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September 15, 2023 15 mins
For most of history, the Dutch have been an almost all-powerful force to be reckoned with. They were the forerunners for a lot of the world's exploration, and for a long time dominated the seas and trade routes through the stranglehold of the Dutch East India Company.

In the preceding century, they were still under Spanish rule, with 2 of their kings, Charles the Fifth and his Son Phillip II, simultaneously ruling as the kings of Spain and the so-called Low Countries of The Netherlands.

But the Dutch weren’t having any of this for long and at the first sign of mismanagement, made their feelings known.

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Episode Transcript

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(00:00):
The Dutch have for most of historybeen an almost all powerful force to be
reckoned with. They were the forerunnersfor a lot of the world's exploration,
and for a long time dominated theseas and the trade routes through the stranglehold
of the Dutch East India Company.Back home in what is to day known
as the Netherlands, was a powerfulmonarchy ruling over the Dutch Republic. In

(00:21):
the sixteen hundreds, they were stillconsidered to be a fairly new power,
but were ruled by the now infamousHabsburg family, who made the Habsburg Chin
famous. And if you're not showquite what I'm referring to, please do
go and google it. In thepreceding century, they were still under Spanish
rule, with two of their kings, Charles the fifth and his son Philip
the Second, simultaneously ruling as theKings of Spain as well as the so

(00:44):
called low countries of the Netherlands.But the Dutch weren't having any of this
for long, and at the firstsign of mismanagement made their feelings known.
These are the bizarre but true storiesfrom history and in some way involved food.

(01:07):
I'm Nick Charlie Key, and thisin the fantastic history of food.
In the fifteen sixties, the Spanishrulers began imposing hefty taxes on the Dutch

(01:32):
provinces of Holland and Zeeland, whichwas bad enough, but when they began
incorporating religious oppression into the mix aswell, that's when general unrest in the
population turned into a full blown revoltagainst the Spanish monarchy. The revolt was
spearheaded by the most powerful family amongstthe Dutch aristocrats, who would eventually become
the inspiration for the color of theircountry's iconic sporting outfits, the House of

(01:55):
Orange. This family was immensely wealthyand immensely powerful, holding significant swaths of
land across both their own nation aswell as France. This initial revolt would
mark the beginning of eighty years ofon again, off again fighting as the
Dutch War of Independence raged onwards.Eventually, the Spanish monarchy, battling to
stay afloat maintaining all of their globalcolonies, accepted defeat and officially acknowledge the

(02:20):
birth of the Dutch Republic as anindependent state in sixteen forty eight. Now,
as with any newly independent nation,there is a power vacuum that exists
into which hordes of power hungry individualsrush headlong, hoping at the end of
it all to have come out ontop. This high level power grabbing and
in fighting would coincide with a majorshift in economic power across Europe, which

(02:43):
in turn began to elevate the powerand status of wealthy merchants. Trade and
industry had begun to move away fromthe Mediterranean as its centralized hub, and
more towards the North Atlantic, whichmade Amsterdam perfectly situated to capitalize. Within
a decade or to Amsterdam would becomea major financial and mercantile powerhouse. This

(03:05):
was the beginning of the Dutch GoldenAge, which even now was still most
despearheaded by the House of Orange.But times were rapidly changing, and as
the Republic began to settle into itsown rhythms, factions within the new ideas
of how the country should be runwere popping up left and right. One
of these factions was led by apair of brothers known as Johann and Cornelius
de Witt. They were the figureheadsrepresenting a conglomerate of lesser Dutch nobles and

(03:30):
wealthy merchants who independently could not hopeto challenge the House of Orange, but
collectively stood more of a chance asthey hoped to adopt more of a republican
model of government. Just two yearsafter gaining their independence from Spain, it
seemed that this faction was largely succeedingin their efforts, as power began to
decentralize to minor nobles and merchant companiesacross the land. Just three years later

(03:54):
and Johan de Witt was granted thetitle of Dutch Grand Pensionary, which,
for all intents and purposes, waswhat we would nowadays consider to be equivalent
to a prime minister. Now,if you've read the title of this episode,
you'll be keenly aware that this mandoesn't yet know that this isn't the
big break he'd been hoping for.For the first few years, things were

(04:15):
going rather well, and the DutchRepublic was dominating European and colonial trade across
the globe, with a lot ofthat success owed to the might of the
Dutch East India Company. Amsterdam,Rotterdam and Dordrecht blossomed as enormous wealth flooded
into these cities. But as thefamous saying goes nothing, gold can stay,
and their new found wealth and influencesimply could not last forever. History

(04:39):
repeatedly shows us the truth of tallpoppy syndrome. As soon as one nation
begins to edge ahead of the pack, the daggers swiftly come out. As
such, with the rapid economic riseof the Dutch Republic, the other grand
old European powers became incredibly hostile towardsthem and resentful of their Atlantic trade dominance.

