December 4, 2024 • 17 mins
In this episode of Global Treasures, we cover Memphis and its Necropolis - the pyramid fields from Giza to Dahshur, located in Egypt. Considered to be one of the seven wonders of the world in ancient times, this site was established in 1979. We will discuss the history, travel tips and more.
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Episode Transcript
Available transcripts are automatically generated. Complete accuracy is not guaranteed.
Abigail (00:00):
Imagine a place that tells a story spanning centuries, where
culture and nature intertwine to createsomething truly extraordinary, that's the
beauty of UNESCO World Heritage Sites.
I'm Abigail, and this is GlobalTreasures, the podcast that covers
the history, travel tips, andlegends surrounding one of the 1, 223
(00:25):
World Heritage Sites each episode.
These places have been identifiedas having universal cultural and
or natural significance that is soexceptional that it transcends national
boundaries and is of importanceto present and future generations.
Welcome to Season 2, wherewe'll explore the 45 sites that
(00:46):
UNESCO added in 1979 together.
If you would like to support the show, youcan subscribe at Apple Podcasts, Spotify,
or wherever you get your podcasts.
Please follow us on Facebook andTikTok as well, and tell your history
or travel minded friends about us.
(01:06):
In this episode, I'll be introducing youto Memphis and its necropolis, the pyramid
fields from Giza to Deshur in Egypt.
Imagine a landscape where stone whispersstories of pharaohs, where pyramids
pierce the sky, and every grain ofsand holds a fragment of human history.
(01:28):
Welcome to Memphis.
Not the Tennessee city of blues androck and roll, but the original Memphis.
The heartbeat of ancientEgyptian civilization.
Today, we're journeying to aplace that was once considered
the wonder of the world.
A necropolis stretching across 30kilometers, or over 18 miles of
(01:50):
desert plateau, where kings wereburied, gods were worshipped, and the
foundations of one of humanity's mostextraordinary civilizations was laid.
Memphis wasn't just a city, it was theepicenter of power in ancient Egypt.
Established around 3100 BCE by PharaohNarmer, this was more than just a capital.
(02:15):
It was a sacred landscape, a hubof administration, religion, and
incredible architectural innovation,originally named Hut-Ka-Ptah,
or Mansion of the Soul of Ptah.
The city emerged from acomplex political landscape.
The unification of Upper andLower Egypt was no simple task.
(02:38):
Narmer's achievement was adelicate balance of military
conquest and political diplomacy
.Archaeological evidence, including the famous Narmer Pallet, suggests a series
of strategic battles and alliancesthat gradually brought together two
distinct cultural and political entities.
(03:00):
The city's location was no accident.
Positioned at the convergence of the NileDelta and Nile Valley, Memphis occupied a
geographical sweet spot that would defineEgyptian civilization for millennia.
This was a place of extraordinarystrategic importance, where trade
routes from across the ancient worldintersected, where merchants, craftsmen,
(03:25):
and , diplomats from different cultures,mingled and exchanged goods and ideas.
The archaeological record paints a richpicture of Memphis urban landscape.
Craftsmen's workshops line the streets,creating everything from intricate
jewelry to massive stone monuments.
(03:47):
Dockyards bustled with activity, shipsladen with goods from distant lands.
Residential neighborhoods showedsophisticated urban planning that
was millennia ahead of its time.
At the heart of the city stood theTemple of Ptah, the local god of
creation and patron of craftsmanship.
(04:09):
Ptah was more than justa religious figure.
He represented the creativespirit of Memphis itself.
Craftsmen would pray to Ptahbefore beginning their work, seeing
their skills as a divine gift.
The temple was not just a religiousbuilding, but a center of artistic
and technological innovation.
(04:30):
The Menphite Necropolis isn'tjust a single site either.
It's a complex of fourincredible pyramid fields.
Saqqara, Dahshur, Giza, and Abusir.
Each represents a chapter in Egypt'sarchitectural and cultural evolution.
A testament to the changingtechnologies and religious beliefs
(04:52):
of ancient Egyptian civilizations.
Saqqara holds a special placein architectural history.
Here, in the 27th century BCE, theworld's first pyramid emerged, the
Step Pyramid of Djoser, designedby the legendary architect Imhotep.
(05:12):
This wasn't just a tomb, it wasa revolutionary concept that
transformed burial practices.
