PM Show HR 2 - Guest James Bradley Joins the Show

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Episode Transcript

Speaker 1 (00:04):
It's that time, time, time, time, luck and load.

Speaker 2 (00:11):
The Michael Verie Show is on the air.

Speaker 1 (00:14):
Trump can't handle strong successful women. You can't handle women,
particularly strong women. Donald Trump, you never see him around
strong intelligent women. I'm woman.

Speaker 2 (00:26):
Hear me wrong? At fifty four years old. We will
undertake I am a job. The son of the Vietnam
War generation. It is probably the most profound, impactful historical

(00:46):
event in American history that gets the least amount of
attention relative to the impact it made on this country now.
It is more recent, of course, than say the Revolution
or the Civil War, World War One, or World War Two,
but the profound cultural change it precipitated cannot be measured

(01:16):
yet and will not be measured for decades to come.
Families torn apart, women left without their husbands, children left
without a father. In some cases, children made, father goes
to Vietnam, father does not come home except in a coffin,
and the child never knew their dad, a very, very

(01:38):
troubling scenario. Those who came home from World War Two
were heroes. Those who came home from Vietnam were spat upon.
There's been some argument over the last few years whether
they were spat upon or not, I've had enough tell
me they were that. I believe it, But either way
it was troubling. Why were we there, Why weren't we

(01:59):
winning when we left? Why did it take so long?
And how did the other side win, if in fact
they did, what were really the goals? These things bother me.
I wrestle with them, and I wrestle with them because,
as you know, I had a club called the RCC,
and I would get up every night that we had

(02:20):
a big concert, and I would say from the stage, Hey,
we're gonna do three things. You know, kiss your bride,
this is date night, or number two, make a friend
of number three. I want all my veterans come down.
And I would call out the veterans of every conflict,
including at that point when we started twenty thirteen, there
were still World War Two veterans Korea. I would skip
Vietnam and I would go to all of the conflicts since,

(02:41):
and then I would do Vietnam last, and I would
see grown men in their seventies, tears streaming down their faces,
and their children my age would come up to me afterwards.
They have never seen my dad cry. You hit him,
you punched him. In the gut. This was a moment
that he emoted publicly, and he's never done that. So
with that in mind, we do a fair number of

(03:03):
I don't like the word interview, I like the word
discussion on the subject of Vietnam, and today is further
to that point. The author of Flags of Our Fathers
has released a new book about the Vietnam War. It
is called Precious Freedom, a novel, and James Bradley, the author,
is our guest. Welcome to the program, James, Thank.

Speaker 1 (03:24):
You, Michael. It's good to be with the czar.

Speaker 2 (03:27):
Let's start with why I write this book. What's the purpose?
What do you hope to accomplish?

Speaker 1 (03:36):
I tried to figure out what happened. I was thirteen
years old when my brother went off to the Marine
Corps nineteen sixty seven. So I watched everything on TV
that Walter Cronkite had to tell me, and I wrote
a book, Flags of Our Fathers, about how my father
won with the Marine Corps in World War Two and

(03:57):
then we lost in Vietnam. So my brother's with the Marines,
my father's with the Marines. In one family and one generation,
totally different outcome. So I wrote four books on the
Pacific War, Why we got there, Teddy Roosevelt, Franklin Roosevelt,
George Bush, my Houstonian buddy, getting shot down. And then

(04:23):
I thought, what about this Vietnam? So I went to Vietnam.
You know, I had four books under my belt, and
I thought, I'll just spend three years here and have
a book done. And it took me about eleven years
to figure out what happened. So the first reason it
took me so long is because I had to disentangle

(04:46):
from all the propaganda that we're still enmeshed with, even
the wording, even the wording. If you want me to continue,
or you want to, I mean, I can give you
some example.

Speaker 2 (04:59):
James, I should have warned you when I am really
interested in an interview. My New Year's resolution this year
was to stop interrupting people. So I literally turned my
mic off and become a member of the audience. If
I need to interrupt you, I will, but by all
means speak on. I am listening, not waiting to ask
a question, but learning from you.

