Episode #89 | The Bioprinting Frontier (Live Recording) - The Lattice (Official 3DHEALS Podcast)

Episode Transcript
Available transcripts are automatically generated. Complete accuracy is not guaranteed.
Speaker 1 (00:00):
Well, good morning everybody.
Thanks for joining us.
We accidentally clicked thebutton a little bit early, so
you stared at the blank screen alittle bit.
I apologize for that.
My name is Jenny Chen, ceo andfounder of 3D Heels, a small
company but hopefully to make abig difference in the space of
healthcare, 3d printing andbioprinting.

(00:39):
And three missions for us is oneis education.
This is one activity we do,different from in-person events
when it comes to networking, butI think now we're five years in
.
I think we have acquired anamazing set of skills to engage
our audience, and the audiencealso know how to use these
opportunities to learn andnetwork with one another.
So some of my suggestions tonetwork is one say hi in chat so

(01:04):
that we know you're here andactually engaging with us, and
your social links.
If you want us to follow you,uh, or connect with you on
linkedin or instagram orwhatever that you use um and and
, yeah, and ask questions, uh,in terms of questions, please
put them in the qa box, becauseI am a one woman show here.
I don't have more than two arms, so and just one brain, so

(01:29):
please help me out here.
And and chat, you know, andthen advise, give people advice
and engage.
And also, if the speaker isdoing a great job, react.
Use the react button on thebottom.
They will love it and andthat's it.
And then number three missionfor us is a program called

(01:50):
Pitch3D.
It's a free fundraising programthat we created since 2018,
where we give startupopportunities to present
themselves to a group ofinstitutional investors.
We have corporate and regularVCs and also angel groups.
So if you're an early stagestartup founder, connect with me

(02:13):
and then see if you're a goodfit for the program.
Okay, without further ado, Ithink today's topic is quite
important and it has been afounding subject for our group
is when can we create artificialorgan or tissue or things that
are even remotely close?
Because for decades we are noteven close.

(02:38):
This industry is that it'sgetting closer and closer every
year, or maybe even every day, Iwould say.
In this space is how we can usethe science of bioprinting,
biofabrication, regenerativemedicine to change the future of

(02:58):
medicine, and so, withoutfurther ado, I'd like to
introduce our first speaker,mike Grafew.
I know Mike for many years nowactually since 2018, and he is a
highly accomplished individual.
He is a CEO and co-founder ofFluidform Bio.
You see the logo in the back.
But he also basically helpedfour novel medical device or

(03:19):
therapeutics through FDA and hehas generated total sales of $20
billion altogether.
That is just an amazing figure.
He's also an engineer bytraining and a business person
combined, and also a BakerScholar I just read about it

(03:39):
which is a very high honor forHarvard Business School.
So, mike, with that intro,please take over.

Speaker 2 (03:47):
Thanks, jenny.
I appreciate the kind words.
It is hard to imagine that itwas seven years ago when we
first met, when 3D Heels wasgetting off the ground and so
was Fluid Form Bio, and we'vecome a long way and I'm excited
to share some of the progress.
It's a real delight to be ableto share the stage with so many
accomplished speakers.

(04:07):
I'm really looking forward tothe other presentations as well,
and I think you know it'sreally timely right now to talk
about this where the promise ofyou know, hey, we're all going
to have tissues and organs.
I remember hearing that for thefirst time in 1997, reading Joe
Vacanti and Bob Langer's papersand getting really excited
about this whole term of tissueengineering as a field.

(04:28):
This is a topic that's beennear and dear to me for some
time and I'm excited to sharewith you what we're doing at
Fluidform to advance thisforward.
I think this is one of manyreally exciting efforts out
there in the world and I dobelieve that you know that we've
actually now taken a big stepforward in the field to move

(04:48):
away from promises and somedaymaybe out to actually really
making these things happen andpossible.
So I'm gonna pull up someslides to share a little bit
about what we're doing here atFluidform, and let me just make
sure that's the right window.
Hold on, yeah, that should workand we will go into a full

(05:11):
presentation and I'll walk youthrough a little bit about what
we're doing here.
So at Fluidform Bio, which wasfounded in 2018, I founded that
company, co-founded that with myco-founders at a Carnegie
Mellon based on some reallyexciting technology that I'll
walk you through, and we areusing that technology today.
Our first indication is focusedon treatment of type one
diabetes.
Our goal is to eliminate theneed for insulin injections.

(05:33):
We believe that there's areally important need here.
My prior experience beforeworking with, before co-founding
this company was with aninsulin pump company for
patients with type 1.
And so I know the situationreally well.
It is by far the best time inhistory to live with type 1
diabetes, given the tools thatwe have available wearable

(05:54):
insulin pumps, continuousglucose meters these are all
tools that make the managementof the disease much, much easier
, and it's still a disease thatyou have to think about almost
all day, every day, and we justbelieve that life should not
come with a needle.
You know, you really do have anopportunity here to make an
enormous difference.
It's actually a field that'sbeen studied for over 40 years

(06:19):
and for the better part of thelast 20, there's been a really
interesting paradigm where weknow that transplantation of
islet cells the cells thatproduce insulin in response to
blood glucose we know that thatcan work.
We know that you can createinsulin production by
transplanting the right kinds ofcells.
There have been a few challenges.

(06:40):
One of those challenges was wewere relying on deceased donor
supply of the cells, and thatchallenge has largely been
lifted over the last 20 yearswith the advent of induced
pluripotent stem cell work tocreate differentiation protocols
.
There's now a number of themand by and large there are
multiple ways to get access toeffectively an unlimited number

(07:03):
of high quality cells.
But we still struggle with theneed for systemic immune
suppression to prevent immuneattack.
We struggle from the need toimplant inside of vital tissue
organs Think about things likethe liver or the kidney in order
to expose the cells to enoughblood supply, and if we don't
implant in those structures, westruggle with a lot of cell

(07:24):
death because the blood supplyis limited.
The pancreatic islet cellsrequire an enormous amount of
blood supply, so our belief isthat these cell therapies will
be a cure for type 1 diabetesand we need to solve all three
of these.
We've taken a look at this andsaid listen, there's some really
large names and some very bigbrands on this slide, some of

(07:46):
the biggest biopharma companiesin the world all working on
these solutions, and many ofthem have pieces of the puzzle
that are looking reallypromising.
We believe that you've got toput all of it together.
You've got to avoid systemicimmune suppression.
You can't implant inside ofliver or kidney or other vital
tissue and you need to be ableto rapidly vascularize to avoid

(08:08):
this cell death, and so we'vecreated an approach that allows
us to implant easily rightunderneath the skin.
It can be removed very quickly,very easily if it's needed.
There's no need for anysystemic immune suppression and
there's an ample blood supplythat's enabled by our technology
.
I'll talk a little bit aboutwhat that means and why we think
that this represents sort of anovel way of thinking about this

(08:29):
, by providing that blood supplyin the subcutaneous space,
making this ecosystem possible,and that's really enabled by our
core technology.
We call it fresh 3D bioprinting.
I'll talk about how it works,and it allows us to make an
implant that looks somethinglike this cartoon, a schematic.
There's really threeingredients inside of there.

(08:49):
The ingredients start with thebeta cells themselves, the cells
that make insulin, and wesurround them with the right
kinds of extracellular matrixproteins that they're accustomed
to being surrounded by whenthey're actually inside of a
native pancreas.
The third ingredient is a depotof a locally acting
immunosuppressant, so thatallows us to control the immune

(09:10):
response just right inside ofthat area without causing all of
the side effects of systemicimmune suppression.
By putting that into thesubcutaneous space and by
manufacturing it using ourtechnology, we see a very, very
rapid infiltration of bloodvessels into that structure, and
that's the key that reallyunlocks the possibilities here,

(09:31):
because we can get blood supplyto these cells quickly.
They can engraft, they cansurvive, they can thrive and
they can function for a reallylong time.
So how do we do that?
Well, fresh 3D bioprintingsounds and looks an awful lot
like some other bioprintingtechnologies out there where we
deposit cells and proteins outof the tip of a needle in a

(09:52):
spatial pattern.
What's really different is wedo that inside of an aqueous
environment.
This aqueous environment hascertain special properties that
allow cells and proteins to bothgo through their native
self-assembly mechanisms insideof that gel.
But that gel is then quicklywashed away and you're left with
a self-assembled piece oftissue that consists of just the

(10:13):
cells and proteins and growthfactors that we pattern in there
.
We don't need to add other kindof biomaterials or structural
elements or members in order tocreate something that is
biologic-like.
We're actually able to reallyrecreate the fundamental
biologic properties of tissues,and I'll give you a quick video
of what that looks like here, soyou can see out of the tip of a

(10:35):
needle here.
This is an example of a denselyladen cell bio-ink being printed
into a particular pattern.
Once that gel is released, youcan see that what's left behind
is really just a denselycellular tissue.
And that's one of the realadvantages of doing this
technique is we're able to work.
We're able to build cellularscaffolds, but not doing it by

(10:56):
building a scaffold and thenadding cells.
We can add cells that areextremely densely packed right
into the quote unquote scaffold,exactly the way that we want to
.
The other thing that's reallyexciting about this is, because
of the properties that wecontrol inside of that bath,
we're able to give rise to avery, very rapidly vascularizing

(11:19):
implant.
So what you're looking at onthis slide is an example of two
materials of either collagenmaterials that were implanted
underneath the skin of a mouse,one was conventionally
manufactured on the left, theother, on the right, was
manufactured using ourbioprinting technology.
Otherwise they're identical thesame materials, the same
concentrations implanted for thesame duration.