(05:06):
At this point in time, peoplebelieved in a philosophy which argued that
there was always a finite amount oftrade that could ever be conducted globally,
and so if one nation was gaining, that had to mean that you were
losing. Conversely, the only wayto increase your own share was by acquiring
the trade away from other nations.And what better way to both distract and

(05:26):
deplete a nation's resources than by takingit in turns to declare war on them.
So every few years one of theother nations would do their part in
crushing the Dutch economic might, withEngland taking the role of primary instigator upon
the high seas and the French uponthe land. In sixteen seventy two,
these two nations independently declared war onthe Dutch within twenty four hours of each

(05:46):
other. This combined assault stretched theDutch to capacity, and at its outbreak
was disastrous for your Hund of itsgovernment. As the conflict escalated, the
French allied with some disparate German forcesand steam rolled the Dutch defenses in the
east. Within just a few days, these combined forces had overrun and now
occupied much of the southern and easternparts of the Dutch Republic. The citizens

(06:12):
of Amsterdam were watching in horror asthis all unfolded before their eyes and quickly
began to panic. This period inDutch history has come to be known as
the Disaster year. Panic became morewidespread, and the internal conflict between the
Republican coalition headed by the Davit brothersand the House of Orange now also became
more pronounced Jahandavit as Prime Minister,had served in his role for almost twenty

(06:38):
years, having been re elected onthree separate occasions. As the country prospered,
so his possession strengthened. But nowat the first major sign of trouble
that public support would be severely tested. He would also find no backing from
the House of Orange, as hehad always been strongly anti monarchy and refused
to let the Prince of Orange holdany political power. The public, fearing

(07:00):
for their lives, began turning onthe government, believing they had failed to
secure the Republic's borders and along withit, the economic stability of the nation.
In their minds, it would bebetter to go back to a monarchy,
with the closest thing to a royalfamily being the House of Orange,
with Prince Villim the Third being thefamily figurehead. Riots and protests began in

(07:21):
the streets calling for Prince villem theThird to assume power from the Republicans.
As town after town fell in defeatto the French, the public outcry grew
louder and louder, until it deafenedthe ears of aristocrats across the country.
On the twenty first of June,one man decided to take matters into his
own hands and waited outside the homeof Jehund Vit as the Prime Minister stepped

(07:44):
out onto the street that day.The would be assassin lunged at him with
a knife, piercing Yehandivit's stomach andwounding him severely. He was then rushed
to a hospital and stabilized before helost too much blood, but it was
now clear to him that neither henor his brother was safe. While Johan

(08:13):
was still recovering in the hospital,his brother Cornelius, who was even more
despised by supporters of the monarchy,was under the current circumstances of his brother's
near miss, ironically arrested on chargesof treason for his apparent plot to murder
the Prince of Orange. Needless tosay, these charges were never proven and
were clearly designed as a tactic toremove the only remaining an active divit from

(08:35):
public office. Cornelius was thrown injail and tortured, but still he would
not confess to any plot. Eventually, after days of not getting the information
they needed from him, they simplysentenced him to be exiled forever, never
again to set foot on Dutch territory. On the morning of the twentieth of
August, when Johann heard about hisbrother's mistreatment, he pulled himself out of

(08:58):
bed and made his way over tothe jail to see him and plan for
where he would have to go.He entered the jail, and, while
conversing with his brother, a largecrowd began to gather outside the gates.
They were restless, and after retribution, the Hague militia was called in on
the auspices of being there to controlthe crowd, but it had seemingly all

(09:18):
become too much for everyone involved.They were all tired of waiting for the
men to emerge, and at somepoint gave up trying and just stormed the
prison to find the two Davite brothersand subject them to some mob justice.
The two men heard the commotion,but were trapped without any possible hope for
escape. The crowd swarmed them,and in their efforts to fight back,
gave the militia all the reason theyneeded to shoot them right there on the