Previous Mastaba tombs weresimple, rectangular structures.
Imhotep created a complex.
That included not just the pyramid, butan entire funerary complex with temples,
(05:33):
courtyards, and underground passages.
The archaeological excavations at Saqqarareveal layers of incredible complexity.
The site was used for burials forover 3, 000 years, from the first
dynasty to the Ptolemaic period.
Each layer tells a different story, fromsimple pit graves to elaborate stone tombs
(05:58):
showing the evolution of Egyptianburial practices and social structures.
Dahshur represents another crucialstage in pyramid development.
Here, ancient Egyptian architectsbegan to experiment with a smooth sided
pyramid design that would become iconic.
The Bent Pyramid and the RedPyramid of Pharaoh Sneferu Show the
(06:23):
technical challenges of creatingthese massive stone structures.
Imagine the engineering challenges.
Calculating precise angles, transportingmassive limestone blocks, creating
internal chambers that would remainstable for thousands of years.
Giza, of course, represents thepinnacle of pyramid construction.
(06:47):
The Great Pyramid of Khufu standsas a marvel of ancient engineering.
Built during the 4th Dynasty, around2560 BCE, it originally stood 146.
5 meters tall, the tallesthuman made structure in the
world for thousands of years.
(07:08):
Modern engineers continue to debatehow such a massive structure could
have been constructed with thetechnological limitations of the time.
But Memphis was morethan just its monuments.
During the Old Kingdom, itwas the administrative and
cultural heart of Egypt.
Around 2250 BCE, it was possibly themost populated city in the world,
(07:32):
home to over half a million people.
This was truly a cosmopolitan center,where different cultures mixed,
where technological innovationsemerged, and where the foundations
of one of the world's mostenduring civilizations were laid.
The city's importance continuedthrough multiple historical periods.
(07:53):
During the New Kingdom, even though Thebeshad become the capital, Memphis remained
a crucial cultural and religious center.
Pharaohs, like Ramses II,continued to enhance the city,
constructing grand monuments thatwould echo through millennia.
Archaeological evidence revealsthe city's remarkable resilience.
(08:16):
Despite invasions, Including devastatingAssyrian attacks in 661 BCE, Memphis
continued to adapt and survive.
The Greek historian Herodotus, writingin the 5th century BCE, described
Memphis as a prosperous, multiculturalcity that maintained its significance
(08:39):
even as political power shifted.
The founding of Alexandria byAlexander the Great in 331 BCE marked
the beginning of Memphis's decline.
The Ptolemaic and Romanperiods saw a gradual shift of
economic and political power.
By 641 CE, the city was largelyabandoned, its stones repurposed
(09:04):
to build the emerging Cairo.
But the legacy of Memphis lives on.
Over 9, 000 rock cut tombs, spanningmultiple dynasties, tell stories
of a civilization's evolution.
Temples, workshops, residentialareas, each archaeological layer
(09:24):
reveals another piece of the intricatepuzzle of ancient Egyptian life.
Now, here's a tidbit to makeyou the most interesting person
at your next dinner party.
Cleopatra lived closer to the moon landingthan to the construction of the Great
Pyramid of Giza, and the city's originalname, Ineb-hedj, meant white walls.
(09:47):
Imagine a gleaming metropolis risingfrom the desert, its limestone
structures reflecting the harsh sunlight.
Now that we've explored the historyof this incredible place, let's talk
about how to get there and some traveltips to help you plan your trip.
The best airport to fly into ifyou're coming from another country
(10:09):
is Cairo International Airport.
Giza and Cairo are close in proximity, soyou can get a cab or schedule a rideshare
service to pick you up from the airport.
Just do some research if you usea ridesharing app, because the
rules are a bit different here.
When it comes to purchasing tickets,you can schedule tours of Giza, Sphinx,
(10:31):
Memphis, and Saqqara with an Egyptologist,who's an expert of the history, art,
and architecture of ancient Egypt.
They'll coordinate the transportation,tickets, and sometimes lunch,
all in your native language.
You can buy tickets on site day ofif you don't want to take a tour.
There are signs by the major sitesin Arabic, since it's the native
(10:54):
language, and English descriptions soyou'll understand what you're seeing.
But, In truth, the history is so rich andnuanced that much context will be lost
without having an expert to guide you.