(11:41):
You can see really quickly oneof them looks a lot redder than
the other.
That's because it has a lotmore blood vessels and when we
look at it under a microscope,we see extensive vessel network
formation all the way down tothe capillary scale.
This is just under 10 days ofimplant and this was published
in Science back in 2019.
I'll show you a quick flythrough video of that, where you

(12:03):
can see just throughout theimplant.
I'll show you a quickfly-through video of that, where
you can see just throughout theimplant blood vessels
everywhere.
That ability to stimulate thatblood vessel formation is one of
the really exciting thingsabout our technology how it
works and what we're able to dowith it.
And it was on the back ofseeing that data that my
co-founder, adam Feinberg, inhis lab at Carnegie Mellon,
started to collaborate withfolks at what was then called

(12:24):
the JDRF.
It's now called BreakthroughT1D.
It's the premier researchfunding institute for type one
diabetes in the world and theywere able to first demonstrate
some promise in this technologyin terms of being able to
vascularize the islet cells thatwe see in an implant.
They did that in the lab andthe company about a year and a
half ago almost two years agonow.

(12:45):
We picked up that work andstarted moving it towards
translation, and so now I'llshare with you some of the data
that we see about why we're soexcited about what we're doing.
This is an example of a scaffoldthat was built with human islet
cells and implanted into amouse, and I'll point out a
couple of things that are reallyinteresting and really
different here.
No-transcript, robust cellhealth here at day 97.

(13:34):
The other thing that I'll pointout that's so unique and
unusual here is what we're notseeing, and that's sort of a,
you know, the hallmark responsethat we see in most of this
field is a fibrotic responsethat you see to any of the
synthetic kind of biomaterials.
You'll tend to see a wallingoff or a macrophage response.
You see this sort of a highlyhigh fibrosis environment and

(13:56):
that's been a real challenge forthe field for most of the last
15 or 20 years.
When looking at encapsulationtechnologies, we don't see any
evidence of that, and we thinkthat's largely because the
materials that we're using don'telicit that response and we
have a lot of data supportingthat and the way that we build
it really promotes that sort ofintegration as opposed to that
sort of isolation.

(14:19):
The other thing that we'rereally excited about is our data
on actual implants in adiabetes model.
So what you're looking at hereis an example of a study that
we've done where we take a mouse, we give them an injection that
induces diabetes.
We see a very rapid rise inblood sugar, way up above the
normal threshold, and then atday zero we implant our scaffold

(14:40):
and you can see that blue linethere.
The blood sugar levels comedown quite rapidly and then they
stay down and stay really leveland steady over the course of a
six-month study.
This is really exciting for usbecause when we compare that to
the control, where we inject theexact same number of islets in
the exact same location with theexact same extracellular matrix
components around it, but wedon't build that into a

(15:03):
construct using our technologywe see no blood glucose
reduction at all, and so this isan area where we know that it's
really our technology that'sdriving this response and
driving the blood vesselinfiltration that's allowing the
cells to be healthy and dotheir job.
This six-month data is the datathat we're really excited about
.
It's part of why we're able nowto be out and actually raising

(15:26):
more money to expand the studiesinto larger animals and really
move towards human translation.
The other thing that we'veshown in this same study is that
when we take our scaffold out,we see a very rapid return to
that hyperglycemic state highblood sugar levels.
We know because we implanthuman cells into the mouse.

(15:47):
We know we can measure for thehuman cell levels, so the human
C-peptide and we see no humanC-peptide after we retrieve the
scaffold.
So we know we get a fullscaffold retrieval and we see
that hyperglycemic state.
So we know that it was due tothe scaffold, that we see that
blood sugar control and we knowthat we can retrieve the
scaffold effectively.

(16:09):
The other thing I'll just pointout is we've also developed some
really exciting data on localcontrol of the immune system.
So what you're looking at hereare these are nude mice with an
immune system, and so we're ableto actually image, using a
special kind of camera, reportercell lines that actually light
up using RFP, and in thenegative control you can see at
day zero there's these nicebright spots there.

(16:31):
Those are the cells that wereimplanted and then by day 28, we
basically see nothing, whereaswith some of the immune
controlling agents we can seethat at day zero and at day 28,
we still see a strong signal.
So we know we're having animmune protective effect.
We're now doing a number ofother studies, both around
dosing and different agents, inorder to demonstrate what the

(16:51):
best kind of cocktail is and howwe want to dose that in order
to achieve the maximum level ofcontrol.
But we know that we can do thisfor a really protracted period
of time and that's part of whatwe're going to be building out
for our pathway to the clinic.
I'll also just mention that youknow we're also working with the

(17:11):
folks at Breakthrough T1D.
We did just sign an industrydiscovery and development
partnership with them and we'resuper excited to start that work
.
We're thrilled that they're asexcited about the work that
we're doing as we are.
As I mentioned earlier, they'rereally, you know, an
outstanding group in the fieldand we're particularly excited
about, you know, moving forwardand working in collaboration

(17:31):
with folks who've been, you know, dedicated their life and their
mission to helping to solve forthis.
So, you know, with that I'lljust, I'll stop the share of the
slides and just sort of leave,you know, my final thought,
which is that, you know, thisfield is incredibly exciting and
I talk to engineers andscientists every day who say to
me Mike, I've been excited abouttissue engineering for 5, 10,

(17:54):
15, 20 years and there, you know, there just haven't been that
many things over the course ofthe last several that actually
look like they've got a chanceto make a difference for
patients' lives.
And so, you know, we're really,really excited about the work
that we're doing, in large partbecause this is something that
has translational relevance,that is going to help patients,

(18:14):
that we believe has a very clearpathway to get into the clinic,
and that's part of why we're soexcited.
You know, from a companyperspective, we are raising our
Series A right now.
We have a lead investor andwe're building the syndicate in
order to close that shortly.
And so for us, it's reallyabout doing the science, it's
about getting the data and it'sabout making that progress to
get into the clinic.

(18:35):
I'll leave it there and happyto answer any questions now or
at the tail end the tail end.

Speaker 1 (18:46):
Thank you, mike.
That was a fantasticpresentation.
Really excited about theprogress Fluidform has made so
far.
Also interesting I was justlooking it up.
By the way, I want to mentionthat Mike and I we did an
incredible podcast.
I'm going to share the link and, for people who want to dig
deeper about what Fluidform isdoing, that's a good resource is

(19:06):
doing, you know that's a goodresource and also, you know
we're 2025, we're approximately100 years away from the
discovery of insulin andestablishment of this kind of
almost kind of like thebeginning of tissue engineering
to cure diabetes.
And in fact, back then, if youhave diabetes one, that's a
death sentence.
No question, it is a miserabledeath.
So, where we are today, it'sreally exciting that we're

(19:30):
almost going to get a cure.
That's amazing and plus type 1,honestly, if you have a really
bad type 2, is eventually you'regoing to need insulin injection
.
Potentially, you know thatcould be open as an option for
type two as well, isn't it?

Speaker 2 (19:49):
I would think so.
Yeah, you know there's a pointin time in severe type two where
you end up with reallyintensive insulin management,
you know when you move beyondjust a long acting or a basal
insulin, and you know I wouldimagine that something like this
could help those patients a lot.

Speaker 1 (20:06):
Yeah, awesome.
We have a couple of questionsfrom the audience.
One is from Bill Harley.
Hey, mike, great talk.
What are the key features ofthe special spatial arrangement
process that is helping toreduce fibrosis?
In addition to more compatiblematerial properties themselves,
in addition to more compatible?

Speaker 2 (20:24):
material properties themselves.
Yeah, bill, it's a greatquestion.
You know, when we look at thespatial arrangement, we're
looking at a couple of keythings, you know.
Number one we want to build thescaffold in such a way that
there is a particular kind ofsurface patterning that allows
for the attachment of the hostblood vessels to sort of attach

(20:46):
and infiltrate, right.
And so when we're thinkingabout the materials that we're
using and how we're buildingthat patterning, that has to do
with the density.
It's the ECM proteins thatlargely give those sites for the
blood vessels to first sort ofattach and start to infiltrate.
And so we're thinking about thedensity of those and the
materials that are used in thoseas well, as you know how close

(21:09):
below that the cell level starts.
So we want to give sort of anouter coating associated with
those proteins and then we wantto get the cells really close to
the surface spatial patterningelements.
The other thing I'll justmention is you're absolutely
right, it's the biochemistry isthe most important part, right?
So the fact that we can promotethis sort of native assembly of

(21:29):
collagen in this aqueousenvironment where we print is
the feature that allows thatsort of presentation that the
blood vessels love to grow into,as well as the sort of micro
porosity that we can controlwith the aqueous bath itself.

Speaker 1 (21:44):
Okay, that's a very thorough answer.
Now, next question from Randywhat are the cell density within
the gel that you're printing?
That's kind of continuing ofwhat you just talked about.

Speaker 2 (21:55):
Yeah, so, randy, we have data on printing well north
of 300 million cells per ml,basically thinking about
printing at the density of acell pellet cells per ml,
basically thinking aboutprinting at the density of a
cell pellet.
In the islet cell program we'veprinted up not quite that high
but pretty close to it and we'reable to work with really,
really high cell densities.
As far as I know, we're able towork at least 2 to 3x higher

(22:20):
than most of the rest of thefield as far as cell density
goes.

Speaker 1 (22:22):
And another question how many extruders do you need
in order to produce scaffold andvascularization network with
this method?

Speaker 2 (22:31):
Well, what we've printed with to date, we've
worked with as few as two andwe've worked with as many as
four or five.
We have a system that we'vebuilt and optimized in-house
that allows us to do that with areally, really high level of
repeatability andreproducibility.
But by and large, you know, twohas been enough for all of the

(22:53):
small animal studies, and we arealways looking at how do we
optimize that.
You know it's a balance betweenhow many different compositions
you really want to incorporateand what it's going to do in
terms of time for the printdifferent compositions you
really want to incorporate andwhat it's going to do in terms
of time for the print.

Speaker 1 (23:06):
And just a quick question about the density and
extruder.
I mean, my question is when youhave such a high density, I
mean, do you have to overcomesome challenges of cell
viability issues?

Speaker 2 (23:17):
Yeah, you know we're really fortunate, right?
My co-founders have beenworking with hundreds of
millions of cells per ML forgosh close to a decade now.
So yes, we've developed a lotof tips and tricks on how to
make that work and, by and large, a lot of it is because of the
fact that it's fresh.
I don't think a lot of what wedo would work outside of a fresh

(23:41):
3d printing environment.

