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Section number eighteen of one thousand one Questions and Answers
on English Grammar. This is a LibriVox recording. All LibriVox
recordings are in the public domain. For more information or
to volunteer, please visit LibriVox dot org. Recording by Theoden
Humphrey one thousand and one Questions and Answers on English
(00:23):
Grammar by Benjamin Hathaway. Adjectives One give the rule for adjectives.
Adjectives limit or qualify nouns or pronouns. Section two. The
adjective in the predicate may limit what besides a noun
or pronoun, Sometimes a phrase or sentence used as the subject,
(00:49):
as to err is human, that they should not consent
is not strange. Three. What is the position of an adjective?
It is usually placed immediately before the noun it qualifies,
as it is impious in a good man to be sad. Four.
(01:13):
Name exceptions to this rule. When in the predicate, the
adjective may follow the noun, as pitt was eloquent. Two,
When the adjective shows the result of the verb's action,
it follows the noun, as virtue renders life happy. Three
When other words depend on it, the adjective follows as
(01:36):
a man generous to his enemies. Four. When several adjectives
qualify the same noun, they may follow it as a
woman modest, sensible, and virtuous. Five. When the adjective is
preceded by an adverb, it may follow the noun as
(01:56):
a girl affectively modest. Six. When the adjective is emphatic,
it follows as goodness, infinite, wisdom, unsearchable. Five. Give examples
of the adjective qualifying a noun and other adjectives taken together.
(02:18):
A rich old miser, a pretty little girl, a poor
old man, a fine black horse. Oh for a lodge
in some vast wilderness. One little sin brings in its
train many great sins. Six Does an adjective ever qualify
(02:43):
another adjective? Some grammarians claim it does, as in the
following A bright blue silk, a pale red flower, a
light green color. Seven. Name some compound adjectives sugarcoated, panic, stricken,
(03:07):
broad brimmed, fleet footed, loud sounding, three legged, heart, rending, pain, relieving, soul, cheering, sweet, scented,
hoary headed, one, bladed, well, spent, bed ridden, threadbare, air tight,
(03:28):
blood stained, love, sick, sweet, faced. Eight. Give some phrases
that are used as adjectives. An every day occurrence, out
of doors work, a well to do merchant, a never
(03:49):
to be forgotten story, a good for nothing man, an
out of the way place, a long to be remember pleasure. Nine.
When different classes of adjectives qualify the same noun, which
should be placed first, the numeral and pronominal adjectives precede
(04:13):
all others, as that old obelisk, the ten Great Commandments,
the seven Wise Men. Ten. When the numerals one, two, three,
et cetera are used with first and last, which should
come first? Best authorities use the ordinal first, the first, two,
(04:39):
the last forty Eleven. When more than one descriptive adjective
qualify a noun, which should be placed next to it,
the adjective that most distinguishes the noun should be placed
nearest to it. As a poor old woman, not old
(05:00):
poor woman, that beautiful young lady, not young beautiful lady.
A handsome gold cane not gold handsome cane. Twelve. What
error is frequently made in the use of adjectives their
wrong position relative to the noun. As a new pair
(05:23):
of boots for a pair of new boots, a green
load of wood for a load of green wood, an
empty barrel of flour for an empty flower barrel, a
black lady's glove for a lady's black glove, et cetera. Thirteen.
(05:47):
When adjectives are used with nouns that denote number, what
case should be used? They must correspond with the number
of the noun, as this molasses these books. Fourteen In
the expression one hundred dollars, why is one used when
(06:07):
the noun is plural one limits one hundred, not dollars.
Fifteen In the expression that jury, why not use those
with the collective noun jury is singular in meaning in
this case sixteen. When the adjective is necessarily plural, how
(06:32):
should the noun be, it should be made plural. Two
As he came thirty years ago, not thirty years The
sheep sheared five pounds of wool, not five pounds. He
earned three shillings a day, not three shillings. The tree
(06:54):
is four feet through not four foot seventeen name exceptions
to this, The words dozen, hundred, thousand, stone, weight, score,
and brace retain the singular form when united with plural adjectives,
(07:14):
as five dozen, six hundred, et cetera. Eighteen When the
pronominals this and that are both used in referring to
something previously mentioned in a sentence, to which does each refer.
This refers to the person or thing last mentioned, and
(07:36):
that to the first. As religion praises men above themselves,
while ir religion sinks them beneath the brutes. This binds
them down to a poor, pitiable speck of perishable earth,
But that opens for them a prospect to the skies.
(07:57):
Nineteen When should each other and one another be used?
Each other should be applied to two objects only, as
David and Jonathan loved each other dearly. One another should
always be applied when more than two objects are meant.
