beans, the podcast that
spills the secrets to unlockingyour soybean farm's full
potential.
Every Tuesday, your hosts, billBackus and Jeff Mueller, dive
into expert strategies andinnovative solutions that will
help you boost your yields andmaximize your returns.
Whether you're a seasonedgrower or new to soybean farming
, we're here to help you succeed.
Let's get started.
Speaker 2 (00:24):
Hello and welcome to another episode of Spilling the
Beans.
I'm Jeff Mueller and I'm BillBackus, and thanks again for
joining us as we dive into theworld of soybeans, covering
various topics and providinginsights to the soybean industry
.
Bill, how are you doing today?
Speaker 3 (00:40):
I'm doing pretty good , pretty good, definitely
enjoying a little Januaryweather here in Iowa, so it
can't get much better.
I always wonder why in heck Ilive here and then it comes
around January and I rememberwhy.
Speaker 2 (00:51):
Yeah, yeah, I know what you mean.
A lot of people say they don'twant to have the seasons, but I
kind of enjoy the seasons alittle bit.
I don't enjoy scooping snow,but I do have a high schooler
that can take care of that now,so I enjoy it a little bit more
than I used to a few years ago.
So well, today we're going tohit on another episode of
talking about maybe one of themore specific topics about
(01:12):
soybeans, something that canhave an effect on soybeans and
cause some yield losses, andwe're going to talk to one of
our experts from the team anddiscuss you know what we're
talking about how we can helpprevent it and how we can help
farmers work around the problemand we're going forward with.
So today we're going to talkabout Phytophthora root rot.
Phytophthora root rot issomething that you're going to
(01:32):
hear more towards the easternpart of the soybean belt versus
the western.
You know, nebraska, we don'ttalk about it as much.
As you start getting farthereast, it becomes more of an
issue to discuss.
Obviously, it becomes more ofan issue to discuss.
Obviously it's, you know, withmore moist, more saturated soils
that we deal with and we tendto have that a little bit more
farther than east, than the west, unfortunately, from that
(01:53):
standpoint, and we're going totalk how to identify some of the
effective measures to reduceits impact on the soybean crop
and really help some of thethings that we can utilize to
help maximize that soybeanreturn out there that we're
going forward with.
So, Phytophthora root rot if youthink about it.
You know it doesn't get broughtup as much as some other ones,
but it is one of the mainsoybean seedling diseases that
(02:15):
occurs and it occurs in both theroot and the stem.
It occurs both as a root and astem rot and can occur all
season long within that plantand I know we deal with it and
we've got some challenges insome areas.
So, bill, you know what hasbeen your handling of it or
what's been your experience orwhat stories have you have
(02:36):
dealing with Phytophthora rootrot in your neck of the woods.
Speaker 3 (02:38):
Yeah, thanks, jeff.
No, phytophthora root rot whata disease, right.
What one that can impact us allseason long.
And if you really you know, goback way, way back to.
You know when you and I and ourguests first started basically
in the soybean business, youknow seed treatments were really
not a big thing, right?
So we didn't really do that.
We had a lot of seed soybeanseed that went out without seed
treatments and you know, fromthat point in time, phytophthora
(03:02):
root rot actual different genesthemselves.
There wasn't that many soybeanvarieties that had really good
Phytophthora resistance, so alot of things have evolved.
So, going back several years,you know you think about those
first times when you put thosesoybeans out there and you're
walking the fields afteremergence and had that many
times when I first was in theretail business finding these
(03:24):
diseases out there you get thecustomer saying what the heck is
this?
You know I haven't seen thisbefore and you know, especially
in the western part of the statewhere we just talked about how
dry we typically are what'skilling my beans?
Right?
So it could be a whole host ofthings, but definitely you find
Phytophthora being one of themain ones.
You know.
More recently, getting to theeastern part of Iowa.
(03:45):
You know I see quite a bit moreover there as you get closer to
the Quad Cities and north.
I see a lot more there than Ido in the west.
And then you see a little bitas you go more north and get
into southern Minnesota and youget into South Dakota.
I see a little bit there aswell.
So definitely a pest that weare, you know, seeing more of
and there's a lot more questionsaround that going forward.
(04:06):
But you know, glad we have somereally good varieties and
people like our guests here tohelp us out.
