Every Breath They Take: REALLY Delivering Lung Protective Ventilation

In this episode of the FlightBridgeED Podcast, part of our "Every Breath They Take" series on respiratory critical care, Dr. Michael Lauria explores whether we truly protect the lungs during mechanical ventilation. While the best evidence suggests keeping tidal volumes at 6 cc/kg and plateau pressures below 30 cm H2O, is that enough? ARDS is a complex lung pathology, and as we unravel its intricacies, there may be more to consider.

Join us as we explore the popular concept of driving pressure and introduce the emerging idea of mechanical power. While plateau pressure remains the gold standard, these additional metrics may provide further guidance for adjusting ventilation strategies and minimizing ventilator-induced lung injury, especially in critical care transport settings. Whether you're new to the field or a seasoned professional, this episode offers valuable insights into advanced respiratory management.

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TAKEAWAYS

• Mechanical ventilation is a double-edged sword. It can maintain oxygenation and ventilation but can also damage the lungs.
• Lung protective ventilation prevents ventilator-induced lung injury, especially in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS).
• Maintaining a plateau pressure below 30 cmH2O is an essential goal in lung protective ventilation.
• Driving pressure, the difference between plateau pressure and PEEP, is a surrogate for transpulmonary pressure and may be a useful parameter to consider in lung protective ventilation.
• Keeping driving pressure < 15 cmH2O may be beneficial. 
• Driving pressure might be helpful in titrating peep and optimizing lung recruitment, as well as in identifying patients who may benefit from smaller tidal volumes, even if the plateau pressure is below 30.
• Mechanical power, which represents the energy delivered to the lung over time, is a newer concept that requires further research to determine its role in lung protective ventilation.
• Optimizing the ventilatory and inspiratory flow rates (in addition to peep, plateau pressure, and tidal volume) may help reduce mechanical power below 17-22 J/min.

REFERENCES

1. Amato MB, Meade MO, Slutsky AS, et al. Driving pressure and survival in the acute respiratory distress syndrome. N Engl J Med. Feb 19 2015;372(8):747-55. doi:10.1056/NEJMsa1410639
2. Azizi BA, Munoz-Acuna R, Suleiman A, et al. Mechanical power and 30-day mortality in mechanically ventilated, critically ill patients with and without Coronavirus Disease-2019: a hospital registry study. J Intensive Care. Apr 6 2023;11(1):14. doi:10.1186/s40560-023-00662-7
3. Battaglini D, Fazzini B, Silva PL, et al. Challenges in ARDS Definition, Management, and Identification of Effective Personalized Therapies. J Clin Med. Feb 9 2023;12(4)doi:10.3390/jcm12041381
4. Battaglini D, Sottano M, Ball L, Robba C, Rocco PRM, Pelosi P. Ten golden rules for individualized mechanical ventilation in acute respiratory distress syndrome. J Intensive Med. Jul 2021;1(1):42-51. doi:10.1016/j.jointm.2021.01.003
5. Bellani G, Laffey JG, Pham T, et al. Epidemiology, Patterns of Care, and Mortality for Patients With Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome in Intensive Care Units in 50 Countries. Jama. Feb 23 2016;315(8):788-800. doi:10.1001/jama.2016.0291
6. Bugedo G, Retamal J, Bruhn A. Driving pressure: a marker of severity, a safety limit, or a goal for mechanical ventilation? Crit Care. Aug 4 2017;21(1):199. doi:10.1186/s13054-017-1779-x
7. Chiumello D, Froio S, Mistraletti G, et al. Gas exchange, specific lung elastance and mechanical power in