Speaker 1 (23:43):
Excellent.
Well, thank you very much, mike.
We will come back to you at theend of the webinar for our
panel discussion, but I willintroduce our next speaker,
annalise.
Annalise Votnich I always havea hard time pronouncing her last

(24:05):
name.
I hope I didn't butcher it thistime.
Annalise, are you online?
Okay, I think she has somecomputer issues.
Oh, are you fixed?

Speaker 3 (24:18):
your computer issue.
Yes, if you can hear me.
Sorry, it just took a minute tounmute.

Speaker 1 (24:23):
Oh right, we have a 1980s computer right now running
in the background.
Sorry, I think it's just superfull.
So a quick intro about Annalie.
She currently is the businessdevelopment manager for Visco
Tech America and she iscombining science, technology,

(24:43):
entrepreneurship all in one topromote this incredible device
behind her, annalise, I'll letyou take away.

Speaker 3 (24:52):
Yes, Thank you, Jenny .
Let me quickly just share myscreen.
Hopefully it will be quick withno problems.
Let me know if you can see thisor if there's any issues.

Speaker 1 (25:10):
Let's give it one minute.

Speaker 3 (25:13):
I apologize everyone.

Speaker 1 (25:18):
It looks good.
At least it's working.

Speaker 3 (25:21):
I should be able to get it into presentation mode
here in one second.
Sorry about that, okay, just alittle slow.

Speaker 1 (25:31):
Well, you know when.
I started to use computer.
This is actually quite quick.
Okay, Change the displaysetting.

Speaker 3 (25:39):
Okay, sorry about this One more.
And how are we looking now?

Speaker 1 (25:49):
Give it a minute.

Speaker 3 (25:50):
Oh, there you go, perfect, okay, uh, my apologies
everyone.
Um, yes, thank you, jenny, forthe introduction.
So, as jenny mentioned, uh, myname is annalise and I am the
business development andtechnical sales manager at Fisco
Tech.
I've been here for roughlythree years supporting all of

(26:13):
our bioprinting and hygienicmanufacturing.
So today I'm going to discussour paradigm technology, where
it fits into the frontier ofbioprinting, and share some key
examples of our technology andwhere we have applications.
So today I mentioned the agenda.

(26:34):
I'll start with a quickintroduction to ViscoTech.
We'll walk through some corechallenges that we've seen in
the market, and then I'll alsoexplain how Paradine's
progressive cavity pumptechnology, along with our
temperature control solutions,can directly assess these
challenges.
And then, lastly, we'll look atreal world applications and

(26:58):
what's next in terms of Paradine.
So who is BiscoTech andParadyridine and what do we do?
So we are a German-basedmachine manufacturer utilizing
the progressive cavity pumptechnology, so we focus on all

(27:20):
these different areas you cansee on the left side of my
screen for advanced fluidhandling and for dosing
solutions.
In all of these industries, wefocus on difficult to handle
materials, whether that be lowviscosity and high viscosity,
abrasive, solid filled, and alsoone part and two part materials

(27:42):
.
So one part and two partmaterials.
Paradine by ViscoTech is aproduct brand that's specialized
specifically for thebioprinting market.
As you can see on our map here,we have a global presence.
I myself am located in Atlanta,but we support the globe and

(28:05):
have local support and expertisewherever it's needed.
Current gaps in the bioprintingspace.
So before we created anddeveloped the Paradigm system,
we looked closely at the marketand we found common issues such
as inconsistent extrusion,nozzle clogging, failed prints,

(28:29):
and therefore we developed oursystem to specifically combat
these challenges so that theresearchers can focus on their
research and their printsinstead of the actual bioprinter
itself.

(28:51):
So what is Pyridine?
Essentially, it is a single-usedesign system extrusion-based
bioprinting technology utilizingthe progressive cavity.
So on the left side you can seewhat we've done is built our
progressive cavity technologyinto a disposable barrel syringe
, and then we have a pump systemthat's driven by a stepper

(29:15):
motor where you can load yourmaterial, attach the cap, print
and then dispose, and this helpsto avoid any
cross-contamination or anythinglike that.
And then on the right side, wealso offer an optimal process
control utilized with ourtemperature control technology

(29:36):
device, and here you just insertthe pyridine into the slot as
shown and run your prints thesame way, and here we can keep
the temperature controlled fromfour to 40 degrees, depending on
, maybe, what the cells need orwhat the researchers need.
I'll play this video.

(30:04):
Hopefully it is loading for youall.
It utilizes the progressivecavity technology shown here, so
you can see it enables lowshear volumetric extrusion,
which is crucial for cellviability, and then we also are
able to deliver 99% dosingaccuracy with clean start and

(30:27):
stop endpoints of each print.
We're also able to run therotor the white part in the
video in reverse direction toperform a suck back to help
eliminate the nozzle cloggingand make sure that the prints
can be very defined.
Sorry, I just wanna make suremy screen is loading here from

(30:53):
the video.
Okay, enabling the future.
So innovations where we havebridged the gap in the market,
where we saw the needs, anddeveloping our pyridine system.
So this table highlights thekey challenges that we've
identified and how we havesolved them extrusion and cell

(31:23):
damaging, shear stress tolimited bioink compatibilities
and temperature sensitivity.
We have engineered solutionsfor each challenge.
With our progressive cavitypump, our broad viscosity range
in terms of the bioink materialsand our optional temperature
control, we offer a complete,reliable process for modern
bioprinting needs.

(31:51):
Next I'll show you some examplesof biomaterials where we've
successfully printed in our labsusing our system or also with
our partners or collaborators indifferent research facilities.
So with the Pyridine systemwe're able to print all

(32:15):
different types of hydrogels.
Our systems are often used byresearchers that are looking at
cell function and cell viabilityin terms of prints.
On the left side you can seewe've printed here with gelatin
material so we've able to printlayer by layer and height on

(32:36):
different constructs.
The next one is gonna be apleuronic F127 that we've
printed with Sorry about that.
And then you can see the earpicture here.
So we have printed this eardesign with a blend of alginate
and cellulose with cell linksmaterial.

(32:58):
And then on the far right youcan see this is a bone material
print.
So despite the high viscositiesand the particle counts, we're
still able to achieve excellentprecision in terms of prints
here, which is a key advantageof our progressive cavity
problem.

(33:27):
Cavity problem Our goal atPyridine is to verify printing
processes with differentmaterial manufacturers to ensure
ease of prints with differentresearchers or anyone that's
performing the research.
This slide shows an example ofa partnership that we have with
Humobiologics and with ourPyridine and our temperature
control device, we were able toachieve great results in terms

(33:50):
of precision and accuracy, shownin the images here.
So the left image was printedwith the osteogelma and this was
at a concentration of 10 mg perml.
And then on the far right, thematerial we were printing with

(34:10):
was a humiderm and thisconcentration was 10 mg per ml.
We also utilized, as Imentioned, our temperature

(34:32):
control device in the middlepicture to achieve even better
results in terms of precision.
What's next?
So at Periodine, we'reconstantly developing new
products, evaluating the marketneeds and looking as to how we
can innovate in this space.
So in the most recent news, wehave developed a pressure sensor
.
It's called the FlowPlus SPTpressure sensor.
This was announced last year,so this enables real-time

(34:56):
process controls and also laysthe foundation for future
machine learning capabilities.
This is able to monitorpressure as well as temperature.
Our focus remains also onbuilding strong partnerships
across the bioprinting field,including researchers,

(35:20):
biomaterial suppliers and alsomachine builders or bioprinting
machine builders, and throughthis strategic collaboration
with BioInks and as well asBrinter, we were able to advance
the solution to integrate afull system.

(35:42):
So you can see, this covers theprinting technology as well as
the machine, and then, withBioInks materials, we were
focused there on the actualBioInks.
Together we were able toachieve a plug and play by our
printing system, designed toessentially reduce material

(36:05):
waste, enhance reproducibilityand also accelerate
translational research.
If you're looking for moreinformation on this, I did put a
link as well in thepresentation that Jenny will
share afterwards, and thank youall.
That concludes my presentation,so you can feel free to scan my

(36:34):
QR code, connect with medirectly on LinkedIn, also
contact me via email or throughcell phone, text or call, and
you can also find our technicalinformation, case studies, white
papers our upcomingpresentations on our paradigmcom

(36:59):
website as well.

Speaker 1 (37:00):
Awesome.
Thank you, elias.
Feel free to put the link inthe chat box and I can also
upload into the lobby area sothat people can see these.
I have a couple of questionsactually more and more questions
from the audience.
One is from Bill Harley.
Nice talk, annalise.
What are some of your softwaresolutions and tools that can aid

(37:21):
in optimal print processcontrol over such a large range
of material type?

Speaker 3 (37:28):
So the way that we're able to utilize the broad range
of viscosities and materials isdue to our progressive cavity
pump design.
Progressive cavity pump designso I can follow up with you
after.
But essentially we're able tohave that progressive cavity
with the rotor and the statordesign that allows the volume

(37:48):
principle, volumetric dispense.
Therefore we're not pushingpressure or utilizing pressure,
we're utilizing more of amechanical dispense.

Speaker 1 (37:57):
Cool.
Next question is from MichelleHernandez.
Can patients' own cells beconverted to autograph-corrected
stem cells to be incorporatedinto these 3D implants?
I think that's the goal, but Idon't think we have done it yet.
Is that correct?

Speaker 3 (38:18):
Yes, and our focus here is to develop the systems
where the researchers can use todo those types of work.
We specifically we do nothandle cells in our facility
with our prints.
We rely on the partnerships orthe universities for that.

Speaker 1 (38:34):
Yeah, I think certainly non-human cells have
been used for a variety ofpurposes, research mostly, and I
think that's the eventual goal.
But I think we're definitely agood five to 10 years from that
actually using patients' owncells, but it's not impossible
for sure.
All right, next question fromPayam Ruzard what kind of

(38:56):
cellulose you use to print withalginase, nanocellulose or just
normal cellulose?
You use to print with alginase,nanocellulose or just normal
cellulose?
If you use nanocellulose, is itnanocrystal or nanofiber?
Wow, okay, nanoexpert here.