Speaker 2 (04:10):
So yeah, no, that's a great point and you know that's
something that we may see inNebraska and, like in the Kansas
area, we may see it in some ofthe a little bit of heavier
clays and some of those areasthat they hold a little bit more
.
But with our lower organicmatter and higher sand contents
that we have, it's somethingthat we don't see.
I mean, we have it, we do seeit, but we don't see it on a
(04:32):
consistent level like they seefarther east in some of the
states from over there.
And then you bring up talkingabout with seed treatments.
I remember working when thefirst seed treatments came out
and I'm like who the heck isgoing to put seed treatment on
soybeans?
I mean, why would we even thinkabout that?
Right and as as a long time agonow, it's, it's it's part of
the, it's part of the standardto to maximize that return on
(04:58):
investment for farmers.
So we always talk about, youknow what are the going to be
the cost or what's the impact.
You know what is the impact of,or I would say, what's the
total impact of Phytoth or rootrot to soybeans to the US
economy, meaning, you know whatkind of losses do we see
potentially every year or fromthat standpoint.
Speaker 3 (05:15):
Yeah, yeah, that's a good question, jeff.
I did have to look this one upas we prepared for the episode
here today and what I foundbasically on the Web basically
is basically listing all thedifferent soybean diseases and
pests that are out there.
But roughly about 17 and a halfmillion bushels basically per
year.
So if you take that time,roughly 10, it's about 170, 171
(05:37):
million dollars.
Basically that it's impactingour overall economy.
So definitely one of the one ofthe top basically pests that
are out there as far as adisease pest that we've got to
attribute.
So with that, you know, to kindof help and I'll ask the same
question to our guest here, davePasternak, and I'll get him
introduced here in a little bit.
But yeah, he's going to help uskind of dig through the
(05:58):
Phytophthora root rot and stemrot, basically understand kind
of what we've got going on herewith that.
But, dave, we'll go ahead andbring Dave in.
Dave grew up on a dairy farm innorthwest Minnesota.
He attended North Dakota StateUniversity, obtained his BS in
agronomy and crop science, hisMS in crop physiology.
So, dave, how's things up?
(06:18):
How did you like North DakotaState?
Didn't they just win some bigfootball game or something?
Speaker 4 (06:25):
Did I see?
That the other day They'veactually been pretty good in
football they were in DivisionII and then they moved into the
kind of tweener division Notquite Division I yet, but no,
they've won quite a fewchampionships over the last few
years, yeah that's pretty cool.
Speaker 3 (06:39):
So then Dave also went to the University of
Minnesota, where he obtained hisPhD.
His dissertation was on thecharacterization and selection
and early nodulation in soybean.
He worked as postdoc at theuniversity minnesota developing
nirs methods to screen for aminoand fatty acids and soybeans.
Then he moved on to universityof illinois studying sudden
(06:59):
death syndrome and soybean.
A few months later, dave movedto the private industry.
He was employed by by LeeMcGrain Soy Genetics in Jenna
and Bear Crab Science beforejoining BASF, and he's on our
team, basically joined us aswell in 2018, but also basically
focused on managing corn andsoybean corn and soybean
breeding stations, soybeanbreeder, product development
(07:19):
manager, product seed specialistfor branded and seed trade,
business product valuationmanager, breeder, seed increase
manager and a seed agronomist.
And now he's got a littledifferent role, dave.
So welcome again to the podcast.
What are you doing now?
Basically on our team?
Speaker 4 (07:34):
I'm Eastern product development manager for BSF, for
Zotavo and the soybean side, sosimilar to other roles I've had
.
Speaker 3 (07:43):
Yeah, you've got quite the intro there.
There's a lot of great stuff.
You've been on your career, soagain glad to have you on the
team.
So again we've invited Dave todiscuss basically Phytophthora.
While he's in Indiana he's gota lot more water than we do in
the West.
So really, why doesPhytophthora occur basically in
that area, Dave, and why do yousee more Phytophthora there?
(08:04):
And really, what isPhytophthora?
Root rot and stem rot?
Speaker 4 (08:07):
Yeah, well, why does it occur here more?
You kind of hit the nail on thehead we get a lot more rain,
plus we've got pretty heavysoils.
