BONUS EPISODE! The Entire Gettysburg Campaign | Every Battle - Battles Of The American Civil War

Episode Transcript
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Speaker 1 (00:00):
Live the pretty and studios. It's banging dangs. That's awesome.
If you don't like that, then you ain't black. All right.

Speaker 2 (00:10):
Welcome back to Battles of the American Civil War, which
your host Bang and dang Man. We got a special
YouTube only YouTube exclusive for you guys, where we were
putting together the whole Gettysburg campaign from beginning to end,
from the first battle to the last battle, starting with
the Battle of Franklin's Crossing and ending with the retreat

(00:31):
from Gettysburg by the Confederates and the last battle of
this campaign at Manassas Gap. This is the first time
we've done something like this but put the campaigns together
all in one. Usually when we were doing the battles,
we were going in chronological order, so all the campaign
battles weren't together. So but figured, if we're gonna start

(00:53):
with it and put out a whole campaign together in
one video, we'll do the Gettysburg campaign first. You'll notice
some of these, like I said, they're from different episodes
that have different battles from different campaigns, so some of
them might sound a.

Speaker 1 (01:08):
Little bit different.

Speaker 2 (01:09):
Some of these were recorded probably about four years ago
when we first started this podcast, So yeah, some of
them may sound different, but either or we'll start with
Franklin's Crossing and head our way to obviously the big
Battle of Gettysburg and then the retreat and ending with
Manassas Gap.

Speaker 1 (01:29):
So hope you guys enjoy it.

Speaker 2 (01:31):
We're planning doing this with pretty much all the campaigns
that we can, putting them all together in one video
like this. Like I said, this is YouTube exclusive, So
if you're listening to this you like it, go check
out the actual podcast and subscribe if you haven't already
to get more Civil War content. So here we go,

(01:53):
all right, coming up first in this Gettysburg campaign, the
turning point of the war. This campaign is about to
start and all hell's about the break loose soon as
we get the Gettysburg. But first we got to get there.
So kicking off the campaign is the Battle of Franklin's
Crossing June fifth, eighteen sixty three, also known as Deep Run,
which took place near Fredericksburg, Virginia.

Speaker 1 (02:14):
June third, Robert E.

Speaker 2 (02:15):
Lee He decided to begin his second invasion of northern Soil,
and accordingly ordered his army to withdraw the lines around
Fredericksburg and move into the Shenandoah Valley to cover the
withdraw Lee he left ap Hill's third Corps. He left
him with orders to remain along the lines until the
army was safely owa. Word of Lee's movements they reached
Union General Joseph Hooker almost immediately to determine the validity

(02:37):
of the various reports he was receiving. At seven am
June fifth, Major General Daniel Butterfield, he ordered the sixth
Corps under John Sedgwick to prepare the lay bridges across
the Rappahannock River at Franklin's Crossing, which was the Army
of the Potomac's third attempt to do so within six months.
By five pm June fifth, nearly all batteries the sixth
Corps had moved to the Fellmouth Heights and started shelling

(02:57):
Confederates and trenching rifle.

Speaker 1 (02:59):
Pits on the southern bank. In the morning the June sixth, Sedgwick.

Speaker 2 (03:02):
He ordered the second Division, under Brigader General Albion how
to make reconnaissance in force as the twenty six New
Jersey and fifth Vermont Regiments led the attack. How he
realized they risked significant losses and directed Colonel Lewis Grant
across the river in pontoon boats. The were monters. They
were able to successfully land the boats on the southern
bank and overrun the Florida troops, capturing thirty five prisoners.

(03:25):
They had then advanced up the bank to the edge
of Woods, where they encountered a strong detachment of Confederates
supported by artillery. A hot fire fight ensued that was
described as severe at times, before the Union advance was
halted and driven back across the river, suffering fifty seven casualties,
and when the Federals failed to attack again, Hill he
withdrew the following aid to rejoin the army. By successfully

(03:46):
defeating the Union reconnaissance party, ap Hill convinced Sedgwick that
Lee still held fredericksbergen force. Accordingly, Hooker he remained along
the Rappahannock, given Lee a valuable head starred on his invasion. Always, However,
Hooker remained unsure of Lee's true position and intentions, and
accordingly ordered a reconnaissance by his cavalry. Learning that the

(04:07):
majority of Lee's army was in Callpepper County, Virginia, Hooker
he ordered Brigadier General Elfred Pleasanton's Calvary to attack, which
resulted in the next battle coming up, the Battle of
brandy Station June ninth. It's gonna bring this to the
Battle of brandy Station, taking place on June ninth around

(04:29):
brandy Station, Virginia. The Battle of Brandy Station was the
largest predominantly cavalry engagement of the war, as well as
the largest ever to take place on Americans.

Speaker 1 (04:37):
Oil. Oh shit, A bunch of calvary and horses run
all over the damn A freaking braveheart up in this
right Yeah, I've never seen braveheart, I mean either.

Speaker 2 (04:48):
This is the beginning of the Gettysburg campaign as well,
So now we're in we're mixing up Gettysburg and Vicksburg.
All right here, baby man, what a month we got
going on here at the Union Cavalry under Major General
el Ford Pleasanton against that good.

Speaker 1 (05:02):
Old Jeb Stewart, good old Jib.

Speaker 2 (05:05):
If I remember correctly when putting this together, Jeb doesn't
fare too well right here.

Speaker 1 (05:09):
He has a rough one at some point in ward,
I think it is he already did. Remember the one
we did a few weeks ago. It was the first
defeat of a Confederate Calvalny. I don't think he's Maybe
he's realizing that they're screwed.

Speaker 2 (05:21):
Maybe This Confederate Army of the Northern Virginia streamed into
Culpeper County, Virginia after its victory at Chancellorsville, and just
a couple of weeks ago, under the leadership of Robert E. Lee,
the troops massed around Calpeper, preparing to carry the war
north into Pennsylvania, which they will. The Comfederitate army was
suffering from hunger and their equipment.

Speaker 1 (05:38):
Was poor though. Lee. They got a big problem right here.
Man Lee was having some hard times here, and uh,
he just happened to I don't think is he the
head guy. And he's not even the head guy yet.

Speaker 2 (05:48):
I think Johnson still is. He's just a commander of
all the Virginia armies. And now it's three years into
this war and the Confederates side didn't even start.

Speaker 1 (06:03):
Off with technically two years, but two and a half.
Not even in the Confederates side didn't even barely have
enough shit to do now.

Speaker 2 (06:12):
Back then then they do a lass battle at Port Hudson.
They're eating rats, right, didn't have the right guns. Most
of the mad muskets instead of rifles.

Speaker 1 (06:26):
Yeah. So what happens when you fight an industrial nation? Right?
And then the industrial nation takes the biggest river water
inland waterway away from you. Lee was determined to strike
north to capture horses, equipment, and food for his man. Yeah.
You gotta do something there, Lee, find all the rats can,
let's go. His army could also threaten Philadelphia, Baltimore, and

(06:47):
Washington and encourage the growing peace movement into the North.
It's a peace movement. By June fifth, two Infantry Corps
under Lieutenant James Longstreet and Richard Yuell. Hey, I heard
these Gay a couple of episodes ago. They were camp Chans.
They were camped in and around Culpeper, six miles northeast
call Pepper, holding the line of Rappahannock River. Stuart camp

(07:09):
test Cavalry troopers screening the Confederate Army against surprise by
the enemy. Most of the Southern Cavalry was camped near
Brandy Station. Stuart, befitting his reputation as a dashing cavalier
or a bou sabroir, he requested a full field review
of his troops. By generally this grand review on the
fifth of June included nearly nine thousand mounted troopers, four

(07:30):
batteries of horse artillery charging and simulated battle at the
Inlet station about two miles southwest. They're charging and they
had electric courses back. Then went to the hell.

Speaker 2 (07:42):
They did air battle re enactment pretty much right.

Speaker 1 (07:47):
They did that about two miles southwest of Brandy Station.
The review field currently remains much as it was in
eighteen sixty three, except that a vigenior police station occupies
part of it, for I want to see that.

Speaker 2 (07:58):
Generally, he was not to attend the review, however, so
it was repeated in his presence on June eighth, although
the repeated performance was limited to his simple parade without
battle simulations, so it wasn't repeated.

Speaker 1 (08:10):
So you lied.

Speaker 2 (08:11):
Despite the lower level of activity, some of the cavarymen
and the newspaper reporters at the scene complained that all
Stuart was doing was feeding his ego and exhausting the horses.

Speaker 1 (08:19):
Right.

Speaker 2 (08:20):
Lee ordered Stuart to cross the Rappahannock the next day
and raid Union forward positions, screening the competitiate army from
observation or interferences as it moved north. Anticipated in this
imminent offensive action, Stuart ordered his tired troopers back into
camp around Brandy Station.

Speaker 1 (08:34):
So stupid, Yeah, so dumb. Around Brandy Station. Stewart's force
of about nine five hundred man consisted of five cavalry
brigades commanded by Brigadier General Wade Hampton W. HF. Rooney Lee,
Beverly Beverly, Beverly H. Robertson, Wow, William E. Grumble Jones,
and Colonel Thomas T. Munford, the commanding Brigadier General fits Fitzhugh.

(09:00):
Lee's brigade with Lee was stricken with a bout of
rheumatism like rheumatoid authoritis. I'm like that. So these guys
are out. Plus the sixth Battery Stuart Horse Artillery, commanded
by Major Robert F. Beckham, they were out as well,
that's sayed. How were they out? Oh no, they're in right,

(09:20):
And the other one wasn't out. Just fit two. Lee
was right. Unknown to the Confederates, eleven thousand Union men
had masked on the other side of the Rappahannick. How
do you not know? Major General Elford Pleasanton, commanding the
Calvary Corps of the Army of the Potomac had organized
his combined armed forces into two wings under Brigadier Generals

(09:41):
John Buford and David McMurtry Greg David, Greg McMurtry. How
about that? Well, no, this was augmented by infantry brigades
from the Fifth Corps.

Speaker 2 (09:53):
All right, well, Beaford's being a company by Pleasanton consisted
of his own first cavalry Division, a reserve brigade led
by Major Charles White, and an infanty brigade of three
thousand men under Brigadier General.

Speaker 1 (10:03):
At Albert Ames. These guys came.

Speaker 2 (10:06):
Greg's wing was the second cavalry division, led by Colonel
Alfred Duffy, the third Calvary Division led by Greg, and
an infantry brigade under Brigadier General David Russell Fantastic. The
commander of the Army of the Potomac, Major General Joseph Hooker,
interpreted the enemy's cavalry presence around Culpepper to be indicative
of preparations for a raid of his army's sly line.
So they're coming for our supplies to In reaction to this,

(10:27):
he ordered Pleasanton's force on a spoiling raid to disperse
and destroy the Confederates. Pleasanton's attack plan called for a
two prong thrust at the enemy.

Speaker 1 (10:35):
Oh Beaufort's wing would cross the the first time we're
hearing a Pleasanton right. Buford's ring would cross the river
at Beverly's for two miles northeast of Brandy Station. At
that very same time, Greg's man would cross at Kelly's Ford,
six miles downstream to the southeast. Pleasanton anticipated that the
Southern cavalry would be caught in a double envelopment, surprised, outnumbered,

(10:59):
and beaten. He was, however, unaware of the precise disposition
of the enemy both sides even, and he incorrectly assumed
that his force was substantially larger than the Confederates. About
eleven fifteen times we heard that before Oh waits. About
four thirty am June ninth, they're like within like five

(11:20):
miles from each other near You tell me you can't
send somebody out and check it out.

Speaker 2 (11:23):
Four thirty am June ninth, Bufford's column crossed the Rappahannock
River in a dense fog, pushing aside the Confederate pickets.

Speaker 1 (11:29):
At Beverly's Ford.

Speaker 2 (11:30):
Pleasanton's force had achieved its first major surprise of the day.
Jones's brigade, awakened by the sound of nearby gunfire, rode
to scene to the scene, partially dressed and often riding bareback,
but he just take a shirt off multiple times.

Speaker 1 (11:41):
Off didn't ride in.

Speaker 2 (11:42):
They struck Bufford's leading brigade, commanded by Colonel Benjamin Davis,
near ben in the Beverly's Ford Road and temporarily checked
its progress, and Davis was killed in the assuing fighting.

Speaker 1 (11:51):
Oh no.

Speaker 2 (11:52):
Davis's brigade had been stopped just short of where Stewart's
horse artillery was camped and was vulnerable to capture. Cannoneers
swung one or two guns in the position and fired
down the road at Beeford's men, enabling the other pieces
to escape and establish the foundation for the subsequent Confederate line.
The artillery unlimbered on two knolls that were on either
side of the.

Speaker 1 (12:09):
Beverly's Ford Road. Oh shit, and most of Jones's command
rally to the left of this Confederate artillery line, while
Hampton's brigade formed to the right. The sixth Pennsylvanian Cavalry,
led by Major Robert Morris Junior, unsuccessfully charged the guns
at Saint James Church, suffering the greatest casualties of any
regiment in the battle. Several Confederates later described the sixth

(12:30):
charge the sixth charge. Damn it. Several Confederates later described
the Pennslvania six childs as the most brilliant, glorious cavalry
charge of the war. Wow, Confederates giving them love, even
though they suffered great greatest casualties of the regular In
many Civil War battles, cavalry men typically dismount and once

(12:52):
they reached an engagement and fought essentially as infantry. But
in this battle, the surprise and chaos led mostly mounted fight.
Damn that'd be nice, huh. Buford tried to turn the
Confederate left and disliza artillery that was blocking the direct
route to Brandy Station. High El Rooney Lee's brigade stood
in his way, with some troops on you ridge and

(13:14):
some dismounted troops position alongside a stone wall in the
front to him stone walls Man.

Speaker 2 (13:18):
After sustaining heavy losses, the Federals displaced the Confederates from
the stone wall. Then, to the amazement of Buford's men,
the Confederates began pulling back.

Speaker 1 (13:25):
That happens all the time right.

Speaker 2 (13:27):
They were reacting to the arrival of Greg's Union Callery
Division about twenty eight hundred men, which was the second.

Speaker 1 (13:31):
Major surprise of the date.

Speaker 2 (13:33):
Greg had intended to across at Kelly's Ford at dawn,
in concert with Buford's at Beverly's, but assembling the men
from dispersed locations and Duffy's division getting lost on the
way cost them two hours. We gotta go here. They
had intended to proceed on the roads leading directly into
brandy Station, but discovered the way blocked by Robertson's brigade
of the Confederates. Greig found a more circuitous route that

(13:56):
was completely unguarded, and following these roads is lead Brigade
under Colonel Percy Wyndham arrived in Brandy Station about eleven AM.

Speaker 1 (14:02):
Between Greg and the Saint James Battle was a prominent
ridge called Fleetwood Hill, which had been Stuart's headquarters the
previous night. Oh Jeb Stewart and most of his staff
had depotted for the front. The only force on Fleetwood
Mac when Greg arrived was Howitzer, left in the rear

(14:23):
because an inadequate m o I mean, that's uh, what's
a howitzer? Not howitzer? Right? Was it howitzer that was
left behind? That's usually what happened. Man. They ran out
of shit. They're like, why do we need to carry
that with us? We don't have nothing to shoot it with.
Shoot with it. Major Henry McClellan Stuart's a judant called
Lieutenant John Carter and his gun crew of Captain Robert

(14:47):
Cheese Battery to ascend to the crest of the hill
and go into action with a few shells available. As
He's said, urgent request of Stewart for reenforcements. Carter's few
shots to the Lady Union advance as they sent out
skirmishers and return canfire. When windmen of the North's men
charged up to the western slope at Fleetwood mac and
near the crest, the lead elements of Jones Brigade, which

(15:10):
had just withdrawn from Saint James Church, rode over the crown.
I don't understand what you just said. I like, what
is going on here?

Speaker 2 (15:20):
Gregg's next brigade, led by Colonel Judson Kilpatrick, swung around
east of Brandy Station and attacked up southern end and
the eastern slope of Fleetwood hill, only to discover that
their parents coincided with the rival of Hampton's brigade. A
series of confusing chargers and counter chargers swept back and
forth across the hill. The Confederates cleared the hill for
the final time, capturing three guns and inflicting thirty casualties

(15:41):
among the thirty six men.

Speaker 1 (15:43):
Holy shit.

Speaker 2 (15:44):
The six New York Light Artillery, which had attempted to
give close brange support to the Federal cavalry. Colonel Duffy's
small twelve hundred man division, was delayed by two Confederate
regiments in the vicinity of Stevensburg and arrived on.

Speaker 1 (15:54):
The field too late to affect the action. Cool While
Jones and Hampton withdrew from their initial position Owns to
fight at Fleetwood Hill, mack rooney Lee continued to confront Buford,
falling back to the northern end of the hill, reinforced
by fitz Lee Fitzhugh Lee's brigade. Rooney Lee launched a

(16:16):
counter attack against Buford at the same time as Pleasanton
had called for a general withdraw near sunset and the
ten hour battle was over, so there's like you attack,
and we were like we were just going to withdraw
and so they didn't even know it. They're like, yeah,
we ran them off, Like no, see, I have them
Hi and Morrell morele High. Right, they think they did

(16:36):
something good. Way, I don't know.

Speaker 2 (16:38):
Union casualties were nine hundred and seven sixty nine killed,
three fifty two wounded, four to eighty six missing, which
were all primarily captured. Preederate losses totaled five hundred and
twenty three. Some twenty thousand, five hundred men were engaged
in this, which was the largest predominantly cavalry battle to
take place during the war.

Speaker 1 (16:54):
Like we said, ridiculous.

Speaker 2 (16:55):
Among the casualties were Robert E. Lee's son Rooney, seriously
wounded in the thigh. He was sent to the Hickory
Hill in a state near Hanover Courthouse, where he was captured.

Speaker 1 (17:03):
On June twenty sixth Oh shit, he didn't die.

Speaker 2 (17:05):
Though Stewart argued that the battle was a Confederate victory
since he held the field at the end of the
day and he had repelled Pleasanton's attack. The Southern press
was generally negative about this outcome.

Speaker 1 (17:14):
I mean, he was right. The man didn't get the
job done either, right, It's true the Richmond in Choir wrote,
General Stewart has suffered no little in public estimation by
the late enterprises of the enemy. Damn, that's harsh a right.

(17:35):
The Richmond Examiner described Stuart's command as puffed up killing.
Oh damn, dude, They're not like in jab right now,
and that suffered the consequences of negligence and bad management. Oh.
Subordinate officers criticized Pleasanton from the north for not aggressively
defeating Stewart at Brady Station. Oh shit, no, Brandy Station.

(17:55):
Major General Hooker had ordered Pleasanton to disperse and destroy
the Confederate cavalry near, but Pleasanton claimed that he had
only been ordered to make a reconntaisance in force toward
Calpepper and he was like, dude, I'm just supposed to
check shit out. For the first time in the Civil War,
Union cavalary matched the Confederate horseman and skill and intermination. Well,

(18:15):
not true. Stuart falling victim to two surprise attacks which
Calvary was supposed to prevent.

Speaker 2 (18:20):
Right for shadow, You're Calvary, You're not supposed to get surprised.

Speaker 1 (18:24):
Right, And this also foreshadowed other embarrassments ahead of him
in the Gettysburg campaign. Oh dude, yeah, Stuart was. He
funked up in Gettysburg. But it was a bad time
for him to be in a slump, right, This is
not when I need you hit over seventy five and
fifteen strikeouts.

Speaker 2 (18:38):
B The Brandy Station Foundation the BSF was worn to
protect the Brandy Station Battlefield from development. According to Clark B. Hall,
a small group of citizens came together over coffee and
a let a home situated just south of the Rappahannock
River in eastern Culpepper County, Virginia, Okay. Over time, the
organization grew to over four hundred members. Has been the
cornerstone of efforts to save the battlefield from attempts to
turn it into an office park any race, as well

(19:00):
as preserving the historic building known as Graffiti House. The
Graffiti House, remember that one were the all the Confederates
put their.

Speaker 1 (19:07):
Names and shut on it. Very true.

Speaker 2 (19:09):
In nineteen ninety, the National Park Service completed mapping of
historic resources at Brandy Station and recommended preservation of twelve
hundred and sixty.

Speaker 1 (19:15):
Two acres at four separate engagement areas. American Battlefield Trust,
forming owners of Civil War throws has been the major
preservation organization involved at the Brandy Station. I would assume so.
The Trust, supplemented by the BSF and other potanas, has
acquired and preserved and fifty nine acres of the battlefield
and more than fifteen separate acquisitions from nineteen ninety seven

(19:37):
through twenty twenty one. In two thousand and three, this
led to the opening of the Brandy Station Battlefield Park,
which interprets the history of the site. Oh that's nice,
like here, something happened with some people, right, some things.
Some things happened with some pobo. This work has prevented

(19:57):
some racist racists fought racists. This work has prevented a
number many times you get start the same damn sentence
over again. I had that one. But you can't runt
for Metta do it again. This work, I don't think
you're This work has prevented a number of a commercial
enterprise from infringing on the badleground nice, including a proposed

(20:18):
for Formula one racetrack in the late nineteen nineties. Formula one.
I would have built that shit. Please find another site,
right they did. In twenty thirteen, to Trust achieved a
major preservation success by purchasing a sixty one acre tracked
at Fleetwood Hill mac sight of the number of significant
cavalry charges during the battle of a number, not just

(20:40):
one obviously. Twenty twenty two, Virginia agreed to accept seventeen
hund acres of the trust and purchase up to eight
hundred additional acres to form the Culpepper's Battlefield State Park
Nice The pot scheduled to open July first, twenty twenty four.
If we're still here. The Second Battle of Winchester fought

(21:05):
between June thirteenth and fifteenth, eighteen sixty three, in Frederick
County and Winchester, Virginia, as part of the Gettysburg Campaign.
After the Battle brandy Station on the ninth of June eighteen.

Speaker 2 (21:16):
Sixties, yes, brandy Station probably was a Gettysburg win, General
Lee ordered Eweles nineteen thousand man Second Corps Army of
Northern Virginia to clear the Lower Shenandoah Valley of Union
opposition so that Lee's army could proceed on its invasion
of Pennsylvania.

Speaker 1 (21:31):
YEP shielded by the Blue Ridge Mountains from Union in.

Speaker 2 (21:34):
Fairs, those very same Blue Ridge Mountains that he surrenders.

Speaker 1 (21:37):
In Crazy Union. General in Chief Henry Wager Halleck, expressed
great consoints about the Middle Department's defensive strategy for its
primary objective of protecting the Baltimore and Ohio rail Road.
I mean, you gotta protect a railroad, right, especially that corridor?
All right, Burger. General Benjamin Franklin the Kelly, commander of

(21:57):
the Railroad Division Department of Heart Roper's Ferry, had been
advised that his plan, along with Major General Milroy's and
Major General Robert Schnecks, commander of the Middle Department, was unsound. Supposedly, Headquarters,
eighth Army Corps, Baltimore, January fifth, eighteen sixty three. The
following telegrams received today from Major General Hellick, General in

(22:19):
Chief at States, Major General Schneck. No attempt Schneck Shank, Shank,
no attempt should be made to hold Winchester against a
large force of the enemy. Dot dot dot. He knows right.
General Helick does not quite agree with General Shank and
yourself as to policy of covering and protecting the road,

(22:41):
principally by keeping up advanced post at Leesburg, Winchester, and Romney. W. M. D. Whipple,
Assistant Adjutant Adjutant Adjutant General.

Speaker 2 (22:58):
Lieutenant General Richard Mules force of nineteen thousand men consisted
of the Division of Major General djewble Early with the
brigades of Brigader General's Harry T. Hayes, William Extra Billy
Smith at Billy Yeah Extra Billy, John B.

Speaker 1 (23:12):
Gordon and Isaac E. Avery.

Speaker 2 (23:13):
The Division of Major General Robert E. Rhodes with the
brigades of Brigadier General's Junius Daniel, George P. Doles, Alfred Iverson,
Stephen or Stephen Dotson Ramsar and Colonel Edward Oron O'Neill
Ed O'Neill Fright Stephen Right. The Division of Major General
Edward Allegheny Johnson with the grades of Brigader Generals George H. Stewart,

(23:36):
James A. Walker of the Stoneball Stonewall Brigade.

Speaker 1 (23:40):
John M.

Speaker 2 (23:40):
Jones and Colonel Jesse M. Williams for Nichols Brigade, the
Unattached First Maryland Battalion, the Calvary Brigade of Brigader General
Elbert G. Jenkins, and the Corps Artillery Reserve under Colonel J.

Speaker 1 (23:51):
Thompson Brown Fantastic with the Union Side Second Division, Eighth
Corps Middle Department Major General Robert Millroy's force of six
twenty nine hundred consisted of three infantry brigades under Brigadier
General Washington L. Elliott and Colonels Andrew McReynolds and William Eli,
and two small outposts northwest of town under Colonel Joseph W.