Speaker 3 (39:12):
I can follow up with you.
I'm not specifically sure whichone that was printed with, but
I can definitely follow up withthe researchers and get you the
answer.

Speaker 1 (39:22):
Awesome.
Yeah, annalise, if you can, youcan put your contact info in
the you know chat box address toeveryone and whatever link that
you think is helpful also tothe live audience here.
Thank you so much for awonderful presentation and also
for sponsoring this event.
So thank you very much.
I will see you later at the endof the discussion time.

(39:44):
And now I'm going to introduceour next speaker, dr Jorge
Madrid-Wolf, with his name, weknow exactly where he came from,
but that's not true.
He is actually educated inSwitzerland, now works for
Readily3D.
He's a scientist for thecompany, and this is a fantastic

(40:07):
company.
It really has a very innovativeway of creating scalability in
the bioprinting space.
So, jorge, I'll let you take itaway.

Speaker 5 (40:16):
Thank you so much, jenny.
Thank you very much for theinvitation and to all the
attendees for being here.
It's really an honor for us toparticipate in this webinar.
We're very happy to be able toshare our technology with you
and, most importantly, today Iwill not be showing not only

(40:39):
what we do, but mostly what ourclients are doing with our
technology, hopefully to inspireyou a little bit on what can be
done.
So we are a company that makes3D printers, so we make
light-based 3D printers and wedo believe mostly that shape

(40:59):
brings function.
So this is a major question intissue engineering whether we
what like, to what extent shapeis necessary for function, and
we are true believers that thereis an advantage of having the
right shape to be able to givethe right cues for the cells,

(41:20):
for the tissues that we'refabricating, and that there is
an advantage to that.
So today I hope I will convey amessage that there is a need
for shape in tissue engineering.
So to tell you a little bitmore about what we do, we are a
spin-off from EPFL.
It's one of the two SwissFederal Institutes of Technology

(41:43):
.
We're located in Lausanne inthis beautiful landscape, so I
cannot complain.
It's been a couple of years fiveyears now that we were founded
and we commercialize 3D printerswith a focus on biofabrication.
Our printers are not layer bylayer fabrication.
How they work is that we uselight to project these

(42:04):
volumetric doses of energy intoour printing volume and truly
build the object all at once.
So it's a very fast process.
It takes typically less than 30seconds and then there is no
need for support like supportstruts.
We are truly printing intothese liquid resins and then

(42:25):
that can then be washed out andrinsed and then you have your
piece able, like you're able, touse the printed part.
It allows you to fabricatecentimeter scales with a lot of
free freedom to make creativegeometries, including cavities
and contours, and, being acontactless technology, there is

(42:47):
no contamination.
You get to print enclosed,sterile vials and there is no
shear stress, so extremely cellfriendly, which also allows you
to fabricate very soft materials, also very relevant for tissue
engineering.
Here's a little video of how itworks.
So this is a video from likerecorded within the printer.

(43:08):
So there's a camera in theprinter and this is real time.
I did cut off the first 20seconds of this video because
you just have the vial rotating.
What you don't see here is thelight that is projecting these
tomographic patterns.
But what you do see is that theobject in this case the model
of a rat artery not too scale,it's a little bit bigger is

(43:30):
being printed truly all at once,and this allows you to have
empty channels insidefundamental to recapitulate
vasculature ducts, all thesevery relevant anatomical
features, and then you just washout your construct and then you
can reclaim the material thatwas not cross-linked.
So it's a beautiful technologyinspired by computer and medical

(43:56):
tomography.
So how does it work?
If some among you have been tothe hospital and got a CT scan,
well, how it works is that youbasically get x-ray images of
your body from all possibleangles and then, with each of
these two-dimensional x-rayimages that you get, you can
reconstruct a three-dimensionalobject inside.

(44:18):
So we do roughly the same thing, but we don't use x-rays, we
use light, and instead ofcapturing pictures of the
three-dimensional object, weproject pictures into the center
, and this is what builds thethree-dimensional object.
So it's like a CT scanner, butthe other way around.
So basically, what the CT scandoes is that you take your

(44:41):
little slice of your boat, forinstance, in this case, a very
like our famous 3D Benchy boat,if you're familiar from it, from
additive manufacturing, and youcan calculate the set of x ray
projections that gives you thereconstruction.
Well, we have a powerfulcomputer doing this for you, and
then the printer will takethese images and then use light

(45:04):
visible light to build thatthree-dimensional object.
And this really happens withinthis polymerization process or
cross-linking process.
It really happens within 30seconds.
So then the question of okay,can we use shape to recapitulate
function?
And today I will be bringingthree examples to you on mammary

(45:28):
gland, photosynthetic bacterialmaterials and aligned cartilage
and cardiac cells, which arefrom our clients.
So none of the science behindthis is actually or the
bioprinting is done by us, it'sdone by our clients, but they're
doing beautiful things.
So I'm like we're happy toshare and like bring forward

(45:51):
what they're doing.
If you're curious, here are thereferences.
Don't hesitate to take them,take a look.
Most of them are very recentworks.
So for first I will be showingthis work from ATH Zurich.
They used our technology tofabricate these models of the
mammary gland.
So basically, they made theseduct models that they lined with

(46:15):
cells.
So they printed these very softduct models that they could
then line with cells.
So they printed this very softduct model so that they could
then line with cells coming fromprimary cells yeah, primary
cells, from human milk samplesdonated to them, and then,
beautifully enough, they couldshow that these cells, these
epithelial cells, were creatingthese soft, very thin layers of

(46:41):
cells, meaning building anepithelium, which is fundamental
for these gland-like structuresin the human body.
And then, most remarkably, theydemonstrated here I want to
focus on these two images in thecenter.
The one uh, well, I think I cando a laser pointer, sorry,

(47:04):
there you go.
So this image here in that inyellow you see this beta casein,
so this is a protein that isfound in human milk.
So they show that their cell,like the cells in their
constructs, in vivo wereproducing milk proteins.
And also here in red, you seethe red.
This is a dye that attaches tolipids in general, so also you

(47:28):
had the fatty composition ofmilk in vitro.
So what they were making werethese perfusible, duct-like
structures that were making likethey were producing mimicking
lactation in vitro, which I findquite remarkable.
Then there is this work onphotosynthetic living materials

(47:49):
that I found very inspiring andvery creative.
It's a very different approachto bioprinting.
Basically, what the researchersdid here was that, inspired by
Joshua trees, they created thesevery spongy like structures,
difficult to manufacture withmany other technologies but
fundamental, so that you couldhave the bacteria in it pulling

(48:13):
the liquid and also enough airand circulation so that there
could also be light to for thebacteria into these constructs.
And basically what they showedwas that they could develop
these materials with cells, likewith bacterial cells already
inside, that they could grow forup to one year and then,
beautifully enough, that theycould also make capture carbon,

(48:36):
sequester carbon through theproduction of carbon
precipitates, so like thenon-spiky structures that you
see in this SEM image, but alsothrough the accumulation of
biomass.
So basically what they're?
It's a beautiful work incollaboration with their
Department of Architecture, inwhich they develop new materials

(48:58):
that create carbonates from 3Dprinted structures.
So a new approach to maybeeventually fixing our buildings
with 3D printed bacterialstructures, who knows?
Then there is also this otherwork, this one here we go back
to, mimicking human tissues, andthis is a nice feature of our

(49:20):
technology is that it can beused to fabricate these very
fibrous structures, which aregreat to guide the growth of
cells.
So here in the hydrogel inwhich you're printing, so the
resin that you use, which can beladen with cells before
printing, so you don't have topopulate the scaffold afterwards
, you can populate it beforeprinting.

(49:42):
Well, what you do is that youcreate this very aligned fibre
structure that then cells willuse.
Here the hydrogel is shown inred and then the cells are shown
in green and you see that overthe course of the different days
these cells begin to align andto elongate.
So using these fibers as aguidance allows them to

(50:03):
recapitulate their proper shape.
So not just having cells thatlook like blobs, but having
cells that are elongated as theyshould be in native tissue.
And then you see that there isan increase in the aspect ratio
over the course of time.
And what is really nice aboutthis is that it has been used,
for instance, to recapitulatethe production of collagen by
human chondrocytes in vitro.

(50:24):
So if you just place humanchondrocytes in a bulk hydrogel
that does not contain collagen,you will see that, well, they
secrete some collagen, but yousee that most cells look just
like blobs and then there's alittle collagen secretion.
Whereas if you use ourtechnology to produce this
filamented hydrogel structure,you see that first, cells are

(50:47):
more elongated, which is morelike biomimetic, and, most
remarkably, that they areproducing these long fibers of
collagen that were not there inthe initial hydrogel.
And this one I really, reallylike it's not only can you use
it to fabricate cartilage tissue, but also cardiac tissue.

(51:08):
So here, instead of loading itwith chondrocytes oops, sorry,
my bad they load the hydrogelwith cardiomyocytes and the
alignment allows to replicatethis like the typical structure
of muscular tissue, which thenallows you to have contractile
cardiac constructs in vitro.

(51:28):
This is also real time, so youhave this beating of these
cardiac tissue models.
So what is it behind what we doin our company is we want to
make 3D printing and, mostimportantly, bioprinting just
like basically a tool for theresearchers.

