According to halakha, if a woman and a man were married in a traditional Jewish ceremony that included kiddushin, and then the woman was abandoned (e.g., the man went on a business trip, or was drafted into the army, and never returned), the woman is considered still married until he divorces her or his death is proven. A woman in such a situation is termed "Aguna." This is a classic instance of social and gender injustice that is created by halakha itself.
Over the centuries some rabbis took pro-active halakhic moves, to prevent a-priori the possibility that many women would become agunot. One such pro-active move was performed by the rabbis of Egypt in 1901.
Source sheet: https://docs.google.com/document/d/1o_vSsSInChlqRerT4UZuH67C0ojPLd9VY5b9cW0oH-A/edit?usp=sharing
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