September 25, 2023 • 11 mins
🌐 Embark on a Digital Odyssey with “Things Have Changed”! 🌐
Ever wondered how the maze of the internet came to be? Join us in our latest episode of “Things Have Changed” as we travel back in time to unveil the origins of the digital universe! 🚀
Featuring Voices from the Past:
- 🎙 Charley Kline: Hear from the young mind at UCLA in 1969, whose keystrokes would echo through time!
- 🎙 Bill Duvall: Listen to the collaborator from Stanford, making history alongside Charley!
- 🎙 Larry Roberts: Discover the visionary who sculpted the backbone of digital communication!
Snippets of History:
- Uncover the significance of ARPANET, the ambitious project funded by the United States Department of Defense! 💻
- Explore the intricate tapestry of innovations and the revolutionary concept of packet switching! 🌟
- Witness the development of TCP/IP, the universal language of the Internet! 🌍
Journey Through Decades:
- Relive the excitement of the 80s, the era of neon and the advent of domain names! 💫
- Reflect on the monumental transformation of the Internet, from a military tool to a global platform! 🔄
A Tale of Resilience and Foresight:
- Immerse yourself in stories of challenges, groundbreaking innovations, and limitless human ingenuity! 💡
- Ponder our digital past and look forward to the boundless potential of the future! 🌟
Join us on this enlightening journey through the digital ages and stay tuned for more episodes as we uncover the tales and transformations that have shaped our interconnected world! 🎧 Remember, in this ever-evolving digital landscape, Things Have Changed!
Links:
- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oIezCGjxV3A&t=318s
- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qkD4HVRnGJE&t=950s
- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7duyl0ZZ5BQ&t=227s
Mark as Played
Transcript
Episode Transcript
Available transcripts are automatically generated. Complete accuracy is not guaranteed.
Jed Tabernero (00:02):
Welcome to Bite-sized Tech Chronicles from
Things of Change podcast.
I'm your host, jed Tabernero,here to guide you through the
remarkable tales of technologythat have sculpted our digital
landscapes.
From the nostalgic buzz ofdial-up to the instantaneous
clicks of today, we've journeyedso far.
(00:22):
In this series, we'll unravelthe hidden stories and
monumental moments that havetransformed bites into a vast
interconnected universe.
Remember when social media wasjust media?
We'll explore the pivotalshifts, the innovations and the
unsung heroes that haveredefined communication and
(00:45):
brought the world closer, onepixel at a time.
So plug in, tune in and getready for a bite-by-by
exploration of our tech-infusedhistory.
Together, let's discover howthe tapestry of technology
continues to evolve, shape andconnect our world.
(01:05):
After all, things have changed.
Amidst the hustle of urban life, children now grow with the
expectation that the internet isjust another basic necessity.
Curious, how we got here?
Let's unravel the story of howthe internet was woven into the
(01:30):
fabric of our modern world.
Today's episode ConnectingContinents the Arpanet to the
Internet.
Hari Balakrishnan (01:40):
The Arpanet was essentially an overlay built
on top of the telephone net andin fact it was a hostile
overlay 1969, that's the yearwhen Arpanet, the precursor to
the internet we know today, sentits first message.
Jed Tabernero (01:57):
Fast forward to now.
We're in an era where 4.9billion people are connected
online.
That's more than half theglobal population, 500 hours of
video uploaded per minute, over350,000 Instagram stories shared
and approximately 4.1 milliongigabytes of data generated All
(02:21):
within an internet minute in2022.
Jaw dropping, isn't it?
How did we journey fromconnecting four universities to
uniting continents and buildinga trillion dollar economy?
Join me as we explore thedigital bridges and binary tales
(02:42):
that have intertwined our world.
Today we're journeying back tothe birth of the internet
through the eyes and voices ofCharlie Klein, bill Duvall and
Larry Roberts.
Charley Kline (02:57):
I was a student at UCLA at the time and I was
working in the group at UCLAthat was developing our end of
the hardware and softwareinterface to make this work, and
I was the one who was writingthe programs on our computer to
talk to the Arpanet.
