The Greek Revolution

The Greek Revolution began in 1821 with a series of scattered uprisings and effectively ended with a naval battle. Then came the effort of creating the Greek state...

Support the show

Episode Transcript

Jen (00:01):
The insupportable yoke of Ottoman tyranny has weighed down
for over a century the unhappyGreeks of the Peloponnesos.
So excessive had its rigorsbecome that its fainting victims
had scarcely strength enough toutter groans.
In this state, deprived of allour rights, we have unanimously

(00:24):
resolved to take up arms againstour tyrants.
Our hands having bursts theirfetters, already signalize
themselves against thebarbarians.
...Our mouths are opened;heretofore silent or employed
only in addressing uselesssupplications to our tormentors,

(00:45):
they now celebrate adeliverance, which we have sworn
to accomplish or else to perish.
We invoke, therefore, the aid ofall civilized nations of Europe,
that we may, the more promptlyattain to the goal of a just and
sacred enterprise, reconquer ourrights, and regenerate our

(01:08):
unfortunate people.
Greece, our mother, was the lampthat illuminated you; on this
ground, she reckons on yourphilanthropy.
Arms, money and counsel are whatshe expects from you.
We promise you her livelygratitude, which she will prove

(01:30):
by deeds in more prosperoustimes.
Signed Petros Mavromihalis,given at the headquarters of
Calamata on March 28, 1821.
From Gordon's 1832 book"Historyof the Greek Revolution", volume
I page 183.

(01:54):
I'm Jen Glaubius and this is TheHelonaki Deep Dive, a podcast
about mapping and analysis forhistorical and archeological
research.
In this episode I will discussthe Greek revolution.
Let's dive in.
Last time.
I talked about the century thatelapsed between the end of the

(02:14):
Venetian period in 1715.
And the Greek revolution, whichstarted in 1821.
I just want to say, it's veryinteresting that in the first
part of that in 1715, the peopleof the Morea did not help the
Venetians against the Ottomansin any meaningful way.

(02:34):
The Ottomans were able to takeback the Peloponnesus very
easily.
But just over a century later,the people of the Peloponnesus
this would lead the way in manyways in the revolution against
Ottoman rule in Greece.

(02:55):
And part of that was because ofthe weaknesses of the Ottoman
empire.
By that time, that led to moreand more oppression of the
people of the Morea andelsewhere in Greece.
So just to review.
Part of that was the rise ofwarlords who took over parts of

(03:16):
the Ottoman empire.
The strongest of these wasMehmed Ali, who had been part of
the Ottoman effort to take backEgypt after Napoleon's invasion.
But afterwards Mehmed Ali tookpower for himself.
He was still under the Sultan'srule, but increasingly he ruled

(03:37):
Egypt just for himself.
On a lesser scale was Ali Pashaof Ioannina, who was in the area
of now northwestern Greece andSouthern Albania.
Where he basically was rulingthe area.
But under more control of theSultan.

(03:59):
In addition to the weaknesses ofbasically parts of their empire
breaking away.
The Ottomans were fighting alongtheir Eastern border against the
Persians.
And so they had a lot ofresources going into there.
And they had already been introuble money-wise but they
needed even more money to fightagainst the Persians.

(04:23):
So the Ottomans imposed a warrequisition tax in 1820, and
they imposed this on the Moreaspecifically.
With that tax, the total burdenof taxes on Christian peasants
in the Morea increased frombetween 1820 and 1821, by over

(04:45):
250%.
Which is a huge amount of taxesto be taken from anyone.
And of course, made the peasantsreally, really unhappy because
how are they going to pay this?
In addition to having moretaxes.
The years, 1816 to 1820 were notgreat for agriculture.

(05:06):
This was due in part to theeruption of Mount Tambora in
Indonesia in 1815.
Which across Northern Europe andNorth America led to what was
called the year without a summerin 1816.
While conditions were not as badin Greece.
It still hampered agriculturaloutput in the years after the

(05:30):
eruption.
So you have more taxes.
Less agricultural production.
The people were not happy atall.
And it really isn't surprisingthat there was an uprising.
And it wasn't just the people ofthe Morea and elsewhere in
Greece who were ready to revolt.

(05:50):
There was the Society ofFriends, in Greek, Philiki
Etaireia, which was founded inthe city of Odessa on the Black
Sea in 1814.
Philiki Etaireia was a secretsociety based on the Freemasons.
They had different rituals aresupposed to be very, very
secret.
You had to be inducted intomembership.