As pupils should be polite to one another. That is,
(08:20):
one pupil should be appliede to another pupil. Twenty When
should an adjective of the comparative degree be used when
two objects are compared and two or more than two objects,
when the conjunction than is used to express the comparison.
As Cain was the older of the two, the sun
(08:44):
is brighter than the moon, stars or comets. Newton was
greater than Leibniz twenty one when is an adjective of
the superlative degree used when more than two objects are compared,
as Numa was the wisest of the Roman kings twenty two.
(09:08):
What other way is there of knowing when to use
the superlative and when the comparative degree. The latter term
must include the former term. When the superlative degree is used,
as man is the noblest of animals, the latter term
must exclude the former When the comparative degree is used,
(09:28):
as Jupiter is larger than all other planets twenty three
What of the use of adverbs for adjectives? Errors frequently
occur in the use of adverbs for adjectives. As he
returned safely safe. She looks beautifully beautiful. He sat silently silent.
(09:58):
I began to feel coldly cold. The rose smells sweetly sweet.
She looks badly bad. Twenty four Give sentences showing the
wrong use of adjectives for adverbs. The wind blows wild wildly.
(10:23):
I never can think so very mean, meanly of him.
He reads good well, look sharp sharply. They walk rapid rapidly.
How can we tell whether an adjective or an adverb
(10:43):
should be used? Perhaps the best way to determine whether
an adjective or adverb is required is to first consider
whether manner or quality is to be expressed by the word.
If the former an adverb, If the latter, an adjective
should be used, or when required with the verb in
(11:03):
the predicate, some form of the verb to be can
be substituted for the verb employed. As the crops look beautiful,
the crops are beautiful Twenty six. What is correct regarding
the use of double comparatives and superlatives. They should never
(11:24):
be used as a wiser man never lived, not a
more wiser man, et cetera. The nightingale is the sweetest
singer in the grove, not the most sweetest singer, et cetera.
Twenty seven. Explain use of the pronominal adjectives each, every, either, neither,
(11:49):
and one. They limit nouns in the third person singular,
and when they are the leading words in their clauses,
they require pronouns and verbs to agree with them. As
every tree is known by its fruit, let each of
you perform his duty twenty eight. For what other word
(12:15):
is either sometimes used either is now often used for
each as on either side of the entrance gate is
a statue Twenty nine explain the difference in use of
either and neither and any and none. Either and neither
(12:37):
relate to two objects only when more are referred to.
Any and none are used as either of the two,
neither of the two, any of the three, none of
the four, et cetera. Thirty Do any and none always
require singular verbs like each every either and one, Yes,
(13:02):
as any of the society knows who the present secretary is,
but none knows who the next will be. Thirty one.
What is correct regarding the use of two negatives? The
use of two negatives should be avoided, as they are
equal to an affirmative, as we didn't find nobody at
(13:25):
home is the same as to say we did find
somebody at home. Thirty two. What valgarisms are frequently indulged
in this here and that there and the pronoun them
for the adjective. Those are grating errors, as this here, boy,
(13:49):
that their example them, rules, et cetera. Here and there
should be omitted, and them should be those thirty three.
When should such be used? Whenever we refer to the noun,
such should be used. But when degree is signified we
(14:10):
use the adverb, so as such apples are so nice
thirty four. For what is such often improperly used for
the adverb so as in he is such an unreasonable person,
For he is so unreasonable a person. Thirty five. What
(14:37):
descriptive adjectives do not admit of comparison those that have
in themselves a superlative signification, as this stone is round,
not this stone is rounder than that note. Some of these, however,
are by good usage compared as this is the more
(14:59):
perfect exercise thirty six. Correct the following twenty sentences. One
we travel fifty mile a day miles. Two Those sort
of pens are first rate sorts good. Three These molasses
(15:24):
are nice. This is four. College students often haze each
other one another. Five two negatives destroy one another each other. Six.
Neither you nor nobody else never saw a white blackbird
(15:48):
anybody ever. Seven Israel loved Joseph more than all his children,
than all his other children. Eight. The two first classes
have recited first two. Nine she sings very sweet sweetly.
(16:14):
Ten she brought home two pair of shoes pairs eleven
of all other vices, lying is the worst expunge other twelve,
Which of them there boys, is the best in school
(16:35):
those boys. Thirteen. Idleness and vice go hand in hand.
That is the parent, This is the child. This that
fourteen He bought a sorrel handsome horse, and a jersey,
little cow. Handsome sorrel, little jersey. Fifteen. Eve was the
(17:02):
fairest of all her daughters, fairer than all sixteen. Neither
of my brothers have returned has seventeen. It is more
easier to tear down than to build up easier eighteen.