Jed Tabernero (03:15):
After this, the year is 1969.
Young Charlie, immersed in theworld of computer science, is
about to send the first messageover Arpanet.
Bill Duvall (03:28):
I was the architect and the implementer of the
software on the SCS940 at SRI.
That basically was connectingto the Sigma 7 at UCLA.
Charley Kline (03:38):
It was on a terminal like this that I
actually attempted to connect tothe computer at SRI.
Jed Tabernero (03:44):
But this isn't just any project.
It's a venture funded by theUnited States Department of
Defense with a vision, a visionnetwork that could endure any
disruption.
Charley Kline (03:58):
I was typing on a teletype similar to this one
late October, on October 29th,we actually tried to communicate
, doing that the first couple oftimes it didn't work and then
we found the problems and lateron it did.
So I typed an L and I wanted,which my system received, format
it into a packet, send it tothe imp, send it to Bill's
(04:19):
machine, to the imp there, whichsent it to Bill's machine,
where he took it, and I guessBill had some monitoring
software on another terminal oryou could see what I was typing.
Bill Duvall (04:28):
I was looking straight into memory, actually,
oh, okay.
Jed Tabernero (04:30):
Bill Duvall, stationed at Stanford, and
Charlie Klein, at UCLA, wereabout to make history.
The message LO was transmittedbefore the system crashed,
symbolizing the birth of digitalcommunication and a glimpse of
the login to a new era.
Charley Kline (04:54):
And so I typed the L and he said he got the L
and his system took it, sent itback to me to print on my
terminal and my terminal printedthe L and I said great, I got
the L back.
And I typed the O same thing.
Then I typed the G and he saidwait a minute my system crashed.
Bill Duvall (05:14):
We had to rebuild the operating system, change the
buffer size, rebuild theoperating system and then reboot
it and fortunately it didn'ttake a long time.
It was probably 10 or 15minutes, I would guess.
Charley Kline (05:23):
Yeah, it seemed to me that the time from when he
told me it crashed he was goingto have to think about it for a
second and fix it to the timewe tried again was about a half
hour.
We got it working at 10.30, orat least that's when I logged
that it worked.
Jed Tabernero (05:35):
Answer Larry Roberts.
This visionary was alreadymaking waves at MIT when he was
brought into the ARPANET project.
He introduced a concept thatwould become the backbone of
digital communication Packetswitching.
Larry Roberts (05:52):
In 1958, I started using computers at MIT
and somehow the TXO had landedin their lap and I wound up with
my own personal computer for1959.
Worst personal workstation.
It was a beautiful system.
I only had 4K of memory.
But I went back in the logslater on and I found I had used
(06:14):
759 hours of computer timepersonally on the TXO during
that year and that was only likethree hours a day of my
personal computer time.
Jed Tabernero (06:25):
ARPANET, a beacon of innovation during the tense
years of the Cold War, had theambitious goal of creating a
robust and fail-safecommunication network.
Larry Roberts, the drivingforce behind its success, was
often hailed as the father ofARPANET.
Larry Roberts (06:47):
I now have essentially a message network,
communication network,time-shared computers together
so that a user at one systemcould, through his computer
system, call through the networkto execute programs in other
computer systems around theworld, around the country, and
(07:10):
the communications communitybasically thought we were all
crazy for talking about packetsrather than circuits.
In any case, we pursued doingthis, worked with the ARPANET
community of course, thought thecommunications technology was
fine because they were all fromthe computer field.
Jed Tabernero (07:26):
As we moved into the 70s, another turning point
emerged the development of TCPIP by Vince Cerf and Bob Kahn.
Hari Balakrishnan (07:38):
And in 1978, there was a really good decision
made to split TCP from IP and alot of that motivation was from
a group of people at MIT.
Jed Tabernero (07:49):
This protocol suite became the universal
language of the internet,enabling different networks to
communicate seamlessly.
