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Speaker 1 (00:00):
Section number eighteen of one thousand one Questions and Answers
on English Grammar by Benjamin Hathaway. Adjectives One, give the
rule for adjectives. Adjectives limit or qualify nouns or pronouns.
(00:21):
Section two. The adjective in the predicate may limit what
besides a noun or pronoun, Sometimes a phrase or sentence
used as the subject, as to err is human, that
they should not consent is not strange. Three. What is
the position of an adjective? It is usually placed immediately
(00:45):
before the noun it qualifies, as it is impious in
a good man to be sad. Section four name exceptions
to this rule. When in the predicate, the adjective may
follow the noun as pitt was eloquent. Two. When the
(01:06):
adjective shows the result of the verb's action, it follows
the noun as virtue renders life happy. Three. When other
words depend on it, the adjective follows as a man
generous to his enemies. Four. When several adjectives qualify the
same noun, they may follow it as a woman modest, sensible,
(01:30):
and virtuous. Five. When the adjective is preceded by an adverb,
it may follow the noun as a girl affectively modest. Six.
When the adjective is emphatic, it follows as goodness, infinite, wisdom, unsearchable. Five.
(01:54):
Give examples of the adjective qualifying a noun and other
adjectives taken together. A rich old miser, a pretty little girl,
a poor old man, a fine black horse, oh for
a lodge in some vast wilderness. One little sin brings
(02:18):
in its train many great sins. Six Does an adjective
ever qualify another adjective? Some grammarians claim it does, as
in the following, A bright blue silk, a pale red flower,
(02:38):
a light green color. Seven Name some compound adjectives sugar coated, panic, stricken, broad, brimmed,
fleet footed, loud sounding, three legged, heart rending, pain, relieving, soul, cheering, sweet, scented,
(03:01):
hoary headed, one, bladed, well spent, bed ridden, threadbare, air tight,
blood stained, love, sick, sweet faced. Eight. Give some phrases
that are used as adjectives and every day occurrence. Out
(03:25):
of doors work, a well to do merchant, a never
to be forgotten story, a good for nothing man, an
out of the way place, a long to be remembered pleasure.
(03:45):
Nine When different classes of adjectives qualify the same noun,
which should be placed first. The numeral and pronominal adjectives
precede all others, as that old obelisk, the ten Great Commandments,
the seven Wise men ten. When the numerals one, two, three,
(04:09):
et cetera are used with first and last, which should
come first, best authorities use the ordinal first, the first, two,
the last forty Eleven. When more than one descriptive adjective
qualify a noun, which should be placed next to it,
(04:33):
the adjective that most distinguishes the noun should be placed
nearest to it, as a poor old woman, not old
poor woman, that beautiful young lady, not young beautiful lady.
A handsome gold cane not gold handsome cane. Twelve What
(04:57):
error is frequently made in the use of at jectives
their wrong position relative to the noun, as a new
pair of boots for a pair of new boots, a
green load of wood for a load of green wood,
an empty barrel of flour for an empty flower barrel,
(05:21):
a black lady's glove for a lady's black glove, et cetera. Thirteen.
When adjectives are used with nouns, that denote number, what
case should be used? They must correspond with the number
of the noun, as this molasses these books. Fourteen In
(05:45):
the expression one hundred dollars, why is one used when
the noun is plural one limits one hundred, not dollars.
Fifteen In the expression that jury, why not use those?
With the collective noun jury is singular in meaning in
(06:08):
this case sixteen. When the adjective is necessarily plural, How
should the noun be it should be made plural. Two
As he came thirty years ago, not thirty year The
sheep sheared five pounds of wool, not five pound. He
(06:31):
earned three shillings a day, not three shilling. The tree
is four feet through, not four foot seventeen name exceptions
to this, The words dozen, hundred, thousand, stone, weight, score,
(06:51):
and brace retain the singular form when united with plural adjectives,
as five, dozen, six, one hundred, et cetera. Eighteen. When
the pronominals this and that are both used in referring
to something previously mentioned in a sentence, to which does
(07:12):
each refer? This refers to the person or thing last mentioned,
and that to the first. As religion praises men, above themselves,
while irreligion sinks them beneath the brutes. This binds them
down to a poor, pitiable speck of perishable earth, But
(07:34):
that opens for them a prospect to the skies. Nineteen
When should each other and one another be used? Each
other should be applied to two objects only, as David
and Jonathan loved each other dearly. One another should always
(07:55):
be applied when more than two objects are meant as
pupils should be polite to one another. That is, one
pupil should be applied to another pupil. Twenty When should
an adjective of the comparative degree be used when two
objects are compared and two or more than two objects,
(08:18):
when the conjunction than is used to express the comparison,
as Cain was the older of the two, the sun
is brighter than the moon, stars or comets. Newton was
greater than Leibniz twenty one. When is an adjective of
the superlative degree used when more than two objects are compared,
(08:43):
as Numa was the wisest of the Roman kings twenty two?
