承接上篇，哈耶克主张小政府和大市场，反对以社会正义之名进行任何财富分配，可是却又认为，当代左翼自由主义代表罗尔斯的正义理论和他的观点没有实质分歧，因为他完全认同罗尔斯的“纯粹程序正义”的理 念。本文指出，这是极大的误解，因为“纯粹程序正义”的前提，是社会基本制度必须充分实现罗尔斯提出的正义原则，包括“公平的机会平等原则”和“差异原则”，因此必然对市场秩序做出各种约束和规范。要反驳罗尔斯，哈耶克可以诉诸两个论证：市场秩序更加公平，又或更为自由。本文认为，这两个论证皆不成立，因为市场秩序既无法保证参与者享有公平的机会平等，也无法保障穷人与富人在私有财产制下享有同样的自由。作者由此总结，一旦我们接受社会正义优先于市场秩序，哈耶克对资本主义的辩护便难以成立。
点击下载全文或下载《中国民主季刊》2024年第四季完整版：https://chinademocrats.org/?p=4100
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