A sentence or two justdoesn't do it justice.
Unless you also happen to bean expert in Egyptian history,
(11:16):
which if so, hats off to you.
Also, my understanding is that vendorswill try to sell you things and get
you to purchase camel rides and thatthey can be quite aggressive, so
going with a tour will make it lesslikely that they'll approach you.
Another tip, go early inthe day before it gets hot.
(11:37):
In the summer, it gets up to, in the90s, to almost 100 degrees Fahrenheit.
October to April is probably theideal time to visit if possible.
Some things you may want to seewhile you're in the area include
the Open Air Memphis Museum.
You can go horsebackriding past the pyramids,
which must be, magical.
(11:58):
And see the Nile River via boat ridetour, with dinner often included.
There's also the Museum ofEgyptian Antiquities, which has
mummies and the gold mask of Tut.
This site garners almost 14 millionvisitors annually, so make sure you book
ahead no matter what you decide to do.
(12:18):
Now, on to where to stay.
There are hundreds of hotels,bed and breakfasts, hostels,
condos, and all inclusive resorts.
Now, let's touch on the cuisine.
This area has over 2, 000 restaurantsand vendors selling food, so
you'll have lots of options.
(12:40):
You can try mainstays likemeat and vegetable kebabs.
and falafel.
Kashari is another traditionaldish worth trying, and that's
composed of rice and lentils.
I should mention there are a lot ofvegan, vegetarian, and halal choices.
Now, let's move on to my favorite part.
(13:01):
The paranormal, legends, andconspiracies surrounding this site.
The first is around a set of mysteriousblack boxes called the Serapeum of Squara.
24 coffin shaped boxes to be exact, withstone cutting so precise that people
(13:22):
argue it was left behind by aliens andnot actually created by the Egyptians.
Historians are unsure whatthe purpose of the boxes were.
It's possible they held religioussignificance since the Egyptians were big
into honoring the dead and animal worship.
It's actually thought they may havebeen used to bury the sacred Apis
(13:44):
bull, which would explain why they'reso large, weighing 70 to 100 tons.
And this was pure granite.
So while the ancient Egyptiansmay have been up on their geometry
compared to other cultures of thetime, this was extensive work to
be done without modern technology.
(14:04):
The other legend is onemany of us have heard.
Pharaohs haunting their tombs.
Visitors and employees claim to haveseen ghostly figures wandering the area.
Egyptians believed that the spirit,called the Ka, stayed with the physical
body to ensure it was taken care of.
(14:26):
Also, this is a place built tohonor funerary practices, so that
gives it a creepy feel in its ownright, whether or not there are
actual specters hanging around.
Now, let's talk about the historicpreservation piece as we wrap up.
Issues and challenges that arefaced with keeping this site safe.
(14:47):
As I said before, they get millions ofvisitors, and no surprise, Overtourism
seems to be the main issue, and it'shard because they need travelers to
spend money to keep up the property andinject dollars into the local economy.
But on the other hand, it affects publicinfrastructure, like roads, and when
(15:10):
there are droughts, all of the extrapeople may impact the water supply.
Some measures that have been takeninclude instituting entry fees to reduce
tourism and create sustainable visitation.
They also have put protection intoplace for the property, including
fencing and security cameras.
(15:30):
Because, unfortunately, peopletry to steal pieces of stone
from the building and artifacts.
It's exciting to see that they'retaking the proper steps to ensure
that future generations get toenjoy Memphis and its necropolis.
And that concludes our journey throughMemphis, a city that was once the
(15:51):
beating heart of one of humanity'smost extraordinary civilizations.
From its revolutionary pyramids, Toits intricate urban landscape, Memphis
represents far more than stone and sand,
it's a testament to human creativity,ambition, and our endless quest to
leave a mark that transcends time.
(16:13):
Our next episode of the GlobalTreasures Podcast will transport us
to another UNESCO World Heritage Sitethat captures the imagination, Mont
Saint Michel and its bay in France.
Perched dramatically on a rockytidal island, this medieval marvel
is breathtaking, a fusion of naturalwonder and human architectural genius.
(16:37):
We'll explore how this extraordinarymonastery fortress has stood
resilient against changing tides,political upheavals, and the
relentless passage of centuries.