One other way is there of knowing when to use
the superlative and when the comparative degree The latter term
must include the former term. When when the superlative degree
is used, as man is the noblest of animals, the
(09:06):
latter term must exclude the former when the comparative degree
is used, as Jupiter is larger than all other planets.
Twenty three What of the use of adverbs for adjectives?
Errors frequently occur in the use of adverbs for adjectives.
(09:27):
As he returned safely safe. She looks beautifully beautiful. He
sat silently silent. I began to feel coldly cold. The
rose smells sweetly sweet. She looks badly bad. Twenty four
(09:56):
Give sentences showing the wrong use of adjectives for adverbs.
The wind blows wild wildly. I never can think so
very mean, meanly of him. He reads good well, look sharp, sharply.
(10:18):
They walk rapid rapidly. How can we tell whether an
adjective or an adverb should be used? Perhaps the best
way to determine whether an adjective or adverb is required
is to first consider whether manner or quality is to
be expressed by the word. If the former an adverb,
(10:40):
If the latter, an adjective should be used, or when
required with the verb in the predicate some form of
the verb to be can be substituted for the verb employed,
as the crops look beautiful, the crops are beautiful Twenty six.
(11:01):
What is correct regarding the use of double comparatives and superlatives.
They should never be used, as a wiser man never lived,
not a more wiser man, et cetera. The nightingale is
the sweetest singer in the grove, not the most sweetest singer,
(11:22):
et cetera. Twenty seven. Explain use of the pronominal adjectives each, every, either, neither,
and one. They limit nouns in the third person singular,
and when they are the leading words in their clauses,
they require pronouns and verbs to agree with them. As
(11:45):
every tree is known by its fruit, Let each of
you perform his duty twenty eight. For what other word
is either sometimes used either is now often used for each,
as on either side of the entrance gate is a statue.
(12:09):
Twenty nine. Explain the difference in use of either and
neither and any and none. Either and neither relate to
two objects only when more are referred to. Any and
none are used as either of the two, neither of
the two, any of the three, none of the four,
(12:32):
et cetera. Thirty Do any and none always require singular
verbs like each every either and one, Yes, as any
of the society knows who the present secretary is, but
none knows who the next will be. Thirty one What
(12:56):
is correct regarding the use of two negatives? The use
of two negatives should be avoided, as they are equal
to an affirmative. As we didn't find nobody at home
is the same as to say we did find somebody
at home. Thirty two. What valgarisms are frequently indulged in
(13:21):
this here and that there and the pronoun them for
the adjective. Those are grating errors, as this here, boy,
that their example, them rules, et cetera. Here and there
should be omitted, and them should be those Thirty three
(13:44):
When should such be used? Whenever we refer to the noun,
such should be used. But when degree is signified we
use the adverb, so as such apples are so nice.
Thirty four. For what is such often improperly used for
(14:06):
the adverb so as in he is such an unreasonable person,
for he is so unreasonable a person. Thirty five What
descriptive adjectives do not admit of comparison? Those that have
in themselves a superlative signification, as this stone is round,
(14:31):
not this stone is rounder than that note. Some of these, however,
are by good usage compared as this is the more
perfect exercise thirty six correct the following twenty sentences. One
(14:52):
we travel fifty mile a day miles. Two Those sort
of pens are first rate sorts good. Three These molasses
are nice. This is four. College students often haze each
(15:14):
other one another. Five. Two negatives destroy one another each other. Six.
Neither you nor nobody else never saw a white blackbird
anybody ever. Seven Israel loved Joseph more than all his children,
(15:40):
than all his other children. Eight. The two first classes
have recited first two. Nine she sings very sweet sweetly.
Ten she brought home two pair of shoes pairs eleven.
(16:04):
Of all other vices, lying is the worst, expunge other twelve.
Which of them there boys is the best in school?
Those boys? Thirteen. Idleness and vice go hand in hand.
That is the parent. This is the child. This that
(16:32):
fourteen He bought a sorrel, handsome horse and a jersey
little cow, handsome sorrel, little jersey. Fifteen. Eve was the
fairest of all her daughters fairer than all Sixteen. Neither
(16:52):
of my brothers have returned has seventeen. It is more
easier to tear down than to build up easier eighteen
My mother gave me a birthday handsome present. Handsome birthday present. Nineteen.