(51:49):
So we don't want like they'redoing amazing science, but their
science mostly occurs in thedevelopment of new material, so
before printing, or in thebiofabrication step, so
basically after printing.
And what we want is that wewant to make this step of
actually printing to be as easyas possible.
So for this we have designedour Tomolite, our light-based

(52:12):
printer, so that you can use itwith sterile, autoclavable vials
.
To make it compact, you don'thave to have the printer into
the biosafety cabinet, it can bejust anywhere else in the lab
and then you can have your vialsprepared in under sterile
conditions.
There are no open vats, so notmuch lower risk of contamination
and also like no messy surfaces, and then you can also reclaim

(52:36):
the anchored resin.
So it's a it's very convenientand it's a nice device like it's
easy to share and use, which iswhat we want to do in our
technology.
The library of materials islarge and growing.
So we it's an open platform bydesign.
But we also in partnership withbio inks, our company, a

(53:00):
company in Belgium, we have,like we commercialize gelatin,
methacrylate hydrogels andpolycaprolactone that can be
printed with our machines.
But our users have also gottenvery creative in ways of
printing acrylates,thioline-based hydrogels,
silicones, ceramics, even glass,and then it's compatible with

(53:23):
any light trigger chemistry.
So it's a very versatileplatform also to develop new
materials.
There is also the advantage thatas you're printing fast, well,
you get replicates fast, so yourstatistics are more robust with
less time invested.
That can be very interestingfor in vitro studies.
And, most importantly, well,what is it that comes next?

(53:46):
So we're getting more and moreactive on making the machine
compatible with other forms ofprinting and stimulation.
So we have added thesemulti-wavelength add-on to our

(54:06):
printer which allows us toproject light of up to four
different wavelengths into theprint volume.
So you could think of differentchemistries, you could think of
light stimulation into theconstruct.
There are many ways in whichthis can be exploited and you
get micron, like in the order of10 micron resolution for all
wavelengths, so opticalresolution in our projection

(54:26):
system.
And then we're alsoincorporating given that we have
a camera into the printer.
We're incorporating machinevision so that, for instance, we
can produce layered spheremodels.
Layered sphere models veryuseful now for spheroid studies,
in which you could havedifferent types of cells, for

(54:48):
instance, in each of the layers.
Also, you could encapsulateorganoids that you put into your
hydrogel and then build chipsaround them.
So instead of having a chip inwhich you have to put your
organoid inside, well, here youcreate this soft hydrogel based
chip that you can perfuseafterwards with your organoid
entrapped inside, and then youcan circulate media through it.

(55:09):
And also you could makecomposite materials.
So here in this particularvideo, you have a very stiff
mesh so that you can print softhydrogels dyed in blue without
them collapsing, so that thecells will sense a soft material
, whereas the researcher willhave a stiff enough construct so

(55:32):
that it does not collapse overhandling.
And with this I just want toconclude.
So what we're doing at uhreadily 3D is working on
versatile cell-friendlybioprinters so that we can
enable researchers to bridge thegap between shape and function
in tissue engineering andincluding models, for instance

(55:52):
for the mammary gland,contractile cardiac tissue
models, cartilage models orcarbon-fixing bacteria, for
instance.
And with this, please don'thesitate to contact us if you
have any questions, at contactat readily3dcom.
Do look at us, look up us onthe internet and, yeah, or

(56:14):
through LinkedIn, and I'm happyto take your questions.
Thank you very much.

Speaker 1 (56:18):
One question, Jorge If people email that email
address, are you going to readthat email?

Speaker 5 (56:23):
Yes, of course we do.
We read every email, that'sthat's his email.

Speaker 1 (56:27):
Yeah, why don't you put that in the chat later?
We have a couple of questionsfrom the audience.
One question is how do youmanage to work with cells that?
Are they embedded in hydrogelor are they post-seeded?

Speaker 5 (56:42):
So both options are possible.
For instance, the mammary glandmodel, that one was printed in
a decelularized extracellularmatrix hydrogel which did not
contain any cells upon printingbut then it was seeded with
epithelial cells the example ofthe bacteria, for instance, or
the cartilages or the cardiactissue those were hydrogels that

(57:04):
contained cells prior toprinting.
So you have this hydrogel withcells mixture that then you
build the scaffold in and thenyou have your cells living in
their house.
So you don't have to build ahouse for the cells and then to
move in.
They are into, like in theirhouse when it gets fabricated
basically.
So both strategies are possiblethank you for clarifying that.

Speaker 1 (57:27):
Next question from vj how does the transparency of
material effect affect the printfidelity?
How do you overcomeoverexposure?

Speaker 5 (57:37):
yes, so optically like.
Our technology works best withoptically clear materials, so we
can also print in hydrogelsthat contain cells.
It's not that they have to betransparent, it's that they have
to be translucent.
So we cannot print in opaquematerials.
This is not possible.
Light must penetrate through,but some degree of optical

(58:00):
transmission is necessary.
So most hydrogel basedmaterials are optically quite
clear.
Extracellular matrices.
You can make them clear withoutneeding to introduce things.
It's just basically properlymixing them in an aqueous medium

(58:22):
.
So yes, you do need some opticaltransmission to fabricate
things in them.

Speaker 1 (58:32):
That is a requirement .
Is the machine going to tellthe person who's using it that
if the transparency is adequate,so machine is no, but our
guidelines do okay, you have aguideline okay that's good to
know exactly, yes, all right.
Next question is it possible towork with multi-material,
multi-cell approach with thistechnology?

Speaker 5 (58:52):
I think you kind of addressed that yes, so it is
possible and it has beendemonstrated, to print in
heterosellular mixes.
So basically, a hydrogelcontaining several types of
cells inside, or doing itsequentially, so you can do it
at once.
If you don't need to have yourcells placed at different spots,
like, let's say, if you want tomake a tissue in which you have

(59:15):
, I don't know, umroblasts andvascular cells together, well,
you can do this by mixing themfrom the start.
But if you want to separatethem, you can then actually
sequentially include each ofthem, each of the different
materials with different typesof cells in different locations,
so you get also spatialresolution from this.

(59:36):
There's also a beautifulexample of using light not just
to print but also to decoratethe hydrogel with growth factors
.
So you can engineer yourchemistry so that you can attach
different molecules atdifferent places into the
hydrogel and then you can guidecell differentiation spatially.

(59:56):
So this is also like somehydrogels, in particular,
thioline.
Chemistries are very versatileand open great avenues for this.
So don't hesitate to contact meon this.
I can give you more informationon how to use light to decorate
your constructs spatially.

Speaker 1 (01:00:18):
Cool.
I've seen quite a few articlesrecently published just within
the same jail bath just playingaround with different light
settings and actually can getdifferent kind of material or
mechanical properties coming out.

Speaker 5 (01:00:34):
Exactly.
That's also a nice feature isthat you can use the light dose
to control this degree ofstiffness, so you can have
material that are softer in someregions or more porous in some
regions, and then you can usethis to guide your cell
maturation afterwards.
So it also opens lots ofpossibilities, and then, yeah,

(01:00:56):
researchers get creative withthese opportunities.

Speaker 1 (01:00:59):
Yeah, fascinating.
So, Jorge, yeah, feel free toput your contact or whatever
format you want people to get intouch with you and see you soon
.
Again, I'm going to introduceour final speaker, but not the
least is.
Dr Carolina Valente, and wetruly have a really
international speaker here.
I mean, we have panels, peoplemove to different countries and

(01:01:20):
start a company, and Carolina isthe CEO and co-founder of Voxel
Bioinnovation, a startuplocated in Canada Vancouver, is
that correct?
Victoria, yeah, and then Ireally have seen this company
from zero to one and she's at avery good stage right now Still

(01:01:44):
early, but very promising.
Um, carolina, I'll let you takeaway.

Speaker 4 (01:01:47):
Um, thank you, jenny, can you hear me?
Okay?
Yeah, perfect, perfect, okay.
So hello everyone.
I'm dr carolina valente.
As jenny said, I'm the ceo andcso of Voxel.
My background is in tissueengineering and bioprinting and
Voxel was born out of meactually using biopsy samples
from the hospital and trying towork with those biopsy samples.

(01:02:10):
Those were breast cancer biopsysamples and they were hard to
obtain.
They were hard to manipulateand I thought there has to be a
way to do this artificially, andthat's how Voxel was born.
So the focus with Voxel iscreating vascularized tissue
models, and we are starting thefield with oncology.
So this is like the idea of ourtissue.

(01:02:31):
This is, of course, much biggerthan the reality.
But a little bit more about us.
Voxel was founded in 2020, sowe are five years old.
We are operational in Victoria,bc, canada, so very close to
Vancouver.
What is important about Voxelis we have built our entire
technology, which means thateverything that we use has been

(01:02:53):
developed and created by ourteam.
We hold 100% of our IP.
We have a 12,000 square feetspace facility in which we are
producing the tissues,synthesizing the bio-inks,
creating all the assays andrunning all the screening
processes for these tissuesinside of our facility and as

(01:03:17):
many other types of bioprintingtechnology.
What we see is there aredifferent approaches where we
can go.
We could go to the personalizedmedicine space, we could go to
the tissue replacement space ororgan replacement space.
Where voxel is playing, at leastin the initial space for now is
in the drug development process.
So while we see the drugdevelopment process.

(01:03:38):
So while we see the drugdevelopment process for those of
you that don't know, it's theprocess in which pharmaceutical
companies go to take a drug froman idea all the way to the
market.
While we see.
This is a long process.
It takes about 15 years, so one, five, 15 years and costs more
than $2 billion.
And the problem with thisprocess is, once you're testing

(01:04:01):
the drugs in the lab, you'rehaving some indication if that
drug is working or not workingand then from there you're
making decisions in when thisdrug is going to be tested in
humans.
The challenge of what ishappening is when the drugs go
to phase one, clinical trial,which is the first time that
those drugs are tested in humans.
Most of them fail the failurerate.

(01:04:23):
When we think about oncologyfield, which is again the first
field box I was playing a rolein is about 95%.
So there is a lack oftranslation, clearly, a lack of
translation from the lab toclinical trials.
We need more complextechnologies.
So these animal models havebeen used as a gold standard for

(01:04:44):
a long time.
That is not much translation.
With animal model.
We have been curing cancer inmice for many, many years.
So the idea is, can we create aplatform that can actually
provide reliable andtranslatable information?
And that is this movement, thatis this change, and that is in
this change that Voxel is alsoincorporating some of the

(01:05:07):
approaches that we are takingwith our technologies.
What we are seeing is a changein the market, a change in the
ways that drugs are being testedand the way the tests are being
done right now.
So the FDA Modernization Actcame in 2022 to propose
alternatives to different typesof animal testing and to be

(01:05:31):
using this type of technology iscalled NAMS, which is New
Approach Methodologies, and someof the alternatives to test, to
do the animal testing, wasprovided as bioprinted tissue
models On top of computer models, which, again, we are seeing a
lot of AI type of companies thatare also playing a role, and
they are very complementary toVoxel's technology.