(09:41):
spot. The brothers fell down deadin front of the baying masses, but
even their now deceased bodies could notsatisfy the blood lust that had been whipped
into a frenzy by the crowd.Their bodies were symbols of everything that was
wrong in the world and became thecanvases upon which the crowd would paint their
displeasure. At this point, Ijust want to give a quick content warning.
I've tried as bet as I canto not indulge in unnecessary goriness,

(10:05):
but I do spell out fairly plainlywhat happened to them in the ensuing acts.
So if you have any sensitive listeners, maybe now's a good time to
switch off or pause until they're notin the room and we're back. The
crowd began dragging their lifeless bodies outof the prison, tearing off their clothes

(10:30):
and kicking, hitting and spitting atthem as they went. Ropes were tied
around their necks and they were strungup to sway in the wind from some
nearby gibbets, but even this didn'tseem to quite quench the fury of the
crowd. A few particularly enraged citizensbegan attacking the strung up bodies, hitting,
clawing, and scratching at them asif they were the root cause of

(10:50):
all the world's evils. Some evengrabbed knives and began stabbing and slashing the
brothers corpses until the wounds grew largeenough that they're intestine began to spill out
of their stomachs. In what isnow viewed as an incredibly shameful moment and
one of the lowest points in Dutchhistory, the devit Brothers livers and other
internal organs were pulled from their bodiesand began to be roasted over open fires

(11:13):
right there in the street. Crowdsgathered around the frankly heinous sight and watched
in stunned silence as their former primeminister's liver sizzled and popped above the roaring
flames. Once it had been satisfactorilycooked, the men's livers were passed around
and bites were taken by as manypeople as could get their hands on them,

(11:33):
in some sort of bizarre cannibalistic ritual. Possibly the strangest part of all
of this was that, by allaccounts from my various sources, this entire
procedure actually happened in a very subduedand orderly fashion in style contrast to the
previous violence and chaos, leading somescholars to believe that this was in fact
their twisted intent all along. Whatmade the lynching of these two men even

(12:03):
more cruel was that when it occurred, the war, if it had actually
begun to improve for the Dutch,and they had begun winning some decisive battles
against the French, reclaiming their townsas they went, it is speculated that
Villain the third, the Prince ofOrange, saw his window of opportunity to
reclaim power rapidly closing as the tideof the war turned. Many observers point

(12:24):
to the Hague militia themselves being theones to actually breach the prison gates,
in contrast to their mandate to infact keep the peace amongst the protesters.
There was also meant to have beena detachment from the federal cavalry on their
way to the prison that night,who at the last minute, were ordered
to turn around by nine other thanthe Prince himself. Now, when viewed
through this lens, the orderliness ofthe divitzs, butchering and consumption seems to

(12:48):
make a bit more sense when seenas being orders simply carried out, as
opposed to the outworkings of a crazedmob. The three ring leaders on the
night were well known men, andinstead of being prosecuted by the state,
Prince villem in fact gave the menpromotions. And while we will never be
able to say for certain whether thePrince really did have a guiding hand in
any of these events, things doseem to line up a little too nicely

(13:11):
for us to let him off thehook. In the aftermath of the horrendous
lynching, the public's fury abated,and they collectively seemed to take a moment
to look at themselves and were horrifiedby what they saw. Villam the Third's
prominence in Dutch society allowed him tofill the power vacuum left by the murder
of the Divitz, and instead ofvery obviously placing himself in power, he
simply orchestrated the appointment of a newprime Minister named Gaspar Fagel, who just

(13:35):
happened to be incredibly pro orange.After a few years of ruling the Dutch
Republic through his puppet Prime Minister,Prince Villam the third married Mary Stuart,
the daughter of the Duke of York, and once again put his political meddlings
to work. Through his marriage,in sixteen seventy seven, he acquired a

(13:58):
claim to the English throne. Twelveyears later, in sixteen eighty nine,
he usurped the crown from his veryown father in law, and so doing
became King William the Third of England. This show is made entirely by me

(14:26):
Nick Charlie Key, with our thememusic having been made by the Enigma that
is the mysterious Breakmaster cylinder. Ifyou'd like to support the show, the
simplest way to do that is overon our Patreon account. There's just one
option, so for just two bucksa month, you'll help me keep producing
the show, and in return,you'll get your name forever etched onto our

(14:50):
supporters Wall of Fame over on ourwebsite. No, and then maybe listen
out for your name in an upcomingepisode. So until next time, bonappetit. Who yuh
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