Emerging threat update: Avian influenza, Mpox, Ebola, seasonal flu

In this episode of EMS One-Stop, host Rob Lawrence welcomes back Dr. Alex Isakov, a leading expert in infectious diseases from NETEC and Emory University in Atlanta. Dr. Isakov provides valuable updates on current and emerging infectious diseases; their global impact; and the critical role EMS professionals play in identifying, isolating and protecting themselves and their patients.

This discussion highlights key infectious diseases, including H5N1 (avian flu/bird flu), Mpox (previously known as monkeypox), Ebola, Marburg, Lassa fever and seasonal flu, providing EMS personnel with essential knowledge and safety protocols in light of ongoing global health concerns.

Throughout the episode, Dr. Isakov offers insights into the latest outbreaks, the importance of vaccinations, and strategies for responding to potential infectious disease threats. He stresses the necessity of remaining vigilant and prepared for high-consequence diseases while maintaining optimal patient care.

From the evolving threat of H5N1 to the resurgence of seasonal influenza, Dr. Isakov ensures that EMS professionals are equipped with the most relevant and up-to-date information needed to protect both themselves and their communities.

Summary of key infectious diseases covered by Dr. Isakov

H5N1 (avian influenza/bird flu): Dr. Isakov provides an update on the H5N1 outbreak in poultry and dairy herds, stressing the importance of limiting human exposure and watching for potential mutations that could lead to human-to-human transmission.

Mpox (Clade 1B): Dr. Isakov discusses the risk of Mpox, particularly Clade 1B, which remains prevalent in Central Africa but has now spread to other countries, including the United States. He highlights the importance of identifying travel history and unusual rashes, along with strict protective measures for EMS clinicians.

Ebola and Marburg: These diseases continue to present a risk, with smaller outbreaks currently ongoing in Uganda (Ebola) and Tanzania (Marburg). Dr. Isakov notes the importance of being prepared to identify and isolate individuals who may have been exposed during travel to these regions.

Lassa fever: Dr. Isakov points out the ongoing concern of Lassa fever in West Africa and emphasizes that EMS professionals should be on alert for symptoms in travelers who have visited affected regions.

Seasonal influenza: The seasonal flu outbreak is particularly severe this year, and Dr. Isakov underscores the importance of vaccination, especially for vulnerable populations, to reduce serious illness and hospital strain.

Timeline

00:00 – Introduction to the episode and guest, Dr. Alex Isakov

01:33 – Uupdate on Mpox (Clade 1B) and its global spread

05:24 – Ebola and Marburg outbreaks: ongoing concerns in Uganda and Tanzania

08:01 – Lassa Fever in West Africa and its impact on EMS professionals

13:05 – The importance of travel vaccinations for high-risk areas like malaria zones

15:13 – Mystery illness in the Democratic Republic of Congo and the investigation into its cause

17:01 – H5N1 and avian influenza concerns, including potential human transmission risks

22:02 – Severity of the current seasonal flu outbreak and vaccination recommendations

25:24 – EMS community's role in flu and measles vaccination advocacy

29:05 – Discussing surge conditions and excess mortality during pandemics

32:01 – Closing remarks, including updates on new NITEC EMS resources

Additional infectious disease resources

• National Emerging Special Pathogens Training & Education Center
• Emergency Medical Services (EMS) Featured Resource