Speaker 1 (05:19):
So you go ahead, Well, I'll give you some examples
of why I was dumbfounded. You know, this is after
reading like two hundred books on the Vietnam War. Interviewing
Vietnam vets, I was immersed in the American narrative. And
I go to Vietnam and I go in a veterans,
a Vietnamese veterans house, and he says, mister Bradley, look

(05:42):
at your feet, and my feet were in my socks
on his floor. And I said, what about him? And
he said, this was a marine base. Your brother thought
this was American territory. He said, there was no north
in South Vietnam. He said, the New York Times drew
a line across the country called it the DMZ. We

(06:03):
never thought there was a north and south. He said.
I didn't think I needed a visa to visit my
uncle in another country. I mean, Michael, I had to
go back to my hotel room, like, oh my god.
This is like Canada invades Texas and draws the line
down the middle and says, now, look at Michael, there's

(06:25):
an East Texas in a West Texas. In East Texas
loves Canada and West Texas were the bad guys. And
there's two countries here. Michael, you wouldn't, I mean, what
are you talking about. You're from Canada. So we went
and we imposed. There was no DMZ, there was no
International boarder because Vietnamese never thought is the North invaded

(06:49):
the South. That was all made up gobblygook from the CIA,
Walter Cronkite, Ken Burns and every documentary you've ever seen.
So the Vietnam. You know, if if you look at
a diagram of Vietnam, they say, we say, oh, we
sent your father to South Vietnam to fight North Vietnam
to make South Vietnam free. And the Vietnamese were like,

(07:13):
there's one Vietnam. Hanoi is the same as Saigon. There's
some traders that are bribed, you know, the guys who
ran South Vietnam, the Vietnamese. These were the guys who
fought for the French against so Chi Minh. So it's like,
you know, Britain loses in the Revolutionary War, and then

(07:34):
Britain stays in like Virginia, let's say, and France comes
in and gives them money and they keep telling the British,
you know, there's a there's a British America here. We
didn't really lose, and all the traders to the American
cause are getting pumped up with money. There was no
South in North Vietnam. That's one thing. Another thing. So

(07:58):
he took me about six months of dreaming key for
them to part the veil. I got to talk to
people VC viet Cong whod you know, never talked to foreigners.
It took so long to get into this. Mister Bradley,
you want to meet this famous sniper? And I said, yeah, sure,
So I'm thinking James.

Speaker 2 (08:18):
Bradley, hold right there. I'm up against the break hold tie.
The book is called Precious Freedom, a novel. We'll continue
with our guest, James Bradley. You've got the Michael Berry Show.
James Bradley is our guest. He's the author of Flags
of Our Fathers. He has a new book about the
Vietnam War. It's called Precious Freedom, a novel. I had

(08:38):
to interrupt you in the middle. You were talking about
visiting the home of a Vietnamese Vietnam War veteran. Pick
up where you left off if you would please her.

Speaker 1 (08:49):
Yeah, so you want to meet it a famous sniper. Yeah,
of course, so sniper. You know, I'm thinking of a
lanky guy, you know, stumble and I walk in and
it's a sixty five year old former principal, a female,
and she's sitting there. This is the famous sniper, and

(09:09):
this is what she's the main character in the book.
Her name is May. May said mister Bradley. When I
was fifteen years old, a marine walked into my front yard,
shot my father in the head and killed them. And
I said to myself, I'm going to kill every American
I ever see. So I'm an American in her living

(09:31):
room and I said, well, how did you do? She said,
I killed five Americans. It's easy if you have patients.
So she was fifteen, you know. We asked like, how
do people get radicalized? Why do they hate us? Well,
I'm from Wisconsin. If a Canadian walked into my front
yard shot my dad in the head, I can recognize

(09:54):
that Canadian uniform. I know exactly what those Canadian helmets
look like. I'm fIF I'm going to run to the
forest get trained like she did. And she sat up
in a tree and she snipered to death five Marines.
She probably killed twenty to thirty, but she got medals
for five that were witnessed. Now, the number one Marine sniper,

(10:20):
there's a book about him, Carlos halfcocked he's very, very famous. Carlos,
he snipered ninety two to death. I've got a picture
I'm looking at right now of a beautiful Vietnamese girls.
She's twenty two years old. She killed one hundred and
seventy four Americans. It was their country. They were not

(10:43):
in uniforms. They could be up in trees. I mean,
think of it. When you're fifteen and a foreign army
comes into town. Well, the foreign army's in a bunch,
they're in a group, they're making noise. They come in
armored carriers, and you're fifteen sitting there barefoot, and you
know all the alleyways. I could run like four or

(11:05):
five blocks across my hometown when I was fifteen at night,
and I knew where every fence was and where every
open window was, and you know a basement that was
open in somebody's house. And they just energized all these kids.
And what the book is about. My brother goes to

(11:27):
this base called dong Ha. It's a marine base, well
the Marines, and this is not publicized. It's hard to
find this. They leave in nineteen sixty nine, not nineteen
seventy five. With the helicopters. The Marines are pushed out. Well,
they weren't pushed out by the North Vietnamese army. They
were pushed out by kids, by civilians with old French rifles.