So join us next time as we uncover themystical world of Mont Saint Michel,
where architecture, geography, and humandetermination create a landscape that
(16:59):
seems to defy the very laws of nature.
Until then, keep exploring, keepwondering, and keep treasuring
the remarkable diversityof our world's heritage.
Imagine a place that tells a story spanning centuries, where
culture and nature intertwine to createsomething truly extraordinary, that's the
beauty of UNESCO World Heritage Sites.
I'm Abigail, and this is GlobalTreasures, the podcast that covers
the history, travel tips, andlegends surrounding one of the 1, 223
(00:25):
World Heritage Sites each episode.
These places have been identifiedas having universal cultural and
or natural significance that is soexceptional that it transcends national
boundaries and is of importanceto present and future generations.
Welcome to Season 2, wherewe'll explore the 45 sites that
(00:46):
UNESCO added in 1979 together.
If you would like to support the show, youcan subscribe at Apple Podcasts, Spotify,
or wherever you get your podcasts.
Please follow us on Facebook andTikTok as well, and tell your history
or travel minded friends about us.
(01:06):
In this episode, I'll be introducing youto Memphis and its necropolis, the pyramid
fields from Giza to Deshur in Egypt.
Imagine a landscape where stone whispersstories of pharaohs, where pyramids
pierce the sky, and every grain ofsand holds a fragment of human history.
(01:28):
Welcome to Memphis.
Not the Tennessee city of blues androck and roll, but the original Memphis.
The heartbeat of ancientEgyptian civilization.
Today, we're journeying to aplace that was once considered
the wonder of the world.
A necropolis stretching across 30kilometers, or over 18 miles of
(01:50):
desert plateau, where kings wereburied, gods were worshipped, and the
foundations of one of humanity's mostextraordinary civilizations was laid.
Memphis wasn't just a city, it was theepicenter of power in ancient Egypt.
Established around 3100 BCE by PharaohNarmer, this was more than just a capital.
(02:15):
It was a sacred landscape, a hubof administration, religion, and
incredible architectural innovation,originally named Hut-Ka-Ptah,
or Mansion of the Soul of Ptah.
The city emerged from acomplex political landscape.
The unification of Upper andLower Egypt was no simple task.
(02:38):
Narmer's achievement was adelicate balance of military
conquest and political diplomacy
.Archaeological evidence, including the famous Narmer Pallet, suggests a series
of strategic battles and alliancesthat gradually brought together two
distinct cultural and political entities.
(03:00):
The city's location was no accident.
Positioned at the convergence of the NileDelta and Nile Valley, Memphis occupied a
geographical sweet spot that would defineEgyptian civilization for millennia.
This was a place of extraordinarystrategic importance, where trade
routes from across the ancient worldintersected, where merchants, craftsmen,
(03:25):
and , diplomats from different cultures,mingled and exchanged goods and ideas.
The archaeological record paints a richpicture of Memphis urban landscape.
Craftsmen's workshops line the streets,creating everything from intricate
jewelry to massive stone monuments.
(03:47):
Dockyards bustled with activity, shipsladen with goods from distant lands.
Residential neighborhoods showedsophisticated urban planning that
was millennia ahead of its time.
At the heart of the city stood theTemple of Ptah, the local god of
creation and patron of craftsmanship.
(04:09):
Ptah was more than justa religious figure.
He represented the creativespirit of Memphis itself.
Craftsmen would pray to Ptahbefore beginning their work, seeing
their skills as a divine gift.
The temple was not just a religiousbuilding, but a center of artistic
and technological innovation.
(04:30):
The Menphite Necropolis isn'tjust a single site either.
It's a complex of fourincredible pyramid fields.
Saqqara, Dahshur, Giza, and Abusir.
Each represents a chapter in Egypt'sarchitectural and cultural evolution.
A testament to the changingtechnologies and religious beliefs
(04:52):
of ancient Egyptian civilizations.
Saqqara holds a special placein architectural history.
Here, in the 27th century BCE, theworld's first pyramid emerged, the
Step Pyramid of Djoser, designedby the legendary architect Imhotep.
(05:12):
This wasn't just a tomb, it wasa revolutionary concept that
transformed burial practices.
Previous Mastaba tombs weresimple, rectangular structures.
Imhotep created a complex.
That included not just the pyramid, butan entire funerary complex with temples,
(05:33):
courtyards, and underground passages.
