September 10, 2025 • 42 mins
This week, we embark on an engaging exploration of urban wildlife, with a focus on the ancient woodlands of Sydenham Hill Wood, a remarkable remnant of London’s rich woodland heritage.
Nature News shares the latest wildlife and environmental stories, including a tribute to the late Debbie Bailey, a passionate advocate for badgers. We also discuss recent findings regarding the presence of rodenticides in wildlife and ongoing efforts to conserve ancient trees.
In this week’s Wildlife Matters Mindful Moments, we invite you to appreciate the beauty of our natural environment and reflect on the significance of these stories in our evolving relationship with nature.
Takeaways:
- This week’s episode of Wildlife Matters explores the ancient woodlands of Sydenham Hill Wood, highlighting its significance in urban wildlife conservation.
- The podcast pays tribute to Debbie Bailey, whose legacy through the Debbie Bailey Foundation continues to support badger conservation efforts.
- Listeners are encouraged to engage with their local environment and appreciate the changing colours of autumn trees during this season.
- We share alarming findings regarding the impact of rodenticides on wildlife, urging listeners to consider the ecological implications of these substances.
- The episode emphasises the importance of ancient trees and ongoing scientific research aimed at understanding their longevity and role in biodiversity.
- Wildlife Matters invites listeners to practice mindfulness by noticing the sounds of Nature, fostering a deeper connection with the environment.
Links referenced in this episode:
Companies mentioned in this episode:
- Woodland Trust
- Natural England
- Wildlife Poisoning Research UK
- Debbie Bailey Foundation
- Derbyshire Wildlife Trust
Mark as Played
Transcript
Episode Transcript
Available transcripts are automatically generated. Complete accuracy is not guaranteed.
(00:24):
Hello and welcome to thisweek's Wildlife Matters Podcast podcast.
Today you join us for athrilling urban wildlife adventure
as we explore the lastremnants of the great woods in the
city we now know as London.
With a focus on the stunningancient woodlands of Sydenham Hill
(00:44):
Wood.
This week's Wildlife Mattersmindful moments encourages you to
pause and be present, inspiredby the simple act of noticing a sound
and sharing a special moment.
But first, let's dive intothis week's Wildlife Matters Nature
(01:05):
News, where we share thewildlife and nature stories that
have caught our attention this week.
(01:27):
Hello and welcome to thisweek's Wildlife Matters Nature News.
Our first story this weekhighlights that scientists are investigating
why certain trees, such as theCrouch oak in Adelstone, Surrey and
the Druids oak at BurnhamBeeches in Buckinghamshire can live
(01:47):
for centuries.
Trees are crucial forsustaining life on Earth as they
absorb carbon dioxide andmoisture release oxygen.
However, while some endureextreme weather, disease and climate
change to thrive forcenturies, others succumb to these
conditions prematurely.
(02:08):
To uncover the reasons behindthe longevity of these trees, the
Woodland Trust and thearboricultural association are analyzing
the DNA of some of theseancient giants.
Dr. Ed Pine, a conservationscientist from the Woodland Trust,
collected a leaf sample fromthe Druids oak for DNA testing.
(02:32):
He remarked to WildlifeMatters, we know that this tree is
a survivor.
Is it just that it's been lucky?
Has it had a stress free lifeor is there something special about
its genes?
The Druid's oak has lived forover 800 years, with some oak trees
exceeding 1000 years of age.
(02:54):
But if the scientists canidentify unique traits in the DNA
of these ancient trees, thisknowledge could aid in restoring
Britain's depleted woodlands.
By selecting the best oaks forplanting, scientists can enhance
the survival and growthprospects of new forests, thereby
(03:15):
creating new habitats forwildlife, said Dr. Pye.
Dr. Emma Gilmartin from theOboran Cultural association said
by exploring the genome ofancient trees, we can understand
how to manage them better,securing their future for generations
to come.
Oak trees are consideredancient once they reach their 400th
(03:38):
birthday, and the DNA study isset to analyze around 50 of the UK's
most renowned ancient oaks.
This DNA study is just one ofthe initiatives prioritising oak
tree conservation.
The National Nature Reserveadjacent to Mockass park in Herefordshire
has prioritised oaks in itslandscape restoration plans as part
(04:03):
of efforts to restore a woodpasture, a habitat characterized
by open grasslands and ancient trees.
Acorns from centuries old oaksin the area are being collected and
these acorns are growing intoyoung oak trees off site and will
be replanted in their originallocations, whilst non native conifers
(04:27):
previously planted here arebeing relocated.
Tom Simpson from NaturalEngland told Wildlife Matters that
since the project's inception16 years ago, there has been a remarkable
boom in the local birdpopulation along with a research
emergence of rare species,including various species of fly
(04:48):
beetle, bats and birds.
A notable example is themocass beetle, which has been found
living only on 14 ancient oaktrees within Mocass Park.
Tom added, we are reallyseeing nature recover on this site.
In addition to ongoing studiesof ancient oak trees, the Woodland
(05:09):
Trust is employing 3D modelingtechniques to enhance understanding
and management of thesemagnificent trees for the future.
The Woodland Trust maintainsan Ancient Tree Inventory which currently
lists over 190,000 trees inits database.
The Woodland Trust likensthese ancient trees to our stately
(05:33):
homes, artworks andcathedrals, emphasizing their significance.
They encourage the public tosubmit and record old trees in their
inventory to ensure bettercare for these vital natural assets.
Our second story this week isa disturbing one as a study reveals
(05:53):
alarming levels of rat poisonfound in otters and other wildlife
species New research byWildlife Poisoning Research UK has
uncovered concerning levels ofrat pocket poison in British otters
and other native speciesincluding foxes and birds of prey.
(06:14):
The study found that 91% ofall otters tested had been exposed
to second generationanticoagulant rodenticides or SGAR's,
with 43% showing lethal levelsof the poisons.
Notably, the livers of allotters tested since 2019 have contained
(06:38):
these harmful substances.
Beyond their immediate lethaleffects, these poisons have chronic
and debilitating consequences,with affected animals and birds exhibiting
lethargy and a lack ofawareness for several days before
their death, rendering themmore vulnerable to predation and
(06:59):
trauma such as being struck by vehicles.
Recent evidence indicates thatsub lethal doses of poisons can damage
the immune system and elevatedisease levels within wildlife populations
and research shows that theproportion of otters exposed to these
toxins in Wales and throughoutBritain is significantly higher than
(07:23):
in other countries, accordingto similar studies in Germany.
Investigations have revealedthat otters are poisoned by consuming
fish contaminated with SGAR's,which is caused by poorly treated
sewage and direct runoff from drains.
These poisons are frequentlyused to control rat populations in
(07:45):
sewers, often without anypublic knowledge.
Dr. Ed Blaine from WPR UK hasspoken stress the urgent need to
test sewage, effluent andriver life for these poisons in Britain.
If this is so, then it is timeto reassess the use of these poisons
in sewer systems.
(08:06):
He said there are alternativesto SGAR poisons that do not pose
the same level ofenvironmental risk.
According to Dr. Blaine, manypoisons currently found in our waterways
should have been banned due tofailing environmental risk assessments.