(11:52):
They were being tricked and snipered. So another story. I'm
thirteen watching Walter Cronkite CBS News and they show me
Route nine. Well, what's Route nine. It cuts across the
neck of Vietnam, right below the DMZ, so it goes
from the South China Seed to Laos and it's the

(12:15):
main thoroughfare and Route nine. I saw it. I remember,
I'm thirteen and there's the news. Here's Route nine, and
the Marines are in complete control. I saw tanks and
armored cars and well I went out with the with
the tiger of Route nine. Mister Soone, who's in the book?
And I said, mister Soone, I remember seeing this on

(12:36):
TV with marines all over and he said, yeah, you
didn't see me in the pictures in the film. I said,
what do you mean? He said, we never fought during
the day, he said, mister Bradley, all those newsreels you
saw of Vietnam, he said, those are all shot during
the day. We didn't fight during the day. We were
sleeping during the day, talking to our girlfriends, doing medical care,

(13:00):
you know, judicial work, getting food in in these underground
cities that we had. And he said, we came out
at night. He said, it's easy to be successful at night.
He said, your brother probably never swept hardly slept the
wink at night because we were, you know, attacking. So Michael,

(13:20):
every day at four pm, the Marines retreated from Route
nine and I'm like, oh my god, we never controlled Vietnam.
We said we controlled Vietnam, like this area, that area,
it's under control. We never controlled it for a full
twenty four hour period. The Marines had to retreat every

(13:43):
single day at four pm and foxholes or you know,
put out the concertina wire and the mines and all
this and prepare for the night. And that's when the
Vietnamese came out. I saw, I saw guys, specially forces Vietnamese.
They were trained to spider walk through these minefields, you know,

(14:07):
like acrobats. They built replicas of this, and they knew
how to like spider walk, clip all the wires and
then boom. Their buddies would come and the Marines would
be hunkered down. The guys on the perimeter might get shot.
The guys inside, you know, jangled nerves. And then when

(14:28):
they came out in the morning, they had to mind
sweep the area. Again. The Marines couldn't just get up
and run out of their of their sleeping quarters. They
had to have mine sweepers. So you know, I'm like, what,
you didn't fight during the day, he said, No, Ho
Chi Minh said, the Americans had surveillance during the day.

(14:50):
Why would we go out during the day and you
guys had an air force. We didn't have an air force,
he said. We were sleeping during the day, and it's
hot as hell during the day, so we let the
Marines go out and sweat and not find us, and
then we came out at night when it's easy to
be successful. So I'll tell you, mister son takes me

(15:13):
to a battle site. Now, if you listen to Americans,
we think in terms of battles. Rat cat, that cat.
You know, thirty guys there and thirty guys here, and
we're fighting like a football game. You know, thirty here,
thirty there, Boom boom boom. And he said, I'll take
you out to this battle. So we go out. Well,

(15:34):
the Americans landed with a helicopter on a river bank,
and then they had to walk along a trail on
the river and go through a village. And then the
intelligence was was that there was VC up in the
hills after the village. So they walked through the village
and the village has the usual toothless gramma on grandpa's

(15:56):
and little kids. Well that was the intelligence net for
the vietnamemes. Those grandmas were measured, were memorizing every single
This guy had a handgun, and that guy was pointing
his rifle best way, and the radio man was in
the fourth position, and they were memorizing everything. So the
marines go up into the hills. Well, the VC they

(16:18):
were looking for was hiding behind the village. And then
they came out and interviewed all the grandmas and grandpa's
and they got they got one fat. When the marines
walked through the village, they walked with their rifles pointed down.
James B.