(01:05:52):
Fast forward from 2022 to now.
What we are seeing.
2025 has been a big year withmany, many proposed new changes,
with FDA proposing a roadmap toreduce animal model usage in
preclinical testing, startingwith monoclonal antibodies and
then moving to other drugs lateron, and we're also seeing a

(01:06:13):
shift in funding and the waythat experiments that are only
animal model, without using anyother technology or
complementary technology.
The funding is changing, thelandscape is also changing, so
Voxel is here as a solution.
What we are really focused onin Voxel is using bioprinting
technology to createvascularized tissue models,

(01:06:35):
starting now with the oncologyfield.
The beauty of our technology isthe vasculature is fairly
complex.
Our tissue is scalable.
It's very reproducible.
We have a very, veryhigh-resolution bioprinting
technique and, as Jenny wassaying, it's very beautiful to
sit in this panel because eachone of us is using a different
type of bioprinting techniqueprinting technique and the

(01:07:01):
beauty of this tissue.
They are created with athoughtful approach towards the
biolink and the materials thatwe are incorporating in there
and, of course, they are freefrom any physical boundary.
So we incorporate three pieces.
So I call these three pieces ofthe puzzle one, two and three
that come together to createnumber four, which is our tissue
models.
So one is our software thatdevelops the 3D vasculature

(01:07:24):
environment stands to ourprinter and the printer number
three in there, very, very highresolution.
We go deeper into it and thematerials are also very
important components.
So the integration of thesethree components, they come
together to create the tissuemodels and I'm going to show you
a very quick video that showsthe creation of this human-like

(01:07:46):
cancer tissue models byincorporating our very, very
high-resolution bioprintertogether with our software that
generates the blood vessels andour materials, that is, our
printer's cartridge.
The result is a model thatcontains real cells and an
artificial vasculature and theidea is very simple let's inject

(01:08:06):
the drugs through thevasculature and see how the
drugs are moving from thevasculature into the rest of the
tissue.
This is exactly the same waythat happens inside of the body
and can we get initial insightson how this drug is functioning
or not functioning.
So I will focus a little bit onon the bio ink and a little bit

(01:08:30):
on the printer before I go tothe models.
But the ink, as I said, it'sdeveloped by us and the goal
with this ink is really beingable to mimic that extracellular
matrix environment and thereason for that is that
stiffness, the chemicalproperties, the behavior of that
environment will affect howcells behave and of course our
goal is to get as close aspossible to the human

(01:08:52):
environment.
Our bioprinter is a two-photonpolymerization bioprinter.
Our resolution is 500nanometers and, just out of
curiosity, the focal point inwhich that printer, the laser,
makes inside of the material,when in the printing process
that focal point is called thevoxel that's where kind of our

(01:09:12):
name came from.
We spend a lot of time makingsure that the tissues coming out
of this printer contain atleast 80% plus cell viability.
These tissues, they are createdto be able to be viable and
used for 21 days and we areextending that to a month.
They have a customizablevasculature, they've recreated

(01:09:34):
the tumor microenvironment andthe goal here is to be able to
run efficacy and vasculartoxicity in the same platform.
What you see there in green inthis sparkling image is a
simulation of the experimentalresults of mimicking a
chemotherapy drug in green andthe biologics larger particles

(01:09:54):
in this sparkling image.
So with this platform we canreally create this.
We have this multiplexingcapability, so in the same
platform you can run multipletasks and you can really
manipulate these tissues as ifit was a real tissue.
The tissues are printed insideof a chamber that you can use to

(01:10:15):
mimic the flow, and we do havea high-throughput capability,
with these tissues also beingdone in a well-played format.
So we are not askingresearchers, pharma we're not
asking them to do anythingdifferently.
We are asking them to do betterand to use voxel's tissue
instead.
What you also see there in thelast image on the bottom right

(01:10:36):
is our beautiful heel vac.
That is our endothelial liningon the vasculature.
So in my next minutes here thatI have, I'm going to focus on
very different case scenariosthat we use to study this
technology and I'm not going togo too deep on anything, but I'm
going to give you a bitoverview of what we have been

(01:10:57):
investigating.
Our first study was a triplenegative breast cancer tissue
that is a part of my mom is theinspiration towards this is what
we started Voxel.
My mom had triple negativebreast cancer throughout her
entire life, so we started inthere and we investigated this
with this tissue, withPaclitaxel, which is a very

(01:11:19):
commonly used chemotherapy drug,and what we saw is, of course,
severely increased resistancebut on top of that, non-molar
concentration of sensitivity,which is really, really
important.
And lastly, what we alsoobserved is a specific phenotype
behavior of those cells in thatenvironment.
So with this data we decided tothen move forward towards the

(01:11:44):
lung cancer environment, and thelung cancer environment is a
project with two partners inGermany.
These are patient-derivedsamples.
What we created is a tissue thatis no small cell lung cancer,
which is about 80% of the lungcancer type.
So it's a very, very seriouscancer type and what you see
there in pink is the formationof these very beautiful

(01:12:06):
spheroids of the cancer, thelung spheroid and after that we
injected T-cells.
So this group is working withus on they are developing TCRT,
so basically T-cell receptortherapy type, and we are
injecting those two cells to thevasculature and seeing T-cell
extravasation, labeled in greenin there, from the vasculature

(01:12:29):
into the cancer area.
What we are really goingforward now is increasing the
complexity, as I mentioned, isnot just thinking about the
noctilio cells, the cancer cells, the stroma cells, which play a
role in that environment, butalso incorporating the immune
system, which is highly, highlyrelevant, especially in this

(01:12:51):
immuno-oncology space, which isthe space that we have been
doing some experiments right now.
Combining with that, we alsohave a very strong hardware and
software team that worksparallel to our tissue
engineering team in reallymaking sure that all the flow
that is happening inside of thevasculature is actually

(01:13:12):
physiologically relevant,because this is fairly important
the delivery of the drugs.
This will play a huge role onhow these drugs are distributed
and it will affect the tissue.
So we do computational fluiddynamics and the goal really is
to make sure that we arematching wall shear stress, so
how much stress the cells arefeeling in there, what's the

(01:13:35):
flow that is passing to thevasculature and getting to a
point where we are operatingunder a range of human capillary
vessels.
So again experiments, then amimicking simulation,
simulations thentele-experiments.
So that's the go back and forth.
But the idea here is reallymimicking what the cells are
experiencing in that environment, because we also develop our

(01:13:57):
own bio-inks.
We also have been testing ourown bio-inks with extrusion
printers.
The ink is universal in a sense, that can be used in any
bioprinting type.
It's also the ink that we usefor our tissues.
So we have done multiplestudies with our inks, with
non-small cell lung cancer, butalso triple negative.
The ink behaves beautifully inthe extrusion, which also

(01:14:21):
display a very, very high cellviability.
So good shear-fitting behavior,which is what you need, and
also temperature-dependent,which means that you can tune
the properties of that ink.
Lastly but not least, we alsohave a collaboration with the BC
Cancer.
So the BC Cancer is a cancerinstitute here in BC that is

(01:14:42):
connected in our case here ourtissues and then correlate that
with clinical data and animaldata that they currently have.

(01:15:07):
Today.
You only heard from me, but ittakes a village to get to where
we are and, as Jenny mentionedin the beginning, we are fairly
early stage.
But Voxel has done so so muchin this past five years and we
are about to accomplish a lotmore in the upcoming months.
There is a lot of news that arecoming from Voxel that are very
, very exciting, but it takes avillage to get to where we are.

(01:15:31):
So we have a very strongmanagement team here Graham that
is leading the businessdevelopment, dr Boyce that is
leading the inks, dr Poon thatis brilliantly leading the
tissue engineering developmentshe's absolutely brilliant and
Jeff Doyle that is leading theengineering side hardware and
software.
Our board has also been very,very strong.

(01:15:52):
So we have Marie Helene, whichis the president of Alta
Sciences, which is one ofCanada's largest CROs, and we
also have Doug Yeight that usedto be the CFO of Novo Nordics
Canada for the past 15 years.
Our mission is really toaccelerate the drug development
process and allow therapies tohit the market sooner.
I'm very proud to be leadingthis company and to say that

(01:16:15):
VoxR is 50% women and 50%immigrant, and together we shape
the future of preclinicaldevelopment.
And before I close, I just wantto say andy garcia is there,
because we are going to have ashort documentary with him being
released next month.
So the moment is really thejourney I'll also share with you

(01:16:36):
.
Um, thank you very much.
I'm happy to answer anyquestions fantastic, love it.

Speaker 1 (01:16:43):
Maybe one day we can produce our own documentary
about this whole.
Thank you very much.
I'm happy to answer anyquestions.
Fantastic.

Speaker 3 (01:16:47):
Love it.

Speaker 1 (01:16:48):
Maybe one day we can produce our own documentary
about this whole community.
It's such a fascinating groupof people.
All right, we've got a coupleof questions from the audience.
Ok, let's see Bill Harley.
Fantastic talk, Carolina.
What are some of the keyfeatures you're focusing on to
overcome reproducibilityobstacles in your oncology
models?