Hari Balakrishnan (07:57):
Now, the reason why packet switching and
the TCP IP split won in theinternet compared to various
other proposals that werefloating around at the time, is
that this architecture, theinternet architecture, is Good
enough for everything, butoptimal for nothing.
Jed Tabernero (08:15):
Let's not forget the 80s, a time of neon and
innovation.
The internet welcomed theadvent of domain names,
transferring numeric IPaddresses into recognizable
names, opening the door to amore user-friendly digital world
.
Hari Balakrishnan (08:38):
On January 24th, apple Computer will
introduce Macintosh and you'llsee why 1984 won't be like 1984.
Jed Tabernero (08:49):
Picture the world adjusting to this new reality,
exploring the digital landscapewith wonder and anticipation.
The journey was filled withchallenges, yet each obstacle
led to groundbreakinginnovations that have defined
our interconnected world.
Larry Roberts (09:07):
Whereas most PCs today are primarily just text.
We'll have copies of thedocuments.
We'll have an optical diskwhich we see now as being
read-write.
Very high storage capacity,gigabytes of storage on the
optical disk and fitting in theslot in the PC beautifully.
Jed Tabernero (09:26):
From its inception as a military
communication tool to itsevolution into a global platform
for connection and knowledgesharing, the internet has
undergone a monumentaltransformation, thanks to
pioneers like Charlie, bill andLarry.
Hari Balakrishnan (09:45):
The ARPANET was the precursor to the
internet and it started notbecause we wanted to build a
communication network to preventit to work when there was
nuclear war or any of thesemajor disasters.
It actually had a very concretegoal Just allow people
computers were really expensivejust allow people, no matter
where they were to be able toharness the power of expensive
(10:07):
computing far away and make itlook, to the extent possible, as
if the computers were with you.
That was the vision.
Jed Tabernero (10:15):
And here we are in a world where the internet is
interwoven into the fabric ofour daily lives.
The digital realm continues toevolve and as we reflect on the
transformative journey, we'rereminded of the limitless
possibilities of human ingenuity.
Each keystroke, each connection, each innovation has been a
(10:40):
stepping stone to the boundlessdigital frontier we continue to
explore.
This tale of resilience,creativity and foresight invites
us to ponder our digital pastand look forward to the
boundless potential of thefuture.
Hey, thanks for joining ustoday on this enlightening
(11:02):
journey through digital ages.
We're trying something out, sobear with us as we find our
voice.
Stay tuned for more episodes ofThings of Change podcast as we
uncover the tales andtransformations that have shaped
the world and remember in thisever-evolving digital landscape
(11:24):
stay curious.
The information and opinionsexpressed in this episode are
for informational purposes onlyand are not intended as
financial investment orprofessional advice.
Always consult with a qualifiedprofessional before making any
decisions based on the contentprovided.
Neither the podcast nor itscreators are responsible for any
(11:49):
action taken as a result oflistening to this episode.
Welcome to Bite-sized Tech Chronicles from
Things of Change podcast.
I'm your host, jed Tabernero,here to guide you through the
remarkable tales of technologythat have sculpted our digital
landscapes.
From the nostalgic buzz ofdial-up to the instantaneous
clicks of today, we've journeyedso far.
(00:22):
In this series, we'll unravelthe hidden stories and
monumental moments that havetransformed bites into a vast
interconnected universe.
Remember when social media wasjust media?
We'll explore the pivotalshifts, the innovations and the
unsung heroes that haveredefined communication and
(00:45):
brought the world closer, onepixel at a time.
So plug in, tune in and getready for a bite-by-by
exploration of our tech-infusedhistory.
Together, let's discover howthe tapestry of technology
continues to evolve, shape andconnect our world.
(01:05):
After all, things have changed.
Amidst the hustle of urban life, children now grow with the
expectation that the internet isjust another basic necessity.
Curious, how we got here?
Let's unravel the story of howthe internet was woven into the
(01:30):
fabric of our modern world.