Speaker 2 (16:35):
James Bradley is our guest. The book is called Precious Freedom,
a novel. He's the author of Flags of Our Fathers
More on Very Troubled Vietnam Are James Bradley is our
guest The book is called Precious Freedom, a novel. He
is the author of Flags of Our Fathers. James, let
me ask you a question. I am a believer in

(16:57):
picking at scabs, and and whether that is the deaths
caused by the COVID virus, for instance, or the lies
about weapons of mass destruction. And one of the things
I find is that one has to tread lightly. Let's
take Vietnam for instance. We love and respect and honor

(17:21):
the people like your brother who went off to war.
Many of them didn't sign up to go serve. Many
of them were drafted. The most recent the last time
that happened in America. So you really have some folks
that are walking the streets on Monday, and on Tuesday
their ping pong ball comes up and they're sent off

(17:42):
to war. They were not ready for this and certainly
didn't want to go, but they didn't flee. They didn't,
you know, take deferments and do all that. How do
you navigate such an honest conversation where you're doing what
I think the scientific method and good journalism, good investigation requires,
and that is asking tough questions. Because, as I would say,

(18:02):
of a number of our conflicts, It's not the problem
of our boys. It's the problem of our generals and
our government putting people in a bad situation. How do
you navigate that without I don't think you intend to
dishonor Vietnam American Vietnam veterans, So how do you navigate that?

Speaker 1 (18:20):
I am trying to help the Vietnam veterans out. I'm
this is this is here's a sad fact. I'm the
only American author that ever went to Vietnam and asked
the people who won the war, how did you win?
I mean I caddied for Vince Lombardi of the Green
Bay Packers, Bart Starloud three doors down up at bass Lake,

(18:44):
and it was win or lose. And when you lost,
you studied. We looked at the films. How did we lose? Well?
The United States got kicked out of Vietnam, and we
never admitted why and had nothing to do with these
vets that were had nothing to do with my brother
or your father. It had to do with our leadership.

(19:07):
And this is not me analyzing this. Commandant David Shupe
US Marine Commandant David Shue Medal of Honor winner TARROWA
tarrowa World War two Medal of Honor. He was giving
speeches all over the United States in the nineteen sixties saying,
Hoaching Min has a plan to beat us. They're fighting

(19:30):
that night. We can never beat the Vietnamese because they'll
spend twenty years in this war. They have nowhere to go.
And that David Shoope you'll see in the book, is
tirelessly saying LBJ and all these guys know that we
can't win. He said, this is not James Bradley, this

(19:51):
is Commandant Medal of Honor, David Shupe saying this war
Vietnam is not worth the life of one American man.
We should get out of there immediately. They're line to you.
The leadership, the leadership of America, including the press, screwed

(20:12):
the American veterans. And that's the purpose of this book.
I went and said, how did you win? And I
was shocked that David Shupe and other guys were technically, strategically,
tactically giving speeches about how we knew we couldn't win.

(20:33):
But there were some top guys, you know. I mean,
let's talk about Brown and Root and Haliburton and Bell
Helicopter and Lyndon Johnson getting rich, you know, Johnson said
to the Joint Chiefs the Staff after they offed JFK
at nineteen sixty three Christmas party in the White House.

(20:55):
Johnson said to the Joint Chiefs of Staff, you give
me my election, and I'll give you your war. They wanted
war because it was just going to last a few months,
and it was going to test out some fancy weapons.
And they had no idea that they were going to
toss in the blood of you know, the guys I

(21:16):
went to high school with. And I'm pissed about it,
and somebody should be held to account. And it's not
the veterans. They were put in an impossible situation and
this is not again. You know, you can say James Bradley,
never served, doesn't know what he's talking about. Maybe I don't,

(21:37):
but Commandant David shupe knew what he was talking about,
and he said, this is a loser before we go in.

Speaker 2 (21:48):
Yeah, and then I guess our next question is I'm
going to ask the question. It's going to seem like
a stupid question, but I assure you I've spent a
lot of time pondering this, studying this in your heart
of hearts. Why do you think we were really there.

Speaker 1 (22:08):
We were there because to the Vietnam War. You know,
if you look at ken Burns and Walter Cronkite and
all these propaganda things. Kennedy was juggling some hot balls
and then it exploded in Johnson and all of a sudden,
you know, Tonking, No, no, no, no, no. Harry Truman

(22:32):
started the Vietnam War. We sent the equipment that was
out in the Pacific to Vietnam, and in August of
nineteen forty five, before even Japan surrendered all that equipment
out there, Charles de Gaulle said, we have to reassert
France in Vietnam. And Harry Truman, you know, where's Vietnam.