(24:13):
Keefer Army of Northern Virginia. And then you should read
that Ewell's movements work coordinated as part of an overall
orchestration of the Army of Northern Virginia into position for
crossing to the Potomac toward Pennsylvania, by using the Blue
Ridge Mountains as a screen. Same thing Lee wanted to
do this is all right, yeah, sorry, sorry guy, And

(24:38):
he commands the Army of Northern This strategic offensive maneuver
was put into effect on the third of June eighteen
sixty three, when Robert E. Lee stated his intent to
transfer the scene of hostilities beyond the Potomac.

Speaker 2 (24:50):
He's like, I'm tired of fighting in our own damn yard.
We got to take it to them now.

Speaker 1 (24:54):
Right, And he's like, We're going to move in a
concealed fashion down in the Shenandoah Valley. Well, you got
General Longstreet's First or via Snickers Gamp and Hill's Third
Corps via Ashby's Gap, parallel the movements of the Second
Corps to the east through Berryville, Virginia. Then you had
Stuart's Cavalry Division was under orders for careful synchronization and

(25:14):
screening for Lee's army by conducting demonstrations and screening actions
along the A and V's right flank east of the
Blue Rich you should have been doing this down in Louisiana.

Speaker 2 (25:24):
Right well, from June fourth to eleventh. The Second Corps
left Hamilton's Crossing on June fourth and march to Calpepper, Virginia,
arriving on June seventh, receiving that's the Confederate, right the
receiving intelligence that Union forces, So I could have just
read that. They would have known receiving intelligence that Union
forces had crossed the Rappahannock River in force.

Speaker 1 (25:44):
Lee ordered eule northeast.

Speaker 2 (25:46):
To brandy Station, Virginia on June ninth, to support Major
General Jebs towards action in the Battle of brandy Station,
which we've done all righty, I believe, only to find
that the Union.

Speaker 1 (25:55):
Forces already retreating. Oh wow, you'll resume.

Speaker 2 (25:57):
The march on June tenth, and on June eleventh, Early
in Johnson's Division's march via the Sperryville Turnpike to Gains
cross Roads, while Rhodes's division took the Richmond Road towards
Flint Hill. In the evening of the eleventh, after consulting
with General Lee, Yuell met with Early Johnson and the
Second Corp topographer topographer Jedediah Hotchkiss to discuss approach routes

(26:19):
and a general plan for the Second Corps objective to
capture Winchester and Martin's guys.

Speaker 1 (26:24):
Guys can be all right, we got to do this
shit seriously.

Speaker 2 (26:28):
June twelfth, the Second Corps passed through Chester's Gap southeast
of Front Royal Virginia, approaching along the Front Royal Pike,
which is modern US five twenty two. There, the Second
Corps was joined by his Calvary Brigade under the command
of Brigader General Albert Jenkins, and Euell consulted with Early N.
Jenkins to form his Core level plan of action, composed
of splitting the Core into two basic independent movements which

(26:49):
the North would intercept and cut off. Maneuver to Berryville
and Martinsburg units in that was gonna be Rhodes's Division
in Jenkins Calvary Brigade, and they were going to move
north through Berryville, Virginia to martins Martinsburg, West Virginia. The
objective was to capture, if possible McReynolds force of eighteen
hundred men and stationed McReynolds force of eighteen hundred men

(27:11):
stationed at Berryville, and then to press north to Martinsburg.
To keep going north, the main strike maneuver to Winchester
was Early's Division, Johnson's Division in the sixteenth Virginia Calvary Battalion,
Jenkins Brigade, and they were going to move northwest to Winchester, Virginia,
and the objective was to attack the fortifications in Winchester
and Milroy's force of six.

Speaker 1 (27:29):
To eight thousand men. Oh, they're looking for a battle. Yeah.

Speaker 2 (27:32):
By the end of the day on June twelfth, Rhodes
Division was five miles north of Front Royal and camped
at stone Bridge, while Johnson's Division arrived at Cedarville and
Early's Division was in camp near the Shenandoah River.

Speaker 1 (27:42):
I mean, they got a nice little plan there about
the kid take it by April, four months into this
application of By April, four months into his occupation of Winchester,
mill Roy's loose grip on Confederate raiding in the lower
Shenandoah Valley caused enough consoling for the Middle Department Commander
Shank to directly order Malory to post one brigade further

(28:03):
to the east at Barryville. It was like, dude, did
come on, all this progress were made and just ready
to just give it out right? Well, this move offered
a base of operations to patrol crossings at the Shenandoah
River and look out for Confederates raiding in and out
of both Snickers Gap and ash Ashby's Gap and the
Blue Ridge Mountains on the east oh, on the eastern

(28:25):
border of the valley. If he didn't do that, do
they wouldn't even known? Right? It's good called by Shank.
Lee was counting on Malroy to be a lazy prick.
He's just letting us do this. Shits.

Speaker 2 (28:42):
Yeah, look out for raiders on Snickers Gap and Ashby's Gap.

Speaker 1 (28:47):
That's where both of them are going, right nice. In response,
Malroy posted mc reynold's brigade in Berryville, with orders to
evacuate to Winchester upon the signal of the firing of
one of the heavy artillery guns.

Speaker 2 (28:58):
All right, well, Melroy stateation pickets and vedets around Winchester,
but they were positioned too close to Winchester and the
bushbackings of his patrols. Therefore, Merrouy had practically no surveillance
of the situation around himself. He's caution and posting outline
vedets was perhaps due to the severe losses he incurred
in trying to suppress various Confederate Calvary raids that kept
the current in his just such as on twenty four

(29:21):
On the twenty sixth of February, when he sent the
first New York Cavalry in the thirteenth Pennsylvania Cavalry out
to pursue raiders. They met the seventh and eleventh Virginia
Cavalry under the command of Colonel O. R. Funston, and
suffered a devastating loss of one hundred and ninety seven
Federal cavalry, including twelve producers.

Speaker 1 (29:36):
The Union had nothing on the Confederate Calvary socks man
the New Oh my goodness, if the again, if the
Confederates were smarter they would have realized, Hey, let's just
put our guys on horses. That's all. Every single one
of our guys are cavalry now, right, easy stuff, You

(30:00):
would think, Well, I mean, it makes sense more people
are riding horses in the south than they were up north,
even though everybody was still riding horses everywhere. I mean,
the horses didn't mean anything.

Speaker 2 (30:12):
We already established once they got into battle range, they
got off their horses and fought like infantry.

Speaker 1 (30:16):
Anyways, right, but still they're just better on their horses
than doing a navigation navigating everything. Yeah. Plus I guess too,
most of the fighting happened in the south, right. Melroy
also often recorded many other grand sounding cavalry inscursions, supposedly
capturing or killing many of the Colonel John Mosby's rangers

(30:38):
in the weeks and months leading up to June. However,
the records of Mosby's rangers do not corroborate or mention
most of these engagements, so many roy Is lying right.
Melroy's farthest outlying venettes to the south were located at
at or near Parkins Mill Battery at the Opequon Creek
crossing a mere four miles south of Winchester.

Speaker 2 (30:58):
This dude, let me just get God to bust up
his battle resume.

Speaker 1 (31:02):
I guess other reports of Federal vendetts due I mean
to the west of Winchester were never seen or encountered
by Confederate forces.

Speaker 2 (31:10):
Well, Winchester was heavily fortified by forts and lunettes circumferencing
the town, as well as along the outlying turnpike routes
entering town. Within Winchester, Melroy constructed or improved ten defensive fortifications,
numbered Battery one through ten, making improvements on many pre
existing forts and fortifications left by prior Confederate and Federal occupations.

Speaker 1 (31:31):
All Right, the.

Speaker 2 (31:33):
Fortifications were linked in places with roads and trenches, and
the use of these were a key to Milroy's defensive strategy.
Through a combination of retreating his forces into the defensive
works and then using his long range heavy artillery, Milroy
felt that he could hold out for weeks, if not months,
against any force that may be thrown against them. During
the battle, Melroy concentrated his forces on the ridges west
of town in his three highest and most improved forts,

(31:55):
connected by trenches.

Speaker 1 (31:57):
Well. The larger forts were named number two Fort Milroy,
originally built by Confederate troops and called the Fortification on
the Heights or the Main Fort. This was improved under
Major General Banks and called Fort Garibaldi by the thirty
nine New York Regiment. The fort was improved extensively by
Milroy's troops and held fourteen guns, including heavy artillery, and

(32:21):
renamed Fort Milroy, but then renamed Fort Jackson after the battle. Okay,
Millary just wasn't good enough. Then you had Battery number three,
which is Star Fort. This fort was built by Federal
troops in eighteen sixty two, improved by Milroy and equipped
with eight guns, and is also renamed Fort Alabama. Moving
on to Battery number five, which is called West Forts.

(32:44):
This was a four gun lunette located due west of
Fort Milroy, later renamed Louisiana Heights. The lesser fortifications initially
used but abandoned by Malroy during the course of the
battle were Battery one, a trenchment lunette along the Bowers
Hill south of Fort Milroy, Battery number four, a large

(33:07):
star lunet with entrenchments, and minor lunettes containing six guns
located due north of Fort Star along the same ridge.
Line as as Fort stt as Fortstaria. Battery number six
a small lunette with two guns on a hill peak
located on located between West Fort and Battery seven modern

(33:28):
exit of Virginia thirty seven onto the Virginia two. So
you guys know where that's at if you're from Virginia.

Speaker 2 (33:35):
But yeah.

Speaker 1 (33:36):
Then you had Battery number seven and a large line
and trench line with eight guns on apple Pie Ridge
west of apple Pie Ridge Road modern day Jim James
Wood Road. Nope, James Wood High Schools, all right cool.
And then you had Battery number eight, a group of
two redowns downhill west of star Fort. Then you had

(33:57):
battery number nine, which is an unknown location. Battery number
ten this was the Confederate Fort Gallier, built on the
east side of the Martinsburg Turnpike on the north end
of town. Then you had fortification at Opaquon Crossing which
is called parkins Mill Battery in Lunette or Redown four
miles south of Winchester at the Opaquon River crossing on

(34:18):
the front Royal Turnpike. Here everywhere right well.

Speaker 2 (34:23):
June thirteenth, Ewel and his generals were well acquainted with
the tactical situation Winchester, having fought through here under the
Lieutenant Jackson during the First Battle of Winchester, which we
covered and understood the layout of the various fortifications and
terrain masking opportunities on the west side of town. Therefore,
Eule's further split his main attack of two divisions into
two basic flankin movements, right which was west of the

(34:47):
left west. On the left flank in movement units were
Early's Division, Brown's Artillery Battalion, First Maryland Infantry Battalion, and
the Baltimore Light Artillery. They were to move west to
Newton on the Valley Pike, and the objective was to
approach wind Chester from the southeast and seek Flancoln avenues
of approach from the west and northwest bridges of town.
Then we had the east Flancoln movement, which was on

(35:07):
the right with the units of Johnson's divisions the sixteenth
Virginia Cavaly Battalion. They were going to go northwest to
Winchester on the front Royal Pike.

Speaker 1 (35:16):
Okay, the ojective was.

Speaker 2 (35:19):
To perform demonstrations moving north along the east side of
Winchester to divert attention from.

Speaker 1 (35:23):
Early's movements, Yes, Sir, makes sense. Johnson's division, while moving
northwest on the front Royal Pike, drove back Federal pickets
at the Opaquan River crossing around eight thirty am and
engaged in calvary skirmishes at Hog Run around nine thirty am.
Johnson's advance stalled under fire from Fort Milroy's heavy guns

(35:44):
shortly before noon, and skirmishing and artillery engagements commended AFTERWOID
with Federal artillery located on the hill near Hollinsworth Mill.
Johnson Held's position at the point to synchronize with the
arrival of Early's division. He held well and then ull ordered.

Speaker 2 (36:01):
Early's division to cross west via the NINEVAH via Ninava
to Newtown, and then moved north onto the Valley Pike,
arriving at the outskirts of Kernstown. Light infantry and artillery
engagements commenced around noon. Late in the afternoon, Round four
Early pushed back Federal skirmishers at the Valley Pike tollgate,
and they had toles back then too, and after minor engagements,

(36:21):
the Federal forces retreated north of Abrams Creek.

Speaker 1 (36:26):
Well. At least the Federal forces are retreating. I guess
I don't know. Is that a win for the No. Milroy,
despite the engagements up to the point, still had no
idea that he was facing the entire second Corps of
Lee's army. Melroy count here we go again, Come on.
Milroy concentrated all of his forces in the three forts

(36:47):
defending the town. Having feared exactly this type of scenario,
General in Chief Halleck had asked Shank to order Millroy
to fall back from Winchester to Harper's Ferry. Although Shank
had discussed evacuation with he left no clear direction for
Miliary to evacuate Jeeves. Since Milroy had convinced Shank that
his defensive position in Winchester was strong, He's like, well,

(37:09):
hellic don't know shit.

Speaker 2 (37:10):
All right, He's not out here in Washington, right.

Speaker 1 (37:14):
Milroy had previously decided to disregard concerns from Washington because
he was confident that the strength of his fortifications what
allow Scarrison to a stand in assault.

Speaker 2 (37:21):
Memory, he already said that he could be here for weeks,
even months.

Speaker 1 (37:24):
So he's like, dude, helly don't even know what we
got going on.

Speaker 2 (37:27):
Already got it in his head that he can hold out.
So Fule, based on good intelligence from sources in the
Lower Valley, had foreseen that Melroy's only escape route could
be successfully blocked, and had already anticipated by having Rhodes
Division advance on Martinsville via Berryville to cut off Malroy's
expected retreat route purpose plans from June eleventh. That afternoon,
having reached Berryville, Rhad's Division and Jenkins Calvary Brigade attempted

(37:49):
to capture mc reynolds Brigade, which is all the plan
so far that they've laid out. But alerted to the
Confederate movement by the fire and of signal guns by
Melroy's main force, McReynolds withdrew to Winchester, where his force
occupied the star Fort.

Speaker 1 (38:03):
North of town. Okay, so a little bit more manpower
at the fort, thats right. Nevertheless, the Confederates were able
to capture portions of the Federal of the federal supply
train at nearby Bunker Hill. Oh, that's in West Virginia,
along with thirty five I mean seventy five prisoners. Wow. Subsequently,

(38:24):
Confederate forces cut the telegram line into Winchester, and limiting
the Milroy's only line of communication, and by sundown on
thirteenth of June, Rhodes Division had reached Martinsburg, capturing the
town along with five Federal artillery pieces. Say the night
of the thirteenth of June, a storm arose and a
strong ring drenks Winchester and the lower Valley all night long,

(38:47):
all night. Oh.

Speaker 2 (38:49):
At dawn on June fourteenth, Gordon's brigade swept forward to
capture Bowers Hill with little resistance. Johnson extended his line to.

Speaker 1 (38:55):
The right against night opposition. The North fire wasn't next
to They're like, dude, it just ran crazy last night.
These guys ain't going nowhere like then South was like dude,
that's why there it is all right. There was a
like dude.

Speaker 2 (39:07):
There was fitful skirmishing in the streets of Winchester.

Speaker 1 (39:10):
Now, oh shit. Early and Euell.

Speaker 2 (39:11):
Conferred on Bower's Hill, and he decided on a FLANKLN strategy.
Gordon's brigade and two batteries are left on Bower's Hill,
while Early led his three other brigades back to Cedar
Creek Grade west beyond apple Pie Ridge, where it was
out of view of federal fortifications. Then north over Cloverdale
Plantation to Walnut.

Speaker 1 (39:26):
Grove, Oh, Walmart Walnut Walmart Road. Sorry, guys that are
listening to this. Obviously you don't have the map in
front of you, but you can look it up.

Speaker 2 (39:39):
His column was accompanied by twenty guns. While Early made
this march, Johnson advanced line of skirmishers on the right
to occupy the Federal's attention, providing diversionary skirmishing all day.
From ten am until about four pm.

Speaker 1 (39:52):
Confederate batteries on Bower's Hill opened up, touching off a
duel with the Federal guns in Fort Milroy. By mid afternoon,
Early's force had gained a position opposite West Fort on
apple Pie Ridge. Eight guns were positioned on the Brairily
farm northwest of the fort. Well twelve guns were placed
in Orchard southwest of the fort, but by this time

(40:13):
the field had quieted. Within the Federal forts. Milroy and
his subcommanders believed that the Confederates had been repulsed from
the Winchester, still seemingly unaware they were now totally surrounded
and cut. Oh my gosh, dude, this mail Roy.

Speaker 2 (40:28):
What is it with these Union generals? They all right
freaking stock, dude.

Speaker 1 (40:33):
So like we still got that cutoff route. Well, they
didn't know that Roads and his entire division were occupying
their primary escape route north is oh No.

Speaker 2 (40:42):
About six pm, Early's artillery opened fire on West Fort.
The twenty guns fired for forty five minutes while Hayes
stealthily advanced as Louisiana Brigade through the corn and wheat
fields at the base of apple Pie Ridge. On command,
the brigade rushed forward across three hundred yards of open
fields and swept upward into the works. After a brief
handed hand struggle, the Federal defenders abandoned the works, retreating

(41:02):
to Fort Mailroy, while their own captured artillery were turned
around and.

Speaker 1 (41:06):
Use against them.

Speaker 2 (41:08):
Hays was supported in the attack by Smith's and Avery's brigade,
and Early consolidated his line on West Fort or Flint Ridge,
but darkness prevented further games. You know they ain't doing
nothing more in darkness after Old Stonewall and artillery duel
continued until long after dark though. After the battle, Eel
christened West Fort Ridge as Louisiana Heights and honor of

(41:28):
Hayes Brigade. That evening you'll located his core headquarters at
the Bower's House, while Early's division pounded away at the
Malroy's main fort and an artillery duel well into the night.

Speaker 1 (41:37):
You know, I understand the artillery duel just to show
that we're both still here. You know, you might get
that I might.

Speaker 2 (41:45):
Get lucky, I might bust up some walls, right, but
most of it you're just wasting ammo.

Speaker 1 (41:49):
Plus it prevents people from moving forward. That's true. You
will assume that Melroy might attempt to retreat during the
night and order Johnson to prevent his escape by marching
north and off an escape to the east northeast via
the Charlestown Road, a potential escape route that could possibly
bypass the position of the road's division in the north. Therefore,

(42:10):
about nine PM, Johnson, with Stuart's and Williams brigades and
eight guns, they commenced a night march north to Berryville
Pike and west to Jordan Springs Road, where he turned
north towards Stevenson's depot, a train stop on the Winchester
and Potomac Railroad near the intersection of the Martinsburg Pike
and the Charlestown Road. Okay, cool. About midnight, the Stonewall brigade.

(42:34):
Oh poor guy disengaged and joined the rear of the column,
leaving one brigade, which was Jones's, a stride so he
can stay at the Berryville Pike east of town. Also
at nine pm, a formal council of war.

Speaker 2 (42:48):
At a formal council of war, Milroy and his officers
made the decision to try to quote unquote quote cut
their way through Tarper's Ferry on the old Charlestown Road,
the very same road the Confederate Johnson and his division
were margin toured to cut off.

Speaker 1 (42:59):
Ganna take my regiment to the child down road. I'm
going up. Cut my way through Upper Spirit right.

Speaker 2 (43:08):
All of the cannons were spiked and their carriage is
destroyed shortly after midnight.

Speaker 1 (43:14):
After midnight, the.

Speaker 2 (43:16):
Federal soldiers pulled their colors and left their work so
quietly that earliest Confederates did not know they were gone
until morning.

Speaker 1 (43:22):
Oh damn.

Speaker 2 (43:22):
A column mass and a low ground between Start Fork
and Fort Milroy then moved along the railroad line and
the Valley Pike towards the Charlestown Across Road, just south
of Stevenson's.

Speaker 1 (43:32):
Depot Okay near dawn June fifteenth, eighteen sixty three, Johnson's
skirmishers encountered the heat of the ahead Johnson skirmishers encounter
the head of the Milroy's retreating column near the intersection
of Valley Pike and Old Charlestown Road. Milroy faces calm
to the right on the pike and prepared to fight
his way out of a murderous trap by enveloping the enemy.

(43:55):
Johnson deployed his regiments along Milbourne Road. He went around
and likea was cutting everybody's tongue. The paper cuts. That's
the worst. I rally get shot with the cannon, all right.
Johnson deployed his regiments along Milburn Road as they came
up and advanced to the railroad and placed two guns
on either side of the Charlestown Road railroad bridge. The

(44:17):
rest of the artillery was deployed on the heights east
of Milburn Road. As it grew light, Federal forces made
several desperate but uncoordinated attacks against the bridge and the
railroad embankment. The Confederates were being steadily reinforced and repulsed
its attemp.

Speaker 2 (44:34):
Nichols Brigade crushed the final Federal attack and The Stonewall
Brigade then came up and line a battle north of
the road and advanced to cut the valley pike nice.
This was the final blow, and some remaining Federal regiments
host hoisted the white flag. At some point Milroy's horse
was shot from from out from under him, and the
division has a hole scattered in various directions to the
northwest and north and the northeast, with some small groups

(44:56):
even managing to escape covertly to the southeast toward and
through the Nasta's Gap into federally controlled territory.

Speaker 1 (45:02):
Oh wow, they're gone, dude, gone. Both Union and Confederate
official record reports on casualties are practically identical. Well Ewell
from the Confederates reported the fruits of this victory were
twenty three pieces of artillery, nearly all rifled, four thousand prisoners,
three hundred loaded wagons, more than three hundred horses, and

(45:24):
quiet large amounts of commissary and quartermaster's stores. This prisoner
account that Ewele says he has it seemed to include
all the capture of the Federal wounded hospitalized in Winchester.
Right since Ewell's tobographer Jedediah Hotchkiss counts about two thousand

(45:45):
prisoners from the town, along with an estimate of about
fifteen hundred. They escape to Harper's Ferry, along with more
prisoners captured during pursuits from the Confederate Cavalry. When Milroy
appeared later in Harper's Ferry, he was immediately placed under
the list. Damn. He thought he was cool. He's all right,
check shot out and they're like, oh, we've been waiting

(46:06):
for you. Most come on.

Speaker 2 (46:07):
Shortly after Shank reported Milroy's arrest had expired. Aide de
camp Captain Frederick A. Palmer of the eighteen Connecticut Infantry
reported in an extensive and detailed table of all units summarized,
seven officers and eighty eight enlisted men were killed, twelve officers,
three hundred and thirty six enlisted men were wounded, and
one hundred and forty four officers in three eight hundred

(46:28):
and fifty six en listed men were captured or missing. Thus,
while EEL reports four thousand captured, the eighth Corps reports
one hundred and forty four officers, and obviously we just
said men missing or captured was also adds up to
four thousand. Captain Palmer summarized the Union losses total of
forty four hundred and forty three for first, second, and
third brigades from the second Division, eighth Corps, including all
independent attachments. Johnson's division alone captured thirty five hundred prisoners

(46:53):
in the action at Stevenson's Depot, and this is not
surprising since this is the only major engagement of the
war in which an entire division column was attacked that
night while en route while route mounting margin on a row. Right, okay, well,
General Johnson claimed to have taken thirty prisoners with his
opera glass, as well as eleven stands of colors, one
hundred and seventy five horses and arms, and a court,

(47:14):
a court, accouterments of every description.

Speaker 1 (47:18):
Okay, whatever that is right? All right? Some Cassidy estimates
range lower, though Ker rights. The Confederate casualties were two
hundred sixty nine forty seven killed, two nineteen wounded, three missing.
Union at thirty eight h one ninety five killed, three
forty eight wounded, three thousand, five hundred and fifty eight
missing are captured difficult to account for, and records are

(47:38):
Additional numbers of the captured Union soldiers from the many
hospitals in Winchester so had so if the first reports
are right, it's for four thousand. Yeah, good, the hell
out of here. Freak, you eaker, iiker, eacher, whoever your
name is. The caucerty ratio and this engagement of two
divisions against one was an amazing two sixty nine to
four thousand, four hundred and forty three or zero point
zero six percent. That's crazy, the most lopsided for engagement

(48:04):
of the size in the entire war. Wow. It's no
wonder that the Confederate artillerys Major Robert Styles wrote this
battle at Winchester was one of the most perfect pieces
of the work the Army of the North of Virginia
ever dated. Yeah, there was, Yeah, they had no chance. Right.

Speaker 2 (48:20):
Meanwhile, Milroy and his staff is Calvery and other small
units totally in about twelve hundred.

Speaker 1 (48:25):
Escape to Harper's ferry, because of course they did.

Speaker 2 (48:27):
Additionally, in the day's following the battles, twenty seven hundred
more turned up in Bloody Run, Pennsylvania. Oh wow, Milroy's
command sees to exist, and the scattered remnants of what
was the Second Division.