(06:13):
And in this seven years, between1814 and 1821, they were able to
build up a network of supportacross areas under Russian
control and in the areas ofGreece.
They did build up support in theMorea itself.
In 1820 though, it was a societywithout a leader.

(06:37):
And so they approached PrinceAlexander Konstantinovich
Ypsilantis, who at that pointwas in the military in Russia.
And they approached him, partlybecause they were hoping for
Russian support.
Which they did not have.
Capodistrias, remember the Greekfrom the Ionian islands, was the

(07:01):
foreign secretary for theRussian empire.
At this point, he opposed anyuprising.
As did the tsar that he served.
But conditions were right foruprising even without explicit
Russian help.
Ali Pasha of Ioannina was inrevolt in 1820.

(07:23):
And the new Ottoman governor ofthe Morea was sent to deal with
him in late 1820.
Before he left Muslim leaders inthe Moria warned him about a
possible uprising.
They knew that people wereunhappy but still he went north.
Philiki Etaireia's plan was tostart the uprising of the Greek

(07:46):
revolution in the Morea whereChristians vastly outnumbered
Muslims.
To make preparations for theuprising, in January, 1821, a
priest associated with PhilikiEtaireia, named Gregoris
Dikaios, better known asPapaflessas, had a meeting in

(08:07):
the town of Vostitsa, where theymade preparations for the
uprising to occur in late Marchwith plans that the uprising
could be pushed back to April23rd.
But Alexander Ypsilantis, whowas now the leader of Philiki
Etaireia, decided to switch theuprising to the Danube region

(08:30):
where he had ties.
So up north.
And he launched an uprising onFebruary 21st, 1821.
Which at first seemed to go, allright.
But then failed miserably.
It ended up that AlexanderYpsilantis had to flee from
Ottoman troops in June of 1821.

(08:52):
He ended up being captured andimprisoned in Vienna until his
death in 1828.
But before the defeat in thatarea Ypsilantis sent his younger
brother Demetris Ypsilantis, tothe Mani.
To the Morea.
To get the uprising startedthere.
But due to the uprising in theDanube region.

(09:15):
The Ottomans knew something wasup.
And they ordered that more than20 bishops and elites would have
to come to the capital of theMorea at Tripolitsa in the
center to serve as hostages.
And they were supposed to bethere by the beginning of March,
1821.

(09:36):
The Ottoman officials definitelyknew something was up when some
of those hostages did not showup.
And the ones that didn't go,some of them were from Achaia,
the area around Vostitsa.
Probably the ones that didn'tshow up were associated with
that meeting in January inVostitsa.
And the people who didn't showup, they knew that the failure

(09:56):
to comply meant that they wouldbecome Outlaws.
And both their life and propertywould be forfeit.
In addition to ordering hostagesbe taken at Tripolitsa, the
Ottomans ordered all non-Muslimsto surrender any firearms they
had to the nearest OttomanGarrison.

(10:17):
And then afterwards, anyChristians with guns would be
considered as criminals.
And could be executed.
So the official beginning dategiven for the beginning of the
Greek revolution is March 25th,but things happen before then
and around then.

(10:40):
In the north in Achaia, the townof Kalavryta was besieged and
the Ottoman garrisonsurrendered.
Afterwards, Bishop Germanos, whowas leading the fighting.
He led peasants on the city ofPatras.
Where they took much of thecity, but were not able to take
the fortress from the Ottomangarrison.

(11:02):
And that would prove problematiclater on.
In the south, the Ottomangovernor of the town of Kalamata
took hostages.
And that sparked PetrobeyMavromihalis from the Mani, to
lead his troops into Kalamata.
Where they got the Ottomangarrison to surrender on March

(11:24):
23rd.
After the surrender of Kalamata.
Is when Mavromihalis, on behalfof the Messenia Senate, released
that proclamation, which I readin the introduction that was
really a plea for Europeancountries to take notice and to

(11:46):
give the Greeks help in theiruprising.
Fighting wise after Kalamatasurrendered, the forces split
up.
Mavromihalis led some of hisforces to besiege the fortresses
of Koroni, Methoni, and Navarinofurther to the west.
While others led by TheodorosKolokotronis, went north to

(12:13):
besiege the capitol atTripolitsa.
And all's going well at first,within about a week, most of the
Morea, except for the coastalfortresses, Tripolitsa the
capitol, and a small area in thewest where the inhabitants have
converted to Islam.
All except for those areas arein Greek hands.