(22:56):
I don't know anything about Asia. I'm Harry Truman. And
de Gaulle said, there's communists out there and you gotta
get him. So we supported France. Well, who was the
head of the Congressional Committee, the Naval Affairs Committee, that
moved that equipment in nineteen forty five out to Vietnam.

(23:16):
It was a guy called Lyndon Johnson. Lyndon Johnson's Vietnam
War began in August of nineteen forty five, not nineteen
sixty four, we were supplying ninety percent of the French
costs of the Vietnam War. People say, oh, Vietnamization. Let's
see Vietnamization. That's Richard Nixon nineteen seventy No, no, no, no, no.

(23:41):
I'm looking at a photo of Richard Nixon in nineteen
fifty three in Vietnam when the French were losing and
they said we have this plan called Vietnamization, and Nixon
and Eisenhawer said great, We'll give you all the money
you need. And then the French blew it at Den
Ben in nineteen fifty four. We fought the Vietnam War

(24:05):
for thirty years, nineteen forty five to nineteen seventy five.

Speaker 2 (24:10):
Isn't din Bin Wu where the French were absolutely routed.

Speaker 1 (24:15):
Yeah, but that was all I interviewed guys. You'll see
in the book the Vietnamese winners are jumping over crates
at Denvinpuke, and it says in the USA all that
was when we were told the French were doing that, right, right, right?

Speaker 2 (24:31):
No, No, I think that is consistent. I think that
tracks whatever they said because there was an interest for
the United States in keeping a colonial power in Southeast
Asia at that time, and the French were trying to
manage the last remnants of their empire. They were also

(24:53):
having they also had a lot of trouble in Africa
at the same time. In our involvement to a limited extent,
not in a little less than Lynn Lease in World
War Two, but there's no doubt that there was involvement.
James Bradley is our guest. His book is called Precious
Freedom a Novel. He's the author of Flags of Our Fathers.

(25:15):
And we will continue our conversation with him for one
more segment coming back Joey.

Speaker 1 (25:20):
Kung on Michael Bay Good Show on Bolklum.

Speaker 2 (25:27):
James Bradley's our guest. He's the author of Flags of
Our Fathers. He's written a new book about the Vietnam
War called Precious Freedom, a Novel. James, I want to
get into a couple of things that are not as
much in the book, But about the book, I've talked
a little bit about the Vietnam veterans. I have a
number of Vietnam veterans in our listening audience. Have you

(25:50):
have you tested this with the Vietnam I'm just curious
how what the response of Vietnam veterans has been It's
clear to me your intentions are pure, but I'm just
curious what it's been.

Speaker 1 (26:02):
They finally know the truth. It's sad to say I'm
the only American author that went to Vietnam and said,
how did you win? The American narrative If you read
two hundred books on Vietnam, it's boy. I went there
and we did all the stuff, and boy, it was
really but they don't get to the bottom line, you know,

(26:24):
but we lost. It didn't work out. So we were
doing all these technically amazing things. The vets performed well,
the soldiers and marines performed like they were trained. But
if you put them in a situation where they cannot win,
and you know that in advance, these guys, we should

(26:47):
burn down the LBJ library. McNamara should be dug up.
If you read this book, and our Vietnam veterans should
be honored. The Vietnam vets who I've looked at this
book love it because they finally know. Oliver Stone says
about this book and on the back cover, he says,

(27:08):
if we knew back in the sixties what James Bradley
has revealed American mothers would have never sent their sons
to Iraq and Afghanistan. This twenty years is screwing around
thirty years in Vietnam, twenty years in Afghanistan. These are deaths,
these are limbs that are lost. And it's not the

(27:31):
fault of the fighting men and women. It is the
fault of our leadership. And that includes the media. And
you'll see it in the book. How is it possible
that a Medal of Honor winner is giving speeches in America?
He said, the Joint Chiefs we looked at Vietnam and
we said there's absolutely no way we can win. So

(27:52):
what Johnson did is cleaned out that Joint Chiefs of
Staff and got a bunch of guys who would agree
to go in Vietnam. He had to pump up, you know,
those suitcases of cash. And there's many other reasons.

Speaker 2 (28:06):
The book is precious freedom and novel by the author
of Flags of Our Fathers. James Bradley. You made a
reference in our first segment today and I want to explore.