Speaker 1 (48:36):
Eighteen or twenty seven turned up out of the four
thousand missing, or just the ones that I just took off, right,
At least they went back.

Speaker 2 (48:43):
I think that was part of the four hundred missing,
four thousand missing, all right.

Speaker 1 (48:48):
Maybe Yeah.

Speaker 2 (48:49):
Malroy's command sees to exist, and the scattered remnants of
what was the second Division of the eighth Corps were
assimilated back into the Middle Department while Milroy was placed
under arrest. The Confederate had merely hope to resupply and forge,
but with the easy capture of Winchester, they captured enough
artillery and horses to equip a battalion of infantry and cavalry.
You need to get in twenty eight guns, which they

(49:10):
got twenty three at Winchester and five at Martinsburg, and
three hundred horses in total.

Speaker 1 (49:13):
Crazy, dude, three hundred horses. They just supplied a whole
new regiment, dude, you ain't getting.

Speaker 2 (49:17):
Additionally, the Confederates captured a great quantity of food, clothing,
small arms, ammunition, and medical stands in Winchester.

Speaker 1 (49:23):
They loved that even more than anything else. That they
got rights that clothing, Oh you ain't getting.

Speaker 2 (49:29):
Following this battle, a court of inquiry was held and
both President Lincoln and Halleck desire to know who disobeyed
the orders to evacuate Winchester. See, yeah, because he was
told to evacuate and this he fucked himself.

Speaker 1 (49:40):
Dude. Well, but Shank let them let him though, I yes,
so had to beyond Shank. Shank arrested, right, Shank was
the leading officer. But Milroy is the one decided to
you know, idiot. Well. President Abraham Lincoln wrote to Milroy
and it says this, Major General Milroy, I have never
doubted your courage and devotion to the cause, but I

(50:01):
have scarcely seen anything from you at any time that
did not contain imputations against your superiors and a chafing
against acting the part they have assigned you.

Speaker 2 (50:13):
Imagine getting this from the President like basically telling you
he is a disappointed father.

Speaker 1 (50:17):
And he continues on and says, you have constantly urged
the idea that you were persecuted because you did not
come from West Point, and you repeat it in these letters. Wow,
I mean west Point was a huge thing back then.
You didn't go to West Point, you were nothing. This,
my dear General, is I fear the rock on which

(50:40):
you have split. Abraham Lincoln twenty ninth to June eighteen
sixty three, oh.

Speaker 2 (50:46):
The nature of the inquiry was later changed from investigating
who dissipated orders to evacuate Winchester to the discovery of
the events and nature of their retreat from Winchester. Melroy
was exonerated and claimed that his brilliant defensive action at
Winchester was instrumental in causing the timing of the Battle
of Gettysburg, leading to the overall Union victory for the campaign.
Despite this, Hallick consisted that more Mayroy not be given

(51:07):
any more.

Speaker 1 (51:07):
Commands like, no, can't trust this guy. He got what
he wants, all right. The victory s second Winchester to
clear the valley of Federal troops and opened the door
for Lee's second invasion of the North. And that's that's
what he was hoping for. The capturing of ample supplies
justified Lee's conceptual plan to provision his army on the March.

(51:28):
The Federal defeat stunned the North. Secretary of War Edwin
Stanton called for additional militia to be federalized. Shortly after
whits President Lincoln requested one hundred thousand volunteers to repel
the threatened invasions. Namn Lincoln's like, you know what we're
seeing more nid. Several fleeing members of the scattered eighty

(51:49):
seven Pennsylvania hastily tramped back to their homes near Gettysburg
and then joining New York County, Pennsylvania, spreading news the
local officials that the Confederates were now in the alley
and strength with apparent designs and invading Pennsylvania's Like, dude, oh,
they were right, These mofos are coming. Governor Andrew Kirkin
of Pennsylvania, in response to these reports and other military intelligence,

(52:12):
called for fifty thousand volunteers to protect the Keystone State.

Speaker 2 (52:15):
We need your help, guys, He's like, we need your help.
Immediately following the battle, I'll dispatch the entire Core Cavalary
Brigade under Jenkins on a raid to Chambersburg, Pennsylvania to
forge and reconnoiter.

Speaker 1 (52:26):
Damn right.

Speaker 2 (52:26):
E'll place the second Core headquarters about three miles north
of Winchester, and then at mister Boyd's house near Bunker's Hill.

Speaker 1 (52:32):
Damn right, mister Boyd.

Speaker 2 (52:33):
The captured flag of Fort Melroy was used to create
a new Confederate flag. And Ewell and early attended a
christening ceremony in which the new flag was hosted and
the fort officially renamed Fort Jackson in honor of the
recently slain former second Core Commander. Right topographer Jedediah hit
Hotchkiss then commenced an all day survey creating his now
famous map of the battle. Medals of Honor during the

(52:55):
Battle of Winchester second one, two Union enlisted men, and
one officer received the Medal of Honor for their action.
Second Lieutenant James Durham from the twelfth West Virginia Infantry,
Musician John T. Patterson from the one hundred and second
twenty second Ohio Infantry, and Private Elbridge Robinson, also from
the one hundred and twenty second Ohio Infantry.

Speaker 1 (53:14):
So he had a drummer boy get himself a Medal
of Armor. Huh, nice, good friend.

Speaker 2 (53:18):
He probably played his ass off all through the cannons
and all ship flying through.

Speaker 1 (53:22):
I tell you what, you guys need to take a
look at Durham. That dude never stopped drumming or fluting.
It was Patterson. But okay, yeah, you look at Patterson.
He was fluting or drumming away.

Speaker 2 (53:32):
But it's a rank equivalent to private, right, So yeah,
he's wounded while he was rescue always so he tried
to rescue a fellow soldier.

Speaker 1 (53:40):
Nice look for them. He's the only a band guy.

Speaker 2 (53:43):
Oh, he's taking prisoner and held for a time at
Belle Isle and Libby Prison. After being released, he was
president at the Final Bell of Appomatics Courthouse along with
the rest of his regiment. He was mustard out with
this company on June twenty six, eighteen sixty five.

Speaker 1 (53:53):
Damn, this dude survived the war and everything. Look at
the good guy. Huh.

Speaker 2 (53:58):
Then he uh married and died in nineteen twenty two.
At the damn he was like eighty seventy five years old, dude,
nineteen twenty two. Man, he saw everything pretty much. He
went from horses to electricity and cars.

Speaker 1 (54:18):
Damn, that was crazy. Betto of Eldi.

Speaker 2 (54:26):
Took place June seventeen to eighteen sixty three in Loudon County,
Virginia as part of the Gettysburg Campaign. Late in the
spring of eighteen sixty three, tensions grew between the Union
commander Joseph Hooker and its Calvary commander, Brigadier General Alfred
Pleasanton because of the latter's inability to penetrate Major General
Jeb Stuart's calvary screen and gain access to the Shenandoah
Valley to locate the Army of Northern Virginia, which has

(54:47):
been been on the move since June third.

Speaker 1 (54:50):
Wow.

Speaker 2 (54:51):
June seventeenth, pleasant And decided to push through Stuart's screen.
To accompass his go he ordered Brigadier General David Gregg's
Division from Nassas Junction westward towards the Little River Turnpike
to Aldie. Aldie was tactically important in that near the village,
the Little River Turnpike intersected both the Ashby's Gap Turnpike
and the Snickers Gap Turnpike, which respectively led through Ashby's
Gap and Snicker's Gap of the Blue Ridge Mountain into

(55:13):
the valley.

Speaker 1 (55:14):
All right, all right, that very same morning, Colonel Mumford,
that sense was made for you. Did you go back
and edit this? I should have. Colonel Mumford led the
second and third Virginia Cavaly eastward across the Louden Valley
from Upperville Upperville to the hell of a name, through

(55:35):
Middleburg Upperville. There a lower Burg or something or that
very same morning, Colonel Mumford led the second third Virginia
Cavary eastward across the Louden Valley from Upperville through Middleburg
to eld.

Speaker 2 (55:47):
And Loudon is in their racetrack there. Yeah, if that's
the same one, it's on Virginia. So Louden is in
New Hampshire, well close enough, right.

Speaker 1 (55:59):
Any and they did this on the Bowl Run Mountains.
They did that for a reconnaissance and Ford's mission good
for them. He established the line of Pickets and ld
to watch for enemy activity, and where drew his two
regiments northwest of town on the Snickers Gap Turnpike to
camp on the farm of Franklin. Carter went to Franklin

(56:19):
didn't like that they're in Virginia, so he probably did.
Right about two pm, Brigadier General Griggs advance column of
the second and fourth New York six o'hio, first Main,
First Rhode Island, First Massachusetts, under the command of Brigadier
General Judson Kilpatrick. They arrived in the ld Well just
west of the village.

Speaker 2 (56:38):
The First Massachusetts encountered Muntfort's pickets and drove them back.
Around the same time, the rest of Muntford's brigade, which
was the first fourth Fifth Virginia Cavalry under the command
of Colonel WILLIAMS. Carter Wickham, arrived at Dover Mills, which
was a small hamlet on Little River west of Aldi.
Wickham ordered Colonel Thomas J. Rosser to take the Fifth
Virginia to locate a campsite closer to Eldi. As they
moved east, they ran into the Massachusetts man and easily

(57:00):
drove them back through Eldi to the main Union body.
After positioning as sharpshooters fifty men of Company one under
Captain Ruben Boston, he did those east of william Adam Farmhouse.
Rosser deployed west along a ridge that covered the two
roads leading out of Eldi and awaited the arrival of
the Federals as well as Munford and Wickham all Right

(57:21):
well as Roser went drew west the first Massachusetts with
aid from the fourth New York.

Speaker 1 (57:27):
They chodged against what they believed to be a retreat
rousers line held any mounted a counter charge in concert
with a sharp volley from the sharpshooters he had placed
on his left, and easily drove the Federals back, securing
his hold on the Ashpy's Gap Turnpike. Good for Roger
Roger clearly Rosser Rosser. Kilpatrick from the north then turned

(57:50):
his attention towards the Snicker's Gap Turnpike and artillery duel
ensued in. More cavalry on both sides soon arrived. A
furious fight erupted, which at first went in the favor
of Munford, as the Federal charges were mets stopped and
then forced back by the withering volley of sharp shoos
entrenched along a stone wall.

Speaker 2 (58:09):
First Massa Jesse's Gallery was trapped in a blind curve
on the Snicker's Gap Turnpike and was destroyed, losing one
hundred and ninety eight of two hundred and ninety four
men and the eight companies that were engaged. One detachment
under Henry Lee Higginson was virtually wiped out in hand
to hand fighting. Tide finally turned as Union reinforcements charged
into the fray and the fading light and the sixth
Ohio Oberrand Boston's detachment on the Ashby's Gap Turnpike, capturing

(58:32):
or killing most of his men fighting down, died down
around eight pm as Munford withdrew his command west towards Middelburg.
Munford did not consider it ld a defeat because withdrawals
coincided with an order from Stuart to retire. He's like
Stewart told me to anyways, as more Federal cavalry had
been sighted at Middelburg. Union casualties are about three hundred
and five dead and wounded, with Confederates losing between one teen.

(58:56):
Aldy was the first in a series of small battles
along to Ashby, get apstern Blake, in which Stuart's forces
successfully delayed Pleasanton's thrust across the Louden Valley, depriving him
of the opportunity to locate Lee's army well. Meanwhile, Luigi
Palma di Cesnola, which was colonel of the fourth New
York Calvary, was captured during the battle and sent to

(59:17):
Libby Prison until May of nine, eighteen eighteen sixty four.
He would be awarded the Medal of Honor for his
actions at the Battle of Aldie. Although not fully protected,
the battlefield remains largely intact. Aldie and it's mill look
as much as they look as look much as.

Speaker 1 (59:33):
They did during the time of the battle.

Speaker 2 (59:35):
Widening of US Route fifty has compromised a portion of
the battlefield along the Ashby's Gap Turnpike, though Stonewall and
farmsteads remain intact along the Snicker's Gap Turnpike as well,
which is present day Route seven point thirty four.

Speaker 1 (59:47):
Beautiful at the site of the stone wall along the
Blind Curve where the First Massachusetts was decimated, a monument
was erected by the survivors and it stands to honor
the service during the battle. Obviously eight to May twenty twelve,
Government Bob McDonald announts the preservation of a five acre
site to be purchased by the Civil War Trust.

Speaker 2 (01:00:08):
Government MacDonald Governor Bob McDonald.

Speaker 1 (01:00:18):
Yeah five acres preservation by the Civil War Trust and
later to be operated as a passive historic interpretative site
by the Park Authority Cool Interpretive Site. The land is
along the louden Fockwire County border and was key to
the June seventeenth to twenty first eighteen sixty three battles
of ld Middleburg and Upperville. The Civil War Trust and
its partners have acquired and preserved six hundred and five

(01:00:41):
acres of the battlefield and four different acquisitions since two
thousand and one. Cool for them.

Speaker 2 (01:00:51):
It's going to lead us strictly into the Battle of Middleburg,
which took place June seventeenth through the nineteenth in the
same county as part of that Gettysburg campaign. Now established
his headquarters at Middleburg and scattered his brigades throughout the
Laudon Valley to watch for enemy activity. Early in the morning,
Colonel Alford and Daffy with.

Speaker 1 (01:01:08):
The little line above the east.

Speaker 2 (01:01:10):
So, however, you, duff Hey def a French born officer,
had taken the two hundred and eighty men of the
First Road Island Cavalry westward from the Army of the
Potomac's camp near Centerville. Pleasanton had ordered him to camp
at Middleburg that evening, then proceeded the next day towards
Nolan's ferry, extending his march to the west as far
as Snickersville was this this place, are we in Walke's

(01:01:31):
freaking factory. Duffy cross the Bowl Run mountains at Thoroughfare
Gap at nine thirty am, easily pushing aside pickets from
John R. Chambliss's brigade.

Speaker 1 (01:01:40):
Confederate commanders could not believe that a small Union regiment
would dare to travel so deep into animated territory without
an escort. Chambers for the South did not aggressively attack,
fearing that the column was advanced element of much larger
enemy force. Duffy continued on his isolated march, turning north
by eleven am and heading to Middleburg as ordered, Arriving

(01:02:01):
there by four pm. Duffy drove into the few Confederate
pickets deployed there and disrupted Stuart's evening of socializing with
local ladies. Stuart's man, Stuart and his staff quickly retreated
to Rector's Crossroads. He was going to somebody Else's, the
location of his closest brigade oh.

Speaker 2 (01:02:19):
He then ordered Beverly Robertson to move immediately to Middleburg
to crush the Union calvary. Duffy barricaded the streets of
Middelburg and dismounted half of his regiment behind stone walls
and sent for help from Judson Kilpatrick's briade near Eld.
About seven pm, Stuart's tack routed the vastly outnumbered Rhode Islanders.
Many of Duffy's men were captured. The next morning, as
Chamlis cut off their escape route. The Parisian colonel He's

(01:02:41):
from Paris finally returned to the centerville with only four
officers in twenty seven mins.

Speaker 1 (01:02:47):
Oh Man.

Speaker 2 (01:02:47):
A few stragglers eventually rejoined the shattered remnants of the regiment,
and Duffy would never ever again serve with the Army
of the Potomac, although he did command Calvary and other
Union armies. Ughnon Casualty's down this day he was, which
was July seventeenth, were reported as two hundred and fifty total.

Speaker 1 (01:03:04):
Man, Oh Jeb Stewart. Everybody's like they keep on coming. Well,
he's about to have a major setback, Old jebbis literally
in the next battle. Well after the Battle of Aldi,
Stuart remained on the defensive. Wanting to spoil any Federal
attempts to force the passes in the Blue Ridge Mountains.
Pleasanton tentatively sent probes towards Ashby and Snickers Caps. He

(01:03:28):
did that on nope. On June eighteenth, David Gregg ran
into Confederate pickets around Middleburg. Stuart quickly fell back to
a commanding ridge west of town Fair in a trap
it cautious. Pleasanton ordered greg to withdraw to Aldi the
next day, and Greg again moved against Middleburg, sending the
brigades of his first cousin, Colonel j Irvin Gregg at

(01:03:50):
the rebels, while John Buford's division swung north towards Pothouse,
which is New Lisbon, Oh Well.

Speaker 2 (01:03:55):
After flanking March, Beufford eventually occupied the ground around Pothouse,
pushing back to regiments of William Grumble Jones's brigade in
a mild skirmish. After a hard fight, Declear and reinforced
pickets from Middelburg. Colonel Greg was so impressed by the
Confederate position on the high ground beyond the town.

Speaker 1 (01:04:09):
That he asked for support before attacking. Right, that's cool.

Speaker 2 (01:04:16):
Kilpatrick sent two regiments to help extend the Federal line,
and Greg slowly advanced. Temperature hovered around ninety eight degrees
throughout the afternoon, sapping men and horses of energy and
at horses an the name of a band, Men and horses?

Speaker 1 (01:04:31):
Oh yes, well, not a band, not a band. They're singers.
I doubt any of them play instruments.

Speaker 2 (01:04:38):
A series of Union charges finally forced Stuart's horse horse
artillery to withdraw, and then his cavalry as well, several
of Confederate countertacks failed to regain control of the ridge.
Stuart's withdrawn a lot here.

Speaker 1 (01:04:51):
Yeah. Late in that very day, Beauford sent the United
States Reserve Brigade back from the pothouse, and the second
and sixth US Cavary Regiment seized a hotly contested hill
south of the tiny village of Millville Millville. As darkness fell,
Stuart was forced to abandon his position, falling back along

(01:05:11):
Turnpike to Stone Walls, behind a ravine along a stream
known as Kirk's Branch to speak, Kirk's Creek, right, Kirk's
Country Creek. Yes, they still cautious pleasants and refused to
follow up his success. And or that's the Union's album.
They they never want to chase ope, And he ordered

(01:05:31):
his men to rest and send out pickets. Union losses
in the nineteenth of June fight were reported as sixteen killed,
forty six wounded, thirty seven missing. Jeb Stewart's loss perhaps
forty men, including his chief of staff and friend, Prussian
cavalier Heroes von his name is Heroes Nice Heroes von Bork,
who was badly wounded by a bullet in the neck well.

Speaker 2 (01:05:53):
Though he survived and returned his service to following spring,
the bullet remained in his body for the rest of
his life, and the lingering wound would altimate result in
his death from sepsis in eighteen ninety five.

Speaker 1 (01:06:01):
That's a hell of a time.

Speaker 2 (01:06:05):
He gets septis thirty five years after right Civil War
trusts then its partners have acquired and preserved five acres
it's for the battlefield. Middleburg is one of the most
picturesque towns in North Virginia and features many buildings that
existed during.

Speaker 1 (01:06:17):
The war and were used as hospitals. Really.

Speaker 2 (01:06:22):
The town is at the heart of the John Singleton
Moseby Heritage Area, and an interpretive center at the Rector House,
four miles west of town tells the story of the
Moseby's Rangers of the Competitive Army.

Speaker 1 (01:06:32):
Good for them. I was reading a story today. I
fed this guy's name was Jacob something. But he got
shot in the forehead. Yeah, he said that, uh, And
and his eye came out of side and he put
his heran it. He bandaged his face up and they
only removed half the bullet, and the rest of the
half fell out years later, and he still had a
hole in the middle of his freaking head and forehead
and he lived to be almost ninety years old. Freaking crazy.

Speaker 2 (01:06:58):
Yeah, everybody thought he was dead, right, and then he
gets up and he's.

Speaker 1 (01:07:03):
Like, he's like, oh my eyes out, and I got
a bullet the minimum of forehead. Oh my, that's crazy.

Speaker 2 (01:07:09):
He said that he saw the the rebel point the
gun right at him and then boom the gold dent
this forehead that.

Speaker 1 (01:07:19):
Either didn't have enough powder or probably not enough powder
trying to get in there, and they're spilling all that
powder something. But lucky son of a bitch. Though the
forehead is pretty one of the strongest part of your skull.

Speaker 2 (01:07:31):
Lucky some bitch.

Speaker 1 (01:07:32):
That's why you always get cuts in the back of
your head or top. Clearly right, you don't get cushions
spreading misinformation there, Oh you do, but it takes a
lot more unless you're houses, say gold work would beg
to differ on that one. Yeah, but he was in
on top, he wasn't hitting forehead. Whatever.

Speaker 2 (01:07:57):
Had him right back to Louding County because Jeb's to
We were still trying to deter Old Pleasanton from getting
the main body of Robert E. Lee's army, which that
much was in the Shenandoah Valley just west of the
small village of Upperville, and this takes place June twenty first.
Stewart had slowed the Federals and fighting at Aldi in Middleburg,
which we just did using ravines, creeks, and stone walls

(01:08:19):
to his advantage as he.

Speaker 1 (01:08:20):
Slowly withdrew westward. Following the fighting at Middleburg on the
twelfth and Oak the nineteenth of June, a heavy rainstorm
during the night soaked the Loudon Valley and in a
six week drought. In the downpour, Wade Hampton's brigade of
the Confederate Calvary had reinforced Jeb Stewart and was deployed
near Beverly. Robertson's brigade Beverly named Beverly for a guy

(01:08:41):
along to Ashby's Gap turnpike. John R. Chambliss. Chambliss's brigade
moved northward and joined Grumble Jones near Unison, Virginia. First
time we heard grumble Jones he was in the other battle.
Thomas T. Munford's brigade was still farther north, guarding access
to Snickersville Gap. John Moseby's partisan rangers scouted the Union

(01:09:02):
positions and provided much need intelligence on their movements. Well.

Speaker 2 (01:09:06):
Then Union cavalry commander Alfred Pleasanton, frustrated by Stuart's excellent
uses of dismounted cavalry hiding behind stone walls. On June twentieth,
he asked four and received infantry support from Major General
George Mead's Fifth Corps. Pleasanton had still not located Lee's
main body, which was a task at the War Department
continued to prod him to accomplish. Trying to maneuver Stewart
out of position, he sent Judson kill Patrick Brigade along

(01:09:28):
the Ashby's Gap Turnpike, supported by Colonel Strong Vincent's That's
an Hell of a Name Brigade of Infantry, with David
Gregg's Cavalry Division in reserve and John Befrid's Division, would
try to turn the flank.

Speaker 1 (01:09:40):
Okay. Jeb Stewart, determined to rest his rare weary men
on the Sabbath, did not get his wish, though, as
Federal Artilly opened up on his position around eight am
on June twenty first, eighteen sixty three. After initially holding
off Kilpatrick's cavalry. Stewart, effectively using stone walls and steep
ravines and creeks, began to fall back under pressure from

(01:10:01):
the Union infantry. He made a stand west of the
hamlet of Rector's Crossroads along the stone bridge over Goose Creek.
For two more hours. He was able to with stand
repeated Federal attacks from mounted cavalry, as well as sixteenth
Michigan Infantry, which sent skirmishers and sharpshooters forward to pick
off the Confederate gunners.

Speaker 2 (01:10:19):
Well ahead of the advance in Union soldiers, the Confederate
artillery men hooked up their guns to their teams and
raced off, but a Blakely rifle flipped over as its
crewed Harry to get away.

Speaker 1 (01:10:27):
The gun was captured.

Speaker 2 (01:10:28):
And get this, this was the first artillery priest ever
lost by Stuart's Calvary.

Speaker 1 (01:10:32):
Oh shit yeah.

Speaker 2 (01:10:33):
However, though with two of his three remaining guns soon
also disabled, he withdrew and headed westward towards Upperville, still fighting.
Delaying actions were favorable.

Speaker 1 (01:10:42):
Jeez yeah. John Beefford's Federal column had detoured to attack
the new Confederate left flank near Upperville, while John jay
Noe while Jade, Irvin Greggs, and Judson. Kilpatrick's brigade advanced
from the east along Dashby's Gap turn bike Beuford soon
encounted Nared, Grumble, Jones and Chambles's Confederate brigades escorting Stuart'

(01:11:03):
supply train just north of Upperville, and they attacked. Meanwhile,
Kilpatrick's troopers attacked Hampton and Robertson on a ridge line
east of the Upperville known as Vineyard Hill. Some of
the Unioncavary men made it as far as the village
before being repulsed.