I'd say 80% of our soils ineastern Illinois, indiana, ohio,
michigan are leaned towards theclay side, so they hold water
and Phytophthora root rot loveswater.
It's a water loving disease.
(08:28):
Um, you know, it overwinters inthe soil, it's a soil borne
disease and it just needs waterto get the spores started and
then, once it has water, thespores can infect roots, roots
and eventually into the stems.
That's kind of the basicoverview of phytophthora yeah,
yeah, no, that's yeah.
Speaker 2 (08:49):
Um, and that's so.
You know, we were talking aboutover here at the west something
that we don't see as muchphytophthora right over here
west as we do east.
We have a lot more sands in oursoils and dealing with that,
but uh, you know, is there onlyone?
I mean there, is there onesource of phytophthora root rot,
meaning there's one race, or isthere multiple races?
Do we have to have?
You know?
(09:10):
Is soybeans the only host crop?
Does it affect soybeans?
What are some of the backgroundof those?
Speaker 4 (09:15):
Right.
So Phytophthora, you knowthere's gosh, probably thousands
of races of Phytophthora.
There's tons of them.
Northwest Ohio is kind of thehome of phytophthora.
There's tons of them.
Northwest ohio is kind of thehome of phytophthora.
That's where it occurs a lotand where it's most common
northeast indiana due to thewater.
But yeah, there's tons and tonsof races.
(09:35):
Uh, there's a number ofphytophthora genes we've
employed over the years you know, you've probably heard of 1k,
1c, maybe 3a there's probably adozen different phytophthora
genes that have been tried overthe years and they
still work really well.
You know, for control, I'dencourage people, if you have a
phytophthora problem, to includea phytophthora gene, but the
different races are breakingsome of these genes down
(09:58):
Northwest Ohio the 1K genedoesn't work as well anymore, so
we're leaning on specificresistance and phytophthora
tolerance as well for control.
Um, you know, along with withbasic field drainage and then,
as you mentioned, bill seedtreatments are a big, big help.
First, 30 days after you plantyeah, so, so.
Speaker 2 (10:21):
So soybeans the only host with phytophthora.
Do we have other avenues outthere?
Speaker 4 (10:27):
In our care and, you know, in our world corn is not a
host.
Wheat is not a host, none ofthe grasses or alfalfa.
So most of the crops that wegrow are not hosts.
So soybeans are pretty much theonly host, with the.
There's some vegetable cropsand things like that.
So maybe in Michigan you haveto be careful with dried beans
(10:48):
et cetera.
But for the most part in ourcropping world you can rotate
with corn, wheat et cetera.
Yeah.
Speaker 2 (10:56):
One quick question for a follow-up there, then I'll
turn it over to Bill.
What?
How can you tell if you havePhytophthora out there in the
field?
What's it look like?
What do?
How can you tell if you havephytophthora out there in the
field?
What's it look like?
What do you see?
Um?
Do you dig up the plant?
Do you cut it open?
Can you see it from the top ofthe ground?
How do you?
How do you know you havephytophthora or what's?
Speaker 4 (11:13):
the indicator so phytophthora can occur any time,
from the time it startsemerging all the way up until
almost harvest, so it can be thewhole year.
Uh, key trait you need warmweather, so your soil
temperatures need to be maybe 60or above.
It likes it a little bit warmerand you need that heavy
rainfall to get saturated soils.
(11:33):
So if you plant, your beansstart coming up, you get a one
or two-inch rain on them andthen you see plants that just
start to die.
They curl up.
You may see a little shepherdcrook on them.
They'll turn tan and color tendto be in the lower uh dip to the
field wetter areas, and not allplants will die.
They could, um, but that's kindof what the seedlings look like
(11:57):
.
A lot of times you'll have ablack stem and you know, every
other plant or every third plantmight die, but it'll be kind of
circular and, like I said, inthe wetter areas, uh, later on
in the season you can get it at,you know, r3, r4, some of the
reproductive stages and therethe plant, you'll get this black
stem and it'll kind of creep upon the stem and then you'll
(12:20):
also get the typical shepherd'scrook.
It was kind of crook over blackstem and it'll just die.
Okay, uh, not a lot's crook,it'll just kind of crook over
black stamina and it'll just die.