However, the BritishGovernment has permitted their continued
(08:28):
use provided the chemicalindustry takes measures to significantly
reduce poison exposure to wildlife.
This is a stance that has alsobeen backed by the Welsh Government.
As a result, levels of poisondetected in the livers of various
wildlife species have surgedby 220% in buzzards, 401% in foxes
(08:56):
and 100% in peregrine falcons.
A significant contributor tothis issue in the Wye catchment area
is the prevalence ofindustrial chicken farms where the
use of rat poison isconsiderably higher, leading to a
substantial amount of thetoxins entering watercourses.
(09:17):
This research has revealed theextent of pollution in our water
courses and this is one ofmany reasons why we must prioritize
cleaning up our rivers andwater courses whilst ensuring that
we stop this high levelcontamination from intensive farming
and other environmentalimpacts from our current lifestyle.
(09:42):
Our third story is a heartfelttribute to a true champion of wildlife,
Debbie Bailey, who is takenfrom us far too soon.
Renowned for her unwaveringdedication, Debbie led the largest
volunteer based badgervaccination program in Britain.
Based in her home county ofDerbyshire, Debbie's commitment to
(10:07):
understanding the issuessurrounding badgers and her tireless
campaigning against the badgercole is.
When I first met her back in2013, her passion drive and energy
were exceptional, making her apowerful advocate for these amazing
creatures.
(10:28):
One of her most significantachievements was persuading her then
MP Andrew Bingham to defyparty lines and vote against the
cull by presenting the latestscientific research and highlighting
public opposition.
Debbie even took him out intothe field, showing him firsthand
(10:48):
the beauty of badgers.
Debbie dedicated herself tothe High Peak Badger Group and the
Derbyshire Wildlife TrustVaccination Project, providing a
practical alternative toshooting badgers.
After badger vaccination waslicensed in 2010 and trialled on
(11:08):
a small scale, Debbie took atwo year unpaid career break to coordinate
what would become the firstand largest volunteer led badger
vaccination program.
This groundbreaking projectdemonstrated a viable alternative
to culling at scale, involvingmultiple stakeholders and influencing
(11:29):
discussions at the highestlevels of government.
In recognition for her work,Debbie was awarded the i4 Animal
Action Award in 2018.
Sumaya told us that when thebadger cull began in 2013, Debbie
was incensed.
(11:50):
The tributes have poured infor Debbie, including A touching
message from the Badger Trust,the leading authority on badgers
in Britain, who said Debbiewas a true ABAJA champion.
From leading pioneeringvaccination projects to tackling
wildlife crime, her passion,kindness and dedication leave a lasting
(12:13):
legacy.
Debbie's fascination withbadgers began when she discovered
scrapes on her lawn, leadingher to feed and to watch the badgers
from her patio in the evenings.
Eager to share thisexperience, Debbie launched Badger
Watch, allowing others towitness the badgers up close, separated
(12:34):
only by a large window.
She encouraged every visitorto contribute to the Hypeak Badger
Group in exchange for thisunique experience.
Despite the challenges ofcoordinating the badger vaccination
project and her local badgergroup, Debbie consistently found
(12:55):
time to assist injured or sickbadgers, hedgehogs, and indeed other
wildlife, often nursing themback to health in her own home.
Working through her extensivenetwork of wildlife friends to ensure
their safe release back to thewild after their rehabilitation,
Debbie forged partnership andinspired change on a national level,
(13:19):
never shying away fromstanding up for what was right.
But above all, she will beremembered for her kindness, a guiding
light to everyone who knew her.
Debbie didn't just speak forbadgers, she fought for them.
And Debbie will be sadly missed.
Debbie was truly in herelement when she was out in the fields
(13:42):
with her beloved badgers, butshe cherished hosting family and
friends friends at her home.
Her funeral and wake served asa fitting tribute to a remarkable
individual attended by herfamily, friends and many of us from
the badger and wider wildlifecommunity who all joined together
(14:02):
to pay their respects in honorof her legacy of compassion and action.
Debbie's family hasestablished the Debbie Bailey foundation
for Badgers, ensuring herimpact and legacy continues.
Badgers have truly lost a dearfriend that has been this week's
(14:26):
Wildlife Matters Nature.
Debbie bailey was just 58, butshe achieved more for her beloved
(14:47):
badgers than she could everhave anticipated.
And her remarkable legacy willlive on through the Debbie Bailey
foundation, which willcontinue to support badgers.
If you would like to donate toDebbie's foundation, we will put
a link in the show notes.
We will also closely monitorthe developing stock story of the
(15:09):
high levels of rodenticides inwildlife over the coming weeks.
We love trees and plants hereat Wildlife Matters, so celebrating
some of these ancient trees isvery important to us and we encourage
you to get outside and enjoyyour local trees, especially now
(15:30):
as they begin theirspectacular autumn displays of color.
This week, Wildlife Matters.
A mindful moment invites us tobe present and to appreciate the
often overlooked sounds of nature.
So join us and allow yourselfto be in the moment and listen to
(15:53):
the sounds of the ancientwoodland in this week's Wildlife
Matters.
Mindful moments.
(16:25):
It it's when you take a momentto stop and listen, what you hear
(17:30):
can be truly remarkable.
This is the remarkable oldtree in Sydenham Hill Wood in South
London.
The tree is probably severalhundred years old.
It has endured for many yearsand undergone numerous changes.
But on this particular day, itcreaked as it swayed with the wind,
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its upper canopy leavesdancing in the breeze.
And standing by its base withmy handheld recorder provided a unique
insight into how trees flexand move in ways that are often unseen
and unnoticed, but cancertainly be heard if you choose
(18:14):
to listen.
Now join me for the secondurban wildlife adventure as we explore
the magnificent woods thatonce covered all of London and discover
the incredible wildlife havenof Sydenham Hill Wood in this week's
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Wildlife Matters main feature.
Hello and welcome to thisweek's Wildlife Matters main feature.
Wild London is a new series byWildlife Matters that explores the
wildest locations within ourcities and urban centers.
(18:58):
We began this journey at WestNorwood Cemetery back in July, which
was featured in episode six ofthis series.
If you want to go back andhave a listen.
But London is renowned as oneof the greenest cities globally,
boasting famous parks andgreen spaces.
But it also harbours lesserknown wild places where one can escape
(19:23):
the hustle and bustle of citylife and immerse yourself in nature.
For nearly 25 years, WildlifeMatters has been dedicated to wildlife
and green spaces in and around London.
When discussing wildlife inthe city, many people often look
puzzled and ask me, is thereany they might mention pigeons, squirrels
(19:49):
and sometimes even foxes.
But there is so much more todiscover, from peregrine falcons
and grass snakes to red deerand tawny owls.
So join me as we explore oneof my favourite spots in London for
wildlife watching.
Sydenham Hill Wood.
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Sydenham Hill Wood slopes fromone of London's highest points down
to Selhurst, and it's one ofthe last remnants of the historic
Great North Wood, which oncestretched from the River Thames down
as far south to Croydon.
The word is home to a richvariety of wildlife that includes
(20:30):
rare fungi, insects, birds,mammals and over 200 species of trees
and plants.