(12:34):
And this is partly because theOttomans were a lot more
concerned with Ali Pasha inIoannina.
None of this goes unansweredthough.
With the uprising near theDanube in February.
The Ottomans execute leadingGreek Phanariots in Istanbul.
And they encourage Muslims to goaround armed.

(12:56):
And there's a lot of violenceagainst non-Muslims in cities
all around the Ottoman empire.
Especially in Asia Minor andThessaloniki, this eventually
gets put down, but it definitelyflared up.
So after the uprising in theMorea, though, the Ottomans
execute the Patriarch ofConstantinople on the Orthodox

(13:17):
Easter Sunday.
And so this is a major thingthat makes more and more people,
who are Greek, who are OrthodoxChristian rise up.
And very quickly.
It becomes a religious fight ofChristian versus Muslim in many
ways.
But you have all theseinterconnections, people who

(13:38):
have lived together with theirneighbors, Muslim and Christian
together.
Not as much in the Morea, butin, especially in Rumelia and
other places.
I'm not going to go through allof the events of the Greek
Revolution because there's alot.
I'm just going to talk aboutsome of the notable things.
The uprising spread quickly fromthe Morea to Rumeli, north of

(14:02):
the Gulf of Corinth andelsewhere in Greece.
However in Rumeli, there wasalready a strong Ottoman
presence because that's the areanear where the Ottomans were
dealing with Ali Pasha.
You also have uprisings onCrete, Thessaly, Macedonia and

(14:23):
Cyprus.
But those parts of the uprisingwere suppressed really quickly.
You have uprisings on otherislands, but not all of them.
And that's important to rememberthat there isn't always unity
during the Greek Revolution.
In September of 1821.

(14:44):
So after the summer of thisuprising, Tripolitsa falls to
the Greeks, led by Kolokotronis,who is establishing himself as a
military leader.
The Greeks take Tripolitsa andthen have basically three days
of massacre of the Musliminhabitants.
Some people were able to getaway, but not all.

(15:09):
But at this time you have a lotof different people trying to
take leadership.
There's no clear leader of theGreek revolution, but many who
try.
You've got Demetris Ypsilantiswho was sent by his brother, but
he never amasses total power.
Partly because he's not local tothe area, he's not from the

(15:29):
Morea.
You also have a lot of distrustbetween Greeks of different
regions.
So people from the Morea versusRumeli versus the islands.
You have a lot of looting andkilling on both sides.
Especially because there's thisreligious component.
On the Ottoman side, somethingthat's going to really inflame

(15:51):
tensions.
Is that the Ottomans takecaptives and they enslave them.
They send them to differentslave markets, especially in
Egypt.
For example In March 1822.
So a year after the uprisingbegan, there's a massacre on the
island of Chios.
And in some part sparked byfighters from the nearby island

(16:13):
of Samos who would hold off theOttomans for nearly 10 years,
who tried to spread theuprising, to Chios.
This uprising on Chios is putdown very brutally.
Of a population that had been100 to 120,000 people.
Approximately 25,000 werekilled.
And at least 45,000 wereenslaved.

(16:37):
Another thing that happensthough with this uprising, The
Greeks are self-organizing.
They have these democraticassemblies, mostly of elites.
And then the kind of strong menbrigands, who had, fighting
forces.
But they have their firstnational assembly in December of
1821.

(16:57):
And so they're trying to bringtogether to democracy, but you
have the tension between peoplesfrom different areas.
And so even with their successin 1823 through 1825, there are
two civil wars that happen.
Especially with fighting in theMorea.

(17:18):
And part of it is trying tojuggle who has power, fighting
for who's in control.
And so you end up with some oftheir really good fighters.
Like Kolokotronis, ends upexiled to an island for a while
because he was on the losingside of this civil war.
They don't get support fromRussia.