(17:15):
Let everybody attend to their own business his twenty go
and tell them children to be still those thirty seven?
What is the program for parsing adjectives? One Name the
part of speech. Two name its class and subclasses. Three
(17:40):
give its degree if it is compared. Four give its construction.
Five name or recite the rule. Thirty eight Parse a
common adjective. The world runs after great men and neglects
good ones. Great is an adjective descriptive common positive degree
(18:04):
and qualifies men. Rule thirty nine parse a predicate adjective.
Liberty is sweet. Sweet is an adjective descriptive common positive
degree in the predicate and qualifies liberty. Forty Parse a
(18:26):
proper adjective. The Australian gold fields are very extensive. Australian
is an adjective descriptive proper, not compared, and qualifies fields.
Forty one Parse a participial adjective a variety of pleasing
(18:47):
objects charms the eye. Pleasing is an adjective, descriptive, participle,
not compared and qualifies objects. Forty two Parse a distributive adjective.
Either road leads to the city. Either is an adjective, definitive, pronominal, distributive,
(19:10):
not compared and limits road. Forty three Parse a demonstrative adjective.
Where did I buy those scissors? Those? Is an adjective, definitive, pronominal,
demonstrative plural, not compared and limits scissors. Parse an indefinite adjective.
(19:35):
All must die none, can escape None is an adjective definitive, pronominal, indefinite,
used as a noun, common third plural, common nominative subject
of can escape. Parse a reciprocal adjective. We should help
(19:59):
one another. We should help one person another person, or
we one person should help another person. One is an adjective, definitive, pronominal, indefinite, singular,
not compared and limits. Person understood another is parsed in
(20:19):
the same way. Person understood after another is the object
of the transitive verb help. Forty six Parse a cardinal adjective.
The Atlantic Ocean is three thousand miles wide. Three thousand
is an adjective definitive numeral cardinal not compared and limits
(20:44):
miles forty seven. Parse an ordinal adjective repeat the first
four lines in concert first is an adjective definitive numeral
ordinal and limits four lines forty eight. Parse a multiplicative adjective.
(21:07):
Let double blessings light on him that first invented. Sleep
double is an adjective definitive numeral multiplicative and limits blessings.
End of adjectives
Section number eighteen of one thousand one Questions and Answers
on English Grammar by Benjamin Hathaway. Adjectives One, give the
rule for adjectives. Adjectives limit or qualify nouns or pronouns.
(00:21):
Section two. The adjective in the predicate may limit what
besides a noun or pronoun, Sometimes a phrase or sentence
used as the subject, as to err is human, that
they should not consent is not strange. Three. What is
the position of an adjective? It is usually placed immediately
(00:45):
before the noun it qualifies, as it is impious in
a good man to be sad. Section four name exceptions
to this rule. When in the predicate, the adjective may
follow the noun as pitt was eloquent. Two. When the
(01:06):
adjective shows the result of the verb's action, it follows
the noun as virtue renders life happy. Three. When other
words depend on it, the adjective follows as a man
generous to his enemies. Four. When several adjectives qualify the
same noun, they may follow it as a woman modest, sensible,
(01:30):
and virtuous. Five. When the adjective is preceded by an adverb,
it may follow the noun as a girl affectively modest. Six.
When the adjective is emphatic, it follows as goodness, infinite, wisdom, unsearchable. Five.
(01:54):
Give examples of the adjective qualifying a noun and other
adjectives taken together. A rich old miser, a pretty little girl,
a poor old man, a fine black horse, oh for
a lodge in some vast wilderness. One little sin brings
(02:18):
in its train many great sins. Six Does an adjective
ever qualify another adjective? Some grammarians claim it does, as
in the following, A bright blue silk, a pale red flower,
(02:38):
a light green color. Seven Name some compound adjectives sugar coated, panic, stricken, broad, brimmed,
fleet footed, loud sounding, three legged, heart rending, pain, relieving, soul, cheering, sweet, scented,
(03:01):
hoary headed, one, bladed, well spent, bed ridden, threadbare, air tight,
blood stained, love, sick, sweet faced. Eight. Give some phrases
that are used as adjectives and every day occurrence. Out
(03:25):
of doors work, a well to do merchant, a never
to be forgotten story, a good for nothing man, an
out of the way place, a long to be remembered pleasure.