And with plenty of fallentrees, branches and logs, there are
opportunities to climb, swingor just sit.
The dense tree covereffectively blocks out the sounds
(20:50):
and the sights of the city,creating a tranquil escape.
And you can explore historicalfeatures here, too, such as the railway
tunnel that once transportedVictorians to the Crystal Palace,
a folly, a memorable bridgeand a breathtaking view of the central
(21:11):
London landmarks.
Walking in Sydenham Hill Woodhas always brought me great pleasure,
especially with its abundanceof wildlife.
This morning, just aftersunrise, I was fortunate enough to
spot a pair of tawny owlsengaged in their intricate communication.
Tawny owls possess a widerange of calls that are far more
(21:35):
sophisticated than theinfamous twit tu most people recognize.
I read a science paper,Appleby and Redpath 97, Gallotti
98, Gallotti and Pavan 2008and Redpath et al.
2000 that explained how, basedon the harshness, length, pitch of
(21:58):
their calls and the relativeproportions of certain syllables,
the owls can discern theidentity of the caller, its sex,
build, weight, health,aggression level and even the quality
of its territory.
I was amazed to discover thatno two tawny owls sound alike and
(22:20):
they all have their own localand regional accents.
Since learning this, I havebecome aware of the two pairs of
tawny owls that live near myhome and can now identify which one
of them is calling.
Now, I'm no Dr. Dolittle, butlike many of you who spend time in
nature, you get to know yourlocal wildlife.
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The next bird I encounteredwas a stunning kestrel hovering in
a classic kestrel style.
It's the only hawk capable ofhovering for extended periods while
scanning the ground for its breakfast.
Its white tail, edged withbrown and black feathers, fanned
out beautifully as itmaintained its position.
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The kestrel hovered for 20,maybe 30 seconds, allowing me ample
time to admire its sleek bodyand long tapered wings before it
dropped from the sky.
Unfortunately, it returnedwithout breakfast, emitting that
lovely kes kes call that givesit its name.
(23:27):
The fire crest is a tiny yetspectacular looking bird.
It competes with the goldcrest for the title of the Britain's
smallest bird.
It was once just a seasonalvisitor, but it is now found breeding
in woodlands across London andsouth of England.
It's similar in size to a goldcrest, but the fire crest boasts
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a rich olive green top coatand a buff white underside.
The males are distinguished bytheir bright orange crown edged with
black, whilst the femalessport a yellow crown.
Its most distinctive featureis the bright white line above its
eye, setting it apart from thegold crest.
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First recorded breeding in theUK in Hampshire back in 1962.
Fire crests are now prevalentin coniferous woodlands and plantations
throughout much of southern England.
London is also renowned inWildlife World for being an excellent
place to spot stag beetles.
(24:32):
And Sydenham Hill Wood is oneof the best places where you will
find them.
The wood features aconsiderable amount of fallen trees
that have decayed over theyears, providing the ideal habitat
for stag beetle larvae.
These larvae can spend up tosix years in a decaying branch or
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stump before emerging as adultstag beetles, living fast and furiously
for just one summer.
They don't eat during thistime, but will mate as often as possible
before succumbing to the firstfrosts of autumn.
Whilst discussing insects,it's worth noting the abundance of
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butterflies here today.
I've already spotted a redadmiral, a peacock and a comma species
that would have sparked muchdiscussion just a few years ago,
but are now increasinglycommon as their populations expand
across Britain.
I've also seen a brown argusfeeding on some cranesbill, and although
(25:36):
these are not rare, I wassurprised to see it in a woodland,
as this butterfly is moretypically associated with the chalk
grassland found about 30 milessouth of here.
A little further along thepath, basking in a small patch of
sunlight that penetratesthrough the woodland canopy, is a
speckled wood butterfly, againnot rare.
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It is an attractive sight,though, with its brown wings adorned
with golden orange to yellowspeckles that resemble eyes.
It is then that a foul odourdrew me to a group of fungi that
was sitting by a fallen tree bough.
Upon closer inspection, Iidentified them as the fetid Marasmirus.
(26:25):
The fetidus.
Part of the name aptlydescribes the potent sour smell of
these mushrooms.
Their red to brown appearancereminds me of a jellyfish as they
lie flat on the ground withtheir pleated edges.
It's funny, though.
Once you start looking forfungi, you can begin to spot them
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much more often.
In Britain, we have just afraction of the approximately 2,000
thousand species ofCortinarius found worldwide.
That's the largest groupwithin the agarix mushroom family.
While many of thesedistinctive fungi have a veil on
the cap, some are toxic and afew are deadly, making them unsuitable
(27:09):
for foraging.
As I walk deeper into thewoodland, a small ring of large white
mushrooms comes into view in agrassy clearing at the path's edge.
Investigating further, Idiscover a perfect fairy ring of
fungi, each standing around 75mil, or about 3 inches tall.
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The gills and stems are whiteand the cap is also white with a
stipe, but lacks a ring.
However, the unpleasant smell,a blend of radishes and honey, indicates
that I might have found awhite knight.
The white knight forms asymbiotic mycorrhizal relationship
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with sessile oaks, which areprominent here at Sydenham Hill Wood.
Despite its name, this speciesis not edible and is known for its
bitter and even acrid taste.
I've never been tempted toeven have a nibble.
The sessile oak, which cangrow to 40 to 50 meters, is less
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well known than the Englishoak but plays a vital role in woodlands.
Its acorns are directlyattached to outer twigs rather than
held on stalks, allowing it toform dense single species woodlands
if it is left to grow.
And although sessile oaktimber is less highly regarded than
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that of English oak, it hasbeen used for centuries mainly to
make barrels and casks for thebrewing industry, enhancing the flavour
of wine and spirits.
In addition to the oakspecies, hornbeam is another main
tree here in Sydenham Wood.
Although common in southernand eastern England, it is often
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overshadowed by other woodlandspecies as it is a critical component
of ancient woodlands which areunfortunately rare.
The common hornbeam, alsoknown as the hard beam due to its
demanding and challenging woodwhen working, it features a smooth
grey twisting trunk andtoothed edged leaves.
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Its large catkins appear inlate spring while the winged seeds
can be seen dispersing in the autumn.
Although it may be mistakenfor the common beech, the hornbeam's
leaves are deeply veined withspiny edges and those distinctive
bare three lobed seeds.
Hazel, on the other hand,supports a diverse ecosystem, providing
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food for moth caterpillarssuch as the large emerald, the small
white wave bardumber and thenut tree tussock.
In managed woodlands wherehazel is coppiced, the resulting
open wildflower rich habitatfosters a thriving population of
butterflies, particularly fritillaries.
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Coppiced hazel offers shelterto ground nesting birds like the
nightingale nightjar,yellowhammer and the willow warbler.
Hazel has long been associatedwith the dormouse.
Often called the hazeldormouse, these tiny animals rely
on hazelnuts to help fattenthem up for hibernation, whilst in
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spring hazel leaves serve as agood source of caterpillars for their
diet.
Other wildlife, includingwoodpeckers, nuthatches, the tit
species, wood pigeons, jaysand small mammals, all consume hazelnuts.