Today's episode ConnectingContinents the Arpanet to the
Internet.
Hari Balakrishnan (01:40):
The Arpanet was essentially an overlay built
on top of the telephone net andin fact it was a hostile
overlay 1969, that's the yearwhen Arpanet, the precursor to
the internet we know today, sentits first message.
Jed Tabernero (01:57):
Fast forward to now.
We're in an era where 4.9billion people are connected
online.
That's more than half theglobal population, 500 hours of
video uploaded per minute, over350,000 Instagram stories shared
and approximately 4.1 milliongigabytes of data generated All
(02:21):
within an internet minute in2022.
Jaw dropping, isn't it?
How did we journey fromconnecting four universities to
uniting continents and buildinga trillion dollar economy?
Join me as we explore thedigital bridges and binary tales
(02:42):
that have intertwined our world.
Today we're journeying back tothe birth of the internet
through the eyes and voices ofCharlie Klein, bill Duvall and
Larry Roberts.
Charley Kline (02:57):
I was a student at UCLA at the time and I was
working in the group at UCLAthat was developing our end of
the hardware and softwareinterface to make this work, and
I was the one who was writingthe programs on our computer to
talk to the Arpanet.
Jed Tabernero (03:15):
After this, the year is 1969.
Young Charlie, immersed in theworld of computer science, is
about to send the first messageover Arpanet.
Bill Duvall (03:28):
I was the architect and the implementer of the
software on the SCS940 at SRI.
That basically was connectingto the Sigma 7 at UCLA.
Charley Kline (03:38):
It was on a terminal like this that I
actually attempted to connect tothe computer at SRI.
Jed Tabernero (03:44):
But this isn't just any project.
It's a venture funded by theUnited States Department of
Defense with a vision, a visionnetwork that could endure any
disruption.
Charley Kline (03:58):
I was typing on a teletype similar to this one
late October, on October 29th,we actually tried to communicate
, doing that the first couple oftimes it didn't work and then
we found the problems and lateron it did.
So I typed an L and I wanted,which my system received, format
it into a packet, send it tothe imp, send it to Bill's
(04:19):
machine, to the imp there, whichsent it to Bill's machine,
where he took it, and I guessBill had some monitoring
software on another terminal oryou could see what I was typing.
Bill Duvall (04:28):
I was looking straight into memory, actually,
oh, okay.
Jed Tabernero (04:30):
Bill Duvall, stationed at Stanford, and
Charlie Klein, at UCLA, wereabout to make history.
The message LO was transmittedbefore the system crashed,
symbolizing the birth of digitalcommunication and a glimpse of
the login to a new era.
Charley Kline (04:54):
And so I typed the L and he said he got the L
and his system took it, sent itback to me to print on my
terminal and my terminal printedthe L and I said great, I got
the L back.
And I typed the O same thing.
Then I typed the G and he saidwait a minute my system crashed.
Bill Duvall (05:14):
We had to rebuild the operating system, change the
buffer size, rebuild theoperating system and then reboot
it and fortunately it didn'ttake a long time.
It was probably 10 or 15minutes, I would guess.
Charley Kline (05:23):
Yeah, it seemed to me that the time from when he
told me it crashed he was goingto have to think about it for a
second and fix it to the timewe tried again was about a half
hour.
We got it working at 10.30, orat least that's when I logged
that it worked.
Jed Tabernero (05:35):
Answer Larry Roberts.
This visionary was alreadymaking waves at MIT when he was
brought into the ARPANET project.
He introduced a concept thatwould become the backbone of
digital communication Packetswitching.
Larry Roberts (05:52):
In 1958, I started using computers at MIT
and somehow the TXO had landedin their lap and I wound up with
my own personal computer for1959.
Worst personal workstation.
It was a beautiful system.
I only had 4K of memory.
But I went back in the logslater on and I found I had used
(06:14):
759 hours of computer timepersonally on the TXO during
that year and that was only likethree hours a day of my
personal computer time.