(17:24):
My mother gave me a birthday handsome present, handsome birthday present. Nineteen.
Let everybody attend to their own business. His twenty go
and tell them children to be still those thirty seven?
(17:48):
What is the program for parsing adjectives? One name the
part of speech. Two name its class and sub classes.
Three give its degree if it is compared, four give
its construction. Five name or recite the rule thirty eight
Parse a common adjective. The world runs after great men
(18:14):
and neglects good ones. Great is an adjective descriptive common
positive degree and qualifies men. Rule thirty nine parse a
predicate adjective. Liberty is sweet. Sweet is an adjective descriptive
(18:35):
common positive degree. In the predicate and qualifies liberty. Forty
parse a proper adjective. The Australian gold fields are very extensive.
Australian is an adjective descriptive proper, not compared and qualifies fields.
(19:00):
Parse a participial adjective. A variety of pleasing objects charms
the eye. Pleasing is an adjective descriptive participle, not compared
and qualifies objects. Forty two Parse a distributive adjective. Either
(19:21):
road leads to the city. Either is an adjective, definitive,
pronominal distributive, not compared and limits road. Forty three Parse
a demonstrative adjective. Where did I buy those scissors? Those?
Is an adjective definitive, pronominal, demonstrative plural, not compared and
(19:46):
limits scissors. Parse an indefinite adjective. All must die none
can escape None is an adjective definitive pronominal indefinite, used
as a noun common third plural common nominative subject of
(20:08):
can escape. Parse a reciprocal adjective. We should help one another,
We should help one person another person, or we one
person should help another person. One is an adjective definitive
(20:29):
pronominal indefinite singular, not compared, and limits person understood another
is parsed in the same way. Person understood after another
is the object of the transitive verb help. Forty six
Parse a cardinal adjective. The Atlantic Ocean is three thousand
(20:53):
miles wide. Three thousand is an adjective, definitive numeral cardinal,
not compared and limits miles. Forty seven Parse an ordinal adjective,
repeat the first four lines in concert first is an
adjective definitive numeral ordinal and limits four lines. Forty eight
(21:21):
Parse a multiplicative adjective. Lets double blessings light on him
that first invented sleep double is an adjective definitive numeral
multiplicative and limits blessings end of adjectives.
Section number eighteen of one thousand one Questions and Answers
on English Grammar. This is a LibriVox recording. All LibriVox
recordings are in the public domain. For more information or
to volunteer, please visit LibriVox dot org. Recording by Theoden
Humphrey one thousand and one Questions and Answers on English
(00:23):
Grammar by Benjamin Hathaway. Adjectives One give the rule for adjectives.
Adjectives limit or qualify nouns or pronouns. Section two. The
adjective in the predicate may limit what besides a noun
or pronoun, Sometimes a phrase or sentence used as the subject,
(00:49):
as to err is human, that they should not consent
is not strange. Three. What is the position of an adjective?
It is usually placed immediately before the noun it qualifies,
as it is impious in a good man to be sad. Four.
(01:13):
Name exceptions to this rule. When in the predicate, the
adjective may follow the noun, as pitt was eloquent. Two,
When the adjective shows the result of the verb's action,
it follows the noun, as virtue renders life happy. Three
When other words depend on it, the adjective follows as
(01:36):
a man generous to his enemies. Four. When several adjectives
qualify the same noun, they may follow it as a
woman modest, sensible, and virtuous. Five. When the adjective is
preceded by an adverb, it may follow the noun as
(01:56):
a girl affectively modest. Six. When the adjective is emphatic,
it follows as goodness, infinite, wisdom, unsearchable. Five. Give examples
of the adjective qualifying a noun and other adjectives taken together.
(02:18):
A rich old miser, a pretty little girl, a poor
old man, a fine black horse. Oh for a lodge
in some vast wilderness. One little sin brings in its
train many great sins. Six Does an adjective ever qualify
(02:43):
another adjective? Some grammarians claim it does, as in the
following A bright blue silk, a pale red flower, a
light green color. Seven. Name some compound adjectives sugarcoated, panic, stricken,
(03:07):
broad brimmed, fleet footed, loud sounding, three legged, heart, rending, pain, relieving, soul, cheering, sweet, scented,
hoary headed, one, bladed, well, spent, bed ridden, threadbare, air tight,
(03:28):
blood stained, love, sick, sweet, faced. Eight. Give some phrases
that are used as adjectives. An every day occurrence, out
of doors work, a well to do merchant, a never
(03:49):
to be forgotten story, a good for nothing man, an
out of the way place, a long to be remember pleasure. Nine.