Hazel flowers provide earlypollen for the bees.
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Although the non sticky natureof this pollen makes it challenging
for bees to collect in large quantities.
Over the last couple of yearsI've helped with the dormouse surveys
in the woods.
Where there is a healthypopulation, locating dormice can
be pretty challenging and theyare protected by law, making it illegal
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to handle them without a license.
Therefore, it is essential toavoid disturbing these dormice if
you see one, its nest or theDormice survey wooden or black plastic
boxes that you can sometimessee hanging from the trees.
Please leave them undisturbedas disturbing them would not only
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be illegal, but it would alsofrighten any dormouse inside.
An easier way to see if youhave mice species in your area is
to do a nut hunt.
For example, wood mice, bankfoals and dormice all gnaw round
holes in hazelnut shells,leaving distinctive marks that can
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help identify which specieshave been feeding on the nut.
One method to locate theseanimals is through the nut hunt,
a simple activity perfect for families.
The only equipment needed is amagnifying glass.
The best time for this surveyis during the autumn and early winter
when the trees are bare anddiscarded nutshells are easily visible
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on the woodland floor.
Nest tubes are anothereffective method for detecting dormice,
particularly in areas wherenut searches may be less fruitful.
Although these are typicallyused by licensed and trained ecologists,
nest tubes are excellent toolsfor surveying but are not intended
for long term population monitoring.
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When surveying for dormice,small numbers of tubes may fail to
detect their presence even ifthey are known to inhabit the area.
Natural nest searches areparticularly valuable in the absence
of other signs.
Dormice nests are about thesize of a grapefruit, are typically
found in brambles and lowgrowing shrubs, generally around
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a meter above the ground.
They can inhabit nest tubesand boxes using materials such as
grass leaves and honeysucklebark to construct their homes.
Sydenham Hill Wood is ahotspot for mustelids too, hosting
at least four species,including the iconic badger.
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Badger is the largest of theUK mustelids and they measure between
60 and up to 85cm in lengthand are easily recognized by their
stocky, muscular build, grayand white fur, long snouts, and of
course, those distinctivestripes across their eyes.
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Badgers are active from duskuntil dawn, frequently foraging in
open fields for worms and grubs.
They create established trailsand sets their underground homes
that are used by multiple generations.
This indicates a thrivingpopulation in the woods, especially
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if you are here at dawn and dusk.
In contrast to badgers, theweasel is the smallest mustelid in
Britain, with the adultsmeasuring a maximum of 20cm long.
But weasels are quick andelusive, sporting a chestnut brown
back and sides with an offwhite underside.
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Their short straight tails arealso chestnut brown.
They can often be seenunexpectedly emerging from long grass
or beneath hedgerows.
In colder winters their coatscan change to white, a rare adaption
here in southern Britain thatprovides camouflage against snowy
environments, reducingvulnerability to predators such as
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hawks and Owls.
The stoat is a close relativeof the weasel, can also be found
here in Sydenham Hill Wood.
It can be distinguished fromthe weasel by the black tip on its
tail, often referred to as apaintbrush tip, and by its larger
size of up to around 30cm andthe longer tail.
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Stoats are remarkable hunters.
They're capable of preying onanimals up to 33 times their own
size.
They thrive in diversehabitats including woodlands, moorlands
and hedgerows, particularlyfavouring areas with old dry stone
walls and rocky mounds thatprovide excellent cover for both
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themselves and their prey.
The American mink is anothermustelid that can be found at Sydenham
Hill Wood.
Primarily, it inhabits riversacross the uk, having escaped or
been released from fur farmsduring the six 60s and 70s.
These mink are significantlysmaller than the native otter and
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feature a dark brown to almostblack coat with small ears and a
distinctive floppy black tail.
Unlike the otter's pointedtail, mink are active both day and
night and can often be spottedexploring canals and small streams.
A mink are controversial amongconservationists and are now classified
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as an alien species here inthe uk uk.
Their presence in the woodsindicates their adaptability and
suggests they are wellestablished in the area.
Sydenham Hill Wood is alsohome to several fascinating attractions
that highlight its rich history.
Among these is the Folly, alsoknown as the Ruins, which are remnants
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of Fairwood, which was a grandvilla constructed in the early 1860s
for David Henry Stone, aprominent businessman and an attorney.
This area of London rose toprominence in the mid 19th century
after the relocation of theCrystal palace, attracting many distinguished
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families.
Today, only the folly standsas a testament to the past here.
Although some claim to haveglimpsed Fairwood hidden beneath
thick holly brambles andbracken deep in the woods.
Another significant structureis the Cox's Walk footbridge, built
around 1865 to allowpedestrian access across the railway
(37:37):
line to Selhurst and to theCrystal Palace.
It was fully restored to itsoriginal design using teak and iron
in 1906, but fell intodisrepair following the railway's
closures in 19.
Bridge is currently part ofthe Green Chain Walk and is undergoing
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substantial restoration bySouthwark Council, although on the
day we visited it remainedclosed for that restoration.
Next is the Crescent WoodTunnel, also known as Upper Sydenham
Tunnel.
It's adjacent to the stationof the same name.
This is a 400 yard double boretunnel that was constructed by the
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Crystal palace and SouthLondon Junction Railway to link Sydenham
Hill woods to the proposedUpper Sydenham Station.
It played a role in the GreatExhibition when it relocated from
Hyde park in 1851 and wasofficially opened on the 1st of May
that year.
The tunnel was bricked up inthe 1980s and has since become a
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vital bat hibernaculum whichis managed by the London Wildlife
Trust.
Wildlife Matters has helped toconduct two bat surveys in Sydenham
Hill woods recordingsignificant numbers of common and
soprano pipistrelle batsalongside similar populations of
Noctule ceratine and theMeiotis or mouse eared bat.
(39:10):
Additional surveys by thelocal bat group have also identified
species such as the Leislerwhiskered Alcato and brown long eared
bat.
Watching the bats emerge fromthe tunnel as they came out to feed,
swirling and circling me as Irecorded the sounds of their wings
(39:31):
and sonar, which of course isout of range of our hearing before
they soared overhead, was adelightful conclusion to our day
at Sydenham Hill Wood.
We hope you have enjoyed ourvisit here and that next time that
you are in South London youyou will make some time to visit
(39:51):
this amazing woodland for yourself.
It is a wonderful place forpeople and for wildlife and that
has been this week's WildlifeMatters main feature.
(40:12):
Nestled just a few miles fromthe vibrant urban landscape of London
lies the tranquil beauty ofSydenham Hill Wood.
This ancient woodland servesas a sanctuary for both wildlife
and people, offering a muchneeded escape from the hustle and
(40:33):
bustle of modern life.
Whether you're looking for aleisurely afternoon stroll or an
adventurous day in out,Sydenham Hill Wood is worth a visit.
It truly is one of the hiddengems of wild London, contributing
to the city's reputation asone of the greenest capitals in the
(40:55):
world.
We have more urban wildlifeadventures lined up, so if you enjoy
our content, please subscribe,follow and like our podcast.