The archaeological excavations at Saqqarareveal layers of incredible complexity.
The site was used for burials forover 3, 000 years, from the first
dynasty to the Ptolemaic period.
Each layer tells a different story, fromsimple pit graves to elaborate stone tombs
(05:58):
showing the evolution of Egyptianburial practices and social structures.
Dahshur represents another crucialstage in pyramid development.
Here, ancient Egyptian architectsbegan to experiment with a smooth sided
pyramid design that would become iconic.
The Bent Pyramid and the RedPyramid of Pharaoh Sneferu Show the
(06:23):
technical challenges of creatingthese massive stone structures.
Imagine the engineering challenges.
Calculating precise angles, transportingmassive limestone blocks, creating
internal chambers that would remainstable for thousands of years.
Giza, of course, represents thepinnacle of pyramid construction.
(06:47):
The Great Pyramid of Khufu standsas a marvel of ancient engineering.
Built during the 4th Dynasty, around2560 BCE, it originally stood 146.
5 meters tall, the tallesthuman made structure in the
world for thousands of years.
(07:08):
Modern engineers continue to debatehow such a massive structure could
have been constructed with thetechnological limitations of the time.
But Memphis was morethan just its monuments.
During the Old Kingdom, itwas the administrative and
cultural heart of Egypt.
Around 2250 BCE, it was possibly themost populated city in the world,
(07:32):
home to over half a million people.
This was truly a cosmopolitan center,where different cultures mixed,
where technological innovationsemerged, and where the foundations
of one of the world's mostenduring civilizations were laid.
The city's importance continuedthrough multiple historical periods.
(07:53):
During the New Kingdom, even though Thebeshad become the capital, Memphis remained
a crucial cultural and religious center.
Pharaohs, like Ramses II,continued to enhance the city,
constructing grand monuments thatwould echo through millennia.
Archaeological evidence revealsthe city's remarkable resilience.
(08:16):
Despite invasions, Including devastatingAssyrian attacks in 661 BCE, Memphis
continued to adapt and survive.
The Greek historian Herodotus, writingin the 5th century BCE, described
Memphis as a prosperous, multiculturalcity that maintained its significance
(08:39):
even as political power shifted.
The founding of Alexandria byAlexander the Great in 331 BCE marked
the beginning of Memphis's decline.
The Ptolemaic and Romanperiods saw a gradual shift of
economic and political power.
By 641 CE, the city was largelyabandoned, its stones repurposed
(09:04):
to build the emerging Cairo.
But the legacy of Memphis lives on.
Over 9, 000 rock cut tombs, spanningmultiple dynasties, tell stories
of a civilization's evolution.
Temples, workshops, residentialareas, each archaeological layer
(09:24):
reveals another piece of the intricatepuzzle of ancient Egyptian life.
Now, here's a tidbit to makeyou the most interesting person
at your next dinner party.
Cleopatra lived closer to the moon landingthan to the construction of the Great
Pyramid of Giza, and the city's originalname, Ineb-hedj, meant white walls.
(09:47):
Imagine a gleaming metropolis risingfrom the desert, its limestone
structures reflecting the harsh sunlight.
Now that we've explored the historyof this incredible place, let's talk
about how to get there and some traveltips to help you plan your trip.
The best airport to fly into ifyou're coming from another country
(10:09):
is Cairo International Airport.
Giza and Cairo are close in proximity, soyou can get a cab or schedule a rideshare
service to pick you up from the airport.
Just do some research if you usea ridesharing app, because the
rules are a bit different here.
When it comes to purchasing tickets,you can schedule tours of Giza, Sphinx,
(10:31):
Memphis, and Saqqara with an Egyptologist,who's an expert of the history, art,
and architecture of ancient Egypt.
They'll coordinate the transportation,tickets, and sometimes lunch,
all in your native language.
You can buy tickets on site day ofif you don't want to take a tour.
There are signs by the major sitesin Arabic, since it's the native
(10:54):
language, and English descriptions soyou'll understand what you're seeing.
But, In truth, the history is so rich andnuanced that much context will be lost
without having an expert to guide you.
A sentence or two justdoesn't do it justice.
Unless you also happen to bean expert in Egyptian history,
(11:16):
which if so, hats off to you.