Speaker 3 (12:27):
Not a lot of leaf symptoms, the leaves will just
kind of hang on, okay yeah, justkind of hang on and turn
necrotic and just kind of hangthere, right, yeah, so, yeah,
yeah, yeah, yeah.
So you mentioned basically the1K gene.
Let's start off with fieldtolerance.
So define that.
What does that actually mean?
When I say Phytophthora rootrot field tolerance, what does
(12:49):
that mean?
Speaker 4 (12:50):
Yeah, that's a little harder to explain than true
resistance.
It's multigenic, so there's alot of genes involved and then
it's just the ability of asoybean plant to survive in the
presence of Phytophthora.
So if you've got good tolerance, the Phytophthora will kill the
plant.
It might stunt it.
You'll still get yield out ofit.
(13:11):
You know you're not going tomaximize yield, but you'll still
get some yield out of it and atleast in those low wet areas
you'll get something you won'tget blanked out for no yield.
So it's just the ability of theplant to kind of survive.
The good thing is races don'tovercome it.
It's multigenic, so plants willsurvive and you won't.
Speaker 3 (13:32):
You know, once you have good field tolerance, one
race isn't going to overcome itis one of the first, or what is
the oldest phytophthora gene, uh, that the breeders are using
today.
And then you know when did thatcome to be and where did it
come from, and all that sort ofstuff.
Speaker 4 (13:52):
I'm kind of curious.
Yeah, they've been around sincethe 60s, even, for sure, the
70s 1k, 1a, 1c, they all cameout.
I think iowa state did a lot ofthat, along with Ohio State, so
I think the one something genescame out, you know the A's, c's
and K's, then the 3's came outin the 80's and then also
(14:14):
stacking them together.
That is another method oftrying to control tritopter
being, you know, a 1K, 3a combo.
Speaker 3 (14:21):
Yeah, no, that's kind of my next question, as the
breeders are working harder andharder.
You know, with all yourbackground, you know in breeders
and working with our breeders,you know what are we doing?
Are we finding new genes?
Are we kind of stuck with thesame old stuff?
You know what's going on.
I mean, you talk about stackinggenes.
Are there new genes coming?
You know, is different geneticsa good thing?
(14:41):
So what are some of the thingsfrom the genetic side that's
going to help us combatphytophthora?
Speaker 4 (14:47):
Right, yeah, we've been using the same genes for a
long time.
Like I mentioned, 1a, 1c, 1k,3a, 3b, 3c.
There are other phytophthoragenes out there.
There's quite a few, but theydon't seem to do any.
You know a better job than theones we're currently using seem
to do any.
You know a better job than theones we're currently using and
they're in poor backgrounds.
(15:07):
So you'd have to do a lot ofbreeding work.
So now the focus is more ontolerance and partial resistance
.
You know, having a 1k withreally good tolerance or partial
resistance, that combinationseems to be the best way to go
is there one other question isthere you say multi-races is.
Speaker 3 (15:24):
Is there one race?
Because we get a lot of people,you know, trying to do these
different mapping of theirfields and looking at you know
I've got this specific race outhere.
That's bad.
Is there one race ofPhytophthora that's worse than
another, or are they just allequally bad?
Speaker 4 (15:42):
Oh, I mean, it really depends on the phytophthora
gene you have.
They'll all kill soybeans ifthey don't have a phytophthora
gene.
They're not really a whole lotof difference between the races,
other than their differenteffects depending on what
(16:02):
phytophthora resistant gene youhave.
Speaker 2 (16:09):
So the races will overcome certain ones when they
change to adapt Gotcha, gotcha.
Speaker 3 (16:12):
No that makes sense.
Speaker 2 (16:14):
So, dave, with that being said, so, I'm a farmer,
I'm a retailer out there andknowing that I will likely have
phytophthora root rot in myfields each and every year, you
know, going forward as as aformer retailer, what can I do
to help?
What can I do to help mitigatethe, the issue of the of the
phytophthora root rot in in inthe field or in my operation?
(16:35):
And and what does the future ofphytophthora management really
look like?
Where are we going?
Speaker 4 (16:40):
Brian, there's probably three main things you
can do.
The first thing is culturalJust drain your fields as well
as you can.
I realize tiling is expensivebut it does pay off, especially
out east where you getPhytophthora just about every
year.
If you can tile your fields orat least get good surface
drainage, the key is to keepyour soil a little bit drier.