Speaker 2 (01:11:18):
After Ferris mounted fighting. Stuart finally withdrew to take a
strong defensive position in Ashby's Gap, even as Confederate infantry
began crossing the Potomac Potomac into Maryland. As Calvary skirmish
and diminished in the next few days, Stuart made the
fateful decision to strike east and make a circuit of
the Union army as it marched towards Getty's oh Man.
Upperville was significant in that Stuart's successful delaying tactics prevented

(01:11:41):
Pleasanton from making an accurate assessment of location of Lee's
infantry divisions, thereby depriving the Federals of much value intelligence
of their enemies, whereabouts and objectives. Civil War Trusts and
its partners have preserved eight hundred and six acres of
the battlefield by exhibition or conservation easement. All right, after

(01:12:04):
that metal Upperville, we move on to the Medal of
Fairfax Courthouse, taking place on June twenty seventh between the
between two cavalry detachments from both armies. So after Upperville
Stewart he sought to take a useful role in the
campaign and perhaps, according to some historians, to redeem his

(01:12:25):
reputation and to secure the glory of another ride around
the Union army. June twenty second, Lee gave Stuart the
discretionary orders for his movement to Pennsylvania, with the important
point being if you find that the enemy is moving
northward and that two brigades can guard the Blue Ridge
and take care of your rear, you can move with
the other three into Maryland and take position on General

(01:12:46):
Yule's right. Lee wrote to Sewart again on June twenty third,
and apparent effort to clarify his orders as follows. You will, however,
be able to judge whether you can pass around their
army without hindrance doing them all the damage you can
ross river east of the mountains. In either case, after
crossing the river, you must move on and feel the

(01:13:06):
right of Ewell's troops. Lee's order did not Stuart did
not give Stuart a specific.

Speaker 1 (01:13:12):
Route to follow.

Speaker 2 (01:13:13):
Confederate Colonel Edward Porter Alexander, chief of artillery of Longstreet's Corps,
he stated that Stuart made to Lee a very unwise proposition,
which Lee more unwisely entertained. Major John S. Moseby scouting
for Stuart with a small group of partisan rangers. He
told Stuart that he could cut through the separated Union corps,
cross the Potomac at Seneca Ford, twenty miles northwest of Washington,

(01:13:37):
and disrupt Hooker's communications and supplies, possibly even divert his
army towards the defense of Washington. Stuart was eager to
restore his reputation after being surprise and evenly fought at
Brandy Station in Upperville. After Moseby reported that Hooker did
not seem to be moving June twenty fourth, Stewart used
the discretion in his orders to follow Moseby's advice and
attempt to ride through and around the Union Army, and,

(01:14:00):
as he said, thereafter to meet Yule at York. Pennsylvania
historian Edwin B. Coddington he said, the directive to damage
the unionforces on the way was an invitation to delay,
taking his three most experienced brigades under brigadier Generals Wade
Hampton and Fitzhugh Lee, and Colonel John Chambliss in temporary
command of Rooney Lee's brigade because he had been wounded

(01:14:21):
Stewart he left the brigades of brigader Generals Beverly Robinson
and Grumble Jones with all but one of his artillery
batteries to guard the mountain passes and to catch up
with the infantry after the uniforces had departed. After spending
June twenty fourth in preparation and concentrating his forces at Salem,
Stewart he started for Haymark at Virginia by way of
Glascock Gap in the Bow Mountains Well Run Mountains June

(01:14:44):
twenty fifth. Before reaching his objective Stewart, he ran in
the Union Major General Winfield Scott Hancock's second Corps. He
fired a few artillery shells, then withdrew. Then he sent
Fitzhugh Lee's brigade to Gainesville, Virginia, and stopped at Buckland,
Virginia with his other two brigades in order to allow
his horses to graze that they had no forage. The
incident with Hancock's Corps prevented Stuart from meeting again with Moseby,

(01:15:07):
and instead of turning back to catch up but the
infantry as quick as possible, Stuart waited for Mosby for
ten hours June twenty sixth, then marched for twenty miles
and again gras his horses near woof Run Shoals, which
is on the Occoquan River, before moving on towards Fairfax
Station early June twenty seventh. Back on June twenty sixth,
US War Department ordered Colonel James B. Swain of the

(01:15:28):
eleventh Regiment, New York Volunteer Calvary, which was part of
the twenty second Corps, the Union Army station in Washington,
DC Defenses. He ordered them to send a squad of
troops to scout in the vicinity of Centreville, Virginia, and
to guard any remain in army supplies at Fairfax Courthouse.
Swayin he sent the Regiment's B and C companies eighty
two enlisted men and Captain Alexander Campbell, first Lieutenant Albert Holmes,

(01:15:51):
Second Lieutenant Augustus Hazelton, and first Lieutenant George Dagwell, which
were all under the command of Major Seth. Pierre Remington
on the mission the detachment. The detachment left the same afternoon,
and by ten PM the troops were camped at Fairfax Courthouse,
which the Union Army.

Speaker 1 (01:16:09):
Had left the day before.

Speaker 2 (01:16:11):
Fires of coffee and bacon from the Union Army depot
were burning when the squad arrived, and.

Speaker 1 (01:16:15):
The men saw that they decided must be local citizens.
Examining the area and scavenging. During the night.

Speaker 2 (01:16:23):
Early June twenty seventh, the New York troops left for Centreville.
They watered their horses at a small stream crossing the
road just outside of Fairfax Courthouse, which would be the
scene of some action when they returned. Upon their arrival
at Centerville about ten am, they found some Union Army
hospital supplies, which they inventoried and put in the care
of a local storekeeper. The soldiers thought they had seen

(01:16:45):
mounted men in the woods in the direction of Fairfax
Station at this time, as Well. When they started their
return trip, the cavalrymen came under fire from the woods
about three miles from the courthouse. Major Remington sent two
squads of four dismounted men into the woods to investigate.
One of the men's horses bolted and.

Speaker 1 (01:17:01):
Started to run towards Fairfax's courthouse.

Speaker 2 (01:17:04):
Lieutenant Dagwell pursued the warnaway horse and met the advance
guard of four men of the detachment just outside their
old camp, where they found citizens loading wagons with everything
of value that had not been removed or burned by
the Union army and their moved north. As Lieutenant Dagwell
found the horse entering the courtyard of the courthouse, he
saw that the yard was filled with what he asked
meated it to be about sixty five Confederate troops. Believing

(01:17:25):
the Confederates must be some of Major John Mosby's partisans,
Dagwell turned his horse and fled as the Confederates fired
at him. When he returned to the area of the
stream crossing the road into town and the rest of
the New York troops came up, they found Confederates were
drawn up in line in the woods upup a ravine
across the stream outside of town. Dagwell's company under fire,
but with no one hit, he charged the Confederates, sending

(01:17:48):
them retreating down the road to the Fairfax Station. Dagwell
homes and a few troops. They pursued the last of
the fleeing Confederates, killing one and capturing a few others.
One half mile east of Fairfax Station, Stuart's staff officers
Major Andrew Reid Venable, Major Henry B. McClellan, and Captain
John Easton Cook or Eston Cook, along with a carrier.

(01:18:11):
They were eating breakfast at the house of the blacksmith,
who was shoeing their horses. They were then disturbed by
some of the eleventh New York Calvary men running by
the road. Cook did not immediately flee because he wanted
to have his horses shoed. When a second group from
the eleventh New York Cavalry approach, Cook barely escaped. Continuing
in his pursuit, Dagwell came to the crest of a
hill near Fairfax Station, where the road led down to

(01:18:32):
Fairfax Station, Okay, and where a group where a few
Union troops had outpaced him, had halted. They saw that
Dagwell estimated was at least two thousand Confederate troops and
an artillery battery. The New Yorkers had come upon Stuart's
force on their way north. Dagwell then realized that the
small force they had driven from Fairfax Courthouse was not
a group of most of these men's but it was

(01:18:54):
the advance guard of at least an entire Confederate brigade.
Dagwell then sent a sojier with the I was just
looking horse back to tell Remonton of the situation and
that he and the eight men with him would return
as soon as their horses could recover from their just
completed pursuit. Dagwell and his eight men had to rest
their horses, but Dagwell could see the Confederates mounting up

(01:19:14):
only about six hundred yards from a small squad. Before
the old rebels could approach Dagwell and his men, Major
Remington appeared with the rest of the detachment. When informed
of the situation, Rempton did not try to flee, Buddy
ordered his men in line at the crest of the
hill where Dagwell had viewed the two thousand man Confederate force. Meanwhile,
Stuart had heard about the encounter with the staff officers.
He ordered Brigadier General Wade Hampton the Third to bring

(01:19:37):
up the lead regiment quickly to meet the threat. The
advanced unit of the Confederates, which was the first North
Carolina Cavalry, and then came over the hill and moved
it within thirty yards of the Union line, but did
not move further despite orders which Dagwell could hear. When
the Union troops did not surrender after about fifteen seconds,
the opposing forces began to shoot at each other. Major

(01:19:58):
Remington then ordered a squad to charge the Confederate force,
which Dagwell had just told him must be an entire
regata Confederate cavalry and had correctly estimated as being a
minimum of two thousand men. The advanced Confederates broke into
the woods and Dagwell fouled, only to soon find that
he was alone. When it came out to the point
that New Yorkers had formed their line, he found only

(01:20:19):
five Union men, but also saw several dead and wounded Confederates,
including a dead Confederate major beside the road. Major John Whittaker,
commander of the first North Carolina Cavalry, was killed during
the action Sergeant Charles Hartwell. He stated that the New
Yorkers killed five Confederates took fourteen prisoners. Hartwell soon found
himself with about a dozen men, which included Major Remonton.

(01:20:39):
Cut off from the other Union troops, Remonton and a
few others, including Sergeant Morris, in the face of overwhelmen numbers.
They had retreated from nearby hill to reach Remonton, which
had moved most of the men after their initial charge.
When he saw the Union movement, Hampton thought they were
trying to position themselves to attack the rear of his force,
and sent a squadron to outflank them, virtually surrounding the

(01:21:00):
majority of the Union men. Sergeant Morris shot a Confederate
officer who assaulted Major Remonton during the melee. During the
fight for escape of the New Yorkers not trapped on
the hill. After desperate fighting with pistols and sabers, Remonton
determined the situation was hopeless and ordered the men with
him to withdraw. Remonton Captain Campbell nine men included Sergeant Hartwell.

(01:21:23):
They all escaped along the railroad to a road that
led to Annandale, Virginia. After a brief encounter with a
squad of Confederate Calvary along the way, Remington and his
party reached to Alexander, Virginia and Washington, DC. Defenses historian
Robert O'Neill. He states that at least three the Union
troopers were killed, one mortally wounded, fourteen wounded and captured,

(01:21:45):
nineteen captured, and four seriously wounded and left at a
nearby home. The walking, wounded and able bodied were taken
along by the Confederates as prisoners. Meanwhile, Lieutenant Dagwell soon
determined that they were cut off from the main body
of the detachment and had no choice but to retreat.
After withdrawing from the area of the fight, Dagwell and
his small group they headed for Fairfax Courthouse, picking up

(01:22:07):
another eleven New York calvarymen plus a few prisoners whom he.

Speaker 1 (01:22:11):
Had been left to guard.

Speaker 2 (01:22:13):
After a brief fright, the Union troops scattered five or
six confeeders who came upon them. With about eight men
and five prisoners, Dagwell headed out on the road to Washington,
arriving at Annandale, Dagwell was wounded in an unsuccessful effort
to evade capture, and he and as many as eighteen men,
including some of you, had picked up along the way.
They were captured by men of FITZI Lee's brigade, which

(01:22:34):
had detached from Stuart's other two brigades to proceed up
to Orange and Alexandria Railroad and capture supplies. Lee's brigade
also captured a settler's wagon train and more prisoners at Annandale,
Saint Sugar's final headquarters before his departure from Virginia was
at Fairfax Courthouse. Stuart's men took consideral mounto supplies still
intact there. This allowed Stuart's men to profit a profitably

(01:22:58):
plunder the Union Army depoet for Fairfax Courthouse, which included
two warehouses and a settler's wagon. After the end of
the engagement, after his men had eaten and arrested for
one or two hours, Stewart he got his men back
on the move towards Strainsville, Virginia. He then sent a
letter to General Lee about the action at the courthouse
and the direction of march of Hooker's Army. Although a
copy of the letter reached the Confederate War Department at Richmond,

(01:23:20):
the meshots never ever reached. Generally, the fight at the
courthouse had delayed Stewart by almost an additional half a day.
Lieutenant Dagwell commented that the fight at Fairfax was another
lesson to the Confederates.

Speaker 1 (01:23:32):
From June of eighteen sixty three that Union troops are
ready to dispute with them.

Speaker 2 (01:23:36):
He and Sergeant Morris commented on the delay caused the
Stewart by the action and its effect as on his
late arrival at Gettysburg well good for them. After resting
for several hours at Fairfax Courthouse, Stewart he moved on
to Drainsville, where fitz Hugh Lee's Brigade Jery rejoined him.
He then decided to cross the Potomac that night at
rousers Ford. Because of the higher than normal water level,
the Confederate crossing was not completed until three am, June

(01:23:59):
twenty eighth. From Union prisoners captured at the Chesapeake and
Ohio Canal just north of the river Stuart, he learned
that Hooker had been at Poolsville, Maryland, fifteen miles of
the west, on the previous day, and that the Army
of the Potomac was headed north towards Frederick, Maryland. From
this intelligence, he realized he should attempt to join Ule
as soon as possible. Stuart nonetheless delayed his ride to

(01:24:20):
capture a Union Army wagon train near Rockville, Maryland, and
to take additional prisoners, including a few fugitives from the
Old eleven New York. He proceeded another ten miles to Brookville,
Maryland that day, and that's where he really realized that
the prisoners would further delay and burden his men on
the move if he continued to take him along. So
at Brookville June twenty eighth, before the Confederates paroled the prisoners,

(01:24:42):
Stuart interrogated one of them from the eleven New York
asking how many men had made the charge. He was
truthfully told that it was a single squadron and was
not part of Pleasanton's command. Stuart reportedly responded, and you
charged my command with eighty two men. Give me five
hundred such men, and I will charge through the Army
of the Potomac with them. Stewart also approached Lieutenant Dagwell

(01:25:02):
during the interrogation in an effort to discover whether Captain Campbell,
who reportedly had threatened to execute Confederate prisoners was among
the eleven New York. During the nither of June twenty
eight and into the early morning of June twenty ninth,
Stewart's Adjudant General and Chief of Staff, Major Henry McClellan,
and other staff officers spent time and energy parole and prisoners,
including those from the eleven New York. On the even

(01:25:24):
of June twenty ninth, Sewarts advance party, which was the
fourth Virginia Volunteer Cavalry Regiment. They chased two companies of
the first Delaware Calvary Regiment a long distance down the
road to Baltimore from Westminster, losing two lieutenants in the process.
June thirtieth, the riders leading Stuart's column saw a large
column of the Union cavaly across their path, encumbered by
the wagon train and some new prisoners. Stuart's vanguard class

(01:25:47):
with Union cavalry under the command of Brigadier General Judson
Kilpatrick at the Battle of Hanover, which we'll get to
near Hanover, Pennsylvania, and then we got a few more
battles before we reach ultimately Carlsburg, Gettysburg, and The account
published in Thomas West Smith's book in eighteen ninety seven.

(01:26:07):
Lieutenant Dagwell noted that the fight at Fairfax prevented Stuart
from crossing the Potomac June twenty seven, contributing to his
delay in rejoining the Army of Northern Virginia before the
Battle of Gettysburg. Historian Eric Wittenberg stated the brave, desperate,
and hopeless charge of the eleventh New York at Fairfax
Courthouse hindered Stuart for half a day. Because the Confederates
redefeated at Gettysburg, they sought to explain the defeat based

(01:26:29):
on their own failures and weaknesses. Stuart received more criticism
for his delay in rejoining the main body of the
Confederates than most other Confederate commanders for their failures. The
criticism came not just from civilians, but from his army
colleagues as well. On the other hand, modern historians Wettenburg
and Petruzzi, after examining Stuart's ride and how Robert E.

Speaker 1 (01:26:48):
Lee fought the Battle of Gettysburg.

Speaker 2 (01:26:51):
And admitted that any analysis based on Stuart's cavalry rejoining
the army earlier in the campaign was speculative, concluded that
the Confederates would have lost the battle, whether Stuart had
shown up earlier or not.

Speaker 1 (01:27:01):
Yeah, they were screwed.

Speaker 2 (01:27:03):
That Confederate officer later recounted, I think that, without exception,
the most gallant charge and the most desperate resistance that
we ever met from the Federal cavalry was at Fairfax,
when Stuart made a raid around the Union army just
before the Battle of Gettysburg. Okay, all right, that's going

(01:27:26):
to lead us to Corbett Charge, which was June twenty ninth,
the small little skirmish in Westminster, Maryland. On uh old Stuart,
He's back at it again. Stuart's three gades of cavalry,
after crossing the Potomac and threatening Washington and C. Washington,
D C, proceeded north towards Pennsylvania, east of the main
Confederate army and pursuing Union forces following loose constructions from

(01:27:47):
Confederate commander Robert Eley. Meanwhile, Company C and D of
the First Delaware They were sent from Baltimore to Westminster
to guard the Western Maryland railroad junction, and arrived the
day before the battle. The Delaware cavalry companies, total less
hundred and commanded by a major Napoleon Knight, had arrived
unaware of Stuart's and pendant approach, camped near the north
western end of town and found the town quiet. The

(01:28:09):
next day, some of the Union troopers decided to have
their horses reshot at a stable near the southern end
of town, and while there the first Competitt Calvary arrived
at the southern end of Westminster and captured those troopers.
Major Knight was absent then, so Captain Charles Corbett, one
of the contemporary one of the company commanders, rallied the
remaining troops and led a cavalry charge down Main Street
in Westminster towards Stuart's Calvary, meeting them at the intersection

(01:28:32):
with Washington Road. They were quickly defeated by the Confederates
and Captain Corbett, along with the other company commander, Lieutenant
Caleb Churchmen they were captured, along with more than half
the other Union troops. Two were killed, eleven wounded, Two
Competitate officers were killed, and ten more troopers were wounded.
One of the Confederate officers, Lieutenant John William Murray, Company

(01:28:53):
e fourth Virginia Calvary. He remains buried in the graveyard
of Ascension Episcopal Church.

Speaker 1 (01:29:00):
Just like Fairfax.

Speaker 2 (01:29:01):
This battle prompted Stewart's calvary to stay a night in Westminster,
delaying his arrival at Gettysburg and depriving Lea of important
intelligence about Union troop movements and leading him to commit
to fight in at Gettysburg.

Speaker 1 (01:29:12):
Two thousand and.

Speaker 2 (01:29:13):
Three to the city Westminster begin holding the commemoration of
Corbett charged during the last full weekend of June, which
has grown into a festival including Civil War reenactors, demonstrations,
museum tours, musical concerts and more.

Speaker 1 (01:29:31):
Moving on to the Battle of Hanover and It took
place on the thirtieth June eighteen sixty three, and Hanover,
of course southwestern York County, Pennsylvania. It's part of the
Gettysburg Campaign. Robert Lee moved his Northern Army of Virginia
northward in sixteen I mean sixteen and June of eighteen
sixty through the Shenandoah Valley towards Pennsylvania. Parts of his cavalry.

(01:29:51):
Portions of his cavalry under Jeb Stewart slipped eastward across
the paths of the Union Army of Potomac. A series
of rags in eastern Maryland netted prisoners and supplies, as
well as disrupting federal communications and telegraph lines.

Speaker 2 (01:30:05):
However, the old Stewart was not in position to effectively
screen Lee's advance or to provide intelligence on the movements
of the Federal army.

Speaker 1 (01:30:11):
What are you there for? He's screwing up big time.

Speaker 2 (01:30:14):
As Stewart headed north in an effort to linquid Lee,
Union cavalry commander Major General Alfred Pleasanton, righting towards Pennsylvania
to the west of Stewart, ordered his divisions to fan
out across a wide swath, keeping an eye out for
the ribs. Preeter General Judson and Kilpatrick's division was on
the Union right flank. The majority of his men passed
through Hanover early in the morning of June thirtieth, pausing
briefly for refreshments and to receive greetings of the jubilant townspeople.

Speaker 1 (01:30:35):
Oh well, the townspeople, they're like man, our town was
just raided three days ago. Where in hell are you
guys at? Then? Right? Confederate Lieutenant Colonel Elijah White's cavalry,
attached to Major General Jewbill earlies anyware having that guy? Oh,
he'll played pretty big park coming up in eighteen sixty four. Well,
they're attached to Early's division that had occupied York County. Whitess,

(01:30:55):
Virginians and Marylanders had followed the railroad to Hanover from
nearby Giurg Damn. The Confederates had a Maryland h regiment
thing crazy and taking horses, food supplies, clothing, shoes, and
other desire items from the townspeople, like we wanted all,
we want this handkerchief, often paining with valueless Confederate money

(01:31:18):
or drafts on a Confederate government. They're like, will we
give you this? Don't I go to know of that?
I'll take pesos right. White's raiders had destroyed the area's
telegraph wires, cutting off communications with outside wild before sacking
the nearby Hanover Junction train station. The unexpected arrival killed
Patrick's columns from the north was a pleasant surprise to

(01:31:40):
the residence of Hanover, who warmly agree to the Union
soldiers with food and drink. What we got left right
almost kill.

Speaker 2 (01:31:46):
Patrick's men remounted and passed through town, heading northward towards
the nearby Pigeon Hills towards Abbott's Town. He left behind
a small rear guard to force a small rear guard
force to pick up the road south and west of Hanover.
In the meantimes, too, had left his billet at Shriver's
Corner and Maryland was proceeded northward across the Mason Dixon
line into Pennsylvania. Here in that Federal cavalry has been

(01:32:07):
spotted near his intended destination, which was Littlestown, Pennsylvania.

Speaker 1 (01:32:11):
He instead turned towards Hanover and at Jason, York County, oh.

Speaker 2 (01:32:15):
His progress was slowed considerably by a cumbersome train of
over one hundred and twenty five heavily laiden supply wagons
that he captured near oh. It's his train that he
captured near Rockville, Maryland. In addition, he had skirmish with
Delaware cavalry on June twenty ninth at Westminster, Maryland, further
delay in him.

Speaker 1 (01:32:30):
The studt's always getting the late right.

Speaker 2 (01:32:32):
Shortly before am one hundred and twenty five cars of
supplies and shit that he took.

Speaker 1 (01:32:36):
Yeah, that's pretty sweet. Shortly before ten am on the
thirtieth of June eighteen sixty three, the rear guard of
the eighteenth Pennsylvania Cavalry encountered Confederate Vedetts about three miles
southwest of Hanover at Gits Mill and ensuing exchange of
small arms fire and Confederate cavery, men died and several
were wounded. Sotly after weights, twenty five men from Company
G of the eighteenth Pennsylvania were captured by the thirteenth

(01:32:58):
Virginia from John jamb Brigade, the vanguard of Stewart's oncoming cavalry.
Also that morning, a series of minor engagements occurred near
Littlestown and elsewhere along Stewart's path and elsewhere. At Elsewhere
and others.

Speaker 2 (01:33:13):
Southwest of Hanover, at a tiny hamlet now known as Pennville,
the second North Carolina Cavalry struck the eighteen Pennsylvania's main
column and split it in two.

Speaker 1 (01:33:22):
Union survivors retired.

Speaker 2 (01:33:23):
In disorder through the streets of Hanover just as Stuart's
horse artillery arrived, unlimbered and opened fire. As the Confederates
occupied the town. In the wake of the flea in Pennsylvanians,
General Farnsworth wheeled the fifth New York Cavalry into position
near the town's commons and attacked the rebel flank and
the streets, forcing the tar heels to abandon their brief
hold on the town. The commander of the well, So
what are they going to change that?

Speaker 1 (01:33:44):
All right? The commander of the second North.

Speaker 2 (01:33:46):
Carolina, William Henry Fitzhugh Payne, was captured under our after
his dying horse pitched him into a nearby tanning bath.
A Union soldier pulled paint out and took him prisoner.

Speaker 1 (01:33:55):
Yeah, that's more of chan it was.

Speaker 2 (01:33:59):
It pitched him into a nearby tanning vat. So it's
like the stuff they used to tan and raw hide
and stuff like that.

Speaker 1 (01:34:08):
Right, that sucks, and he's gotta look like a right,
like there's a leather. As more of Chambliss's men and
General Stewart arrived on the scene, they were met by
additional Federals near the sprowling Carl Forny farm just south
of Hanover. Nearly surrounded in the confused fighting, Stuart and
a staff officer made their escape cross country through the

(01:34:30):
hedges bordering the country line the country lane, at one
point leaping their horses over a fifteen foot wide ditch. Damn,
that horse was scared too, you know I'd make that jump.
Hearing the unmistakable sound of distant gunfire. Judson Killpatrick race
towards Hanover with his horse dying in the town square

(01:34:54):
from the server's ride. Oh man, he's like, dude, you
just killed me. From the severe rid.

Speaker 2 (01:34:58):
From the servers ride, the young general begin to deploy
his men in and around Hanover barricade in some streets
of barrels. Okay, farm wagons, dry goods, boxes, and anything
else that might provide cover. Yeahcuse back then, big ass
crates all right, dry goods were coming in shortly before noon.
Fighting at the Forny farm seized as rebels broke off contact.