Taking a moment to leave acomment or review wherever you wherever
you listen can greatly helpfellow nature lovers discover us.
(41:15):
Thank you for your support.
In the next episode of theWildlife Matters podcast, we will
celebrate the changing seasonswith a live storytelling special
around the campfire in theheart of the deep dark woods.
So grab a drink and settle inas we share two nature inspired folklore
(41:38):
stories for our Autumn Equinoxstorytelling special.
As always, we appreciate everyone of you.
Thank you for taking the timeto join us today.
Wildlife Matters will returnin two weeks.
Until then, stay curious wild ones.
This is Wildlife Matterssigning off.
Hello and welcome to thisweek's Wildlife Matters Podcast podcast.
Today you join us for athrilling urban wildlife adventure
as we explore the lastremnants of the great woods in the
city we now know as London.
With a focus on the stunningancient woodlands of Sydenham Hill
(00:44):
Wood.
This week's Wildlife Mattersmindful moments encourages you to
pause and be present, inspiredby the simple act of noticing a sound
and sharing a special moment.
But first, let's dive intothis week's Wildlife Matters Nature
(01:05):
News, where we share thewildlife and nature stories that
have caught our attention this week.
(01:27):
Hello and welcome to thisweek's Wildlife Matters Nature News.
Our first story this weekhighlights that scientists are investigating
why certain trees, such as theCrouch oak in Adelstone, Surrey and
the Druids oak at BurnhamBeeches in Buckinghamshire can live
(01:47):
for centuries.
Trees are crucial forsustaining life on Earth as they
absorb carbon dioxide andmoisture release oxygen.
However, while some endureextreme weather, disease and climate
change to thrive forcenturies, others succumb to these
conditions prematurely.
(02:08):
To uncover the reasons behindthe longevity of these trees, the
Woodland Trust and thearboricultural association are analyzing
the DNA of some of theseancient giants.
Dr. Ed Pine, a conservationscientist from the Woodland Trust,
collected a leaf sample fromthe Druids oak for DNA testing.
(02:32):
He remarked to WildlifeMatters, we know that this tree is
a survivor.
Is it just that it's been lucky?
Has it had a stress free lifeor is there something special about
its genes?
The Druid's oak has lived forover 800 years, with some oak trees
exceeding 1000 years of age.
(02:54):
But if the scientists canidentify unique traits in the DNA
of these ancient trees, thisknowledge could aid in restoring
Britain's depleted woodlands.
By selecting the best oaks forplanting, scientists can enhance
the survival and growthprospects of new forests, thereby
(03:15):
creating new habitats forwildlife, said Dr. Pye.
Dr. Emma Gilmartin from theOboran Cultural association said
by exploring the genome ofancient trees, we can understand
how to manage them better,securing their future for generations
to come.
Oak trees are consideredancient once they reach their 400th
(03:38):
birthday, and the DNA study isset to analyze around 50 of the UK's
most renowned ancient oaks.
This DNA study is just one ofthe initiatives prioritising oak
tree conservation.
The National Nature Reserveadjacent to Mockass park in Herefordshire
has prioritised oaks in itslandscape restoration plans as part
(04:03):
of efforts to restore a woodpasture, a habitat characterized
by open grasslands and ancient trees.
Acorns from centuries old oaksin the area are being collected and
these acorns are growing intoyoung oak trees off site and will
be replanted in their originallocations, whilst non native conifers
(04:27):
previously planted here arebeing relocated.
Tom Simpson from NaturalEngland told Wildlife Matters that
since the project's inception16 years ago, there has been a remarkable
boom in the local birdpopulation along with a research
emergence of rare species,including various species of fly
(04:48):
beetle, bats and birds.
A notable example is themocass beetle, which has been found
living only on 14 ancient oaktrees within Mocass Park.
Tom added, we are reallyseeing nature recover on this site.
In addition to ongoing studiesof ancient oak trees, the Woodland
(05:09):
Trust is employing 3D modelingtechniques to enhance understanding
and management of thesemagnificent trees for the future.
The Woodland Trust maintainsan Ancient Tree Inventory which currently
lists over 190,000 trees inits database.
The Woodland Trust likensthese ancient trees to our stately
(05:33):
homes, artworks andcathedrals, emphasizing their significance.
They encourage the public tosubmit and record old trees in their
inventory to ensure bettercare for these vital natural assets.
Our second story this week isa disturbing one as a study reveals
(05:53):
alarming levels of rat poisonfound in otters and other wildlife
species New research byWildlife Poisoning Research UK has
uncovered concerning levels ofrat pocket poison in British otters
and other native speciesincluding foxes and birds of prey.
(06:14):
The study found that 91% ofall otters tested had been exposed
to second generationanticoagulant rodenticides or SGAR's,
with 43% showing lethal levelsof the poisons.
Notably, the livers of allotters tested since 2019 have contained
(06:38):
these harmful substances.
Beyond their immediate lethaleffects, these poisons have chronic
and debilitating consequences,with affected animals and birds exhibiting
lethargy and a lack ofawareness for several days before
their death, rendering themmore vulnerable to predation and
(06:59):
trauma such as being struck by vehicles.
Recent evidence indicates thatsub lethal doses of poisons can damage
the immune system and elevatedisease levels within wildlife populations
and research shows that theproportion of otters exposed to these
toxins in Wales and throughoutBritain is significantly higher than
(07:23):
in other countries, accordingto similar studies in Germany.
Investigations have revealedthat otters are poisoned by consuming
fish contaminated with SGAR's,which is caused by poorly treated
sewage and direct runoff from drains.
These poisons are frequentlyused to control rat populations in
(07:45):
sewers, often without anypublic knowledge.
Dr. Ed Blaine from WPR UK hasspoken stress the urgent need to
test sewage, effluent andriver life for these poisons in Britain.
If this is so, then it is timeto reassess the use of these poisons
in sewer systems.
(08:06):
He said there are alternativesto SGAR poisons that do not pose
the same level ofenvironmental risk.
According to Dr. Blaine, manypoisons currently found in our waterways
should have been banned due tofailing environmental risk assessments.
However, the BritishGovernment has permitted their continued
(08:28):
use provided the chemicalindustry takes measures to significantly
reduce poison exposure to wildlife.
This is a stance that has alsobeen backed by the Welsh Government.
As a result, levels of poisondetected in the livers of various
wildlife species have surgedby 220% in buzzards, 401% in foxes
(08:56):
and 100% in peregrine falcons.
A significant contributor tothis issue in the Wye catchment area
is the prevalence ofindustrial chicken farms where the
use of rat poison isconsiderably higher, leading to a
substantial amount of thetoxins entering watercourses.
(09:17):
This research has revealed theextent of pollution in our water
courses and this is one ofmany reasons why we must prioritize
cleaning up our rivers andwater courses whilst ensuring that
we stop this high levelcontamination from intensive farming
and other environmentalimpacts from our current lifestyle.
(09:42):
Our third story is a heartfelttribute to a true champion of wildlife,
Debbie Bailey, who is takenfrom us far too soon.
Renowned for her unwaveringdedication, Debbie led the largest
volunteer based badgervaccination program in Britain.