(03:45):
Nine When different classes of adjectives qualify the same noun,
which should be placed first. The numeral and pronominal adjectives
precede all others, as that old obelisk, the ten Great Commandments,
the seven Wise men ten. When the numerals one, two, three,
(04:09):
et cetera are used with first and last, which should
come first, best authorities use the ordinal first, the first, two,
the last forty Eleven. When more than one descriptive adjective
qualify a noun, which should be placed next to it,
(04:33):
the adjective that most distinguishes the noun should be placed
nearest to it, as a poor old woman, not old
poor woman, that beautiful young lady, not young beautiful lady.
A handsome gold cane not gold handsome cane. Twelve What
(04:57):
error is frequently made in the use of at jectives
their wrong position relative to the noun, as a new
pair of boots for a pair of new boots, a
green load of wood for a load of green wood,
an empty barrel of flour for an empty flower barrel,
(05:21):
a black lady's glove for a lady's black glove, et cetera. Thirteen.
When adjectives are used with nouns, that denote number, what
case should be used? They must correspond with the number
of the noun, as this molasses these books. Fourteen In
(05:45):
the expression one hundred dollars, why is one used when
the noun is plural one limits one hundred, not dollars.
Fifteen In the expression that jury, why not use those?
With the collective noun jury is singular in meaning in
(06:08):
this case sixteen. When the adjective is necessarily plural, How
should the noun be it should be made plural. Two
As he came thirty years ago, not thirty year The
sheep sheared five pounds of wool, not five pound. He
(06:31):
earned three shillings a day, not three shilling. The tree
is four feet through, not four foot seventeen name exceptions
to this, The words dozen, hundred, thousand, stone, weight, score,
(06:51):
and brace retain the singular form when united with plural adjectives,
as five, dozen, six, one hundred, et cetera. Eighteen. When
the pronominals this and that are both used in referring
to something previously mentioned in a sentence, to which does
(07:12):
each refer? This refers to the person or thing last mentioned,
and that to the first. As religion praises men, above themselves,
while irreligion sinks them beneath the brutes. This binds them
down to a poor, pitiable speck of perishable earth, But
(07:34):
that opens for them a prospect to the skies. Nineteen
When should each other and one another be used? Each
other should be applied to two objects only, as David
and Jonathan loved each other dearly. One another should always
(07:55):
be applied when more than two objects are meant as
pupils should be polite to one another. That is, one
pupil should be applied to another pupil. Twenty When should
an adjective of the comparative degree be used when two
objects are compared and two or more than two objects,
(08:18):
when the conjunction than is used to express the comparison,
as Cain was the older of the two, the sun
is brighter than the moon, stars or comets. Newton was
greater than Leibniz twenty one. When is an adjective of
the superlative degree used when more than two objects are compared,
(08:43):
as Numa was the wisest of the Roman kings twenty two?
One other way is there of knowing when to use
the superlative and when the comparative degree The latter term
must include the former term. When when the superlative degree
is used, as man is the noblest of animals, the
(09:06):
latter term must exclude the former when the comparative degree
is used, as Jupiter is larger than all other planets.
Twenty three What of the use of adverbs for adjectives?
Errors frequently occur in the use of adverbs for adjectives.
(09:27):
As he returned safely safe. She looks beautifully beautiful. He
sat silently silent. I began to feel coldly cold. The
rose smells sweetly sweet. She looks badly bad. Twenty four
(09:56):
Give sentences showing the wrong use of adjectives for adverbs.
The wind blows wild wildly. I never can think so
very mean, meanly of him. He reads good well, look sharp, sharply.
(10:18):
They walk rapid rapidly. How can we tell whether an
adjective or an adverb should be used? Perhaps the best
way to determine whether an adjective or adverb is required
is to first consider whether manner or quality is to
be expressed by the word. If the former an adverb,
(10:40):
If the latter, an adjective should be used, or when
required with the verb in the predicate some form of
the verb to be can be substituted for the verb employed,
as the crops look beautiful, the crops are beautiful Twenty six.
(11:01):
What is correct regarding the use of double comparatives and superlatives.
They should never be used, as a wiser man never lived,
not a more wiser man, et cetera. The nightingale is
the sweetest singer in the grove, not the most sweetest singer,
(11:22):
et cetera. Twenty seven. Explain use of the pronominal adjectives each, every, either, neither,
and one. They limit nouns in the third person singular,
and when they are the leading words in their clauses,
they require pronouns and verbs to agree with them. As
(11:45):
every tree is known by its fruit, Let each of
you perform his duty twenty eight. For what other word
is either sometimes used either is now often used for each,
as on either side of the entrance gate is a statue.