Also, my understanding is that vendorswill try to sell you things and get
you to purchase camel rides and thatthey can be quite aggressive, so
going with a tour will make it lesslikely that they'll approach you.
Another tip, go early inthe day before it gets hot.
(11:37):
In the summer, it gets up to, in the90s, to almost 100 degrees Fahrenheit.
October to April is probably theideal time to visit if possible.
Some things you may want to seewhile you're in the area include
the Open Air Memphis Museum.
You can go horsebackriding past the pyramids,
which must be, magical.
(11:58):
And see the Nile River via boat ridetour, with dinner often included.
There's also the Museum ofEgyptian Antiquities, which has
mummies and the gold mask of Tut.
This site garners almost 14 millionvisitors annually, so make sure you book
ahead no matter what you decide to do.
(12:18):
Now, on to where to stay.
There are hundreds of hotels,bed and breakfasts, hostels,
condos, and all inclusive resorts.
Now, let's touch on the cuisine.
This area has over 2, 000 restaurantsand vendors selling food, so
you'll have lots of options.
(12:40):
You can try mainstays likemeat and vegetable kebabs.
and falafel.
Kashari is another traditionaldish worth trying, and that's
composed of rice and lentils.
I should mention there are a lot ofvegan, vegetarian, and halal choices.
Now, let's move on to my favorite part.
(13:01):
The paranormal, legends, andconspiracies surrounding this site.
The first is around a set of mysteriousblack boxes called the Serapeum of Squara.
24 coffin shaped boxes to be exact, withstone cutting so precise that people
(13:22):
argue it was left behind by aliens andnot actually created by the Egyptians.
Historians are unsure whatthe purpose of the boxes were.
It's possible they held religioussignificance since the Egyptians were big
into honoring the dead and animal worship.
It's actually thought they may havebeen used to bury the sacred Apis
(13:44):
bull, which would explain why they'reso large, weighing 70 to 100 tons.
And this was pure granite.
So while the ancient Egyptiansmay have been up on their geometry
compared to other cultures of thetime, this was extensive work to
be done without modern technology.
(14:04):
The other legend is onemany of us have heard.
Pharaohs haunting their tombs.
Visitors and employees claim to haveseen ghostly figures wandering the area.
Egyptians believed that the spirit,called the Ka, stayed with the physical
body to ensure it was taken care of.
(14:26):
Also, this is a place built tohonor funerary practices, so that
gives it a creepy feel in its ownright, whether or not there are
actual specters hanging around.
Now, let's talk about the historicpreservation piece as we wrap up.
Issues and challenges that arefaced with keeping this site safe.
(14:47):
As I said before, they get millions ofvisitors, and no surprise, Overtourism
seems to be the main issue, and it'shard because they need travelers to
spend money to keep up the property andinject dollars into the local economy.
But on the other hand, it affects publicinfrastructure, like roads, and when
(15:10):
there are droughts, all of the extrapeople may impact the water supply.
Some measures that have been takeninclude instituting entry fees to reduce
tourism and create sustainable visitation.
They also have put protection intoplace for the property, including
fencing and security cameras.
(15:30):
Because, unfortunately, peopletry to steal pieces of stone
from the building and artifacts.
It's exciting to see that they'retaking the proper steps to ensure
that future generations get toenjoy Memphis and its necropolis.
And that concludes our journey throughMemphis, a city that was once the
(15:51):
beating heart of one of humanity'smost extraordinary civilizations.
From its revolutionary pyramids, Toits intricate urban landscape, Memphis
represents far more than stone and sand,
it's a testament to human creativity,ambition, and our endless quest to
leave a mark that transcends time.
(16:13):
Our next episode of the GlobalTreasures Podcast will transport us
to another UNESCO World Heritage Sitethat captures the imagination, Mont
Saint Michel and its bay in France.
Perched dramatically on a rockytidal island, this medieval marvel
is breathtaking, a fusion of naturalwonder and human architectural genius.
(16:37):
We'll explore how this extraordinarymonastery fortress has stood
resilient against changing tides,political upheavals, and the
relentless passage of centuries.
So join us next time as we uncover themystical world of Mont Saint Michel,
where architecture, geography, and humandetermination create a landscape that
(16:59):
seems to defy the very laws of nature.
Until then, keep exploring, keepwondering, and keep treasuring
the remarkable diversityof our world's heritage.
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