(01:35:20):
Kilpatrick position custers that Custer yeah newly right, I think right,
maybe his newly arrived brigade on the farm and awaited
developments when fitzhuw Lee's Virginia Brigade arrives to removed his
and chandlices men into a new position on a ridge
extending from the Keller Farm southwest of Hanover to Mount
Olivet Cemetery, southeast of towns like seventy thousand Mount Alibate

(01:35:41):
cemeteries in America, everywhere.

Speaker 1 (01:35:43):
It was ridiculous. Meantime, kill Patrick repositioned the brigades of
the newly promoted duo of Custer and Farnsworth. He did that,
all right. He did that to form a better defensive perimeter,
and then brought up his guns, Leaving the captured wagons
two miles south of town. Under heavy goud, Wade happed
to and at two PM his brigade and Breathhead's battery

(01:36:04):
into position near the Mount Olivet Cemetery on the extreme
right of Stuart's line. An artillery duel ensued for better
part of two hours, as opposing cannons hurled shells over
the town fragments, blasted holes in several houses, narrowly missing missed,
killing missus Henry Weinbrenner, Oh man, you want to do that?
And her very own daughter, who had just left their

(01:36:25):
balcony when a projectile came hurling towards them through the upstairs.

Speaker 2 (01:36:31):
During the prolonged artillery exchange, Custer's dismounted six Michigan move
forward within three hundred yards of Chambliss and the two
guns support in this line, Flankton, losing fifteen minutes prisoners.
The Wolverines tried again and succeeded its care in the
Littlestown Frederick Road which opened a line of communication with
the Union twelve Corps. Stewart and Kilpatrick made no further
aggressive moves, and both sides initiated a series of skirmishes

(01:36:52):
and minor probing actions.

Speaker 1 (01:36:54):
Disengaging slowly and protecting his captured wagons jib odes, Stuart
withdrew to the northeast through Jefferson towards York, known from
recent newspapers to the location of Early's division. En route,
Stuart heard at New Salem that Early's division had recently
left York and marched north Wesley through Dover. Stuart changed
courses and headed northward through the night on winding hilly

(01:37:15):
country roads, still trying to locate Early or even Lieutenant
Richard Ewell, thinking that Eule would still be towards the
Susquehanna River. He's like Ewels should be still by the
Susquehanna somewhere around there. Well.

Speaker 2 (01:37:28):
The head of the head of Stuart's seventeen mile long
column arrived in Over at two am.

Speaker 1 (01:37:32):
Seventeen miles that's ridiculous. Holy shit.

Speaker 2 (01:37:35):
They arrived in Over at two am in the morning
of July first, with the rearguard there by eight am.

Speaker 1 (01:37:39):
Holy shit.

Speaker 2 (01:37:39):
Would it took another six hours just for the rest
of US ship to get there. Wow, Stuart learned, How
the hell do you even know what's going on in
your back?

Speaker 1 (01:37:46):
Right? Only seventeen miles back? Stuart learned that Early had
passed through town and was heading westward. Oh, why hey,
leave some of your guys there and go find them.

Speaker 2 (01:37:56):
And send a telegrams this is where we are now,
right geeze? He learned that Early advasture Town I was
headed westward towards Shippingsburg. As the army concentrated, Stewart parodede
over two hundred Union prisoners and gave US troopers that
much needed six hour rest. While, unknown to Stuart, Major
General Henry Hess Confederate Infrygy Davision Major General Henry Hess

(01:38:16):
Competitor Infangy Division collided with Briger General John Bufford's Union.

Speaker 1 (01:38:20):
Calvary at Gettysburg.

Speaker 2 (01:38:22):
Stuart resumed his exhausting march through the afternoon and early
evening season over a thousand fresh horses from York County farmers.

Speaker 1 (01:38:28):
Diggs, I guess unless he left him theirs true. Leaving
Hampton's brigade in the wagons at Dillsburg, Stuart headed for Carlisle,
hoping fine Yule. Instead, Stuart found nearly three thousand Pennsylvania
New York militia in Borough. After lobbying a few shells
into the town during an early evening and burning Carlisle barracks,

(01:38:49):
Stuart withdrew after midnight to the south towards Gettysburg. The
fighting at Hanover, long march through York County with captured wagons,
and the brief encounter at car slowed Stuart down considerably.
He'd uh for his attempt to rejoin the main army
and locate Lee, which he's just trying to find these
guys everywhere. How do you not even know? The eyes

(01:39:12):
and ears of the Army of Northern Virginia had failed
Robert E. Lee once again.

Speaker 2 (01:39:18):
Losses at Hanover were relatively light in terms of couchges,
but the cost in time delaying Stuart from Lincoln with
Lee proved to be even more costly. Estimates barriers to
the number of men lost at Hanover, which the Union
losses and one source so let's sad as nineteen killed,
seventy three wounded, one hundred and twenty three missing for
total two fifteen eighteen Pennsylvania had suffered the most, with
three men killed, twenty four wounded, and fifty seven missing.

Speaker 1 (01:39:39):
Damn.

Speaker 2 (01:39:40):
On the Confederate side, Stewart's losses are generally estimated as
nine dead, fifty wounded, fifty eight missing, for a total
of one to seventeen.

Speaker 1 (01:39:47):
He was messing these Union guys up, though, yes, so.
Fighting hanover is commemorated by the picket. An impressive bronze
statue of a mounted cavalryman and I think they tried
taking it down or did take it down, com rates
all of the unnamed calvarymen whose names have been lost
to histories. Fighting a handover commemorated by the picket. An
impressive bronze statue of a mount calvaryman, sculpted by famed

(01:40:08):
Boston artist Cyrus E. Dollon, paid for by the State
of Pennsylvania. It was erected in the nineteen oh five
in the center of a square now at the Town Square.
Two bronze plaques installed by the federal government in nineteen
oh one bear inscriptions relating to the movements of the
Army of the Potomac on the thirtieth of June and
the first of July in eighteen sixty three. In addition,

(01:40:30):
a small number of artillery pieces are located on the
town square as well, including serial number one of the
parrot rifle, the original barrel mounted on a reproduction carriage.
That's awesome. Ohay, be awesome, so the first ever parrot rifle.
A wall plaque on a modern building, and a star
surrounded by four horseshoes installed in the sidewalk marked the

(01:40:51):
location of Custer's headquarters, and the Custer Maple, a prominent
tree used by the boy General to tether his horse,
Cute General the Bloyd General.

Speaker 2 (01:41:01):
Two thousand and five, the borough erected over a dozen
wayside markers at these spots along the city streets to
help interpret the battle for visitors, and three years later
the state added its own markers as part of the
Pennsylvania Civil War Trails initiative.

Speaker 1 (01:41:15):
However, much of the open area south of town.

Speaker 2 (01:41:17):
Including the Forny Farm where Custard advance, has been lost
to modern development, as has the once open hills a
half mile north of Hanover Center Square, where Kopatrick's artillery deployed.
Elder's battery of four cannons was deployed along what is
now Stock Street east of Carlisle Street, and Pennington's battery
was deployed along what is now.

Speaker 1 (01:41:34):
Four Street west of Carlisle Street. The York County History
Center and some local handover organization's sponsored guided tours of
the east sites.

Speaker 2 (01:41:42):
So go there to York County and visit the battle sites,
even though there's clearly not much done.

Speaker 1 (01:41:47):
There's nothing like you're walking down the street and there's
like a right eight or something. There was Philpatrick's, guys, Yeah,
here's the battle site for was that one SmackDown had
not too much longer or too much.

Speaker 2 (01:42:00):
Too long ago where the site of the battle was
like a shell, gas aventy shit.

Speaker 1 (01:42:07):
Whatever.

Speaker 2 (01:42:08):
Dude, I mean they could that could be a tourism spot.

Speaker 1 (01:42:11):
They're idiots.

Speaker 2 (01:42:12):
If I was running that shell, you put a bunch
of memorabilia in there.

Speaker 1 (01:42:15):
And Stupids.

Speaker 2 (01:42:22):
Sport and Hill was a relative. It was a relative
relatively small skirmers during the Gettysburg Campaign take place too
thirtieth eighteen sixty three at various locations, which is in
present day Camp Hill, East Pennsboro Township and then Hampton
Township in Cumberland County, Pennsylvania. It is known as the
northernmost engagement of Robert E. Lee's army in northern Virginia
during the war. Confederate at Lieutenant General Richard Huel had

(01:42:45):
led two phot divisions in a cavary brigade through Maryland
into Mechanicsburg, Pennsylvania, in late June eighteen sixty three, with
the intention of season the.

Speaker 1 (01:42:51):
State capital of Harrisburg. Mechanicsburg. They kind of think of
a better name, the Mechanicsburg. What was a mechanic?

Speaker 2 (01:43:00):
Sure, back in laden under.

Speaker 1 (01:43:02):
Vic wheels on the wagons.

Speaker 2 (01:43:04):
Yeah, when a blacksmith do that?

Speaker 1 (01:43:06):
Sure all right? Willdom mechanic be all right? However, however,
ule had been significantly delayed and crossing the rain swollen
Potomac River, which allowed time for the Union to respond,
pausing another day at Chambersburg. You will finally march northwards
through the Cumberland Valley towards Harrisburg. Let's go. Why is
everything in then? In Burgh, Pennsylvania, Vania's weird? In response

(01:43:28):
to Union Major General Darius and Couch, commanding the Department
of Susquehanna, he dispatched troops to the present day borough
of Camp Hill. If you guys know where that's at
located in Cumberland Valley, approximately two miles west of Harrisburg.
Saw you Harrisburg folks out there? Labourers hired by our
Couch quickly erected earthworks and fortifications along the western portion

(01:43:49):
of Bridgeport adjacent to camp Hill bridgeport Burg, and that'd
be weird Bridgeburgport Burg, bridge Perkport Burgh. This is the
two largest of these became known as Fort Couch and
Fort Washington.

Speaker 2 (01:44:04):
Eule's Cavalry up Agrade, under the Brigade under the command
of Brigador General Albert Jenkins, raided nearby Mechanicsburg on June
twenty eighth. That same evening, receiving the unexpected news that
the Federal Army of the Potomac was rapidly advancing through Maryland,
Roberty Lee was forced to consolidate his army in northern
Virginia towards Gettyburg Gettysburg to counter this new threat. As
a result, you will begin to withdraw and would never

(01:44:26):
realize the objective of taking Harrisburg. Oh so he's like, well,
can't take it now?

Speaker 1 (01:44:32):
Well, jankje You I think they knew who like Yule? No,
like Lee.

Speaker 2 (01:44:39):
And the Confederates knew that Gettysburg was gonna be so huge.
I mean, you got, yeah, two eighty thousand armies, so
it's just fucking about to just go at it. Once
Lee found out, he was like, oh man, it's gonna
be a monster. It's in the movie Gettysburg. Check it out.

Speaker 1 (01:44:54):
Jenkins briefly skirmished with the twenty second thirty seventh New
York Militia at Sporting Hill on the west side of
Camp Hill on the twenty ninth of June eighteen sixty three.
The Confederates used the barn of Johann's Elberly House, also
known as the McCormick House. They used that as cover
while engaging in the Union soldier's position along the Carlisle Pike.

(01:45:14):
The Confederates attempted to cross the Carlisle Pike and I'll
flanked the Union soldiers, but the Federals saw their maneuver
and stimmied their efforts. The Confederate soldiers began artillery fire
upon the Union position, which shot and shell around about
five PM. Just then, at that very moment, Lieutenant Perkins
of the Federal Army arrived with two cannons and began

(01:45:35):
firing upon the Everly House the barn oh you already
know wants those cans game. They're like, oh hm, well.

Speaker 2 (01:45:41):
The Federal's very first shot at the Barnes smashed through
the upper wooden structure and sent approximately fifty Confederate soldiers
running outside to their horse, and the Confederates withdrew in
the direction of car Aisle to rejoin Ewele's infantry for
the march southwards towards Heidlersberg and Gettysburg. These sixteen Confederates
from the sixteenth and thirty sixth Virginia Cavalry were killed
during the fight. In additional, twenty to thirty were wounded.
Union losses were only about eleven men wounded.

Speaker 1 (01:46:03):
Good for them, oh well. Some of this very badfield
was lost to development and the construction of Pennsylvania Route
five eighty one. A Pennsylvania Historical Museum Commission historical markert
denoting the skirmish exists at the intersection of thirty first
Street and Market Streets in camp Hill, but there's a

(01:46:24):
picture of that somewhere. The wooden part of the Eble Barn,
where the Confederate soldiers were positioned, was destroyed by a
tornado in twenty first of March nineteen seventy six, but
the Barnes Limestone Foundation still remains. Both the Everley barn
Foundation and the Everley House itself are still standing well,
the house too nice. They're preserved by real estate developer

(01:46:46):
Tom Gowen, who built the nearby Brambles apartment complex that
encircles the house. The mid.

Speaker 2 (01:46:58):
Ah which leads us to another little skirmish, which is
the Battle of car Isle, which we just heard about
on the same day as Gettysburg, so.

Speaker 1 (01:47:07):
Jeez.

Speaker 2 (01:47:08):
After Carlisle was settle the nineteenth or seventeen fifty one,
the Carlisle Barracks Military Post was established nearby in seventeen
fifty seven and had an Annebellum United States Army Cavalry school.
By June of eighteen sixty three, the Barracks Cavalry had
been withdrawn to Harrisburg, Okay.

Speaker 1 (01:47:23):
Twenty seventh of June eighteen sixty three, Confederate Lieutenant General
Richard Yule's second Corps of the Army of Northern Virginia
damn It stopped at Carlile en route to Harrisburg and
gathered supplies forage and find some food from the populace
you will as well as some of his I could
preach it you as well as some of his officers

(01:47:46):
had been stationed at Carlisle Barracks prior to the Civil War,
when they were still members of the United States Army.
He paused in Carlisle while sending his cavalry under Brigder
General Elbert Jenkins towards the Susquehanna River and Harrisburg. After
resting much of his Inmangery, he will move northward in
his quest to seize the state capitol. He said, you
can go get Gettysburg. I'm going to the state capitol. Baby. Ah. Yeah,

(01:48:09):
that was Harrisburg. Though still we won't make it.

Speaker 2 (01:48:12):
After the Confederates left in response to an order from
Lee to concentrate near Gettysburg, Carlisle was reoccupied by Major
General Baldy Smith of the Union and a small contingent
of the New York and Pennsylvania Militia from the Department
of Susquehanna, dispatched by the department commander, Major General Darius Couch,
thirty second and thirty third Pennsylvania Volunteer Militia, Landis's Philadelphia
Militia Artillery battery, and a company of the first New

(01:48:34):
York Cavalry formed Smith's Force there.

Speaker 1 (01:48:37):
S Smiths Smith. Late afternoon July first, eighteen sixty three,
Jeff Stewart led two brigades of cavalry at the end
of their raid into Maryland and Pennsylvania. He did this
to Carlisle to take look for supplies and to attempt
to assertion the whereabouts of emules troops.

Speaker 2 (01:48:54):
This Scott Stewart's mine everywhere I've been through the East
on a horse with no name.

Speaker 1 (01:49:05):
A third brigade, under Wade Hampton, remained behind in York
County to guard a train of one hundred and twenty
five captured federal supply wagons. Instead of finding you, Stuart
encountered Smith's Militiamen of the North, despite having a large
numeral eventage. Stuart's troops, who were too exhausted for my
month in a campaign and to attack the town outright.
They're like, dude, we finally found what we're looking for,

(01:49:26):
and we don't know what to do with that. So
Stuart initially feared that the enemy troops were veterans from
the Army of the Potomac.

Speaker 2 (01:49:33):
He was like, well, after learning that Smith's men were
only militia. Stuart sent Major Jeneral fitz Hugh Lee into
Carisle with a white flag, telling Smith to either evacuate
the town or to clear out the women and children.
Smith replied that he had already done the latter and
refused to surrender. So these women and children are gone,
let's have at it.

Speaker 1 (01:49:51):
Right.

Speaker 2 (01:49:52):
Stuart's horse artillery under Captain James Brethid then began bombarding
the town. After shelling Karl for several hours, Stuart received
word that fight and had broken out to the southwest
at Gettysburg between the main armies.

Speaker 1 (01:50:03):
He's like, oh shit.

Speaker 2 (01:50:05):
Unable to take the town by force, he disengaged, having
ordered his troops to set fire set on fire the
car al By barracks. His troops started moving towards the
fighting at Gettysburg about one am on July second, eighteen
sixty three. In addition to minimal Union in Confederate casualties,
a lumber yard and the town gas works were destroyed
after being set fire.

Speaker 1 (01:50:23):
That was a gas work.

Speaker 2 (01:50:25):
However, suete to lay at car Oo impacted his ability
to rendezvous with Lee's main army. Though oh dude, Stewart
has been just such a failure these last few weeks.
Gettysburg takes place July first to the third, and in
and around the town of Gettysburg. Obviously, the battle involved

(01:50:47):
the largest number of casualties of the entire war and
is often described as the worst turning point, with the
aforementioned Siege of Vicksburg happening at the same time. Shortly
after the Army of Northern Virginia won a major victory
over the Army of the Potomac at the Battle of
Chancellors Film a couple of months ago, Jenner Robert E.
Lee decided upon a second invasion of the North. The
first witch was unaccessible, unsuccessful when they lost the old

(01:51:10):
bloody Battle of Antietam, which to this point I think
is the largest, the bloodiest battle soil.

Speaker 1 (01:51:16):
All Right, so Pa Getty's by about to shatter that
invading the North would upset the Union's plans for the
summer campaign season, possibly reduce the pressure on the besieged
Confederate garrison at vicks Boy. Nope, the invasion would allow
Confederates to live off the bounty of rich northern farms
while giving war ravage Virginia a much needed rest. Virginia

(01:51:38):
was getting messed up. In addition, generally seven two thousand
man army could threaten Philadelphia, Baltimore, and Washington and possibly
strengthen the growing peace movement in the North. Oh the piece.

Speaker 2 (01:51:49):
Yeah, they want them to basically say, I surrender and
we're done with this sport because we're getting right this.

Speaker 1 (01:51:53):
Kid, and you can have Confederates and mob the Union. Yeah,
pretty much well.

Speaker 2 (01:51:58):
Thus, on June third, Lee's army began to shift northward
from Fredericksburg, Virginia. Following the death of Stonewall Jackson, Lee
reorganized the two large corps and a three new Corps
commanded by Lieutenant General James long Street, with the first
Corps Lieutenant General Richard s Ewell for the second Corps
and Lieutenant General Ap Hill that commanded the third. Both
Ewell and Hill, who had formerly reported to Jackson as

(01:52:20):
division commanders, were new to this level of responsibility. The
Calvary Division remained under Major General Jeb Stewart.

Speaker 1 (01:52:27):
This dude's tired. He's been all over the countryside traveling.
He's like, where are you leading? Jeez. The Union Army
of the Potomac, under Major General Joseph Hooker, consisted of
seven infantry Corps for now the cavalry Corps and Artillery
Reserve for a combined strength of more than one hundred
thousand men. The first major action of the campaign took
place on the ninth of June between Calvary forces at

(01:52:48):
Brandy Station, which we did near Carpepper, Virginia. The nine
five hundred Confederate Calvary men under Jeb Stewart were surprised
by Major General Elford Pleasanton's combined arms force of two
cavalry divisions, eight thousand troops and three thousand infantry. Wow.
But Jeb eventually repelled the Union attack. Yeah.

Speaker 2 (01:53:04):
Well that in Cacusa Battle, the largest predominantly cavalry engagement
of the war, proved for the first time that the
Union horse soldier was equivalent to his Southern counterparties.

Speaker 1 (01:53:12):
Yeah. I don't know, maybe for the first time.

Speaker 2 (01:53:15):
This is a lot, This is such a lie because
we've we've read this sentence with three other battles. Remember
that one battle was when the cavalry was like the
first time that they beat the Southern cavalry.

Speaker 1 (01:53:24):
Well, the Confederate cavalry was there high point that they
didn't have anything else, barely had any artillery do any
artillery that is for sure no navy right.

Speaker 2 (01:53:34):
By mid June, the Army of Northern Virginia was poised
across the Potomac and enter Maryland. After defeating the Union
garrisons at Winchester and Martinsburg, Yule's second Corps again crossing
the river on June fifteenth. Hills and Longstreets Corps followed
on June twenty fourth and twenty fifth. Then Hooker's Army
pursued them, keeping between Washington, d C.

Speaker 1 (01:53:51):
And Lee's army.

Speaker 2 (01:53:52):
The Union crossed the Potomac from June twenty fifth to
the twenty seven. So now they're all going to be
right there.

Speaker 1 (01:53:57):
Man Lee gay strict cordis for his army to minimize
any negative effects on the civilian population. Food, horses, other
supplies were generally not seized outright unless they citizen concealed property,
although quartermasters reimbursing Northern farmers and merchants with Confederate money,
which was virtually worthless, or with equally worthless promisary notes

(01:54:18):
were not well received, like when you want me to
do with this? Various towns, most notably York Pennsylvania, were
required to pay indemnities in lieu of supplies under threat
of Destructionez, so you better give us this shit or
we're just burn it down right, We'll take it and
then we'll ruin your life.

Speaker 2 (01:54:34):
During the invasion, the Confederates seas between forty and nearly
sixty Northern American are African Americans. A few of them
were escaped feud as slaves, but many were free men.
All were sent south into slavery under guard.

Speaker 1 (01:54:44):
Oh Wow.

Speaker 2 (01:54:45):
June twenty six, elements of Major General Jubil earliest division
of Eule's Corps occupied the town of Gettysburg. After chasing
off newly raised Pennsylvania militia and a series of minor skirmishes,
early laid the borough under tribute, but did not collect
any significant supplies, burned several railroad cars and a covered bridge,
and destroyed nearby rails and telegraph lines. I said, nobody's
getting in and nobody's getting out.

Speaker 1 (01:55:06):
Yeah, even Woyd's. The following morning, Early depotted for the
adjacent York County. Meanwhile, in a controversial removed generally allowed
Stuart to take a portion of the army's cavalry and
ride around the east flank of the Union Army never
did be seen from a game. Lee's orders gave Stuart

(01:55:26):
much latitude, and both generals share the blame for the
long absence of Stuart's cavalry, obviously, as well as the
failure to assign him more active role to the cavalry
left with the army. Yeah, like, what do we do?
I don't know. JIP's not here, take care of the horses.
Stuart and his three best brigades were absent from the
army during the crucial phase of the approach of Gettysburg
in the first two days of battle. Yeah.

Speaker 2 (01:55:46):
Yeah, by the time he got there, didn't mean shit.
June twenty ninth, Lee's army was strung out in an
arc from Chambersburg, which is twenty eight miles northwest northwest
of Gettysburg, to car Isle, which is thirty miles north
of Gettysburg, two near Irrisburg and Wrightsville on the Susquehanna River,
So they're everywhere. In a dispute over the use of
forces defending the Harper's Fairy Garrison, Hooker offered his resignation,

(01:56:08):
and Abraham Lincoln and General in Chief Henry Halleck, who
were looking for an excuse already to rid themselves of
them immediately accepted. They're like yes, yeah. They replaced Hooker
early on the morning of June twenty eighth with Major
General George Meade, who was then the commander of the
Fifth Corps. Yeah, dude, three days before the freaking battle.

Speaker 1 (01:56:24):
And he gets all the credit for Gettysburg. Right. Oh
he was. You'll see. He did do shit that Hooker
definitely wouldn't have done. It was a decent general. I
think he's a last until Uless's YEP twenty ninth to
June Generally learned that the Army of Potomac had crossed
the Potomac. He ordered concentration of his forces around cast Down,

(01:56:45):
located at the eastern base of the South Mountain in
eight mile eight miles west of Gettysboyg South Mountain. June thirtieth,
while part of Hills Corps was in cash Down, one
of Hills brigades was North Carolinians under Brigadier General Jay
Johnston Pettigrew. They ventured toward Gettysburg, and his memoirs, Major
General Henry Heath, Pettigrew's division commander, claimed that he sent

(01:57:08):
Pettigrew to search for supplies in town, especially shoes. No,
they need them shoes. Well.

Speaker 2 (01:57:13):
When Pettigrew's men approached Gettysburg on June thirtieth, they knows
Union Calvary under Major General John Buford arrive in south
of town.

Speaker 1 (01:57:19):
So they're getting there together. Oh wow.

Speaker 2 (01:57:21):
Pettigrew returned to cash Down without engaging them, like shit,
you ain't good.

Speaker 1 (01:57:24):
Well.

Speaker 2 (01:57:24):
When he told Hill and Heath what he had seen,
neither general believed that there was a substantial Union force
in or near the town, suspecting that had only been
Pennsylvania militia. Spite Lee's order to avoid a general engagement
until his entire army was concentrated, Hill decided to mount
a significant reconnaissance and force the following morning determined the
size and strength of the enemy force in his front.
About five am Wednesday, July, first two brigades of Hest's

(01:57:45):
division advanced to Gettysburg.