(17:38):
Who were sympathetic to theirfellow Orthodox Christians.
But the Russians also didn'twant their own Muslim subjects
to rise up against them.
They did not want to encouragerevolution at all.
And so even though Kapodistriashad been the foreign minister in
1822, the Czar sidelines himbecause he's afraid that he is

(18:00):
too pro Greek.
Kapodistrias ends up going toSwitzerland, leaves Russia
entirely.
We'll talk more about him later.
You also have other Europeancountries who wanted the Ottoman
empire around.
To be a check on Russia.
And after the Congress ofVienna, in reaction to the

(18:22):
Napoleonic Wars, they did notwant to support uprisings and
revolutions in any way, shape orform.
In fact in 1820 and 1821, theysuppressed other uprisings in
Naples and Piedmont.
And so there were like nouprisings, and they don't give
official support.
But you have a lot of peoplefrom Europe who are Philhellenes

(18:46):
or friends of Greece.
Many of them are German, someFrench and English, some had
experience in the Napoleonicwars.
There were a lot of theseveterans of the Napoleonic wars
around Europe.
And so they came to help theGreeks.
Some were very soondisillusioned.
Conditions were not what theywere expecting.

(19:07):
And some of them just had thisidea of the Greeks from the
classical and Homericliterature.
And so when they saw what peopleof Greece were like, they were
like, these are not the peoplefrom this literature from 2000
years ago, which is reallyunfair.
The most famous Philhellene wasLord Byron.

(19:27):
Who's known very much as awriter, as a poet.
And he had actually traveledaround Greece in 1809.
He lived in Athens for awhile,in the library of the Capuchin
monastery in Athens, which wasthe Lysikrates monument, from
the classical Hellenisticperiod,.
which the monastery hadincorporated.

(19:49):
Lord Byron, ends up coming toGreece.
to Mesolonghi, Mesolonghi whichis in Rumeli.
And would become a veryimportant part of the story.
It was besieged a few times bythe Ottomans.
Lord Byron dies in Mesolonghi inApril of 1824, but not due to
any wounds, but to illness.

(20:11):
So.
At first things went really wellfor the Greeks.
Despite the civil wars, theybasically hold most of the
Morea.
And they were really helpedbecause the Ottomans were
distracted first by Ali Pashaand Epirus.
And then the Ottomans also wereat war with Iran to the east
until 1823.

(20:32):
Even after fighting in thoseareas was over.
The Ottoman Sultan knew that heneeded help because his military
was not modern.
The janissaries were more of ahindrance than any type of a
help.
And the Sultan would end upgetting rid of the janissaries
rather permanently in 1826 bymassacring a great number of

(20:56):
them.
Before that though.
The Sultan decided to turn toMehmed Ali of Egypt who
technically was his vassal, butbasically was running Egypt
independently.
Mehmed Ali had modernizedEgyptian forces with the help of

(21:17):
French officers after theNapoleonic Wars.
So, the Sultan asked Mehmet Ali,to send his son, Ibrahim Pasha,
who'll become governor of theMorea.
Once the uprising has put down.
So send him there with a forceand then he will become
governor.
Ibrahim Pasha sets out fromAlexandria, Egypt in July of

(21:40):
1824.
But he's kept from landing inGreece due to Greek ships until
February, 1825.
When he does land, he ends up atMethoni in the southwestern
Morea.
Ibrahim soon able to take backNavarino.
His very modern fighting forceis able to just devastate the

(22:03):
area.
The Greeks really didn't havemuch for forces to stop Ibrahim
Pasha.
Kolokotronis, who had been theirmain military leader had been
exiled to an island for his parton the losing side, in the civil
wars.
Kolokotronis is brought backfrom exile to the Morea, but he

(22:26):
only had limited successconfronting Ibrahim Pasha and
his forces.
In a few months, Ibrahim Pashahad most of the Morea, including
the capital of Tripolitsa intohis hands.
Ibrahim Pasha has to send aforce in 1826 to Mesolonghi,
which finally fell to theOttomans after 15 months siege.

(22:49):
And this was a horrific thingwhere many fighters get away,
but there's a massacre and manywomen and children are enslaved.
There's a very famous paintingby Eugene Delacroix about it and
that helped inflame enthusiasmfor getting the Ottomans out of
Greece.

(23:09):
After Mesolonghi, Ibrahim Pashais focused again on the Morea.
And he's just devastating thearea.
In 1827, he basically hascontrol of most of the area.
And he's really cutting off anytaxes that might've come in to
the Greek national assembly fromthat area.