Speaker 4 (01:17:07):
Yeah, the reproducibility is important.
So reproducibility, we speak indifferent ways.
One of them is from the tissuestructure itself, so that's very
, very reproducible.
As I said, bill, our technologyis 500 nanometer resolution, so
the tissues, they look andbehave exactly the same way.
But then there is areproducibility on the cell type

(01:17:27):
too.
So we operate on the verystrict parameters of coefficient
of variation within the company.
So we're very, very serious QC.
So all tissues are tested andall tissues are validated to be
within 10% of variants in there.
So when people are working withus, the tissues they look and

(01:17:48):
behave the same way, and that isvery, very important, one of
the challenges when we think,for example, about organoids and
other types of preclinicals.
So you're absolutely rightthere on the point in which
reproducibility is highlyimportant.
Thank you for your question.

Speaker 1 (01:18:02):
Yeah, that's a great question.
Also, that's the strength ofbioprinting itself, so we have
improved precision in everything, okay.
Another question from MichelleHernandez Are patients' own
biopsies placed in thesevascularized in vitro for
determination or best cancertherapy?

Speaker 4 (01:18:21):
That is the future, michelle.
So this is the whole reason whyI started this company was to
go towards that in the future.
We call this a space where itis a personalized medicine space
.
So it's not necessarily abiopsy sample, but it would be,
for example, maybe extracting abiopsy sample but taking the
cells and then replicating thatinside of this tissue, so the

(01:18:42):
cells of the patients that aremixed with our bio-inks and
recreated this tissue.
So this is definitely thefuture where we see Voxel's
technology potentially going,and that is a very impactful
field.
Right, it's a field in whichyou're dealing directly with the
patient.
Regulatory process is differentin there versus the preclinical
right now that we are playing arole.

(01:19:03):
So that's also something toconsider.
But it's definitely somethingthat I have in mind and that was
the reason why I started thiscompany.
So, thank you.
I hope that answered yourquestion.
So, thank you.

Speaker 1 (01:19:14):
Yeah, I mean I think your product has impact in
multiple fronts.
One is we have a rise of cancer, especially actually in the
younger population, for whateverreason, and two is the
complication and mortalitycoming from the treatments
itself is actually a significantpercentage of mortality from
cancer.
So I don't know if people knewthat everything therapeutics

(01:19:36):
that didn't really work out, youknow, actually harm you as well
.
So it really is a battle on twofronts.
Let's see another question howlong does it take to fabricate
the vasculatures shown using thetwo-photon printer that you've
shown here?

Speaker 4 (01:19:52):
Yeah, so fairly fast.
So we can print that in minutes.
So at this scale it's minutesin here, so these tissues can be
fabricated fairly fast.
Right now at the company wehave parallel bioprinters, so we
have two.
Right now the printer is inours, it was created by us and
we have a couple more indevelopment in the pipeline.
But we are talking aboutminutes scale here.

Speaker 1 (01:20:15):
Awesome.
Well, thank you, carolina.
I'd like to invite all thepanelists to be on screen now
we're reaching the final stageof our conversation here, and
thank you so much for the greatpresentation, carolina.
Always a pleasure to have you,thank you.
So I have posted a couple ofquestions that I have, but I
want to start with a recentworkshop with FDA and NIH,

(01:20:38):
because you know, we have a newadministration, new leadership,
and I just want to.
We have a new administration,new leadership, and I just want
to know, from a regulatoryperspective, do you guys have
any comments of you know whatthey can do better to enable
this field in general?

Speaker 4 (01:20:53):
I think I think, like I think they are starting we
have been seeing.
It was interesting because theFDA Modernization Act in my
point of view it came out in2022 and from there on it kind
of stayed more or less the same.
No one was talking too muchabout it and we saw the European
division is a lot more activeon that, but no one was really
talking too much about it in theFDA side.

(01:21:16):
And then this year we have beenseeing big, big changes, or at
least big proposed changes.
Um, since q1 until now, likethey announced the phasing out
in april.
They announced the nih change.
The nih is announcing changesright now in june.
So things are definitelyevolving in the right direction.
Um, and they have created whatis called the I standand program

(01:21:39):
.
That stands for InnovativeScience, technology Approaches
of New Drugs, and this programis really for companies like
Voxel, like us talking here,that can engage with the FDA in
a way to show case that thetechnology has the potential to
really play a big role on theplatelet count side.
So that's my take.

Speaker 1 (01:21:59):
Fantastic Carolina.
If you don't mind, can you typethat into the chat so that
people can search for it.
Absolutely, absolutely.
And, mike, what do you think,on the therapeutic side of in
terms of regulatory pathway, iseasier for you or harder for you
?
Now, yeah, you know, I thinkthey do better.

Speaker 2 (01:22:14):
I think by and large we're in kind of a wait and see
mode right now.
There's been a lot of talkabout things that could improve
and you know that would bewonderful and welcome.
There's also, you know, somereal challenges right now.
You know, for folks who arelooking to schedule an interact
meeting.
Right now those are basicallyfrozen.
You can't really get one andyou know that's definitely going

(01:22:37):
to be a governor for some kindsof programs out there.
You know I think they'relooking at two years out right
now as the next date you canschedule some of these meetings
and I think that's largely dueto staffing.
So we'll see how that coursecorrects.
But I do think that you knowearly interaction with the
agency is a key to successfultherapeutic development and

(01:22:59):
right now, you know it would bereally encouraging to see more
emphasis put on that as we moveforward.

Speaker 1 (01:23:05):
Yeah, let's hire them back.
That's what I'm going to say Alot of firing and a lot of
rehiring.
Anyways, next question is youknow we often talk about, you
know how all the products we'retalking about on this webinar
are going to reach human beingsnext 10, 20 years?
That's just way too long.
I want you guys to tell me whatI'm supposed to be, what I

(01:23:26):
could see in the next three tofive years.
I'll start with Mike, sinceyou're on camera now.

Speaker 2 (01:23:34):
Yeah, I mean we'll be in the clinic in less than
three years, We'll be in humanpatients and we expect, you know
, approval.
This decade is a possibilityfor what we're working on.
We also have a pipeline ofother therapeutics that we
expect to be able to expandpretty dramatically beyond just
insulin delivery.
As we, you know, today platformcompanies are not really in
vogue to finance, but this,fundamentally, is a real

(01:23:56):
platform technology.
So we have a pathway that canlet us, you know, address some
other really significantchallenges in the world where,
over the course of the nextdecade, we could introduce two
to three therapies into not justthe clinic but into actual
routine patient use.
And you know, it's going totake significant investment to
get there, but it is somethingthat we're, you know, we believe
is entirely possible.

Speaker 1 (01:24:17):
Not just investment, but hard work and persistence
and, you know, really put yourheart into your life, into it.
And you know, I can see this.
Your company can be or everycompany here can be the next
nova nordisk, for example.
It's the company I have in mindand, uh, yeah, that's awesome.
Uh, okay, what do you thinknext three to five years, what
can you see?

Speaker 5 (01:24:37):
so I think that that there is one way in which we're
already seeing this, and it'snot only in the clinic, but also
as consumers, for instance, forcosmetics and these kind of
products, where we see thattissue engineering is becoming
more and more relevant, and Ithink that more countries are,

(01:24:59):
for instance, moving faster andfaster towards the replacement
of animals into these studiesand then going for 3D culture,
which is a great opportunity inthe sense that, well, there are
reasons to be cautious, right,but here there are many reasons
to go fast and be aggressive,right, like, reducing the use of

(01:25:19):
animals is important, butproviding safe cosmetic products
is extremely important too.
So I think this is somethingthat is happening, not in three
years, but actually now, andit's a very exciting field
actually.

Speaker 1 (01:25:33):
Yeah, I mean, aside from the ethical issues with
animal mottos, is that they alsodon't work very well because
they're very different fromhuman beings.

Speaker 5 (01:25:43):
So yeah, Carolina Engineering, and then the
complexity of the tissue modelsthat we're able to, as a field,
produce, is already being ableto recapitulate those things.

Speaker 1 (01:25:57):
Yeah, exactly Carolina.
What do you think?
Three to five years.

Speaker 4 (01:26:08):
I think we are going to start seeing we won't see a
full replacement of animalmodels.
That is something that isimportant to emphasize in here.
Right, they have a certain roleon organ integration which is
very, very important anddifficult to explore right now
individually without being,again, an integrated system.
But what I think we'll see inthe drug development itself is
this NAMS type of technologyreally being one of the key

(01:26:31):
tools to get to clinicaldecisions.
So I think it's going to be alittle bit in the beginning
complimentary, which is it'snormal.
It's a new technology.
People are worried.
The safety is a big deal here,as it should be.
The beginning complimentary,which is it's normal, it's a new
technology.
If people are, world safety isa big deal here, as it should be
.
So I think in the beginningit's going to be a little bit
complimentary, as it is rightnow, until a point where it
starts being replacement andthen we want to get to

(01:26:53):
replacement.
So that's where I believe thefield is going in the in the
three to five years range andlongies.

Speaker 1 (01:26:59):
What do you think?
It's three to five.

Speaker 3 (01:27:08):
Yes, on our side of things and my company so we have
technologies that are utilizedalready in FDA processes, where
they're approved in terms ofpharmaceuticals and things like
that.
But on the bioprinting side ofthings, we're expecting the
future to push towards the FDAapprovals on everything.
So we're working to make surethat our systems are able to be

(01:27:28):
compatible and approved withinthat spec.

Speaker 1 (01:27:34):
Great.
Okay, we have a question fromthe audience for the panelists.
Great to see a range ofbioprinting processes here.
I would love to hear a debateof form versus function.
I think somebody I think, jorge, you mentioned it right A form
is more important.
But anyone who disagree withthat statement is the question

(01:27:56):
and love to hear some verbalfistfight on this.

Speaker 4 (01:28:02):
I think it's form leads to function too, so I
think it's more like that.
It's not what is more important.
I think they are very, veryparallel, and that's the reason
why the body is fully 3D right,because form leads to function,
and I think that's more likeGeorgia.
I don't want to speak for you,but I think it's also a little
bit of the intention here, soI'll pass it to you.