Speaker 1 (01:57:48):
There is Army Potomac initially under Hooker. Now Mead replaced
Hooker in command on twenty eighth June, which we just
said consisted of more than one hundred thousand men. The
first Corps, commanded by Major General John F. Reynolds, with
divisions commanded by Brigadier General Wadsworth, Briger General Robinson and
Brigader General Abner Doubledale. Double Day Second Cort commanded by

(01:58:10):
Major General Winfield Scott. Hancock had Brigadier General Caldwell Gibbon
and Hayes with him. Third Core, commanded by Major General
Daniel Sickles. He also had Major General David Bernie and
Major General Andrew Humphries on his side. Moved on to
the fifth Corps. Fourth Corps like we don't want to
be right, Fifth Cork, commanded by Major General George Sykes.

(01:58:35):
He was with meat until the twenty eighth Mead's Corps
until they got promoted. Okay yeah, with divisions uh, with
Brigadier general's James Barnes, romane Aires and Samuel Crawford on
his side. Moved on to the sixth Corps, commanded by
Major General John Sedgwick. He had Major Brigadier General Horatio Right,
Brigadier General lb and Howe and Major General John Newton.

(01:59:00):
Onto the ninth Corps or the eleventh Corps, man by
Major General Oliver Otis Howard. He had Brigadier General Francis
Barlow Brigadier General Eldolph Vaughan Steinolrach and Major General Carl
Schurtz One they got a Germans Uh. Moving on to
the twelfth Corps, commanded by Major General Henry slow Come,

(01:59:21):
we've heard of him. He had Brigadier General L. F. S.
Williams and John Geary Calvary Cork commanded by Major General
Elford Pleasanton with Brigadier General John Buford, David Gregg and
Hudson Kilpatrick. Artillery Reserved manded by Brigadier General Robert O. Tyler.
Pre eminent artillery officer at Getsburg was Brigadier General Henry Hunt,

(01:59:42):
chief artilleries on mead Staff. So yeah, he's bringing his
own campaign. Darren van Sein Gettysburg. Reynolds was in the
operational Command on the left or advanced wing of the army,
consistent of the first third and the eleventh Corps, many
other Union units, many other Union units not part of
the Army of Potomac. We're actively involved in Gettyburg campaign

(02:00:02):
as well, but not directly involved in the Battle of Gettysburg.
The battles leading up to and all that, these included
portions of the Union. There's your fourth Corps. You want
militia and yeah, they're tired. The militia and state troops
of the Department of the Susquehanna and various garrisons also
including that of Harper's Ferry, which we did, yes.

Speaker 2 (02:00:21):
Were in reaction to the death of Jackson. After Chancellsville
we already said. Lee organizes army from two infantry corps
to three. Yes, this is that's all.

Speaker 1 (02:00:29):
He has.

Speaker 2 (02:00:30):
The first Corps commanded by James Longstreet, with divisions commanded
by Major Generals Lafayette McLaws, George Pickett, and John bell Hood.
Second Corps commanded by Lieutenant General Richard Ewell, with divisions
commanded by Major Generals Jewbell Early, Edward Johnson and Robert Rhodes.
Third Corps was commanded by Lieutenant General A. P. Hill,
with divisions commanded by Major Generals Richard Anderson, Henry Heath,

(02:00:51):
and Dorsey Pender. And the Calvary Division which we know
Jeb Stewart runs that, But he's got brigades commanded by
Wade Hampton, fitz Hugh Lee, Beverly Robertson, Albert Jenkins, William E.
Grumble Jones, John M. Bowden, and Colonel John R.

Speaker 1 (02:01:04):
Chambliss. Holy shit, Nic anticipating that the ReBs would march
on Gettysburg from the west. On the morning of the
first of July, General Buford laid out as defenses on
three ridges west of town, her Ridge, McPherson Ridge, and
Seminary Ridge. These were appropriate terrain for delaying action by
a small cavalry division against superior Confederate infantry forces, meant

(02:01:27):
to buy time awaiting their raval you and infantry men
who could occupy the strong defensive positions south of town
at Cemetery Hills, Cemetery Ridge, and Culps Hill. Beauford understood
that if the cavalry would gain control of these heights,
Mead's army would have difficulty dislodging them. Yeah, anybody on
top of a hill can do some damage well.

Speaker 2 (02:01:44):
Heff's division of the Confederates advanced with two brigades forward,
commanded by brigadier Generals James Archer.

Speaker 1 (02:01:50):
And Joseph Davis.

Speaker 2 (02:01:51):
They proceeded easterly in columns along the Chambersburg Pike, three
miles west of town. About seven thirty am July, first
two brigades met light resistance from the days of Union
cavalry and deployed into line according to lower the Union.

Speaker 1 (02:02:04):
Soldier to fire.

Speaker 2 (02:02:05):
The first shot of the battle was Lieutenant Marcellus Jones.
Eventually Hessman encountered dismounted troopers of Colonel William Gamble's cavalry Brigade.

Speaker 1 (02:02:14):
Almost Marcellus Jones. Did he die? I think he did?

Speaker 2 (02:02:19):
Well?

Speaker 1 (02:02:19):
This guy he didn't. I had in nineteen hundred thirty
seven years later. Nice slipper him. Dude eighteen thirty was
born seventy years old.

Speaker 2 (02:02:33):
Well, uh, I know it's suspensul fire shot and an
officer on a white or light gray horse never him.

Speaker 1 (02:02:42):
That's a trivia question, right. The dismounted troops resisted stoutly,
delaying the Confederate advance, with most firing their breech loading
sharps carbines from behind fences and trees. A small number
of troops had other carbine models. A small minority of
historians have written that some troopers had spencer repeating carbines
or spencer repeating rifles, but most sources disagree. Okay, I

(02:03:06):
think so, I don't know. Still. By ten twenty am,
the Confederates had pushed the Union cavalry men east to
McPherson Ridge, when the vanguard of the first Corps under
Major General John Reynolds finally arrived north of the pike.
Davis gained a temporary success against the Brigadier General Lysander
Cutler's brigade, but was repelled with heavy losses in an

(02:03:27):
action around an unfinished railroad bed cut in the ridge
south of the pike.

Speaker 2 (02:03:32):
Archer's brigade assaulted through Herbs, also known as McPherson's Woods.
The Union Iron Brigade under Brigadier General Solomon Meredith enjoyed
initial success against Archer, capturing several hundred men, included Archer himself.
Oh General Reynolds was shot and killed early in the fighting.
While Reynolds, dude, he had a big part in this
war so far. He was shot and killed early in
the fighting while directing troop and artillery replacements just.

Speaker 1 (02:03:54):
To the east of the woods.

Speaker 2 (02:03:55):
Shelby Foot wrote that the Union Calls lost a man
considered by many to be the best general in the
art at this point. Dude, I know there was a
below that's like Jackson, that's their Jackson.

Speaker 1 (02:04:05):
All right. Major General Abner Doubleday assumed command. He's like,
this is my time fighting at the Chambersburg Pike. Area
lasted until about twelve thirty PM. It resumed again in
around two thirty aeth. Everybody had lunch, took their ship
and a little power nap, and ready to roll again.
When the Hess's entire division engaged, adding the brigade of
Pettigrew and Colonel John Brockenborough, they were like, we're here.

(02:04:28):
As Pettigrew's North Carolina Brigade came online, they flanked the
nineteenth Indiana and drove the Iron Brigade back twenty sixth
North Carolina, the largest regiment in the army, with eight
hundred thirty nine men, lost heavily, leaving the first day's
fight with around two hundred and twelve men leaving twelve
right or By the end of the three day battle

(02:04:49):
they had about one hundred and fifty two men standing,
the highest casualty percentage of one battle of any regiment
north or South. These dudes lost eighty percent of their
freaking army. Yeah.

Speaker 2 (02:04:58):
Slowly, the Iron Brigade of the UNI was pushed out
of the woods towards Seminary Ridge. Ap Hill added Major
General William Dorsey Pender's division to the saw and the
First Corps was driven back to the grounds of the
Lutheran Seminary on Gettysburg Streets. The streets as a fighting
to the west proceeded two divisions of Euele's Second Corps
marching west towards cash Down in accordance with Lee's order
for the army to concentrate in that vicinity. They turned

(02:05:19):
south on carl Isle on Harrisburg roads towards Schettyburg. They
turned south on the Carlisle and Harrisburg Roads towards Skeettysburg,
while the Union eleventh Corps raced on raised north on
the Baltimore Pike and Tannytown Road. By early afternoon, the
Union line ran in a semicircle west north and northeast

(02:05:40):
of Gettysburg, so not quite to the east well.

Speaker 1 (02:05:48):
However, though the Union did not have enough troops, Cutler,
whose brigade was deployed north of Chambersburg Pike, had his
right flank in the air. The leftmost division of the
eleventh Corps was unable to deploy in time to strengthen
the line, so Doubleday was forced to throw in reserve
brigades to salvages line. Round two PM, Confederate's Second Corps

(02:06:09):
division under Major General Robert Rhodes and Jubill early assaulted
and outflanked the Union. The Union first in the sixth
eleventh Corps, positioned north and northwest of town OH. Out
linking these guys.

Speaker 2 (02:06:22):
The Confederate brigades of Colonel Edward O'Neill and Brigadier General
Alfred iverson Ai suffered severe losses. Assault in the first
Corps division of Brigadier General John Robinson, which was south
of Oak Hill earliest division, profited from a blunder by
Brigadier General Francis Barlow when he advances eleventh Corps division
to Blokers Nol, directly north of town and now known
as Barlow's No Fitting. This represented a salient and the

(02:06:46):
Corps line successible to attack from multiple sides. Oh and
Earliest troops overran Barlow's division was constituted the right flank
of the Union Army's position. Barlow was wounded and captured
in the attack. OH.

Speaker 1 (02:06:58):
Breaking down, Dude. As you and positions collapsed both north
and west of town, Howard ordered a retreat on the
high ground south of town at the Cemetery Hill, where
he had left a division of Brigadier General's Adolph von
Stiller in reserve stand. Major General Winfield Hancock assumed command
of the battlefield, sent by Meade. He heard uh sent

(02:07:23):
by Mead when he heard that Reynolds had been waited. Hancock,
commander of the Second Corps and Mead's most trusted subordinate,
was ordered to take command of the field and determine
whether Gettysburg was an appropriate place for a major battle.
I don't think you have a twice, I don't think
you have a joys, Hancock told Howard. I think this
is the strong exbition position by nature upon us to
fight a battle that I ever saw. Oh yeah, I'm

(02:07:44):
sure would be well.

Speaker 2 (02:07:45):
When Howard agreed, Hancock concluded this discussion, he says, very well, sir,
I select this as the battlefield. Hancock's determination had a
moral boot morale boosting effect on the retreating Union soldiers,
but he played no direct tactical role on the first day.
General Lee unders so the defensive potential to the Union
if they held this high ground. He sent orders to
Yule that Cemetery Hill to be taken if practical practicable.

Speaker 1 (02:08:08):
Euell, who had.

Speaker 2 (02:08:08):
Previously served under Jackson, a general well known for issuing
peremptory peremptory orders determined such an assault was not practicable
and thus did not attempt it right This decision is
considered by historians to be a great missed opportunity because
he probably could have.

Speaker 1 (02:08:22):
Taken it, most likely at that point in time. Wow
Moving on, though, as it is first day Gettysburg more
significent than simply a prelude to the bloody second and
third days. This rings as the twenty third biggest battle
of the war by number of troops engaged. That's just
the first day. About one quarter of Meats army twenty
two thousand men and one third of Lee's army with

(02:08:42):
twenty seven thousand men were engaged in this battle.

Speaker 2 (02:08:45):
Well throughout the evening of July first and the morning
of July second, Most of the remaining infantry of both
armies arrived on the field, including the Union, second, third, fifth, sixth,
and a twelfth Corps to A long Street's divisions were
on the road, which was Brigadier General George Pickett. He
had begun a twenty two mile march from Chambersburg, or
Brigadier General Evander Mclaw or m Law had begun the

(02:09:08):
march from Guilford both arrived late in the evening. Law
completed his twenty eight mile march in only eleven hours DA.
The Union line ran from Coulps Hill, southeast of the town,
northwest of the Cemetery Hill just south of town, then
south for nearly two miles along Cemetery Ridge, terminating just
north a little round top.

Speaker 1 (02:09:24):
Uh oh, dude, freaking two miles Kenton. Most of the
twelfth Corter was on Colps Hill. The remnants of the
first and eleventh Corps defending Cemetery Hill's second Corps covered
most of the northern half Cemetery Ridge. In the third
Corps was ordered to take up a position to its flank.
The shape of the Union line and is a popularly
described as a fish hook right uh yeah, perfect. The

(02:09:50):
Confederate line parallel the Union line about one mile to
the west on Seminary Ridge, ran east through the town,
then curved southeast to a point opposite of Coulps Hill.
Thus the Union Army had interior lines, while the Confederates
were nearly five miles long. Holy shit, holy shit, dude,
it's ridiculous.

Speaker 2 (02:10:09):
Lee's battlepan for July second called for a general assault
of Mead's positions on the right. Longstreet's first Corps was
to position itself to attack the Union left flank, based
in northeast of straddle that Emmitsburg Road, and to roll
up the Union line. The attack sequence was to begin
with Major General's John Bell Hoods on Lafay at Mclaw's divisions,
followed by Major General Richard Anderson's division of Hill's third

(02:10:29):
Corps on the left. Lee instructed you to position his
second quarter attack Gulps Hill and Cemetery Hill. When he
heard the gunfire from Long Streets assault, preventing Mead from
shifting troops to bolsters left, said you hear these shots.

Speaker 1 (02:10:40):
You attacked.

Speaker 2 (02:10:40):
This guy can't send reinforcements right. Let everybody's got to
fight and defend their own little areas.

Speaker 1 (02:10:47):
It's crazy. If you watch the movie Gettysburg is pretty
much like that. Well, I'm hoping it would be, though
it does not appear in either his or Lee's official report.
Yule claimed years later that Lee had changed the order
to simultaneously attack, calling for only a diversion to be
turned into a full scale attack if a favorable opportunity
percent of itself, which is kind of smart. Lee's plan, however,

(02:11:12):
was based on faulty intelligence exaggerated by Stuart's continued absence
from the battlefield. Though Lee personally reconnoitered his left during
the morning, he did not visit long Street's position on
the Confederate's right because he triested long Street. You know,
he knows he's got that. I'll make a long Street pass.
You see him. Really, you're really coming up to my hair.

Speaker 2 (02:11:35):
Be somewhere else, go to a p hill and the
other guy, Ewell, those suit don't even know what they're doing.
I've been doing this ship since the beginning.

Speaker 1 (02:11:41):
Better, Yeah, why don't you go find uh Jeb Stewart
well right where they got geez. Even so, Lee rejected
suggestions that long Street moved beyond meads left and attacked
the Union flank, which he should have done, capturing the
supply trains and effectively Black and meads escape route with
I think I should have done that. That should have
been Jeb's sort's planned right well.

Speaker 2 (02:12:02):
Lee did not issue orders for an attack until eleven am.
Around noon, General Anderson's of ancient troops were discovered by
General Sickles's outposts and the Third Corps, upon which long streets.
First Corps was to form, which did not get in
a position until one pm.

Speaker 1 (02:12:15):
Geez, what the hell they're doing.

Speaker 2 (02:12:16):
Right holding McLaws after the long March were not yet
in position to not launch their attacks until just after
four and five pm, respectively.

Speaker 1 (02:12:22):
Peeze, dude, why nobody knew what was going on?

Speaker 2 (02:12:28):
It takes a long time to get ten thousand troops situated.

Speaker 1 (02:12:32):
In these long streets. Left Division under Major General Lafayett
mcclaus of Advance, they unexpectedly found Major General Daniel Sickles'
Third Corps directly in their path. Sickles had been dissatisfied
with the position assigned to him on the southern end
of the Cemetery Ridge. Oh poor guy, seeing ground better
suited for artillery positions one half a mile to the west,

(02:12:52):
centered at Shurfey's Farms peach Orchard, He violated orders in
Advance's corps to the slightly higher ground along the Emmittsburg Road,
moving away from Cemetery Ridge. The new line ran from
Devil's Den northwest to peach Orchard, then northeast along Emitsburg
Road to south of the Coudori Farm.

Speaker 2 (02:13:11):
This created an untenable salient at the Peach Orchard. Of course,
Creator General Andrew Humphrey's division in position along the Emmitsburg
Road and Major General David Berney's division to the south
were subject to attacks from two sides and were spread
out over a longer front than their small court could
defend effectively. Artillery was ordered to open fire at three pm.
After failing to attendant meeting at this time of Mead's

(02:13:32):
core commanders, Mead rode to Sickles's position and demanded an
explanation of the situation.

Speaker 1 (02:13:36):
Is what the hell's going on here? Well?

Speaker 2 (02:13:37):
No one, the competitor attack was imminent and a retreat
would be endangered. Mead refused. Sickles as offered to withdraw. No,
he said, no, you stay here.

Speaker 1 (02:13:44):
Attack. They did that, dude, This is where you die.
But right opoil. Mead was forced to send twenty thousand
reinforcements used idiot the entire fifth Corps, Brigader General John
Caldwell's division of the Second Corps, most of the twelfth Corps,
and he did portions of the newly arrived sixth Corps.
Hood's division moved more to the east than intended, losing

(02:14:05):
this alignment with Emmittsburg Road, attacking Devil's Dan and Little
round Top. Mclaw's coming in on Hood's left, drove multiple
attacks into nearly thinly stretched Third Corps in the Wheat
Field and overwhelmed them to Shurfrey's Peach Orchard. Mclaw's attack
eventually reached plumb Run Valley the Valley of Death before

(02:14:26):
they beaten before they were beaten back by the Pennsylvania Reserves.
The Pennsylvania version like I'll do your job, Division of
the Fifth Corps. These guys are they were moving down
from the Little Round Top all right? Well.

Speaker 2 (02:14:39):
The Third Corps was virtually destroyed as a combat unit
in this battle, and Sickles's leg was ambitated after it
was shattered by a cannonball. Caldwell's division was destroyed piecemeal
in the Wheatfield, Anderson's Division from the south, coming from
Mclaw's left and starting forward around six PM, reached the
crest of Cemetery Ridge, but could not hold the position
in the face of counter attacks from the Second Corps,
which included an almost suicidal charged by the first Minnesota

(02:15:01):
Regiment against the Confederate brigade, ordered in desperation by Hancock
to buy time for enforcements to arrive.

Speaker 1 (02:15:07):
You need to go down there and do something. Guys, sorry, go,
We don't have time to sit there and watch you
load your rifle. Right as fighting raged on in the
wheat field in Devon's Den, Colonel Strong Vincent of the
Fifth Corps had a precarious hold on the little Top
round On the little round Top.

Speaker 2 (02:15:24):
You also called Devil's Den Devons then.

Speaker 1 (02:15:26):
But this was an important hill at the extreme left
of the Union line. His brigade of four relatively small
regiments was able to resist repeated assaults by Law's brigade
of Hoods Division. General Mead's chief engineer, Brigadier General goveneu
Or Warren, had realized the importance of this battle and
dispatched Vincent's brigade and in a Turley battery. It was

(02:15:47):
the one hundred and fortieth New York to occupy a
little Roundtop, merely minutes before Hoods troops arrived. The defensive
Little round Top with the bayonet charged by the twentieth
Main ordered by Colonel Joshua Chamberlaine, and possibly led down
the slow by Lieutenant Holme Melcher Homeman Melcher. This was
one of the most fabled episodes in the Civil War
and propeled chamber Lane into prominence after the war.

Speaker 2 (02:16:09):
And sure dead well. Ewell interpreted his orders as calling
only for a cannonade. His thirty two guns, along with
ap Hills fifty five guns, engaged in a two hour
artillery barrage at extreme range that had little effect.

Speaker 1 (02:16:19):
Finally, six Scott.

Speaker 2 (02:16:21):
Came around and Euele sent orders to each of division
commanders to attack the Union lines in his front. Major
General Edward Allegheny Johnson's division had contemplated an assault on
Gulps Hill, but there were still a mile away and
had Red Rock Creek to cross. The few possible crossings
would make significant delays. Because of this, only three of
Johnson's four brigades moved to attack. Most of the hills
defenders the Union twelfth Corps had been sent to the

(02:16:43):
left to defend against Long Streets attacks, leaving only a
brigade of New Yorkers on the Brigadier adriynal George Green
behind strong newly constructed defensive wakes got those.

Speaker 1 (02:16:52):
With reinforcements from the First and the eleventh Corps. Green's
men held off to Confederate attackers, though giving up some
of the lower earthworks on the lower part of cops.
You gotta do what you gonna do, man well.

Speaker 2 (02:17:03):
Jubill Early was similarly unprepared when he ordered Harry Hayes's
and Isaac Avery's brigade to attack the Union eleventh Corps
position on East Cemetery. Once again, our one started fighting
was fierce. Colonel Andrew Harris of the second uh Union Brigade,
First Division, eleventh Corps came under a withering attack, losing
half his men. Avery was wounded early on, but the

(02:17:23):
Confederates reached the crest of the hill and entered the
Union breastworks, captured one or two batteries, one or two.
That's freaking ones enough. Seeing he was not supported on
his right, Hayes withdrew. His right was to be supported
by Robert Rhodes's division, But Rhodes, like Early in Johnson,
had not been ordered up. In had not been ordered
up in preparation for.

Speaker 1 (02:17:41):
The tack Why he's screwing up right now, man well.
He had twice as far as travel as Early did.
By the time he came in contact with Union skirmish line,
Early troops had been already withdrawn. Wow Jeb Stewart and
his three Calvary brigades arrived. What's going on here? Well,

(02:18:04):
I wish you were here. Jeez wow. He came around
noon and had no role in the second day's battle
at all because he was resting. Brigadier General Wade Hampton's
brigade fought in minor engagement with newly promoted twenty three
year old Brigadi Adeneral George Armstrong custers. We know who
that is, Michigan Cavalry near Hunterstown, to the northeast of
Getty's boyg Oh Georgie. Lee wished to renew the attack

(02:18:27):
on Friday the third, using the same basic plan as
the previous day.

Speaker 2 (02:18:30):
Long Street would attack the left, you will attack Copps Hill. However,
before Longstreet was ready, Union twelfth Course troops started a
dawn artillery deviarnment against the Compeditates on Colp Hill in
an effort to regain a portion of their lost work.
Competitors attacked and their second fight for Cops Hill ended
around eleven am after some seven hours of bitter combat.
Oh shit, the Union line was intact and held more

(02:18:51):
strongly than before.

Speaker 1 (02:18:52):
My goodness. Oh well, then Lee was forced to change
his very planned any better. Longstreet would command Pickett's Virginia
Division of his first of his own First Corps, plus
six brigades from Hills Corps, an attack on the Union
Second Corps position at the right center of the Union
line on Cemetery Ridge. Prior to the attack, all the
artillery the Confederacy would bring the bear on the Union positions,

(02:19:13):
would bombarred and weaken the enemy's line, they hoped, hopefully.
Much had been made over the years of General longstreet
subjection to Generally's plan and his memoirs. Long Street states
that he toldal Lee that there were not enough men
to assault the strong left center at the Union line
by mcclaw's and Hoods divisions, reinforced by Pickett's brigades. He's like,
this is simply not enough.

Speaker 2 (02:19:32):
He thought the attack would be repulsed and a counter
attack would put Union forces between the Confederates and the Potomac.
Longstreet wrote that he said it would take a minimum
of thirty thousand men to attack successfully, as well as
close coordination with other Confederate forces. Right He noted that
only about thirteen thousand men were left in the selected
divisions after the first two days of fighting they would
have to walk a mile under heavy artillery and long
range musketry fire. Longstreet states that he further asked Lee

(02:19:56):
the strength of a column. He stayed at fifteen thousand.
He being lee opinion was then expressed by Longstreet by me,
He says, I'm assuming that the fifteen thousand men who
could make successful sault over that field had never been
a raid for battle. But he was impatient of listening
and tired of talking.

Speaker 1 (02:20:11):
And nothing was left. But he knew he was screwed,
and there he got to do something, dude, and we're
not backing down. Around one pm, one hundred and fifty
one hundred and seventy Confederate guns began in artillery department
that was probably the largest of the war, in order
to save valuable ammunition for the imagery attack that they
knew would follow. The Army of Potomac's artillery, under command
of Brigadier General Henry Hunt, at first did not return

(02:20:31):
any fire after waiting about fifteen minutes about eighty Union
cannons open fire. The Army of Northern Virginia from the
south was critically low on artillery mo and the cannonade
did not signiically affect an Union position at all, because
they never do, they're so stupid waste.

Speaker 2 (02:20:48):
Well, let's see now here is Lee making a big
blunder because he believed that after Confederate attacks on both
the left and right flanks of the Union lines on
July second, me would concentrate his defenses there to detriment
of center. However, the night of July second, Mead correctly
predicted to General Gibbon after a Council of War that
Lee would attack the center of his lines the following
morning and reinforce that area with additional sandiers and artillery.