Speaker 1 (28:16):
You.

Speaker 2 (28:17):
You bundled the Cia kN Burns and Walter Kronkite. I
have a very very healthy skepticism of a lot of
people who are supposed to historians or newsmen. And I
think that the CIA has caused us many problems abroad
and lied to the American people in order to still
be able to get young men to go and fight
their wars. What was your meaning behind ken Burns and

(28:41):
Walter Kronkite? And the suggestion was that not only were
they not perhaps being honest about what was happening in Vietnam,
but that they were reading from a CIA script. I
don't want to put words in your mouth. That's the
sense I got.

Speaker 1 (28:55):
Well, CIA script. It's like, if you want to be
in the game, you got to play with these guys.
I mean the ken Burns thing. I was living in
Vietnam when that documentary came out, and it was like
hot peals of lofts. The American vets watching it with
me in Vietnam. Most of the so called Vietnamese telling

(29:18):
the truth and the ken Burns documentary are CIA connected.
There's a woman whose husband was you know, working you know, Bob.
I mean it would take twenty minutes to do the
names and the connections. But ken Burns flew in and
out of Vietnam. You know who was in the editing
room with Ken Burns, the John McCain's ghostwriter, Mark Salter. Yeah, Ken,

(29:46):
you can say this. Yeah, Senator McCain approves this and that.
You know, how are you going to get on PBS
public broadcasting systems supported by the United States government and
tell the truth about Vietnam? If they told the truth
about Vietnam on PBS, they'd burned down the LBJ library.
This is three to five million Vietnamese dead, fifty eight

(30:09):
thousand Americans on the wall. There's three hundred thousand wounded
Americans wheelchairs, crutches, and the military knew. The top ranks
of the military had all agreed, well, we can't win
this puppy, but we'll just throw the American boys into
the Charnel house here and see what happens.

Speaker 2 (30:35):
It is very troubling to me to think how many
people of my father's generation and now over the last
particularly the last twenty five years. You know, I go
back to as late as as the botched Afghanistan would
draw and I think of how many men with the

(30:56):
best of intentions from small towns all across Texas, the
South and the country who when we were attacked on
nine to eleven or when they see the news of
America being attacked, their inner sheep dog comes out, and
they are willing to give no greater love hath any
man than it laid down his life for a friend.

(31:17):
They're willing to give the one thing that they have,
which is their life, for their country. And I think
we should honor that by never taking them up on
it unless it is absolutely necessary. And I see these
conflicts that are started on false premises, and by the way,
I think you can make mistakes. I think we learned
a lot of things in Vietnam that maybe were different

(31:41):
than we expected. But I think you owe a duty
to these young men and their commitment and their sacrifice
to say, all right, let's pull back. When Nixon begins
bombing in Cambodia, because it's a parallel pathway without congressional authority,
that is an overstep on a level that I don't

(32:01):
see any way you come back from. You are the
complete imperial presidency at that point, and if Congress does
not rain that in, I don't care Domino theory or not,
Kissinger or whatever or not. That to me is a
very very bad moment.

Speaker 1 (32:19):
There. My dad fought on the Rejima there were colonels
in front of him. There were colonels getting shot, getting
blown up, you know, leading. Come on, boys, they were
right out in front Vietnam. The colonels were in air
conditioned helicopters. You know, you boys, go out there. The
colonels weren't leading. The military changed, Michael, after World War Two.

(32:44):
It's a different military now. There was like one. I mean,
look at the general failures we have. Now, there was like,
you know, like twelve generals running the world War War
two something like that. Five starts, you know, I mean,
I'm getting off on the statistics. But now there's all

(33:07):
sorts of generals and admirals all over I have been
to the bases all over the world. We've got you know,
a thousand bases with burger kings and schools and you know,
paved roads and you know, people taking care of apartment buildings.
We have an empire. When my dad fought, it was
the War Department, and we knew how to do it.

(33:29):
And there were generals getting killed and colonel's getting killed
leading from the firm Vietnam. No, they pushed those boys
out there and said you do it.

Speaker 2 (33:40):
That's exactly right. And that was James Bradley, I'm up
against the clock. I appreciate your time, Okay. He's the
author of Flags of Our Fathers. His newest book is
Precious Freedom, a novel about the Vietnam One Thank you
and goodnight.