(17:00):
Second, if you havePhytophthora, definitely use a
seed treatment.
Most of your phytophthoralosses do occur during the first
30 days, so that seed treatmentwill last about 30 days and
that'll help protect your crop alot between drainage and seed
treatment and then lastly, youknow, again, using those 1K
(17:23):
genes, 3a genes, along with goodtolerance.
Those are really the threethings you can use is good
genetics, seed treatment andthen draining fields.
Speaker 3 (17:36):
Yeah, that's good, dave, you're talking about
draining fields.
What are some of the trialsthat you're doing out there in
Indiana to kind of helpunderstand different soybean
varieties, kind of help yourcustomers you know reps and
everybody included understandPhytophthora and the differences
between the soybean varieties.
Speaker 4 (17:55):
Right, so we work on the genetic side.
So, at our Fowler.
We have a research station atFowler, indiana, so there we
plant out all of our varietiesand we actually flood them in a
flooding trial.
We inoculate them withPhytophthora, we'll flood them
and then I'll take tolerancenotes on them.
I'll count the number of plantsthat die for each variety.
I'll also check stunting, andthat gets a little complicated
(18:19):
because it's hard to tell.
Is it due to water stunting?
You know too much water orPhytophthora.
But if you've got a lot of deadplants from phytophthora you
can kind of figure out that it'sprobably phytophthora.
If you don't see any deadplants but a lot of stunting, is
maybe water.
But those two things gotogether.
You know, if you got a lot ofwater in your field, you're
probably going to get stuntingfrom water and from phytophthora
(18:40):
.
Speaker 3 (18:40):
Yeah, yeah, that, yeah, that's pretty crazy and
you think, think back throughthat.
I mean, you know, jeff doesn'thave a lot of water out there,
right, so it's pretty, prettypretty.
Speaker 2 (18:50):
Not on top Not on top , not on top.
Speaker 3 (18:53):
You got a lot of water down below right, you know
.
And when we get into Iowa andwe get into Des Moines, lobe, we
get into some eastern Iowa,some different clay soils.
You get, like I say, intoIllinois and Indiana, you know
you get a lot of differentdrainage.
You know you go back intohistory of you know all the
(19:16):
farmers basically putting tilesin and trying to drain
everything and get these prairiesoils, basically, you know, fit
to braised corn and soybeansbecause they're draining
everything right.
So just a lot of things thathave gone into this point in
time.
But even though we have draineda lot, we still have
phytophthora.
So that's definitely a concern.
Right going forward, is this isalways going to be a pest?
I mean, isn't it, dave?
(19:37):
I mean, is it ever going to goaway?
Speaker 4 (19:40):
I doubt it.
I mean it's going to hangaround forever.
Speaker 1 (19:42):
I mean, you can tile fields.
Speaker 4 (19:43):
I doubt it.
I mean it's going to hangaround forever.
I mean you can drain, you cantile fields, you can do surface
drainage, but especially in claysoils you got to have tiles
that are pretty darn closetogether and even then you still
got wet areas.
You're always going to havelittle pockets in your field, so
I doubt it will ever go away.
We keep improving, you knowgenetics and tolerance and
ability to grow in a wet area,and that's part of why we like
(20:03):
doing the flooding experiment atFowler, because it just helps
improve our genetics from aflooding standpoint or tolerance
standpoint.
Yeah, cool.
Speaker 3 (20:13):
I like that trial.
It was a good trial.
Thanks for doing this.
Speaker 2 (20:15):
Yeah, yeah, it's good information we get from it from
that standpoint.
So, Dave, we're going to wrapit up for the day for this
version of the podcast.
Is there anything, any comments, any areas you want to hit on?
That we didn't touch base.
Speaker 4 (20:33):
Anything you want to add or discuss before we send
you on your way.
Phytophthora-wise, I'm going tokeep continuing to work on it.
You know it's not a make a hugejump at one time.
It's just keep adding gene here, gene there and they have tiny
minor effects, and just keeptrying to improve our water
tolerance and our phytophthoratolerance and the genetics that
(20:56):
we're developing here.
Yeah, I feel pretty good aboutit.
It's looking pretty strong.
Speaker 2 (21:01):
Good, good.