Speaker 1 (02:21:10):
Clearly, it's common sense, right.

Speaker 2 (02:21:14):
The infitry assault was preceded by a massive artillery bombardment
that was meant to soften up the Union defense and
silence artillery, but it was largely in effect.

Speaker 1 (02:21:21):
Damn right, it was there it goes the good. One
pickets charge was planned for three Confederate divisions, commanded by
Major General George Pickett, Brigadier General Pettigrew and Major General
Isaac Trimble, consistent of troops from Lieutenant Longstreet's First Court
and Lieutenant jen General ap Hills Third Corps. Peedtigrew commanded
brigades from Major General Henry Heat's Old Division under Colonel

(02:21:41):
Burkett Frye, which is Archer's Brigade, Colonel James Marshall Pettigrew's Brigade,
Brigadier General Joseph R. Davis, Colonel John Brockenbrough Trimble commanding
a Major General Dorsey Penders Division had the brigade of
Brigadier General Elford Scales temporarily commanded by William Lee, Colonel
William Lee Lawrence that's hell of wait to spell Lawrence

(02:22:03):
and James H. Lane. Two brigades from Major General Richard
Anderson's Division, which is Hills Corps, were to sport the
attack on the right flank Brigadier General cad Miss Wilcox
and Colonel David Lange, also from Perry's brigade. Okay, A
lot going on there.

Speaker 2 (02:22:17):
The target of the Confederate assault was the center of
the Union of the Second Corps, commanded by Major General
Winfield Hancott Trackling the center was the division of Brigadier
General John Gibbon, with the brigades of Brigader General William Harrow,
Colonel Norman J. Hall, and Brigadier General Alexander Webb to
the north of this position where brigades from the division
of Brigadier General Alexander Hayes, and to the south was

(02:22:37):
Major General Abner Doubleday's division of the First Corps, including
the Second Vermont Brigade of Brigadier General George Stannard on
the one hundred and twenty first Pennsylvania under the command
of Colonel Chapman Biddle. The Meads headquarters were just behind
the Second Corps line, in the small house owned by
the widow Lydia Leicster.

Speaker 1 (02:22:53):
Yeah Lydia and Leinster Well. The very specific objective of
this salt has been the source of historical controversy. Traditionally,
the copes of trees on Cemetery Ridge has been cited
as the visual landmark for the attacking force. Historical treatments
such as the nineteen ninety three film Gettysburg continued to
popularize this view, which originated in the work of Gettysburg

(02:23:15):
Battlefield historian John Backhelder in an eighteen eighties. However, though
recent scholarship, including published works by some Gettysburg National Military
Park historians, had suggested that Lee's goal was actually Ziegler's
Grove on the Cemetery Hill, a more prominent and highly
visible grouping of trees about three hundred yards north of
the cops. This is probably one of them.

Speaker 2 (02:23:38):
The much debated theory suggests that Lee's general plan for
the second day attacks, which was the seizure of Cemetery Hill,
had not changed on the third day, and the attacks
on July third were also aimed at securing the hill.
In the network of roads that commanded the copes of trees,
currently a prominent landmark was under ten feet high in
eighteen sixty trees. That's it only visible to a portion
of the attacking columns from certain parts of the battlefield.

(02:23:59):
The beginning of the planning, things went awry for the Confederates.

Speaker 1 (02:24:03):
Pickett's division had not been used yet at Gettysburg, ap
Hills health became an issue, and he did not participate
in selecting which of his troops were to be used
for the charge. Why, I'm sure he can still think.
Some of Hill's corps had been had fought lightly on
the first of July and not at all on second
in July. However, troops that had done heavy fighting on
the first of July ended up making the charge. A

(02:24:25):
bunch of idiots. Right, Although this all is known popular
history as Pickets Charge. Overall command was given to James
long Street and Pickett was one of his divisional commanders.
It was Lee did tell long Street that Pickett's Fresh
Division should lead the assault, so the name is appropriate.
Although some recent historians have used the name Picket, Pedigrew,
Trimble Assault, or less frequently long Streets Assault. Never heard

(02:24:47):
of that, so they can fairly distribute the credit or
the blame, which is Montally blame.

Speaker 2 (02:24:55):
Yeah, it was no credit to this with Hill, Sideline Peedtigrew's,
and Trimble's division were delegated the long Street's authority as well.

Speaker 1 (02:25:02):
Thus Pickett's name had.

Speaker 2 (02:25:04):
Pickett's name has been lent to a charge in which
he commanded three out of the eleven brigades while under
the supervision of his core commander throughout right, so it's
not even his charge.

Speaker 1 (02:25:12):
No.

Speaker 2 (02:25:12):
Pickett's men were almost exclusively from Virginia, with the other
divisions consisted of troops from North Carolina, Mississippi, Alabama, and Tennessee.
The supporting troops under will Cox and Lang were from
Alabama in Florida. In conjunction with the infantry assault, Lee
planning a Calvary action in the Union rear. Major General
Jeb Stewart led his Calvary division to the east, prepared
to exploit Lee's hoped for breakthrough by attacking the Union

(02:25:32):
rear and disrupting this line of communication and retreat along
the Baltimore Pike.

Speaker 1 (02:25:37):
So now Stuart's finally getting some action in right. Well,
Lee planned for an early start. It took all morning
to arrange infantry Assaft Force though she is neither Lee's
nor Long Streets headquarters sent orders to Picket to have
his division. Why did you guys, Hey.

Speaker 2 (02:25:52):
We're doing this assault, but uh, we're not gonna let
you know when to put.

Speaker 1 (02:25:55):
Your guys out a battlefield. They're not in the battlefield.
We didn't get it. You didn't tell them Long Street Wow.
Historian Jeffrey D. Wert blames oversight on Long Street, describing
it either as a misunderstanding of least oral order or
a mistake. How these guys are like in sync with
each other should be some of the many criticisms of
Long Streets. Gettysburger formants by the post bellum Lost Cause.

(02:26:17):
Authors cite this failure as evidence that Long Street deliberately
underminded least plan for the battle, I mean did as
there comes down some kind of a little drawma. There
must have been meanwhile, on the far right end of
the Union line, a seven hour battle rage for the
control of Colps Hill. Seven hours. Lee's intent to synchronize
his offensive across the battlefield, keeping Meat from concentrating his

(02:26:39):
numerically superior forces, but their assaults were poorly coordinated, and
Major General Edward Johnson's attacks against Colps Hill petered out
just as long Street's cannonade began. So bad, dude, How
can you go through your biggest battle and then't just
fall apart? That happens all the users the Union doing right? Well?
I don't know the Union been better up on the
bigger battle, right, what the hell? Well?

Speaker 2 (02:27:01):
The infanty charge was preceded by what Lee would hope
to be a powerful and well concentrated cannonade of the
Union center, destroying the Union artillery batteries that could defeat
the assault and demoralize in the Union infantry, But combination
of artillery leadership and a defective equipment doomed the barrage
from the beginning. Longstreet's Corps artillery chief Colonel Edward Porter
Alexander had effective command of the field. Lee's artillery chief,

(02:27:23):
Brigader General William Pendleton, played little role other than to
obstruct the effective placement of artillery from the other two corps.
Despite Alexander's efforts, then there was insufficient concentration of Confederate
fire on the objective.

Speaker 1 (02:27:34):
So stupid, What the hell are these guys doing. The
third of July bombardment was likely the largest of the war,
with hundreds of cannons from both sides firing along lines
for only for one to two hours, starting around one pm.
Confederate guns numbered between one to fifteen pine to seventy
and fired from a line over two miles long, starting
with the self at Peach Orchard and running roughly parallel
to the Emmitsburg Road. Confederate Brigadier General Vander Law wrote,

(02:27:57):
the cannonade in the center present one of the most
magnificent battle scenes witnessed during the water. Looking up the
valley towards Gettysburg, the hills on either side were capped
with crowns of flame and smoke as three hundred guns,
about equally divided between the two ridges, vomited their iron
hail upon each other.

Speaker 2 (02:28:15):
Despite his ferocity, the fire was mostly ineffectious. Of course
it always is, right, Comfetate shells often overshot the infantry
front lines, in some cases because of inferior shelf uses
that delayed detonation. Right, and the smoke covering the battlefield
concealed the fact from the gunners.

Speaker 1 (02:28:28):
Right, so I don't even where they shooting. Right.

Speaker 2 (02:28:30):
Union Artillery Chief Breeder General Henry Hunt had only about
eighty guns available to conduct counter battery fire. The geographic
features of the Union line had limited areas for the
effect of gun emplacement. He also ordered that fire and
seas to conserve AMMO. But to fool Alexander, Hunt ordered
his cannons to seize fire slowly to create the illusion
that they were being destroyed.

Speaker 1 (02:28:48):
By one by one.

Speaker 2 (02:28:49):
Uh oh, right, so he's like boom every so often
stopped firing that way, like we got one boys.

Speaker 1 (02:28:55):
Wow. This By the time all of Hunts canon seized
fire and still blinded by the smoke from the battle,
Alexander fell for Hunt's deception and believed that many of
the Union batteries had been destroyed. Hunt had to resist
the strong arguments of Hancock, who demanded Union fire to
lift the spirits of the ever Trymen. Infant treeman pinned
down by Alexander's bombardment, He's like, don't worry, I got

(02:29:17):
to follow me. Man, follow this. We got it. Even
Mead was affected by the artillery. The Lester House was
a victim of frequent overshots, and he had to evacuate
with his staff to Powers Hill. The counter battery fire
depleted the Northern ammunition stocks, leaving them in efficient time
to replenish before the Southern assault. For the rest of

(02:29:37):
his life, Hunt always maintained they had been allowed to
do what he'd intended, saved his long rain shells for
the attack he knew was coming. Then bombarred from the
Confederate forces with every gun available. Once they lined up
for their advance, then the charge would never have happened
and saved many Northern lives. He's like, they let me
do what I want to do. Pickets, charge would have

(02:29:58):
never happened.

Speaker 2 (02:30:00):
The first day was hot, or the day was hot
eighty seven degrees by one account, and humid, and the
competitors suffered under the hot sun and from the Union
counter battery fire as they awaited the order to advance.
When Union cannoneers overshot their targets. They often hit the
mass infantry waiting in the woods, seminary ridge, or in
the shallow depressions just behind Alexander's guns, causing significant casualties.

Speaker 1 (02:30:20):
Before the charge even began. Stupid, oh, dumb, Well, we
all know.

Speaker 2 (02:30:24):
Longstreet had opposed the charge from the beginning, convinced the
charge would fail, which he was autimately proved correct, and
had his own plan that he would have preferred for
a strategic movement around the Union left flank.

Speaker 1 (02:30:35):
Oh and his memoirs we carried, telling Lee General, I
have been a soldier on my life. I have been
with soldiers engaged in fights by couples, by squads, companies, regiments, divisions,
and armies, and should know as well as anyone what
soldiers can do. It is my opinion that no fifteen
thousand men, ever arrayed for battle, can take that position.

(02:30:55):
Longstreet wanted to avoid personally ordering the charge by attempting
to pass the manto onto Kernel Alexander, telling him that
he should inform Pickett at the optimum time to begin
the advance based on his assessment as a Union artillery
had been effectively silenced. He's like, how about you you
figured out? How about you make the call?

Speaker 2 (02:31:14):
Although he hadn't become aware of such a development, Alexander
eventually notified Picket that he was running dangerously short of ammo,
sending the message, if you are coming at all, come
at once, or I cannot give you proper support. But
the enemy's fire has not slackened at all. At least
eighteen guns are still firing from the cemetery itself, he says.
Pickett then asked Longstreet, General, shall I advance? Longstreet recalled
in his memoirs the effect to speak the order failed,

(02:31:37):
and I could only indicate it by affirmative fowel.

Speaker 1 (02:31:39):
He couldn't say anything.

Speaker 2 (02:31:41):
Longstreet made one final attempt to call off the assault.
After his encounter with Picket. He discussed the artillery situation
with Alexander and was informed that Alexander did not have
full confidence that all the enemy's guns were silenced and
that the competitive ammunition was almost exhausted. Longstreet ordered Alexander
to stop Picket, but the young colonel explained that replenishing
his ammunition from the true in the rear would take
over an hour, and this would delay or this delay

(02:32:03):
would nullify any advantage the previous barrage had given him.
The Infanterya saw that the infantry assault went forward without
the Confederate artillery close support that had been originally planned.

Speaker 1 (02:32:13):
Oh can't do that? Could I probably used that. The
entire force that stepped off toward the Union positions at
about two BM comprised about twelve five hundred man. Although
the attack is popularly called a charge, the men marched
deliberately in line, prepared to speed up in charge only
when they were within a few hundred yards of the enemy.
The line consisted of Pettigrew and Tremble on the left,

(02:32:35):
picket on the right. The nine brigades of men stretched
over a mile long. The Confederates immediately encountered heavy artillery
fire and were slowed by fences in their path. Fire
from Lieutenant Colonel Freeman mcgilvary's concealed artillery positions north of
Little Roundtop raked the Confederate right flank. Artillery fire from
Cemetery Hill hit the left, while the center faced the

(02:32:57):
cannons of the Second Corps with a unit artillery reserve
in a second line behind you, and they're just getting hammered.

Speaker 2 (02:33:03):
The ground between Seminary Ridge and Cemetery Ridge is slightly undulating,
whatever that means, and the advancing troop periodically disappeared from
the view of the Union cannoneers while advance in the
nearly three quarters of a mile across open fields to
reach the Union line. Holy shit, dude, three.

Speaker 1 (02:33:17):
Quarters of a mile. Yeah, that's ridiculous.

Speaker 2 (02:33:19):
As the three Confederate divisions advance, waiting, awaiting, Union soldiers
began shouting Fredericksburg, Fredericksburg, Fredericksburg, in reference to the disastrous unit.
I was just gonna say, it reminded me of that
the Union advance on the Confederate line during the eighteen
to sixty two Battle of Fredericksburg. If you remember, they
were being all the Confederates behind that stone wall, just
oubliterating the Union greedy, shit.

Speaker 1 (02:33:40):
Shell and solid shot in the beginning turned to cams
d and musket fire as Confederates came within four hundred
yards of the Union line. At this point, Confederate union
cohesion and morel began to break down. The last shelter
before reaching the Union lines lay at three hundred yards
in the sunken depression of the Emmitsburg Road. Thousands of
Confederates took to the ground there and refused to advance
any way. The many surrenderings to re Union troops after

(02:34:02):
the battle, over two thirds of the initial force may
have failed to make the final charge at Condamn dude,
that's ridiculous. At contact, the mile long front had shrunk
to less than a half mile wow as the men
filled in gaps that appeared throughout the line and followed
the natural tendency to move away from the flanking fire.

Speaker 2 (02:34:19):
Right on the left flank of the attack, brock and
Browse brigade was devastated by artillery fire from Cemetery Hill.
They were also subjected to a surprise musket fusillade from
eighth Ohio Infantry Regiment, the one hundred and sixty oh
High Ends Ohioans, firing from a single line so surprised
Brocken Browse Virginians, who were already demoralized by their losses
to artillery fire, that they panicked and fled back to

(02:34:40):
Seminary Ridge, crashing through Trimble's division and causing many of
his men to bolt as well.

Speaker 1 (02:34:45):
Oh my.

Speaker 2 (02:34:45):
The Ohioans followed up with a successful flanking attack on
Davis's brigade, which was now the left flank of Pettigrew's division.

Speaker 1 (02:34:51):
The survivors were subjected to increasingly artillery fire from Cemetery Hill,
more than sixteen hundred rounds or five at Pedigrew's man
daring their assault. This portion of the Salt never advanced
much further than the thirty fence at the Emmitsburg Road.
By this time, the Confederates were close enough to be
fired on by tillery canister, and Alexander Hayes' division unleased
very effective musketry fire from behind two hundred and sixty

(02:35:14):
yards of stone wall, a stone wall, with every rifle
man of the division lined up as many as four deep,
exchanging places in line as they fired, and then fell
back to reload.

Speaker 2 (02:35:23):
Nice perfect look at that in the process, deafening everybody
that they're shooting next to. They were at once enveloped
in a dense cloud of smoke and dust. Arms, heads, blankets,
guns and knapsacks were thrown and tossed into the clear air.
Clear air, and moan went up from the field distinctly
to be heard amid the storm of battle, So says
Lieutenant Colonel Franklin Sawyer from the eighth Ohio Man.

Speaker 1 (02:35:48):
Trimble's division of two brigades followed Pedigrews, but made poor progress.
Confusion orders from Tremble caused Lane to send only three
and a half of his North Carolina regiments forward three
and a half right fire from the eighth Ohio and
onslaught of Hayes rifle men prevented most of these men
from getting past the Embitsburg Road. If you guys ever
wise the movie Gettysburg, this is very they do this

(02:36:09):
one in depth. That's crazy. Scales is North Carolina Brigade,
led by Colonel William L. J. Low Rance, started with
a heavier disadvantage. They had lost about two thirds of
the men on the first of July. They were also
driven back and low Rents was wounded. The Union defenders
also took casher ties, but Hayes encouraged his men by

(02:36:30):
riding back and forth just behind the line, shouting, Hurrah, boys,
We're giving them a hell. Two horses were shot out
from underneath him. He just gets on the right.

Speaker 2 (02:36:40):
He didn't care about his horses, apparently no feelings whatsoever.

Speaker 1 (02:36:43):
On the right flank.

Speaker 2 (02:36:44):
I lost his original ago on the right flank pickets
Virginians Virginians across the Emmitsburg Road and wheeled partially to
the left to face northeast. They marching two lines, led
by the brigades of Brigader General James Kemper on the right,
Brigader General Richard Garnett on the left. General Lewis Armistead's
brigade followed closely behind them. As a division wheel to
the left, its right flank was exposed to mcgillery's guns

(02:37:07):
and the front of Doubleda's Union Division on Cemetery Ridge.
Stannards Vermont Brigade marched forward, faced north and delivered withering
fire into the rear of Kemper's brigade.

Speaker 1 (02:37:15):
It's ridiculous, dude. At about this time you'd think lead
have to be like, dude, we're done. I know if
he's even over here. How about this time Hancott, who
had been prominent in displaying himself on horseback to his
men daring the Confederate artillery bombardment, was wounded by bullet
striking the pommel of his saddle, entering his inner right thigh,
along with the wood fragments and large bat nail well

(02:37:36):
show where the nail come from Oh. Once I head
through like defensers, he refused evacuation to the rear until
the battle was settled. I'm good for him.

Speaker 2 (02:37:44):
As pickets Men advanced, they withstood the defensive fire of
First Standards Brigade, then Harrows, and then Halls before approaching
a minor salient in the Union center, a low stonewall
taking an eighty yard right angle turn, known afterward as
the Angle. It was defended by Brigadier General Alexander.

Speaker 1 (02:37:59):
Webb's philadel Field Brigade.

Speaker 2 (02:38:01):
Web placed the two remaining guns of the severely wounded
Lieutenant Alonzo Cushions Battery A of the fourth US Artillery
at the front of his line at the Stone Fence,
with the sixty ninth and seventy first Pennsylvania Regiments to
defend the fence and the guns. The two guns and
nine hundred and forty men could not match the massive
firepower that Hayes Division to the right had been able
to unleash.

Speaker 1 (02:38:19):
Though so okay well. At this time two gaps opened
up in the Union line. The commander of the seventy
first Pennsylvania ordered his men to retreat when the Confederates
came too close to the angle south of the cop
say of Trees. The men of the fifty ninth New York,
which is Haul's brigade, inexplicably both to the ear. In
the latter case, this left Captain Andrew Cowen and his

(02:38:42):
first New York Independent Artillery Bettery to face the oncoming infantry.
Assisted personally by Artillery Chief Hunt Henry Hunt, Cowen ordered
five guns to fire double canister simultaneously. The entire Confederate
line to his front disappeared. The gap vacated by most
of the seventy first Pennsylvania, however, was more serious, leaving
only a handful of the seventy first, two hundred and

(02:39:03):
sixty eight men of the sixty nine Pennsylvania and cushions
two three inch rifle guns to receive the twenty five
to three thousand men of Garnet and Armistead's brigades from
the south as they began to cross the Stone fence.

Speaker 2 (02:39:14):
Shit well, the irishmen in the sixty nine Pennsylvania resisted
fiercely in a melee of rifle fire, bayonets and fists.

Speaker 1 (02:39:20):
Oh you know they're throwing some fists right.

Speaker 2 (02:39:22):
Webb, who was mortified that the seventy first had retreated
brought the seventy second Pennsylvania forward. Initially, the regiment was
hesitant to attack, this being due to the regiment not
recognizing Webb as a brigadier general oh because he'd just
been recently promoted.

Speaker 1 (02:39:35):
Wow.

Speaker 2 (02:39:35):
However, the seventy second moved forward after realizing their error,
helping to plug the gap in the line.

Speaker 1 (02:39:40):
All right, this guy's giving orders, all right. During the fight,
Lieutenant Cushion was moided as he shouted to his men,
three bullets striking him in the third in his mouth.
The Confederates seized his two guns and turned them to
face the Union troops, but they had no AMMO to fire. Then,
that's more Union reforcements arrived and chods into the breach.
The position became unattenable and untenable sorry, and the Confederates

(02:40:04):
began to slip away individually, with no senior officers remaining
to call a formal retreat.

Speaker 2 (02:40:10):
The infantry assault lasted less than an hour. The support
and attack by Willcox and laying on Pickets right was
never a factor. They did not approach a Union line
until after Picket was defeated, and their advance was quickly
broken up by mcgilvy's guns and the Vermont Brigade. While
the Union lost about fifteen hundred killed and wounded, the
Confederate casualty right was over fifty percent. Pickett's division suffered
twenty six hundred and fifty five casualties, four hundred ninety

(02:40:32):
eight killed, six forty three wounded, eight thirty three wounded
and captured, and six hundred and eighty one captured unwounded.

Speaker 1 (02:40:38):
Wow, that's crazy, yeah, because they're walking in that open
field and watching everybody just get blown pieces. Stupid man,
these guys. It's most ridiculous ever seen. Man. Wow, that
and a revolutionary were both the same man. Pedigrew's losses
are estimated to be about two thy seven hunder, with

(02:40:59):
four to seventy kill, nineth three you wounded, and three
thirty seven captured. Trimbles two brigades loss eight hundred and
eighty five, one fifty five killed, six to fifty wounded,
eighty men captured. Will Cox's brigade reports losses of two
hundo layings about four hundred. Thus, the total losses during
the attack were six five hundred and fifty five, of
which at least one than one hundred twenty three freditors
were moided, four thy, nineteen were wounded, and a good

(02:41:22):
number of the injured were also captured. Confederate prisoner totals
are difficult to estimate from their reports. Union reports indicated
that three seven hundred fifty men were captured.

Speaker 2 (02:41:29):
Dude, eleven hundred and twenty three bodies just laying on
the battlefield.

Speaker 1 (02:41:33):
And ridiculous, and that's just Confederates right.

Speaker 2 (02:41:36):
Well, Union, what maybe a couple hundred, right, four or five?
Only fifteen hundred casualties total without that many. The casualties
were also high among the commanders of the charge. Trimbleon
and Pedigrew were the most senior casualties of the day.
Trimble loss of leg. Pettigrew received a minor wounded the hand,
only to die from a bullet to the abdomen suffered

(02:41:56):
in a minor skirmish during the retreat to Virginia, oh No.
And Pickett's division. Twenty six of the forty field grade officers,
which were Majors, lieutenant colonels and colonels, were casualties. Twelve
killed or mortally wounded, nine wounded, four wounded and captured,
and one captured. All of his brigade commanders fell. Kemper
was wounded, seriously captured by Union soldiers, rescued, and then
captured again During the retreat of Virginia, Jeez, Garnett and

(02:42:18):
Armistead were killed. Garnett had a previous League injury and
rode his horse during the charge, despite no one that
conspicuously riding a horse into heavy enemy fire would mean
almost certain death.

Speaker 1 (02:42:27):
Yeah, he said, I got to lead my guys. Man.
That said. There are two significant cavalry engagements on July third.
The first one was coordinated with Pickett's charge, and the
standoff may have prevented disaster for Union infantry. The site
of this engagement is as now known as the East
Cavalry Field. The second engagement was a loss for Union

(02:42:47):
cavalry attacking Confederate infantry. Wow. It has been labeled as
a fiasco and featured faulty cavalry tactics. Yeah. Union wasn't
very good on cavalry. Like horses there show horses. The
sight of this engagement is now known as the South
Cavalry Field.