Based in her home county ofDerbyshire, Debbie's commitment to
(10:07):
understanding the issuessurrounding badgers and her tireless
campaigning against the badgercole is.
When I first met her back in2013, her passion drive and energy
were exceptional, making her apowerful advocate for these amazing
creatures.
(10:28):
One of her most significantachievements was persuading her then
MP Andrew Bingham to defyparty lines and vote against the
cull by presenting the latestscientific research and highlighting
public opposition.
Debbie even took him out intothe field, showing him firsthand
(10:48):
the beauty of badgers.
Debbie dedicated herself tothe High Peak Badger Group and the
Derbyshire Wildlife TrustVaccination Project, providing a
practical alternative toshooting badgers.
After badger vaccination waslicensed in 2010 and trialled on
(11:08):
a small scale, Debbie took atwo year unpaid career break to coordinate
what would become the firstand largest volunteer led badger
vaccination program.
This groundbreaking projectdemonstrated a viable alternative
to culling at scale, involvingmultiple stakeholders and influencing
(11:29):
discussions at the highestlevels of government.
In recognition for her work,Debbie was awarded the i4 Animal
Action Award in 2018.
Sumaya told us that when thebadger cull began in 2013, Debbie
was incensed.
(11:50):
The tributes have poured infor Debbie, including A touching
message from the Badger Trust,the leading authority on badgers
in Britain, who said Debbiewas a true ABAJA champion.
From leading pioneeringvaccination projects to tackling
wildlife crime, her passion,kindness and dedication leave a lasting
(12:13):
legacy.
Debbie's fascination withbadgers began when she discovered
scrapes on her lawn, leadingher to feed and to watch the badgers
from her patio in the evenings.
Eager to share thisexperience, Debbie launched Badger
Watch, allowing others towitness the badgers up close, separated
(12:34):
only by a large window.
She encouraged every visitorto contribute to the Hypeak Badger
Group in exchange for thisunique experience.
Despite the challenges ofcoordinating the badger vaccination
project and her local badgergroup, Debbie consistently found
(12:55):
time to assist injured or sickbadgers, hedgehogs, and indeed other
wildlife, often nursing themback to health in her own home.
Working through her extensivenetwork of wildlife friends to ensure
their safe release back to thewild after their rehabilitation,
Debbie forged partnership andinspired change on a national level,
(13:19):
never shying away fromstanding up for what was right.
But above all, she will beremembered for her kindness, a guiding
light to everyone who knew her.
Debbie didn't just speak forbadgers, she fought for them.
And Debbie will be sadly missed.
Debbie was truly in herelement when she was out in the fields
(13:42):
with her beloved badgers, butshe cherished hosting family and
friends friends at her home.
Her funeral and wake served asa fitting tribute to a remarkable
individual attended by herfamily, friends and many of us from
the badger and wider wildlifecommunity who all joined together
(14:02):
to pay their respects in honorof her legacy of compassion and action.
Debbie's family hasestablished the Debbie Bailey foundation
for Badgers, ensuring herimpact and legacy continues.
Badgers have truly lost a dearfriend that has been this week's
(14:26):
Wildlife Matters Nature.
Debbie bailey was just 58, butshe achieved more for her beloved
(14:47):
badgers than she could everhave anticipated.
And her remarkable legacy willlive on through the Debbie Bailey
foundation, which willcontinue to support badgers.
If you would like to donate toDebbie's foundation, we will put
a link in the show notes.
We will also closely monitorthe developing stock story of the
(15:09):
high levels of rodenticides inwildlife over the coming weeks.
We love trees and plants hereat Wildlife Matters, so celebrating
some of these ancient trees isvery important to us and we encourage
you to get outside and enjoyyour local trees, especially now
(15:30):
as they begin theirspectacular autumn displays of color.
This week, Wildlife Matters.
A mindful moment invites us tobe present and to appreciate the
often overlooked sounds of nature.
So join us and allow yourselfto be in the moment and listen to
(15:53):
the sounds of the ancientwoodland in this week's Wildlife
Matters.
Mindful moments.
(16:25):
It it's when you take a momentto stop and listen, what you hear
(17:30):
can be truly remarkable.
This is the remarkable oldtree in Sydenham Hill Wood in South
London.
The tree is probably severalhundred years old.
It has endured for many yearsand undergone numerous changes.
But on this particular day, itcreaked as it swayed with the wind,
(17:53):
its upper canopy leavesdancing in the breeze.
And standing by its base withmy handheld recorder provided a unique
insight into how trees flexand move in ways that are often unseen
and unnoticed, but cancertainly be heard if you choose
(18:14):
to listen.
Now join me for the secondurban wildlife adventure as we explore
the magnificent woods thatonce covered all of London and discover
the incredible wildlife havenof Sydenham Hill Wood in this week's
(18:35):
Wildlife Matters main feature.
Hello and welcome to thisweek's Wildlife Matters main feature.
Wild London is a new series byWildlife Matters that explores the
wildest locations within ourcities and urban centers.
(18:58):
We began this journey at WestNorwood Cemetery back in July, which
was featured in episode six ofthis series.
If you want to go back andhave a listen.
But London is renowned as oneof the greenest cities globally,
boasting famous parks andgreen spaces.
But it also harbours lesserknown wild places where one can escape
(19:23):
the hustle and bustle of citylife and immerse yourself in nature.
For nearly 25 years, WildlifeMatters has been dedicated to wildlife
and green spaces in and around London.
When discussing wildlife inthe city, many people often look
puzzled and ask me, is thereany they might mention pigeons, squirrels
(19:49):
and sometimes even foxes.
But there is so much more todiscover, from peregrine falcons
and grass snakes to red deerand tawny owls.
So join me as we explore oneof my favourite spots in London for
wildlife watching.
Sydenham Hill Wood.
(20:10):
Sydenham Hill Wood slopes fromone of London's highest points down
to Selhurst, and it's one ofthe last remnants of the historic
Great North Wood, which oncestretched from the River Thames down
as far south to Croydon.
The word is home to a richvariety of wildlife that includes
(20:30):
rare fungi, insects, birds,mammals and over 200 species of trees
and plants.
And with plenty of fallentrees, branches and logs, there are
opportunities to climb, swingor just sit.
The dense tree covereffectively blocks out the sounds
(20:50):
and the sights of the city,creating a tranquil escape.
And you can explore historicalfeatures here, too, such as the railway
tunnel that once transportedVictorians to the Crystal Palace,
a folly, a memorable bridgeand a breathtaking view of the central
(21:11):
London landmarks.
Walking in Sydenham Hill Woodhas always brought me great pleasure,
especially with its abundanceof wildlife.
This morning, just aftersunrise, I was fortunate enough to
spot a pair of tawny owlsengaged in their intricate communication.
Tawny owls possess a widerange of calls that are far more
(21:35):
sophisticated than theinfamous twit tu most people recognize.
I read a science paper,Appleby and Redpath 97, Gallotti
98, Gallotti and Pavan 2008and Redpath et al.
2000 that explained how, basedon the harshness, length, pitch of
(21:58):
their calls and the relativeproportions of certain syllables,
the owls can discern theidentity of the caller, its sex,
build, weight, health,aggression level and even the quality
of its territory.