(12:09):
Twenty nine. Explain the difference in use of either and
neither and any and none. Either and neither relate to
two objects only when more are referred to. Any and
none are used as either of the two, neither of
the two, any of the three, none of the four,
(12:32):
et cetera. Thirty Do any and none always require singular
verbs like each every either and one, Yes, as any
of the society knows who the present secretary is, but
none knows who the next will be. Thirty one What
(12:56):
is correct regarding the use of two negatives? The use
of two negatives should be avoided, as they are equal
to an affirmative. As we didn't find nobody at home
is the same as to say we did find somebody
at home. Thirty two. What valgarisms are frequently indulged in
(13:21):
this here and that there and the pronoun them for
the adjective. Those are grating errors, as this here, boy,
that their example, them rules, et cetera. Here and there
should be omitted, and them should be those Thirty three
(13:44):
When should such be used? Whenever we refer to the noun,
such should be used. But when degree is signified we
use the adverb, so as such apples are so nice.
Thirty four. For what is such often improperly used for
(14:06):
the adverb so as in he is such an unreasonable person,
for he is so unreasonable a person. Thirty five What
descriptive adjectives do not admit of comparison? Those that have
in themselves a superlative signification, as this stone is round,
(14:31):
not this stone is rounder than that note. Some of these, however,
are by good usage compared as this is the more
perfect exercise thirty six correct the following twenty sentences. One
(14:52):
we travel fifty mile a day miles. Two Those sort
of pens are first rate sorts good. Three These molasses
are nice. This is four. College students often haze each
(15:14):
other one another. Five. Two negatives destroy one another each other. Six.
Neither you nor nobody else never saw a white blackbird
anybody ever. Seven Israel loved Joseph more than all his children,
(15:40):
than all his other children. Eight. The two first classes
have recited first two. Nine she sings very sweet sweetly.
Ten she brought home two pair of shoes pairs eleven.
(16:04):
Of all other vices, lying is the worst, expunge other twelve.
Which of them there boys is the best in school?
Those boys? Thirteen. Idleness and vice go hand in hand.
That is the parent. This is the child. This that
(16:32):
fourteen He bought a sorrel, handsome horse and a jersey
little cow, handsome sorrel, little jersey. Fifteen. Eve was the
fairest of all her daughters fairer than all Sixteen. Neither
(16:52):
of my brothers have returned has seventeen. It is more
easier to tear down than to build up easier eighteen
My mother gave me a birthday handsome present. Handsome birthday present. Nineteen.
(17:15):
Let everybody attend to their own business his twenty go
and tell them children to be still those thirty seven?
What is the program for parsing adjectives? One Name the
part of speech. Two name its class and subclasses. Three
(17:40):
give its degree if it is compared. Four give its construction.
Five name or recite the rule. Thirty eight Parse a
common adjective. The world runs after great men and neglects
good ones. Great is an adjective descriptive common positive degree
(18:04):
and qualifies men. Rule thirty nine parse a predicate adjective.
Liberty is sweet. Sweet is an adjective descriptive common positive
degree in the predicate and qualifies liberty. Forty Parse a
(18:26):
proper adjective. The Australian gold fields are very extensive. Australian
is an adjective descriptive proper, not compared, and qualifies fields.
Forty one Parse a participial adjective a variety of pleasing
(18:47):
objects charms the eye. Pleasing is an adjective, descriptive, participle,
not compared and qualifies objects. Forty two Parse a distributive adjective.
Either road leads to the city. Either is an adjective, definitive, pronominal, distributive,
(19:10):
not compared and limits road. Forty three Parse a demonstrative adjective.
Where did I buy those scissors? Those? Is an adjective, definitive, pronominal,
demonstrative plural, not compared and limits scissors. Parse an indefinite adjective.
(19:35):
All must die none, can escape None is an adjective definitive, pronominal, indefinite,
used as a noun, common third plural, common nominative subject
of can escape. Parse a reciprocal adjective. We should help
(19:59):
one another. We should help one person another person, or
we one person should help another person. One is an adjective, definitive, pronominal, indefinite, singular,
not compared and limits. Person understood another is parsed in
(20:19):
the same way. Person understood after another is the object
of the transitive verb help. Forty six Parse a cardinal adjective.
The Atlantic Ocean is three thousand miles wide. Three thousand
is an adjective definitive numeral cardinal not compared and limits
(20:44):
miles forty seven. Parse an ordinal adjective repeat the first
four lines in concert first is an adjective definitive numeral
ordinal and limits four lines forty eight. Parse a multiplicative adjective.
(21:07):
Let double blessings light on him that first invented. Sleep
double is an adjective definitive numeral multiplicative and limits blessings.
End of adjectives
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