(23:30):
In 1827, he stationed Egyptiancavalry near Vostitsa to guard
the harvest of currents And alsoin that year, Ibrahim Pasha was
trying to get different regionsto capitulate to him.
And he took to actuallydestroying olive trees and fig

(23:50):
groves.
So near Kalamata they set fire.
And then also tried to uprootthese trees, which is very, very
long-term devastation because.
If you're trying to grow thesetrees from a seedling.
It takes a super long timebefore they're actually
productive.
And so this is a really hugething that was happening.

(24:14):
Things looked really bad for theGreeks.
Athens fell to the Ottomans in1827 but.
By that time.
The so-called great powers ofEurope, Britain, France, and
Russia.
They decided there had beenenough killing going on and they
set aside all their differencesto try to get this war to stop.

(24:38):
And so they decided to blockadethe Morea.
Each country sends navies.
And you have this allied Navy.
Sailing into the Bay of Navarinoon October 20th, 1827.
They weren't necessarilysupposed to go into battle with
the Ottoman and Egyptian fleetthat was in the Bay of Navarino.

(24:58):
But.
There's a great battle.
And.
Most of the Ottoman-Egyptianfleet is destroyed.
And this is basically theeffective end of the war.
There's still more fightingafterwards, but the battle of
Navarino is seen as what givesvictory to the Greeks, even
though it's fought by theEuropeans.

(25:19):
In the next year, things arebasically over, but the Ottomans
have not actually settledanything.
Russia declares war on theOttomans in 1828.
Soon after the battle ofNavarino and by the next year in
1829.
Reached Edirne/ Adrinople.
Which is not that far fromIstanbul.
And so the Ottomans agree to atreaty and they agree to

(25:41):
establish an independent Greekstate.
While all that had been goingon.
the Greek still try to havetheir own national assembly.
And in 1827, they askKapodistrias, who is in
Switzerland, had not been inGreece at any point during the
revolution, but they ask him tolead the government.

(26:04):
Remember he had been foreignminister of Russia and so had a
lot of ties with these Europeannations.
So Kapodistrias arrives inJanuary 1828 at Nauplio.
To add to all the misery anddevastation of the revolution.
There was also bubonic plaguegoing around.
And so Kapodistrias soon leavesNauplio.

(26:27):
And he goes to the government,which was headquartered on the
island of Aegina.
You also have the slow movementof getting the Ottomans and
Egyptians out of the Morea.
The French send an expedition in1828.
And their goal was to getIbrahim Pashas forces out of the

(26:47):
Morea.
But just like with Napoleon,when he invaded Egypt, they send
a scientific team alongside.
And so the French expeditionescorts, Ibrahim Pasha out very
quickly.
And.
Over the next few years, thescientific exploration.

(27:09):
Takes place.
And it's published in a seriesof books about the expedition.
They do botany.
There's a lot of geology done.
There's topographic maps, and alot of archeological studies as
well.
That set up the scientific basisfor the early Greek state.
So Ibrahim Pasha goes back toEgypt.

(27:31):
But in a couple of years, hisfather Mehmud Ali of Egypt would
send Ibrahim's forces into Syriaand Asia Minor attacking the
Ottoman empire.
And by 1841, the Ottomans havehad enough.
And Mehmed Ali was grantedhereditary rule of Egypt and

(27:51):
Sudan.
Which his family would holduntil the 1950s.
So completely broke away fromthe Ottoman empire.
In the meanwhile, you have theOttomans and the Egyptians out.
You have the Greeks with theirnational assemblies.
But the Greek revolution reallywas won by Europeans.

(28:16):
And so the question is what isGreece?
Will it be autonomous, will itbe an independent state?
And really what are theboundaries of the state?
Boundaries themselves areconstructed by people, even
natural boundaries changethrough time.
It's something decided bypeople.
And Greece is really one of thefirst nation states.

(28:38):
It was a very new concept.
What actually makes the nation?
Is it that they share language?
Ethnicity, which is somethingfluid and culturally
constructed.
Sharing culture, sharingreligion.
And religion is really what endsup being the focus of Greece,
because you have people whospeak Albanian, but are

(29:00):
Christian as well.
In many parts of what becomesGreece.
The great powers did notnecessarily want nations popping
up.
We can compare Greece withSerbia.
Which began to revolt againstthe Ottomans in 1804.
Almost 20 years before theGreeks.
And they only received status ofbeing autonomous within the

(29:23):
Ottoman empire in 1831 and wouldnot get statehood until 1878.
The great powers did not reallywant this nation idea taking
off.
So.
What would happen with Greece?
Because the European countrieshad really saved the Greeks who

(29:46):
were in dire straits before thebattle of Navarino.
The Europeans basically set theterms.
The great powers were monarchiesand they also made sure Greece
would be a monarchy.
Kapodistrias, the president ofthe Greek national assembly.

