S1 Ep48: Cardiovascular Health

Even mild COVID-19 increases the risk of cardiovascular problems for at least a year. Researchers found a 72% increased risk of heart failure, even in those under 65, nonsmokers, and those without risk factors like obesity or diabetes. COVID can also cause myocarditis (heart muscle inflammation) and stress cardiomyopathy (heart muscle disorder affecting blood pumping). A "cytokine storm," where the immune system attacks healthy tissues, is the most serious risk. Other heart problems include coronary artery disease and heart attacks. If you experience shortness of breath, palpitations, chest pain, or leg swelling after COVID-19, contact a healthcare provider. Stroke risk also increased by 52%.

The virus enters cells by binding to ACE2 receptors, present in lungs, nerve cells, stomach, intestines, heart, and blood vessel lining. This binding can trigger blood clotting throughout the body. Venous thromboembolism (VTE), or blood clots in veins, can lead to pulmonary embolism if clots travel to the lungs, a serious and often fatal condition. Older stroke patients with a COVID-119 history have a higher risk of VTE; a 64% higher risk if hospitalized with COVID-19 and 21% higher if not hospitalized. Black stroke patients had the highest VTE rate.

If you have high blood pressure (hypertension), continue your current medication unless advised otherwise by a healthcare provider. Monitor blood pressure if taking corticosteroids, oral birth control, immunosuppressants, mental health medications, or some cancer medications. Decongestants and NSAIDs (naproxen, ibuprofen) can increase blood pressure. If you're on blood pressure medication and get COVID-19, talk to a healthcare provider. Call 911 for chest/back pain, numbness/weakness, vision loss, or difficulty breathing/speaking.

People born with heart defects are at higher risk of critical illness or death if hospitalized with COVID-19, with increased risk for ventilator need or ICU treatment, regardless of age or other health conditions. Having another underlying health condition significantly increases risk.