I was amazed to discover thatno two tawny owls sound alike and
(22:20):
they all have their own localand regional accents.
Since learning this, I havebecome aware of the two pairs of
tawny owls that live near myhome and can now identify which one
of them is calling.
Now, I'm no Dr. Dolittle, butlike many of you who spend time in
nature, you get to know yourlocal wildlife.
(22:43):
The next bird I encounteredwas a stunning kestrel hovering in
a classic kestrel style.
It's the only hawk capable ofhovering for extended periods while
scanning the ground for its breakfast.
Its white tail, edged withbrown and black feathers, fanned
out beautifully as itmaintained its position.
(23:05):
The kestrel hovered for 20,maybe 30 seconds, allowing me ample
time to admire its sleek bodyand long tapered wings before it
dropped from the sky.
Unfortunately, it returnedwithout breakfast, emitting that
lovely kes kes call that givesit its name.
(23:27):
The fire crest is a tiny yetspectacular looking bird.
It competes with the goldcrest for the title of the Britain's
smallest bird.
It was once just a seasonalvisitor, but it is now found breeding
in woodlands across London andsouth of England.
It's similar in size to a goldcrest, but the fire crest boasts
(23:50):
a rich olive green top coatand a buff white underside.
The males are distinguished bytheir bright orange crown edged with
black, whilst the femalessport a yellow crown.
Its most distinctive featureis the bright white line above its
eye, setting it apart from thegold crest.
(24:12):
First recorded breeding in theUK in Hampshire back in 1962.
Fire crests are now prevalentin coniferous woodlands and plantations
throughout much of southern England.
London is also renowned inWildlife World for being an excellent
place to spot stag beetles.
(24:32):
And Sydenham Hill Wood is oneof the best places where you will
find them.
The wood features aconsiderable amount of fallen trees
that have decayed over theyears, providing the ideal habitat
for stag beetle larvae.
These larvae can spend up tosix years in a decaying branch or
(24:53):
stump before emerging as adultstag beetles, living fast and furiously
for just one summer.
They don't eat during thistime, but will mate as often as possible
before succumbing to the firstfrosts of autumn.
Whilst discussing insects,it's worth noting the abundance of
(25:14):
butterflies here today.
I've already spotted a redadmiral, a peacock and a comma species
that would have sparked muchdiscussion just a few years ago,
but are now increasinglycommon as their populations expand
across Britain.
I've also seen a brown argusfeeding on some cranesbill, and although
(25:36):
these are not rare, I wassurprised to see it in a woodland,
as this butterfly is moretypically associated with the chalk
grassland found about 30 milessouth of here.
A little further along thepath, basking in a small patch of
sunlight that penetratesthrough the woodland canopy, is a
speckled wood butterfly, againnot rare.
(25:59):
It is an attractive sight,though, with its brown wings adorned
with golden orange to yellowspeckles that resemble eyes.
It is then that a foul odourdrew me to a group of fungi that
was sitting by a fallen tree bough.
Upon closer inspection, Iidentified them as the fetid Marasmirus.
(26:25):
The fetidus.
Part of the name aptlydescribes the potent sour smell of
these mushrooms.
Their red to brown appearancereminds me of a jellyfish as they
lie flat on the ground withtheir pleated edges.
It's funny, though.
Once you start looking forfungi, you can begin to spot them
(26:46):
much more often.
In Britain, we have just afraction of the approximately 2,000
thousand species ofCortinarius found worldwide.
That's the largest groupwithin the agarix mushroom family.
While many of thesedistinctive fungi have a veil on
the cap, some are toxic and afew are deadly, making them unsuitable
(27:09):
for foraging.
As I walk deeper into thewoodland, a small ring of large white
mushrooms comes into view in agrassy clearing at the path's edge.
Investigating further, Idiscover a perfect fairy ring of
fungi, each standing around 75mil, or about 3 inches tall.
(27:32):
The gills and stems are whiteand the cap is also white with a
stipe, but lacks a ring.
However, the unpleasant smell,a blend of radishes and honey, indicates
that I might have found awhite knight.
The white knight forms asymbiotic mycorrhizal relationship
(27:52):
with sessile oaks, which areprominent here at Sydenham Hill Wood.
Despite its name, this speciesis not edible and is known for its
bitter and even acrid taste.
I've never been tempted toeven have a nibble.
The sessile oak, which cangrow to 40 to 50 meters, is less
(28:15):
well known than the Englishoak but plays a vital role in woodlands.
Its acorns are directlyattached to outer twigs rather than
held on stalks, allowing it toform dense single species woodlands
if it is left to grow.
And although sessile oaktimber is less highly regarded than
(28:37):
that of English oak, it hasbeen used for centuries mainly to
make barrels and casks for thebrewing industry, enhancing the flavour
of wine and spirits.
In addition to the oakspecies, hornbeam is another main
tree here in Sydenham Wood.
Although common in southernand eastern England, it is often
(29:00):
overshadowed by other woodlandspecies as it is a critical component
of ancient woodlands which areunfortunately rare.
The common hornbeam, alsoknown as the hard beam due to its
demanding and challenging woodwhen working, it features a smooth
grey twisting trunk andtoothed edged leaves.
(29:23):
Its large catkins appear inlate spring while the winged seeds
can be seen dispersing in the autumn.
Although it may be mistakenfor the common beech, the hornbeam's
leaves are deeply veined withspiny edges and those distinctive
bare three lobed seeds.
Hazel, on the other hand,supports a diverse ecosystem, providing
(29:48):
food for moth caterpillarssuch as the large emerald, the small
white wave bardumber and thenut tree tussock.
In managed woodlands wherehazel is coppiced, the resulting
open wildflower rich habitatfosters a thriving population of
butterflies, particularly fritillaries.
(30:11):
Coppiced hazel offers shelterto ground nesting birds like the
nightingale nightjar,yellowhammer and the willow warbler.
Hazel has long been associatedwith the dormouse.
Often called the hazeldormouse, these tiny animals rely
on hazelnuts to help fattenthem up for hibernation, whilst in
(30:33):
spring hazel leaves serve as agood source of caterpillars for their
diet.
Other wildlife, includingwoodpeckers, nuthatches, the tit
species, wood pigeons, jaysand small mammals, all consume hazelnuts.
Hazel flowers provide earlypollen for the bees.
(30:54):
Although the non sticky natureof this pollen makes it challenging
for bees to collect in large quantities.
Over the last couple of yearsI've helped with the dormouse surveys
in the woods.
Where there is a healthypopulation, locating dormice can
be pretty challenging and theyare protected by law, making it illegal
(31:15):
to handle them without a license.
Therefore, it is essential toavoid disturbing these dormice if
you see one, its nest or theDormice survey wooden or black plastic
boxes that you can sometimessee hanging from the trees.
Please leave them undisturbedas disturbing them would not only
(31:37):
be illegal, but it would alsofrighten any dormouse inside.
An easier way to see if youhave mice species in your area is
to do a nut hunt.