When different classes of adjectives qualify the same noun, which
should be placed first, the numeral and pronominal adjectives precede
(04:13):
all others, as that old obelisk, the ten Great Commandments,
the seven Wise Men. Ten. When the numerals one, two, three,
et cetera are used with first and last, which should
come first? Best authorities use the ordinal first, the first, two,
(04:39):
the last forty Eleven. When more than one descriptive adjective
qualify a noun, which should be placed next to it,
the adjective that most distinguishes the noun should be placed
nearest to it. As a poor old woman, not old
(05:00):
poor woman, that beautiful young lady, not young beautiful lady.
A handsome gold cane not gold handsome cane. Twelve. What
error is frequently made in the use of adjectives their
wrong position relative to the noun. As a new pair
(05:23):
of boots for a pair of new boots, a green
load of wood for a load of green wood, an
empty barrel of flour for an empty flower barrel, a
black lady's glove for a lady's black glove, et cetera. Thirteen.
(05:47):
When adjectives are used with nouns that denote number, what
case should be used? They must correspond with the number
of the noun, as this molasses these books. Fourteen In
the expression one hundred dollars, why is one used when
(06:07):
the noun is plural one limits one hundred, not dollars.
Fifteen In the expression that jury, why not use those
with the collective noun jury is singular in meaning in
this case sixteen. When the adjective is necessarily plural, how
(06:32):
should the noun be, it should be made plural. Two
As he came thirty years ago, not thirty years The
sheep sheared five pounds of wool, not five pounds. He
earned three shillings a day, not three shillings. The tree
(06:54):
is four feet through not four foot seventeen name exceptions
to this, The words dozen, hundred, thousand, stone, weight, score,
and brace retain the singular form when united with plural adjectives,
(07:14):
as five dozen, six hundred, et cetera. Eighteen When the
pronominals this and that are both used in referring to
something previously mentioned in a sentence, to which does each refer.
This refers to the person or thing last mentioned, and
(07:36):
that to the first. As religion praises men above themselves,
while ir religion sinks them beneath the brutes. This binds
them down to a poor, pitiable speck of perishable earth,
But that opens for them a prospect to the skies.
(07:57):
Nineteen When should each other and one another be used?
Each other should be applied to two objects only, as
David and Jonathan loved each other dearly. One another should
always be applied when more than two objects are meant.
As pupils should be polite to one another. That is,
(08:20):
one pupil should be appliede to another pupil. Twenty When
should an adjective of the comparative degree be used when
two objects are compared and two or more than two objects,
when the conjunction than is used to express the comparison.
As Cain was the older of the two, the sun
(08:44):
is brighter than the moon, stars or comets. Newton was
greater than Leibniz twenty one when is an adjective of
the superlative degree used when more than two objects are compared,
as Numa was the wisest of the Roman kings twenty two.
(09:08):
What other way is there of knowing when to use
the superlative and when the comparative degree. The latter term
must include the former term. When the superlative degree is used,
as man is the noblest of animals, the latter term
must exclude the former When the comparative degree is used,
(09:28):
as Jupiter is larger than all other planets twenty three
What of the use of adverbs for adjectives? Errors frequently
occur in the use of adverbs for adjectives. As he
returned safely safe. She looks beautifully beautiful. He sat silently silent.
(09:58):
I began to feel coldly cold. The rose smells sweetly sweet.
She looks badly bad. Twenty four Give sentences showing the
wrong use of adjectives for adverbs. The wind blows wild wildly.
(10:23):
I never can think so very mean, meanly of him.
He reads good well, look sharp sharply. They walk rapid rapidly.
How can we tell whether an adjective or an adverb
(10:43):
should be used? Perhaps the best way to determine whether
an adjective or adverb is required is to first consider
whether manner or quality is to be expressed by the word.
If the former an adverb, If the latter, an adjective
should be used, or when required with the verb in
(11:03):
the predicate, some form of the verb to be can
be substituted for the verb employed. As the crops look beautiful,
the crops are beautiful Twenty six. What is correct regarding
the use of double comparatives and superlatives. They should never
(11:24):
be used as a wiser man never lived, not a
more wiser man, et cetera. The nightingale is the sweetest
singer in the grove, not the most sweetest singer, et cetera.
Twenty seven. Explain use of the pronominal adjectives each, every, either, neither,
(11:49):
and one. They limit nouns in the third person singular,
and when they are the leading words in their clauses,
they require pronouns and verbs to agree with them. As
every tree is known by its fruit, let each of
you perform his duty twenty eight. For what other word
(12:15):
is either sometimes used either is now often used for
each as on either side of the entrance gate is
a statue Twenty nine explain the difference in use of
either and neither and any and none. Either and neither
(12:37):
relate to two objects only when more are referred to.
