5x07 Belleza y filosofía

Uno de los grandes temas de la filosofía es la belleza, y en este último episodio quiero darles un lugar en esta búsqueda de la belleza en toda la sociedad. 

Episode Transcript

(00:00):
Beauty is a fascinating subject that hasleft no one indifferent over the years.
It is not only today that wetalk about beauty and its problems. Beauty
was always a topic of conversation.Today I want to close this season by
extending my eye a little bit,not talking so much about the problems we
live in today, but looking backand doing a historical and philosophical review about

(00:21):
beauty in general. You' reready for chemical chinga beauty. For starters,
let' s think about some termsthat will help us manage. First
of all, aesthetics is the philosophicalstudy of beauty and taste. It deals
with the meaning, perception and natureof beauty. Both in nature itself and

(00:44):
in art. Within this philosophical fieldwe also have room to question our sense
of beauty. How are we ableto say that something is beautiful? What
we use to set a standard ofbeauty in which we judge both things and
people. Besides, it' strouble. It was the value we give
to beauty, but how to knowthat something is beautiful. That is the

(01:07):
question that has wracked the brains ofall mankind during cyrilos. Truth, the
quality of beauty, is often definedas what is pleasing to the senses or
the mind, although sometimes it seemsthat beauty is a universal truth that we
all understand. The differences between timesand cultures make us doubt that a little
bit. For example, Islam believesthat human art is defective in comparison with

(01:30):
the work of Alah. That iswhy his art is rather architectural, geometric
and does not represent humans or animals. Races an aesthetic concept of East India.
He tells us of an essential elementin art that moves us, but
that cannot be described as a confusio. For his part, he said that
the hallmark of good art should promotevirtuous traits that lead to a harmonious society.

(01:53):
Frida of Erick Schiller, believed thatthe aesthetic precision of beauty was the
reconciliation between the sensual and rational partof human nature. On the other hand,
the philosopher of feminist art Marin LyneFranch pointed out that the historical predominance
of male philosophy has not allowed usto understand female aesthetics. As you can
see, there are many opinions andit is not easy, even if we

(02:20):
go to the term beauty. Froman etymological point, beauty means to shine,
appear or be seen, and itdid not begin in philosophy or aesthetics,
but in the field of metaphysics,as one of the transcendentals of being
Here, beauty was something objective.The beginning of aesthetics in philosophy as such
arises with the German Alexander Gotlib boundGarten forgiveness if I mispronounced it with his

(02:45):
work philosophical reflections about the poetry ofa thousand seven hundred and thirty- five
and later in his aesthetics of athousand seven hundred and fifty. But the
reality is that philosophers or former philosopherswere already discussing beauty, because, of
course, it is a concept thatis very different from Classical Greece, for
example, where aesthetics was called loveand beauty very forceful, and where Plato

(03:08):
and Aristotle contemplated the nature of beautyand its connection with ethics and morality.
Plato believed that beauty existed only inthe world of ideas and in the sensitive
world. There are no beautiful thingsunless they participate in the idea of the
sub- presentible world. Aristotle,for his part, will describe beauty as
something that is within the essence ofthings, but that the manifest is always

(03:31):
sensitive. In the Middle Ages,the conception of beauty will fluctuate between these
two concepts of Plato and aristoteles,but with discards everything changes for him.
Beauty is a product of the orderand accuracy of reason, far from the
sensitive, since the senses are deceptive. English empiricism, on the other hand,

(03:52):
reduces beauty to a moment of subjectexperience in the sensitive world, and
beauty then depends on each individual experience, discarding an objective and unique criterion to
define it During the illustration, thebest known philosopher was Kant, who explored
aesthetics as a separate branch of philosophyand focused especially on the subjective nature of

(04:14):
beauty. For Kant, beauty mustbe pleasing to reason and appetizing to the
senses, although beauty and good aredifferent, for Kant, they are universal
and necessary concepts. The 19th centuryromantics celebrated all the emotional and imaginative aspects
of aesthetics, whileégel examined artas a reflection of the spirit of an

(04:36):
era. At this point, artisticbeauty superior to natural beauty, as it
is left over from spirit and spiritis nothing more than logical thought. During
the 20th century, the philosophical aestheticsand philosophy of art stand out for their
disinterest in beauty and the separation ofthe aesthetic value of morality. That led
to the trivialization of the beauty ofart check, it began to be thought

(04:59):
that expression and meaning made the artsphilosophically deeper. On the other hand,
a general distrust of beauty arose,partly because of the moral condemnation of beauty
as a social value, on thepart of the Dadaist movement and, in
another sense, because of the concernthat beauty would give place to immoral ideas,
giving them an attractive air, asused to happen in Nazi propaganda.

(05:20):
This gives rise to the moral objectionof beauty, where it is as a
form of pleasure is trivial or irresponsible. Before moral concerns, the Frankfurt School
makes a historical review of the culturalaspects and the development of thought, but
its bad beauty of the socio-political question. Adorno said art without reflection

(05:41):
is a fantasy in the chronicle.Philosophy allows art to be an element of
the critique of social, cultural,scientific, anthropological thought, among others.
Adorno, in his aesthetic theory,is concerned not only with the usual aesthetic
concern for the function of beauty andart, but the relationship between art and
society considers that the liberation that modernart had in front of previous periods leads

(06:02):
him to expand his critical capacity andincrease his autonomy. In this way,
art becomes more responsible for the useof its capacity for social criticism. Aesthetic
theory remains relevant in art, designculture and philosophy. Even in such a
diverse world, it is important tounderstand the subjectivities of aesthetic experience to appreciate

(06:27):
the different perspectives and forms of beauty. Aesthetic theory evolves as the world evolves
and allows us to explore beauty fromits deepest and most subjective nature. However,
throughout history there are some characteristics thatseem to be inherent to beauty and
are the following. The beauty astranscendental of being, as beauty is good

(06:48):
and can guide our existence in theworld. Beauty as a form in all
human productions. The beauty of havingcertain characteristics, as in the arrangement of
objects, the relationships ns between theparts and the whole, the harmonic eclytic
that allows an object to be beautiful. Beauty beyond what is useful, as
a form of creativity that does notadd anything useful to objects, beyond simply

(07:10):
being beautiful, beauty, with itssymbolic character in an object, as something
that is manifested to us, butthat also has something hidden, something that
we look at again and again withoutexhausting its expressive possibilities. And, finally,
beauty beyond its temporality, because whencontemplating something beautiful, time is suspended.
Therefore beauty can be the coronation ofthe human being by obtaining a meaningful

(07:31):
life within the world of the beautiful. We have the so- called aesthetic
attitude, which is a way ofcontemplating the world opposed to the practical attitude,
which is only interested in the usefulnessof the object. This aesthetic attention
is oriented towards the phenomenal object,not the physical object. For example,
when looking at a picture, wemust pay attention to the perceived characteristics and

(07:56):
not to the physical characteristics that makepossible and perceived. As an amuno rightly
says, in the tragic feeling oflife in men and in peoples. Man
' s difference from other animals ismore related to feelings, not to rationality.
And within those feelings, beauty hasa unique relevance. The aesthetic coincides
with the sphere of the sensitive.That is why beauty remains a place of

(08:18):
discussion and debate for all of us. I hope that this last more reflective
season they liked. You already knowthat you can look for me as a
chemical oha, both on Instagram andTiktok, to keep learning and reflecting.

(08:41):
Don' t forget that this isan original production of Uicast I send you a kiss