Well, we thank you for thestuff that you do on
Phytophthora, because you giveus a lot of good information
that we utilize and and we wetake it to heart.
So thanks for everything you dofor us and what you're doing
for the farmers and and theretailers and the information
you're providing out there, dave.
So, with that being said, bill,anything to add before we let
let Dave go?
Speaker 3 (21:22):
Yeah, it seems like I always have something, so I do
have one I just thought of.
Speaker 2 (21:25):
You always do have something.
That's true.
Speaker 3 (21:28):
So, hey, dave, you just said water stress and you
got me thinking.
So when we talk about soybeans,we talk about their ability to
handle wet feet.
What is really the differencein that, uh, what, what?
What is really the differencein, I mean what?
(21:48):
What allows a soybean to be, uh, something to handle wet feet
versus, uh, what, what?
You know?
Because, because we get thatquestion a lot, I just got
thinking about that.
I said that question the otherday.
You know what?
What do I put on this?
Uh, heavy, heavy soil, and youknow what?
Why should I put that varietythere versus another one?
So how would you help ourlisteners understand?
When you say wet feet, what doyou mean by what you know?
The ability to handle thatwater stress and wet feet?
Speaker 4 (22:11):
yeah, bill, I thought I was doing pretty good, now
you ask one of the really hardquestions of the day here.
Um, I mean trying to survive wetfeet.
We screen for that at fowlerand other fields.
I don't know if a variety justgrows really good under real
heavy water pressure where it'smuddy a lot and saturated for a
long time, they grow better.
(22:32):
We've had some varieties likethat over the years that just do
better.
But the reasoning behind ithonestly I just don't know.
What gives you better waterstress?
I mean they must have anability to grow with lower
oxygen content would be onething, because obviously if your
soils are saturated you get lowamounts of oxygen and just
(22:52):
ability to have stronger rootsto be able to hang on and get
through that wet.
So I don't know if anybodyactually knows the reason for
that.
Speaker 2 (23:05):
Would it be now I'm going to add on to with bills?
Would it be safe to say, or isit something that you could say
if you have a variety that haslike really good phytophthora
tolerance and has like somereally good brown stem rot
tolerance, and that that thatwould be a bean that would be
able to handle wetter soilsbetter than something that is
average, or is that kind of not?
Speaker 4 (23:25):
really independent disease tolerance and disease
resistance.
And then the ability for rootjust to grow in wet conditions
is they're independent.
Um, you know, one's a bioticright.
I've seen varieties that'llhandle really wet feet and grow
in wet feet, but then they getbad phytophthora.
(23:46):
Yeah, so not one of the same.
You can have really goodphytophthora tolerance with
genes, but be terrible on wetground because it can't handle a
wet feet.
And then the opposite is truetoo.
So that's again why we likedoing that at Fowler, because we
kind of get both it's fieldenvironment.
You just plug them and Perfect.
Speaker 3 (24:09):
Yeah, that's what I was looking for that day.
Thank you for saying that,because I, because I think our
listeners are going to have thatquestion and really want to
understand you know how do Ihandle that, what do I do there.
So, so I like where you wentwith the, the roots.
You know, as we've referred tomany times on our podcast, our
genetics by environment, bymanagement, our G by E, by M
yield triangle.
You know this ties right intothat, ties right into our
(24:42):
overall understanding of how,you know, different genetics
handle different environmentsand different management tactics
.
So a big piece of that puzzle.
So, again, thanks for your time, thanks for that, thanks for
that puzzle.
So, again, thanks for your time, thanks for that, thanks for
that closing and sorry for thecurve ball there at the end.
Speaker 2 (24:56):
So great, great, great questions, bill, great,
great, great finish to that, tothat conversation.
So, Dave, thank you and youhave a great winter.
Speaker 4 (25:06):
All right, thanks Jeff, thanks Bill.
Speaker 2 (25:09):
You bet, so learned a lot.
You know, over here in Nebraska,you know we talk about wet feet
.
You know that's a completelydifferent motto than it is over
in the east and you know wedon't deal with a whole lot of
Phytophthora root rot over herein the Nebraska, kansas type
(25:30):
area.
You know we have some pocketsthat we deal with going through
there.