(30:07):
Worked really closely with thegreat powers to sort out what
would happen with Greece.
At first, the great powers wereafraid that he would be too
pro-Russia because he had workedwith the Russians, but that
didn't end up being the case.
He was just trying to get whatwas best for Greece.
As he worked with the greatpowers, Kapodistrias set up a

(30:30):
census, he set up other socialprograms.
But he didn't work with thelocal peoples.
Remember Kapodistrias wasn'tfrom the Morea.
He was from the Ionian islands,which was not part of Greece, at
that point, and Kapodistrias hadspent most of his adult life
working in Russia.

(30:51):
So as a result, Kapodistrias putmore power into other people who
are not local.
And didn't work with the peoplelocally.
In Greece.
Who already had connections,which made them very angry.
And there was a fear thatKapodistrias was trying to

(31:12):
become a tyrant.
Mavromihalis decided to rejecttaxes that Kapodistrias put in
and not pay.
Members of the Mavromihalisfamily from the Mani were
imprisoned.
By the Kapodistrias government.

(31:32):
And in response members of theMavromihalis family assassinated
Kapodistrias in Nauplio inSeptember of 1831.
So you have a lot of tumult justcontinuing to happen in the
area.
Around 1830, the great powerswere looking around for some

(31:54):
prince who can become the newking of Greece.
They end up offering the throneto Leopold of Saxe-Coburg.
A little German principality.
He ends up declining because theborders of what would become
Greece, he thought it would betoo small, he thought it would
be too small of an area and hedidn't want it.

(32:17):
And soon after Leopold becamethe king of Belgium.
Which was a new nation.
So then they're back to squareone.
They're looking around theprinces, these German princes,
and they find prince Otto ofWittelsbach, who was only 17.
So he was a minor.
And he's named the Greek king.

(32:37):
And arrives Nauplio in Januaryof 1833.
Soon after they moved thecapital to Athens, which was
really a backwater at thatpoint.
And they start building apalace.
Before you have good roads, youhave this palace arising.
Thankfully this palace was noton the Acropolis, which was one

(32:59):
of the early ideas that theywould kind of level what was on
the Acropolis at Athens put up apalace there, but that idea did
not happen, thankfully.
The palace was instead to thenorth of the Acropolis.
And the Acropolis itself, becamea ticketed archeological
attraction in 1835.
So just a few years after therevolution ended.

(33:22):
And that's where we're going tostop.
There's going to be one moreepisode on Greek history to take
us into the 19 hundreds.
For continued background andthere's still a lot of tumult in
Greece itself through thisperiod.
Now for some endnotes.

(33:44):
One book.
I just read, it's a new bookfrom 2021 by Mark Mazower, is

called The Greek revolution: 1821 and the Making of Modern (33:48):
undefined
Europe, which is a pretty goodaccount of all the things that
were going on in the Greekrevolution, it's pretty easy to
read.
2021 of course is 200 yearssince the beginning of the Greek
revolution.
So there are many books, filmsand documentaries that are out

(34:09):
there commemorating the Greekrevolution.
Thanks for listening.
Email questions or comments [e-mail] or ask
them on the Helonaki Deep DiveFacebook page.
Show notes with links toresources mentioned in this
episode will be available athelonaki.com.

(34:29):
That's H E L O N A K I.com.
You can also find ways tosupport the show now, including
merch such as t-shirts mugs andstickers with the Helonaki Deep
Dive logo athelonaki.com/support.
My thanks to Patreon supportersat the geospatial analyst level,
Leah Varrell and Janice andJerry Farrell.

(34:52):
Your support keeps the HelonakiDeep Dive going.
The Helonaki Deep Dive iswritten and produced by me, Jen
Glaubius of the Helonaki.
The theme music is Deep OceanInstrumental by Dan-o of
danosongs.com additional soundsfrom zapsplat.com.
Thanks for listening.