Speaker 5 (01:28:26):
Exactly it's how can we enhance function from form
and from shape?
Right, it's beautiful, right,that our cells are able, for
instance, to gauge, for instance, curvature and, based on that,
secrete more or less of a givenprotein.
And these kind of like, verylike micro scale physical cues

(01:28:51):
are necessary to recapitulateour anatomy.
So there is definitely need forshape so that we can recover
function.
Function at the end is our verygoal.
Right, it can be nice to have abeautifully shaped 3D printed
construct, but it's actuallywhat happens later on in the
biology.
That happens later on.

(01:29:12):
That is relevant for clinicalor therapeutics studies that
come afterwards, but shape isnecessary to mimic those.

Speaker 2 (01:29:26):
Yeah, I would add there's no question that you
know there's a complexstructure-function relationship
as a hallmark of biology.
We understand that and that youknow.
For most complex biologicalprocesses there's physical cues,
there are interactive effects,there's signaling that's
happening between the cells andtheir microenvironment around
them, and those are you know all.

(01:29:48):
There's an enormous complexityto that, and so being able to
recapitulate that becomes reallyimportant.
We like to think about the cellas the thing that does the work
, but cells never live inisolation, right?
There's no cell in your bodythat's not contacting with and
communicating with a ton ofstuff around it all the time.
So you have to give it theright environment, the right
extracellular matrix, the rightcommunication process, and what

(01:30:12):
I would argue is we often forgetthat the body is continuously
remodeling, and so you have toacknowledge what's the
environment in which I'm workingand how is that remodeling
going to also affect it?
I think about this a lot when wethink about blood vessels.
Years ago, it was very much invogue to think that if we were
ever going to 3D print a tissue,an organ, we're going to need

(01:30:34):
to be able to print all the waydown to the very last capillary
in that structure before we everthought about implanting it and
, frankly, that's insane.
Right, we're never going tohave to do that, because no
tissue in your body has a staticcapillary network.
They're constantly beingtrimmed and regrowing and this
is a constant evolving process.

(01:30:55):
So we have to think of anythingthat we're manufacturing to go
into the body to accommodatethat same kind of environment,
and so thinking about thedynamic environment and what can
you give the body where it isthe right structure and function
to start.
But it's also giving the bodythe cues hey, remodel over here
to make it perfect.
That's also a really importantpart of what we're doing.

Speaker 1 (01:31:17):
Yeah, that's really well said.
Annalise any comment on that?

Speaker 3 (01:31:22):
I don't have anything to add, but I also agree with
all the other panelists.

Speaker 1 (01:31:27):
Yeah, I think bioengineering really is a truly
perfect embodiment of thecombination of engineering
mindset and also theunderstanding of the complex
biology of human beings.
And in fact, I would say 90% ofthe body of knowledge is
probably not available yet andwe're still discovering it every
day.
Well, I may add to that yes,please.

Speaker 5 (01:31:49):
I don't think that we would need to figure everything
out before we don't.
Yes, exactly Like if we giveenough like, as you said, Mike,
an environment that issupportive enough, then we
should also let biology happen,right, and this should be the
actual quest.

Speaker 1 (01:32:10):
Great.
So I have one last question.
I think a lot of people herealready addressed that question,
which is scalability of thetechnology.
I think five, ten years ago Iwouldn't be able to even ask
this question, but now I wouldlike to ask you know, what are
the scalability strategies youhave?
You know we hear a lot ofthings in terms of machine
learning, automation, data-basedinnovation.

(01:32:33):
I'd love to just to hear yourthought on what is your strategy
moving forward from here.

Speaker 4 (01:32:42):
Well, on Voxel's end, definitely automation.
So there's a lot of automationthat is going into the printers
right now.
The tissues are, of course,they are small, so being able to
print them in a large quantityor moralize at the same time to
guarantee, again, nobatch-to-batch variation, is
also something that is very,very important.
So, yeah, integrating AI in ourprinting process, we're

(01:33:05):
integrating automation after theprinter has read and it starts
printing to really streamline.
So high-throughput is somethingthat we are keeping in mind and
something that is alsoimportant on this field.

Speaker 1 (01:33:18):
And what is the number that you're aiming
Carolina at the moment?
The throughput.

Speaker 4 (01:33:25):
So right now we are putting our plates at 24.
And so it simulates a 24 wellplate, and of course we want to
increase and go even more.
96 is the Holy Grail, but it'salso we need to think about.
It's not just high throughput,it's ease of usage and
everything else that comes withit, right?

(01:33:45):
So having more tissues doesn'tnecessarily mean you're going to
have more data if you don'tknow how to manipulate them in a
correct way.
So I would say we are startingwith 24 and seeing the idea with
Voxel's platform, because itshould be used right before
animal models.
We are not talking aboutthousands of candidates at that
point, we are talking about tensof candidates.
So, to put it important, but soit is.

(01:34:07):
As it was mentioned,reproducibility and guaranteeing
that the data is um is at leastin agreement with each other
got it slow but steady mike, not, not, not too slow, not too
slow, not too slow.
We started this, it was takingeight hours to print one tissue,
so we have come a long way fromeight hours to a few minutes.

Speaker 1 (01:34:28):
That's exponential.
Yes, I agree.

Speaker 2 (01:34:33):
You know, from our perspective I tell people all
the time the beauty of workingin a 3D bioprinted environment
is that 3D printing, at its core, is inherently automated from
the very first time.
You do it.
Right, you're talking about arobotic three-axis gantry
movement G-code.
We're talking about things thatare inherently easily thought
of in terms of the scale-upmodel and mentality.
You know I'd be reallyinterested in some of you know

(01:34:56):
Annalise's experience with sortof some of the small to large
scale up, because we're talkingabout things that we have
analogies from lots of fluiddeposition applications and
things that folks like Viscotechare really, really good at.
From our perspective, when wethink about a therapeutic, you
know there's 8 million peoplewith type 1 diabetes in the
world, so you know we would liketo be able to service as much

(01:35:16):
of that population as possibleas quickly as possible, and the
good news is that's a tractableproblem, right?
We're talking about on theorder of thousands of constructs
a day, not on the order ofmillions of constructs a day,
and thousands of constructs aday is actually really easy to
figure out.
One of the things I didn't getto talk about earlier with our
technology is it's much, muchfaster than most of the

(01:35:38):
deposition-oriented 3Dbioprinting technologies.
So we've done, I think, some ofthe fastest material deposition
work in the world because we'reable to work inside of that bath
and we actually gain certainbenefits from working at higher
speeds.
So some of the work that we doinherently means that getting to
that kind of scale of thousandsof constructs in a day is
really easy to see the pathforward on, to that kind of

(01:36:00):
scale of thousands of constructsin a day is really easy to see
the path forward on.
And so you know, combining thatsort of inherent automation
that exists to begin with, plusyou know the speed increases
that we're able to takeadvantage of.
And then, finally, you know wehave IP around and are really
excited around some of whatwe've done with in-process
imaging, because what we printis immobilized like some of the
kind of resin thought process.

(01:36:21):
But now we're doing deposition.
We can actually image andidentify exactly what was
printed in real time while we'reprinting it, which is really
impossible with any other sortof deposition oriented approach.

Speaker 1 (01:36:33):
Yeah, totally that's exciting, okay, Jorge.

Speaker 5 (01:36:40):
Yes, so currently, when you see these studies, n
equals 3, 5, if you're lucky andyou definitely need to go
beyond that, yeah, I think and Iwill second Carolina's comment
on this that you need like wewant.

(01:37:00):
When you have like, in biology,you will always have big
standard deviations, but youwant that standard deviation to
come from the biology thatyou're studying.
So if you have cells fromdifferent donors, of course
there will be variability, butyou don't want the variability
to come from the manufacturingprocess itself, and that is the

(01:37:20):
challenge and that is what we'reworking on on making the
technology precise andreproducible enough so that the
variability in the data actuallytells you the story about your
biology and not about themanufacturing process Exactly.
So this is what we invest ourSwiss engineering in, on making

(01:37:42):
things more and more precise.

Speaker 1 (01:37:45):
Like the watch, Like the watch exactly.

Speaker 5 (01:37:48):
Yes.

Speaker 1 (01:37:49):
Annalise any final thought on this.

Speaker 3 (01:37:52):
Yes, with Fisco Tech, and in terms of scalability, as
I mentioned, we currently havesystems in full production
stages.
It's not in a bioprintingprocess, but in aerospace and
automotive.
So we currently have systems infull production stages.
It's not in a bioprintingprocess, but in aerospace and
automotive, and pharmaceuticals.
So that's where our expertiselies.
So it's common for me to beover projects where it's more of

(01:38:15):
a lab scale design at first,and then it goes through
clinical phases and then intofull production.
While that's mainly aroundpharma I mentioned, it's not as
much on the bioprinting side,but we hope that that's where
it's trending.
And, with that being said, soour focus on the bioprinting
side is to have that fullprocess control over speed, over

(01:38:37):
pressure, over temperature andthings like that that we've
developed our devices to.
And then another interestingone is having a system where you
can essentially have multipleparadigms next to each other on
the same access, printingdifferent materials at the same
time or together.

Speaker 1 (01:38:57):
So that's the last thing I wanted to add.
Yeah, that's awesome.
I think this panel is reallyembodiment of where the frontier
of Bible printing is, and I'mreally excited to be able to
witness the evolution over theyears.
And again, I want to thank allthe audience and the speakers to
be here together and have thisconversation.
I think I learned a lotpersonally.

(01:39:18):
I hope you did too, and thisrecording will be on demand free
on Zoom, so if you have anycolleagues or friends who can
benefit from this, feel free toshare the link.
It'll be here for about twoweeks, so keep that in mind.
And well, thank you everyonefor coming joining us today and

(01:39:39):
I'll see you next time nextmonth, in fact, 3d printed
pharmaceuticals is what we'regonna do.
Okay, see you later next time.
Thanks, thank you.

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Episode #89 | The Bioprinting Frontier (Live Recording)

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.css-14f5ked{margin:0;word-break:break-word;display:-webkit-box;-webkit-box-orient:vertical;box-orient:vertical;-webkit-line-clamp:2;overflow:hidden;}Episode #89 | The Bioprinting Frontier (Live Recording)