But, uh, you know what weresome of the, what were some of
the take-home points that you,you garnered from, uh, from Dave
and, and some things that you,you know our listeners that are
listening can, can take homethat are going to help benefit
them, uh, with their soybeanproductions, if, if,
phytophthora root rot is a is aconcern.
Speaker 3 (25:51):
Yeah, yeah, and I guess that's why I got to think
about, I guess why I asked thatquestion at the end there, you
know, wet feet versusPhytophthora, because you really
have two different things goingon here, that.
But a lot of people put them inthe same camp and start
thinking of them differently.
So so you think about thedifferent races that are out
there yeah, there's a wholebunch of them.
You think genes that we've hadand how long we've been breeding
with these same genes.
(26:12):
So so definitely a watch out, Ithink, for us, you know, going
forward, we definitely want tosee more stacked genes basically
being put together to to assistus in combating this disease
and everything we got.
But you know, I like what Davesaid basically the, the cultural
, the seed treatment andbasically genetics.
You know getting that tile outthere, basically that seed
(26:34):
treatment last been protectingit for 30 days and just that.
Genetics, you know reallysorting through the genetics to
understand, uh, what we havegoing on and then, kind of, as
we close there, you know, tounderstand that water stress and
the ability to handle what youknow does not equal, uh, a
really good phytophaghora geneor field tolerance.
You got to understand how theyinteract.
So that's kind of my takeaways.
(26:56):
How about you, jeff?
Speaker 2 (26:57):
Yeah, no, that is good to have that conversation
at that last part, because samething, you know, a lot of people
think I got good phytophthora,it's going to handle my wet feet
well.
I got good brown strema it'sgoing to handle my wet feet well
.
It's just like what I talkabout over here in nebraska.
You know, just because it'sunirrigated doesn't mean it's
under stress, because we havesomething called heat stress,
right, that even though it haswater, we get the heat stress
(27:19):
that we deal with.
So that was interesting to knowfrom there.
Um, we don't have a whole lot oftiling that goes on here in
nebraska or kansas, but thereality of it is is what we've
talked about.
And the advent out of seedtreatments is still one of the
best returns on investment anyproducer can have, and seed
treatments is going to be atopic that we're going to be
covering before, before theplanting season also.
(27:40):
But again, having that and thenjust having a good seed
treatment out there and having avariety that has some tolerance
to it, and then I really tookhome that you know.
Going forward, you know,basically we're going to be
looking at partial resistance ortolerance is probably the route
that we're going to be lookingat going forward from there.
So a combination of that withthat seed treatment is really
going to be your bestpreventative measure against
(28:00):
Phytophthora root rot and helpmaximize that yield potential
and that return investment outthere.
So, that being said, bill, Ithink we're going to close it
out for today.
So thank you for joining me andthanks to everybody else who
joined us today.
On Spilling the Beans, weinvite you to download the Grow
Smart Live app for moreresources and share this podcast
with other growers.
And again, for myself and Bill,we want to thank you and have a
(28:22):
make it a great day.
Speaker 1 (28:26):
Thanks for joining us on Spilling the Beans, where
every episode gets you one stepcloser to maximizing your
soybean profitability.
Gets you one step closer tomaximizing your soybean
profitability.
If you found today's insightsvaluable, subscribe and leave us
a review on your favoritepodcast platform, download the
Grow Smart Live app for moreresources and share the podcast
with other growers.
See you next week with moreexpert tips to help you grow
smarter and achieve the bestyields yet.
(28:49):
Hemisphere Liberty Outlook.
Zidua, zidua, pro, ponchavo,tevo, endura, revotech, fasttac,
elevo, vault-tite, rilenia,reaxor, liberty Ultra and Raxor
are trademarks or registeredtrademarks of BASF.
Citabo is a registeredtrademark of MS Technologies and
is exclusively marketed by BASF.
Fasttac CS is a restricted-usepesticide.
Enlist C3 is jointly developedand owned by Corteva AgriScience
(29:11):
LLC and MS Technologies, andList 1 and List 2 are registered
trademarks of CortevaAgriScience.
Always read and follow labeldirections.
Nemisphere, liberty Ultra andVaraxor are not registered and
not available for sale.
This information is providedfor educational purposes only
and is not intended to promotethe sale of this product.
Any sale of this product afterregistration is obtained shall
(29:46):
be based solely on theEPA-approved product label and
any.
Thank you.
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