For example, wood mice, bankfoals and dormice all gnaw round
holes in hazelnut shells,leaving distinctive marks that can
(31:58):
help identify which specieshave been feeding on the nut.
One method to locate theseanimals is through the nut hunt,
a simple activity perfect for families.
The only equipment needed is amagnifying glass.
The best time for this surveyis during the autumn and early winter
when the trees are bare anddiscarded nutshells are easily visible
(32:22):
on the woodland floor.
Nest tubes are anothereffective method for detecting dormice,
particularly in areas wherenut searches may be less fruitful.
Although these are typicallyused by licensed and trained ecologists,
nest tubes are excellent toolsfor surveying but are not intended
for long term population monitoring.
(32:43):
When surveying for dormice,small numbers of tubes may fail to
detect their presence even ifthey are known to inhabit the area.
Natural nest searches areparticularly valuable in the absence
of other signs.
Dormice nests are about thesize of a grapefruit, are typically
found in brambles and lowgrowing shrubs, generally around
(33:06):
a meter above the ground.
They can inhabit nest tubesand boxes using materials such as
grass leaves and honeysucklebark to construct their homes.
Sydenham Hill Wood is ahotspot for mustelids too, hosting
at least four species,including the iconic badger.
(33:28):
Badger is the largest of theUK mustelids and they measure between
60 and up to 85cm in lengthand are easily recognized by their
stocky, muscular build, grayand white fur, long snouts, and of
course, those distinctivestripes across their eyes.
(33:48):
Badgers are active from duskuntil dawn, frequently foraging in
open fields for worms and grubs.
They create established trailsand sets their underground homes
that are used by multiple generations.
This indicates a thrivingpopulation in the woods, especially
(34:09):
if you are here at dawn and dusk.
In contrast to badgers, theweasel is the smallest mustelid in
Britain, with the adultsmeasuring a maximum of 20cm long.
But weasels are quick andelusive, sporting a chestnut brown
back and sides with an offwhite underside.
(34:32):
Their short straight tails arealso chestnut brown.
They can often be seenunexpectedly emerging from long grass
or beneath hedgerows.
In colder winters their coatscan change to white, a rare adaption
here in southern Britain thatprovides camouflage against snowy
environments, reducingvulnerability to predators such as
(34:55):
hawks and Owls.
The stoat is a close relativeof the weasel, can also be found
here in Sydenham Hill Wood.
It can be distinguished fromthe weasel by the black tip on its
tail, often referred to as apaintbrush tip, and by its larger
size of up to around 30cm andthe longer tail.
(35:19):
Stoats are remarkable hunters.
They're capable of preying onanimals up to 33 times their own
size.
They thrive in diversehabitats including woodlands, moorlands
and hedgerows, particularlyfavouring areas with old dry stone
walls and rocky mounds thatprovide excellent cover for both
(35:41):
themselves and their prey.
The American mink is anothermustelid that can be found at Sydenham
Hill Wood.
Primarily, it inhabits riversacross the uk, having escaped or
been released from fur farmsduring the six 60s and 70s.
These mink are significantlysmaller than the native otter and
(36:03):
feature a dark brown to almostblack coat with small ears and a
distinctive floppy black tail.
Unlike the otter's pointedtail, mink are active both day and
night and can often be spottedexploring canals and small streams.
A mink are controversial amongconservationists and are now classified
(36:26):
as an alien species here inthe uk uk.
Their presence in the woodsindicates their adaptability and
suggests they are wellestablished in the area.
Sydenham Hill Wood is alsohome to several fascinating attractions
that highlight its rich history.
Among these is the Folly, alsoknown as the Ruins, which are remnants
(36:51):
of Fairwood, which was a grandvilla constructed in the early 1860s
for David Henry Stone, aprominent businessman and an attorney.
This area of London rose toprominence in the mid 19th century
after the relocation of theCrystal palace, attracting many distinguished
(37:12):
families.
Today, only the folly standsas a testament to the past here.
Although some claim to haveglimpsed Fairwood hidden beneath
thick holly brambles andbracken deep in the woods.
Another significant structureis the Cox's Walk footbridge, built
around 1865 to allowpedestrian access across the railway
(37:37):
line to Selhurst and to theCrystal Palace.
It was fully restored to itsoriginal design using teak and iron
in 1906, but fell intodisrepair following the railway's
closures in 19.
Bridge is currently part ofthe Green Chain Walk and is undergoing
(37:58):
substantial restoration bySouthwark Council, although on the
day we visited it remainedclosed for that restoration.
Next is the Crescent WoodTunnel, also known as Upper Sydenham
Tunnel.
It's adjacent to the stationof the same name.
This is a 400 yard double boretunnel that was constructed by the
(38:22):
Crystal palace and SouthLondon Junction Railway to link Sydenham
Hill woods to the proposedUpper Sydenham Station.
It played a role in the GreatExhibition when it relocated from
Hyde park in 1851 and wasofficially opened on the 1st of May
that year.
The tunnel was bricked up inthe 1980s and has since become a
(38:46):
vital bat hibernaculum whichis managed by the London Wildlife
Trust.
Wildlife Matters has helped toconduct two bat surveys in Sydenham
Hill woods recordingsignificant numbers of common and
soprano pipistrelle batsalongside similar populations of
Noctule ceratine and theMeiotis or mouse eared bat.
(39:10):
Additional surveys by thelocal bat group have also identified
species such as the Leislerwhiskered Alcato and brown long eared
bat.
Watching the bats emerge fromthe tunnel as they came out to feed,
swirling and circling me as Irecorded the sounds of their wings
(39:31):
and sonar, which of course isout of range of our hearing before
they soared overhead, was adelightful conclusion to our day
at Sydenham Hill Wood.
We hope you have enjoyed ourvisit here and that next time that
you are in South London youyou will make some time to visit
(39:51):
this amazing woodland for yourself.
It is a wonderful place forpeople and for wildlife and that
has been this week's WildlifeMatters main feature.
(40:12):
Nestled just a few miles fromthe vibrant urban landscape of London
lies the tranquil beauty ofSydenham Hill Wood.
This ancient woodland servesas a sanctuary for both wildlife
and people, offering a muchneeded escape from the hustle and
(40:33):
bustle of modern life.
Whether you're looking for aleisurely afternoon stroll or an
adventurous day in out,Sydenham Hill Wood is worth a visit.
It truly is one of the hiddengems of wild London, contributing
to the city's reputation asone of the greenest capitals in the
(40:55):
world.
We have more urban wildlifeadventures lined up, so if you enjoy
our content, please subscribe,follow and like our podcast.
Taking a moment to leave acomment or review wherever you wherever
you listen can greatly helpfellow nature lovers discover us.
(41:15):
Thank you for your support.
In the next episode of theWildlife Matters podcast, we will
celebrate the changing seasonswith a live storytelling special
around the campfire in theheart of the deep dark woods.
So grab a drink and settle inas we share two nature inspired folklore
(41:38):
stories for our Autumn Equinoxstorytelling special.
As always, we appreciate everyone of you.
Thank you for taking the timeto join us today.
Wildlife Matters will returnin two weeks.
Until then, stay curious wild ones.
This is Wildlife Matterssigning off.
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