Jed Tabernero (06:25):
ARPANET, a beacon of innovation during the tense
years of the Cold War, had theambitious goal of creating a
robust and fail-safecommunication network.
Larry Roberts, the drivingforce behind its success, was
often hailed as the father ofARPANET.
Larry Roberts (06:47):
I now have essentially a message network,
communication network,time-shared computers together
so that a user at one systemcould, through his computer
system, call through the networkto execute programs in other
computer systems around theworld, around the country, and
(07:10):
the communications communitybasically thought we were all
crazy for talking about packetsrather than circuits.
In any case, we pursued doingthis, worked with the ARPANET
community of course, thought thecommunications technology was
fine because they were all fromthe computer field.
Jed Tabernero (07:26):
As we moved into the 70s, another turning point
emerged the development of TCPIP by Vince Cerf and Bob Kahn.
Hari Balakrishnan (07:38):
And in 1978, there was a really good decision
made to split TCP from IP and alot of that motivation was from
a group of people at MIT.
Jed Tabernero (07:49):
This protocol suite became the universal
language of the internet,enabling different networks to
communicate seamlessly.
Hari Balakrishnan (07:57):
Now, the reason why packet switching and
the TCP IP split won in theinternet compared to various
other proposals that werefloating around at the time, is
that this architecture, theinternet architecture, is Good
enough for everything, butoptimal for nothing.
Jed Tabernero (08:15):
Let's not forget the 80s, a time of neon and
innovation.
The internet welcomed theadvent of domain names,
transferring numeric IPaddresses into recognizable
names, opening the door to amore user-friendly digital world
.
Hari Balakrishnan (08:38):
On January 24th, apple Computer will
introduce Macintosh and you'llsee why 1984 won't be like 1984.
Jed Tabernero (08:49):
Picture the world adjusting to this new reality,
exploring the digital landscapewith wonder and anticipation.
The journey was filled withchallenges, yet each obstacle
led to groundbreakinginnovations that have defined
our interconnected world.
Larry Roberts (09:07):
Whereas most PCs today are primarily just text.
We'll have copies of thedocuments.
We'll have an optical diskwhich we see now as being
read-write.
Very high storage capacity,gigabytes of storage on the
optical disk and fitting in theslot in the PC beautifully.
Jed Tabernero (09:26):
From its inception as a military
communication tool to itsevolution into a global platform
for connection and knowledgesharing, the internet has
undergone a monumentaltransformation, thanks to
pioneers like Charlie, bill andLarry.
Hari Balakrishnan (09:45):
The ARPANET was the precursor to the
internet and it started notbecause we wanted to build a
communication network to preventit to work when there was
nuclear war or any of thesemajor disasters.
It actually had a very concretegoal Just allow people
computers were really expensivejust allow people, no matter
where they were to be able toharness the power of expensive
(10:07):
computing far away and make itlook, to the extent possible, as
if the computers were with you.
That was the vision.
Jed Tabernero (10:15):
And here we are in a world where the internet is
interwoven into the fabric ofour daily lives.
The digital realm continues toevolve and as we reflect on the
transformative journey, we'rereminded of the limitless
possibilities of human ingenuity.
Each keystroke, each connection, each innovation has been a
(10:40):
stepping stone to the boundlessdigital frontier we continue to
explore.
This tale of resilience,creativity and foresight invites
us to ponder our digital pastand look forward to the
boundless potential of thefuture.
Hey, thanks for joining ustoday on this enlightening
(11:02):
journey through digital ages.
We're trying something out, sobear with us as we find our
voice.
Stay tuned for more episodes ofThings of Change podcast as we
uncover the tales andtransformations that have shaped
the world and remember in thisever-evolving digital landscape
(11:24):
stay curious.
The information and opinionsexpressed in this episode are
for informational purposes onlyand are not intended as
financial investment orprofessional advice.
Always consult with a qualifiedprofessional before making any
decisions based on the contentprovided.
Neither the podcast nor itscreators are responsible for any
(11:49):
action taken as a result oflistening to this episode.
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