Any and none are used as either of the two,
neither of the two, any of the three, none of
the four, et cetera. Thirty Do any and none always
require singular verbs like each every either and one, Yes,
(13:02):
as any of the society knows who the present secretary is,
but none knows who the next will be. Thirty one.
What is correct regarding the use of two negatives? The
use of two negatives should be avoided, as they are
equal to an affirmative, as we didn't find nobody at
(13:25):
home is the same as to say we did find
somebody at home. Thirty two. What valgarisms are frequently indulged
in this here and that there and the pronoun them
for the adjective. Those are grating errors, as this here, boy,
(13:49):
that their example them, rules, et cetera. Here and there
should be omitted, and them should be those thirty three.
When should such be used? Whenever we refer to the noun,
such should be used. But when degree is signified we
(14:10):
use the adverb, so as such apples are so nice
thirty four. For what is such often improperly used for
the adverb so as in he is such an unreasonable person,
For he is so unreasonable a person. Thirty five. What
(14:37):
descriptive adjectives do not admit of comparison those that have
in themselves a superlative signification, as this stone is round,
not this stone is rounder than that note. Some of these, however,
are by good usage compared as this is the more
(14:59):
perfect exercise thirty six. Correct the following twenty sentences. One
we travel fifty mile a day miles. Two Those sort
of pens are first rate sorts good. Three These molasses
(15:24):
are nice. This is four. College students often haze each
other one another. Five two negatives destroy one another each other. Six.
Neither you nor nobody else never saw a white blackbird
(15:48):
anybody ever. Seven Israel loved Joseph more than all his children,
than all his other children. Eight. The two first classes
have recited first two. Nine she sings very sweet sweetly.
(16:14):
Ten she brought home two pair of shoes pairs eleven
of all other vices, lying is the worst expunge other twelve,
Which of them there boys, is the best in school
(16:35):
those boys. Thirteen. Idleness and vice go hand in hand.
That is the parent, This is the child. This that
fourteen He bought a sorrel handsome horse, and a jersey,
little cow. Handsome sorrel, little jersey. Fifteen. Eve was the
(17:02):
fairest of all her daughters, fairer than all sixteen. Neither
of my brothers have returned has seventeen. It is more
easier to tear down than to build up easier eighteen.
(17:24):
My mother gave me a birthday handsome present, handsome birthday present. Nineteen.
Let everybody attend to their own business. His twenty go
and tell them children to be still those thirty seven?
(17:48):
What is the program for parsing adjectives? One name the
part of speech. Two name its class and sub classes.
Three give its degree if it is compared, four give
its construction. Five name or recite the rule thirty eight
Parse a common adjective. The world runs after great men
(18:14):
and neglects good ones. Great is an adjective descriptive common
positive degree and qualifies men. Rule thirty nine parse a
predicate adjective. Liberty is sweet. Sweet is an adjective descriptive
(18:35):
common positive degree. In the predicate and qualifies liberty. Forty
parse a proper adjective. The Australian gold fields are very extensive.
Australian is an adjective descriptive proper, not compared and qualifies fields.
(19:00):
Parse a participial adjective. A variety of pleasing objects charms
the eye. Pleasing is an adjective descriptive participle, not compared
and qualifies objects. Forty two Parse a distributive adjective. Either
(19:21):
road leads to the city. Either is an adjective, definitive,
pronominal distributive, not compared and limits road. Forty three Parse
a demonstrative adjective. Where did I buy those scissors? Those?
Is an adjective definitive, pronominal, demonstrative plural, not compared and
(19:46):
limits scissors. Parse an indefinite adjective. All must die none
can escape None is an adjective definitive pronominal indefinite, used
as a noun common third plural common nominative subject of
(20:08):
can escape. Parse a reciprocal adjective. We should help one another,
We should help one person another person, or we one
person should help another person. One is an adjective definitive
(20:29):
pronominal indefinite singular, not compared, and limits person understood another
is parsed in the same way. Person understood after another
is the object of the transitive verb help. Forty six
Parse a cardinal adjective. The Atlantic Ocean is three thousand
(20:53):
miles wide. Three thousand is an adjective, definitive numeral cardinal,
not compared and limits miles. Forty seven Parse an ordinal adjective,
repeat the first four lines in concert first is an
adjective definitive numeral ordinal and limits four lines. Forty eight
(21:21):
Parse a multiplicative adjective. Lets double blessings light on him
that first invented sleep double is an adjective definitive numeral
multiplicative and limits blessings end of adjectives.
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