Speaker 2 (02:43:06):
Well, because this one they're facing against Stuart and his
cavalry division, which was through brigades with the assistance of
Jenkins Brigade, and they were sent to guard the Confederate
left flank. Stuart was also in position to exploit any
successes of the Confederate infantry, which was Pickett's charge, might
achieve on the Cemetery Hill by Flincoln the Union right
and getting behind Union infantry facing the Confederate attack. Calvary
fight took place about three miles northeast of Gettysburg at

(02:43:28):
three pm, around the end of the Confederate artillery barrage.

Speaker 1 (02:43:31):
That preceded Pickett's charge.

Speaker 2 (02:43:34):
Stuart's forces collided with Union cavalry bringer General David McMurtry
Gregg's division, and Custer's brigade from Kilpatrick's division right.

Speaker 1 (02:43:42):
The fight evolved into a wild melee of swinging sabers
and blazing pistols and carbines. One of Custer's regiments, the
fifth Michigan Cavalry, was armed with Spencer repeating rifles, and
at least two companies from an additional regiment were also
armed with the repeaters Repeaters man get You. The fire
ended in a standoff. Oh The fight ended in the
standoff as neither side changed position owns. However, greg and

(02:44:06):
Custer prevented Stuart from gaining the rear of Union infantry
facing Picket. If he could have got that, that could
have been nice. That would have been screwed.

Speaker 2 (02:44:12):
After hearing the news of Union's success against Picket's charge,
Brigader General Judson Kilpatrick launched a cavalry attack against the
infantry position of long Street's Corps southwest of Big Roundtop.
The terrain was difficult for a mounted attack because it
was rough, heavily wooded, and contained huge boulders, and Longstreet's
men were entrenched with artillery support. Brigader General Elon Farnsworth
protested against the futility of such a move.

Speaker 1 (02:44:34):
And but obeyed orders anyways.

Speaker 2 (02:44:35):
Farnsworth was killed in the fourth to five unsuccessful attacks
and his brigade suffered significant losses. Although Killpatrick was described
by at least one Union leader as brave, enterprising, and energetic,
incidents such as farnsworth charge earned him the nickname of
kill Calvary.

Speaker 1 (02:44:50):
Oh that's not a nickname you want, No, that's the
same picture they show every freaking Gettysburgh. They don't have many.
The two armies suffered between forty six thousand and fifty
one thousand casualties. Union cassherties were twenty three thousand and
fifty five, one hundred fifty five ooided, fourteen thousand and
five thirty one wounded, five thousand, three sixty nine captured
or missing, while Confederate casualties are more difficult to estimate.

(02:45:13):
Many authors have referred to as many as twenty eight
thousand casualties for rebels and Busy and Martin's more recent
two thousand and five work Regimental Strengths and Losses at
Gettysburg documents two hundred thirty one, with four thousand, seven
hundred and eight killed, twelve six hundred ninety three wounded,
eight hundred thirty three captured or missing. Nearly a third

(02:45:36):
of Lee's general officers were moided, wounded, or captured. The
casualties for both sides for the six week campaign, according
to Sears, were fifty seven thousand, two hundred and twenty
five men man.

Speaker 2 (02:45:49):
In addition to being the deadliest battle of the war,
Gettysburg also had the most generals killed in action. Several
generals were also wounded. The Confederacy lost generals Paul Jones, Semis,
William Barksdale, William dors Pender, Richard Garnett and Lewis Armistead,
as well as j. Johnson Pettigrew, who durined the retreat
after a battle. After the battle, Confederian generals who were
wounded included Major General John Bellhood, who lost the use

(02:46:11):
of his left arm, Major General Henry Heath, who received
a shot to the head on the first day of battle.
Though incapacitated for the rest of the battle. Here markeably
survived without long term injuries, credited in part due to
his hat stuff full of paper dispatches. Look at that's
what he got all those little orders from and stuff
him in his hand.

Speaker 1 (02:46:26):
Good for him. Wow. Confederate generals James L. Kemper and
Isaac gar Trimble were severely wounded during Pickett's jodge and
captured during the Confederate retreat. Confederate Brigadier General James Atcha,
in command of brigade that most likely responsible for killing
Reynolds from the North, was taken prisoner shortly after Reynolds' death.
In Confederate First Court. Eight of Longstreet's fourteen division and

(02:46:49):
brigade commanders were killed or wounded, including Brigadier General George
Anderson and Brigadier General Jerome Robertson who was wounded well.

Speaker 2 (02:46:58):
In Yule's second Corps, Brigader General Isaac Avery was mortally wounded,
Brigader General John Jones was wounded, and Hill's third Core.
In addition to Pender and Pettigrew being killed, Major General
Henry Heath and Colonel burkeet Frye later brigadier general and
temper A Brigade command were wounded as well. Hill's third
Corps Brigader General Alfred Scales and William Are. Colonel William
Lawrence and temper Arbrigade command were wounded. In the Confederick

(02:47:22):
Calvary Division, Brigader General Wade Hampton and Breader General Albert
Jenkins were also wounded.

Speaker 1 (02:47:27):
Okay, what did the Union Union do? How many Union
general's kills were General John Reynolds, Samuel K. Zook and
Stephen H. Wead, as well as Elon Farnsworth assigned as
brigadier general by Major General Pleasanton based on his nomination,
although his promotion was confirmed posthumously, and Strong Vincent, who

(02:47:49):
after being mortally wounded, was given a deathbed promotion to
Brigadier General. I guess right. Additional senior officers. Scalties included
the wounding of Union General's Dance Nickols who lost the leg,
Francis C. Barlow, Daniel Butterfield, and Wimfield Scott Hancock the
hell of a name. Five of seven brigade commanders in
Reynolds First Corps were wounded. In addition to Hancock, a brigader,

(02:48:12):
General John Gibbon being wounded. In the second Corps, three
of the ten brigade commanders were killed and three were wounded.

Speaker 2 (02:48:18):
Historian Bruce Catton wrote, the town of Gettysburg looked as
if some universal moving day had been interrupted by catastrophe,
but there was only one documented civilian death during the battle.
It was Jenny Wade, also widely known as Jenny. She
was twenty years old and was hit by a stray
bullet that passed her kitchen in town while she was
making bread. Another notable civilian casualty was making.

Speaker 1 (02:48:38):
Bread in the middle of a freaking battle. I guess
you got to eat some of the soldiers.

Speaker 2 (02:48:47):
Another notable civilian casualty was John Burns, a sixty nine
year old veteran of the World War twelve. The War
of eighteen twelve walked to the front lines in the
first day of battle and participated in heavy combat as
a volunteer, receiving numerous wounds in the process. Damn dude,
light his age and injuries. Burn survived the battle and
lived till eighteen seventy two.

Speaker 1 (02:49:05):
Nice.

Speaker 2 (02:49:05):
Nearly eight thousand had been killed outroute. Nearly eight thousand
people men had been killed outright. These bodies, lying in
the hot summer sun, needed to be buried quickly.

Speaker 1 (02:49:17):
Dude, Can you imagine? Littered everywhere? More than three thousand
horse carcasses were burned in a series of piles south
of town. Townsfolk became violently ill from the stench. Meanwhile,
the town of Gettysburg, with the population of two thousand
and four Hundo, found itself tasked was taking care of
fourteen thousand wounding Union troops and additional eight thousand Confederate prisoners.

(02:49:38):
Confederates lost over thirty one to fifty five battleflags, though
with the Union possibly have lost slightly less than forty
all right.

Speaker 2 (02:49:46):
In the morning of July fourth, the Lee's army, still present,
Meat ordered his cavalry to get into the rear of
Lee's army and heavy rain. Army stared at one another
across the Bloody Fields on the same day that, some
nine hundred miles away, the Vicksburg Garrison surrendered to major
journalist S.

Speaker 1 (02:50:00):
Grant.

Speaker 2 (02:50:01):
Lee had reformed his lines into a defensive position on
Seminary Ridge the night of July third, evacuating the town
of Gettysburg. Confederates remained on the battlefield's west side, hoping
that Mead would attack, but the cautious Union commander decided
against the risk, a desistem for which he would later
be criticized. To just eight thousand men on the field
dead already right, both armies begin to collect the remaining
wounded and bury some of the dead. A proposal by

(02:50:22):
Lee for a prisoner exchange was rejected by me.

Speaker 1 (02:50:25):
Oh wow, nope, so you can keep my guys keeping yours.
Late in the rainy afternoon, Lee started moving the non
fighting portion of his army back to the Virginia Cavalry
under Brigadier General John Embowden, was entrusted to escort the
seventeenth seventeen mile long wagon train of supplies and wounded men,
using a long route through Cashtown and Greencastle to Williams Williamsport, Maryland.

Speaker 2 (02:50:50):
Seventeen miles long ship.

Speaker 1 (02:50:51):
After sunset, the fighting portion of Lee's army began its
retreat to Virginia, using a more direct but more mountainous
route than began that began on the road to Fairfield.
Although Lee knew exactly what he needed to do, mead
situation was very different.

Speaker 2 (02:51:07):
He needed to remain at Gettysburg until he was certainly
was gone. If he left first, he could possibly leave
an opening for Lee to get to Washington or Baltimore.
In addition, the army that left Battlefield first was often
considered the defeated army. Now, if General Mead can complete
his work so gloriously prosecuted thus far by the literal
or substantial destruction of Lee's army, the rebellion.

Speaker 1 (02:51:26):
Will be over. Abraham Lincoln eighteen sixty three.

Speaker 2 (02:51:31):
Man, nobody wants to have pursuit Lee.

Speaker 1 (02:51:36):
Dude right if I let him go. Union Cavalry had
some minor successes pursuing Lee's army. The first major encounter
took place in the mountains of Monterey Pass on the
fourth of July, where Kilpatrick's cavalry division captured one hundred
and fifty to three hundred wagons and took thirteen hundred
and fifteen hundred prisoners begin In July six additional cavalry

(02:51:56):
fight and took place closer to the Potomac River in Maryland.
This is Williamsport Hagerstown area. Lee's army was trapped and
delayed from crossing the Potomac River because rainy weather had
caused the river to swell and the pontoon bridge at
Falling Waters had been destroyed. Meads Infantry did not fully
pursue Lee until the seventh of July, and despite repeated
please from Lincoln and Halleck, was not aggressive enough to

(02:52:18):
destroy Lee's army.

Speaker 2 (02:52:20):
A new pontoon bridge was constructed at Falling Waters, and
lower water levels allowed the Confederates to begin crossing after
dark on July thirteenth. They're just sitting by the river
bank for five days. Although Meads Infantry had reached the
area on July twelfth, it was this cavalry that attacked
the Confederate rear Guard on the morning of July fourteenth.
Union cavalry took five hundred piersoners and the Confederate Brigadier
General Pettgrew was mortally wounded, but Lee's army completed his Potomac,

(02:52:42):
crossing right. The campaign continued south of Potomac until the
Battle of Manassa's Gap will have coming up when Lee
escapes Mead and Mead abandons the pursuit.

Speaker 1 (02:52:53):
I give up, all right? What are you gonna do? Wow?
The news of the Union victory electrified the North headline
in the Philadelphia Inquire proclaimed victory Waterloo eclipsed. New York.
Diarist George Templeton Strong wrote the results of this victory
are priceless. The charm of Robert E. Lee's invincibility is broken.

(02:53:14):
The Army of the Potomac has at last found a
general that can handle it, and has stood nobly up
to its terrible work. In spite of its long, disheartening
list of hard fought failures. Copperheads are pelsied and dumb.
For the moment, at least, government is strength and fourfold
at home and abroad George Templeton's Strong his own diary,

(02:53:36):
page three thirty.

Speaker 2 (02:53:38):
However, the Union enthusiasm soon dissipated as the public realized
that Lee's army had escaped destruction and the war would continue.
Lincoln complained the Secretary of the Navy, Gideon Wells, that
our army held the war in the hollow of their hand,
and they would not close it. Preader General Alexander Webb
wrote to his father on July seventeenth, stating that such
Washington politicians as Chase Seward and others.

Speaker 1 (02:53:59):
Quote unquote disgusted with Mead.

Speaker 2 (02:54:01):
They write to me that Lee really won that battle,
he says.

Speaker 1 (02:54:05):
I mean, really can't take as loss for anybody, even
though there's more casusdis for Confederates. But still but they
still claim it as a Union victory. Of course he
should have done that two days earlier. In fact, the
Confederates had lost militarily and also politically. During the final
hours of the battle, Confederate Vice President Alexander Stevens was
approaching the Union lines at Norfolk, Virginia, under a flag

(02:54:26):
of truths uh oh. Although his formal instructions Confederate President
Jefferson Davis had limited his powers to negotiate on prisoner
exchanges and other procedurer matters, Historian James M. McPherson speculates
they had informal goals of presenting peace overtures. President Davis
had hoped that Stevens would reach Washington from the south,
while Lee's victorious army was marching toward it from the north.

(02:54:49):
That would have worked out well, right.

Speaker 2 (02:54:51):
President Lincoln, upon hearing of the Gettysburg results, refused Stevens's
request to pass through the lines. Furthermore, when the news
reached London, any lingering hopes of European recognition of the
Confederacy were finally abandoned. Henry Adams, whose father was serving
the US and as the US ambassador to the United
Kingdom at the time, wrote, the disasters of the rebels
are unredeemed by even any hope of success. It has
now conceded that all idea of intervention is at an end.

Speaker 1 (02:55:14):
Oh. I know, uh, BRIT's coming to help you guys.
They were thinking about it, and they're strongly thinking about it.
I think they even got people on hips and then
decided they're probably waiting right. Compounding the effects of the
defeat was the end of the siege. Vicksburg was surrendered
to Grant's Federal armies in West on fourth of July,

(02:55:34):
the day after the Gettysburg battle, Constant Confederacy and additional
thirty thousand men, along with their arms and stores. The
immediate reaction to the Southern military and public sectors was
that Gettysburg was a set back, not a disaster. The
sentiment was that Lee had been successful on the first
of July and had fought a valiant battle on a
second and third, but could not dislodge the Union army

(02:55:56):
from the strong defensive position to which it fled. I mean,
they did have a good little spot the Union instead,
and come on, you're walking across three hundred yards of
open field, and that's a stupidity.

Speaker 2 (02:56:07):
Well, the Confederate successfully stood the ground on July fourth
and withdrew only after they realized the Mead would not
attack them.

Speaker 1 (02:56:12):
I think the Pittsburg is in the Gettysburg movie too.
I'm not positive. I'm sure some of it.

Speaker 2 (02:56:17):
The withdrawal of the Potomac that could have been a
disaster was handled masterfully. Furthermore, the Army of the Potomac
had been kept away from Virginia farmlands for the summer,
and all predicted that Mead would be too timid to
threaten them for the rest of the year. Lee himself
had a positive view of the campaign, writing to his
wife that the army had returned quote unquote, rather sooner
than I had originally contemplated, but having accomplished what I

(02:56:38):
proposed on leaving the Rappahannock, which is relieving the valley
of the presidence of the enemy, and drawing his army
north of the Potomac, which.

Speaker 1 (02:56:44):
Did He was quoted as saying to Major John Seddin,
brother of the Confederate Secretary of War, He says, Sir,
we did whip them at Gettysburg, and it will be
seen for the next six months that army will be
as quiet as a sucking dove. Some Southern publications, such
as the Charleston Mercury, were very critical of these actions.

(02:57:07):
On eighth of August, Lee offered as the resignation to
President Davis, who quickly rejected it. Come on, He's like, oh,
you just calm down. Then.

Speaker 2 (02:57:17):
November nineteen, eighteen sixty three, President EU Abraham Lincoln delivered
the Gettysburg Address, considered one of the best known speeches
in American history. Crowded citizens and soldiers surrounded him. Ravages
of war were still evident in the Gettysburg more than
four months later, when November nineteenth, the Soldier's National Cemetery
was dedicated. During this during the ceremony, President Lincoln honored

(02:57:38):
the fallen and redefined the purpose of the war in
his Historic Gettysburg address.

Speaker 1 (02:57:41):
Yeah, it was a historic one, not right. There were
seventy two Medals of Vannar awarded for the Gettysburg Campaign
sixty four, which were actions taken during the battle itself.
The first recipient was awarded in December eighteen, sixty four,
while the most recent was awarded to Lieutenant Alonzo Cushing
in twenty fourteen. When they do that one hundred years later, right,

(02:58:03):
doesn't matter more than that? Does it matter now? The
nature of may?

Speaker 2 (02:58:08):
I guess?

Speaker 1 (02:58:08):
The nature of the Battle of Gettysburg had been the
subject of controversy, Although not seen as overwhelmingly significant at
the time, particularly since the war continued for almost two
more years, in retrospect, it has often been cited as
the turning point of the Civil War, usually in combination
with the fall of Vicksburg the following day. Yeah, if
Vicksburg didn't follow the next the next day, I think
it would not been that much of a right, that's

(02:58:30):
the deal.

Speaker 2 (02:58:31):
This is based on the observation that after Gettysburg, Lee's
army conducted no more strategic offensives. His army merely reacted
to the initiative of Ulysses Grant in eighteen sixty four
and sixty five, and by the speculative viewpoint of the
Lost Cause, writers that a Confederate victory at Gettysburg might
have resulted in the end of the war.

Speaker 1 (02:58:48):
Posi because they were not too far away from Washington.

Speaker 2 (02:58:50):
After that, the Army of the Potomac had won a victory.
It might be less of a victory than mister Lincoln
had hoped for, but it was never less of victory,
and because of that, it was no longer possible for
the Confederacy to win the war. The North might still
lose it, to be sure, that the soldiers or the
people should lose heart, but outright defeat was no longer
in the cars right, Bruce can glory road right, and

(02:59:11):
that basically we got this.

Speaker 1 (02:59:12):
We just don't do no turnovers in the last two minutes.
We're good. It's currently a widely held view that Gettysburg
was a decisive victory for the Union, but the term
is considered imprecise. It is inarguable that Lee's defensive on
the third of July was turned back decisively, and his
campaign Pennsylvania was terminated prematurely, although the Confederates at the
time argued that this was a temporary setback and that

(02:59:34):
the goals of the campaign were largely mets. However, when
the more common definition of decisive victory is intended, and
in this speedab old military victory of a battle that
determines or significantly influences the ultimate result of a conflict,
historians are there divided well.

Speaker 2 (02:59:50):
For example, David J. Iker called Gettysburg as strategic loss
for the Confederacy.

Speaker 1 (02:59:55):
James M.

Speaker 2 (02:59:55):
McPherson wrote that Lee and his men would go on
to earn further laurels, but they never again possessed the
power and reputation they carried into Pennsylvania those palmy summer
days of eighteen sixty three right, However, though Herman Hadaway
and Archer Jones wrote that the strategic impact of the
Battle of Gettysburg was fairly limited.

Speaker 1 (03:00:11):
Steven E.

Speaker 2 (03:00:12):
Woodworth wrote Gettysburg proved only the near impossibility of decisive
action in the Eastern theater. Edwin Coddington pointed out the
heavy toll on the Army of the Potomac and that
after the battle, Meat no longer possessed a truly effective
instrument for the accomplishments of his task.

Speaker 1 (03:00:26):
It's true too, if Lee had more man and he
had more artillery. Dude, I'm telling you, it's ridiculous. What
they should have been doing is stocking up on Stewart's
everybody on horses. This go, baby, go. The army needed
a thorough reorganization with new commanders and fresh troops, but

(03:00:48):
these changes were not made until Grant appeared on the
scene in March of eighteen sixty four. Joseph T. Glatthar wrote,
lost opportunities and near successes plagued the Army of Northern
Virginia daring its northern invasion. Yet after Gettysburg, without the
distractions of duty as invading force, without the breakdown and discipline,

(03:01:08):
the Armony of Northern Virginia remained an extremely formative force.
Sorts ed Beers wrote Lee's invasion of the North had
been a costly failure. Nevertheless, the Army of the Potomac
had simply preserved a strategic stalemate in the eastern theater
all right well.

Speaker 2 (03:01:26):
Historian Alan Guayslow Guayzo Guayozo notes that Gettysburg and Pittsburg
did not end the war and that the war would
go on for two more years. No shit, no, Just
so you guys know more, I also know that a
little more than a year later, Federal armies appeared hopelessly
mirrored and sieges at Petersburg and Atlanta's true. Peter Carmichael

(03:01:47):
refers to the military context for the Armies. He says,
the horrendous losses at Chancellorsville and Gettysburg, which effectively destroys
Lee's offensive capacity, okay, implying that these cumultive losses were
not the result of a single battle.

Speaker 1 (03:01:59):
Right.

Speaker 2 (03:02:00):
Thomas goss Right in the U. S. Army's Military Review
Journal Review Journal on the definition of decisive and the
application of that description to Gettysburg concludes, for all that
was decided accomplish the bat help, Gettysburg fails to earn
the label decisive battle.

Speaker 1 (03:02:13):
It doesn't. But if Stuart would have been there on
the very first.

Speaker 2 (03:02:17):
Day, if he was then through the east on a
horse with no name, dude was just Roman.

Speaker 1 (03:02:25):
And if Stonewall only got murdered in the middle of
the woods, that's probably true. Idiot military historian John Keegan
agrees Gettysburg was a landmark battle, the largest of the
war and it would not be surpassed. The Union had
restored to its to its belief in certain victory, and
the loss dispirited the Confederacy. If not exactly a decisive battle,

(03:02:45):
Gettysburg was the end of the Confederate use of Northern
Virginia as a military buffer's own. That's true, and this
became the setting for Grant's overland campaign. Prior to Gettysburg,
Robert E.

Speaker 2 (03:02:57):
Lee had established a reputation as an almost in vincibilg general,
achieving studying victories against superior numbers, although usually at the
cost of high casualties to his army during the seven
days the Northern Virginia campaign Fredericksburg and Chancellsville, only the
Maryland campaign, with its tactically inconclusive Battle of Antietam, had
been less than successful. Therefore, historians such as Foller, glat Harr,

(03:03:19):
and Sears have attempted to explain how Lee's winning streak
was interrupted so dramatically at Gettysburg.

Speaker 1 (03:03:25):
Although the issue is tainted by attempts to portray history
and Lee's reputation and a manders supporting different partisan gohats.
The major factors in Lee's loss arguably can be attributed
to one its over confidence and invincibility of his men adults,
the performance of his subordinates and his management thereof three
his failing health, oh poor guy, and four the performance

(03:03:48):
of his opponent George G. Mead and the army of
the Potomac. Well, don't give him so much credit there,
because the Union there, where they were at, where they
were set up, was perfect or a defensive battle. That's
why they didn't attack. I don't think the Union attacked
at all, did they throughout the battle? That one that
failed with their cavalry right about it, and all the

(03:04:09):
other ones were led by Confederates just getting mowed down
where they're trying to cross five football fields. Throughout the campaign,
Lee was influenced by the belief that his men were invincible.
Most of Lee's experiences with the Army with the Army
in Northern Virginia had convinced him of this, including the
great victory at Chancersville in early May and the route
of the Union troops at Gettysburg on the first of July.

Speaker 2 (03:04:27):
Come on hanging out of that first of July there,
But since Morrell plays an important role in military victory
when other factors are equal. Lee did not want to
dampen his army's desire to fight and resist its suggestions,
principally by Longstreet, to withdraw from the recently captured Gettysburg
to select a ground more favorable to his army. War
correspondent Peter Alexander wrote that Lee acted probably under the

(03:04:49):
impression that his troops were able to carry any position,
however formidable. If such was the case, he committed an
error such however, as the ablest commanders will sometimes fall into.
Lee himself concurred with this judgment right into President Davis.
No blame can be attached to the army for its
failure to accomplish what was projected by me, nor should
it be censured for the unreasonable expectations of the public.

(03:05:10):
I am alone to blame and perhaps expecting too much
of its prowess and valor.

Speaker 1 (03:05:14):
True.

Speaker 2 (03:05:15):
I mean, well overall, why can't you just say I
overestimated the Union.

Speaker 1 (03:05:19):
That's not very much what happened there. I mean, he
was a great Union general and knew what the army was,
and the South were very terribly, terribly terribly tardy.

Speaker 2 (03:05:32):
Has the reputation of taking on armies that were twice
his size and beating them, so he was like unrested
the Maiden Union.

Speaker 1 (03:05:38):
Exactly what happened. The most controversial assessments of the battle
involved the formance of Lee's subordinates. The dominant theme of
the Lost the Lost Cause writers and many other historians
is that Lee's senior generals failed him in crucial ways,
directly causing the battle. The loss of the battle Sorry.
The alternative viewpoint is that Lee did not manage his
subordinates adequately and did not buy a compensate for their shortcomings.

(03:06:02):
Two of his because he gave so much, so much
lenience to his guys. Dude, he didn't follow up on
what they're doing. Two of his core commanders, Richard Ewell
and A. P. Hill, had only recently been promoted and
were not fully accustomed to Lee's style of command, which
was Hey, Bud, I'm gonna give you an order and
expect you to do it right in which provided only

(03:06:23):
general ejectives and guidance to their former commander, right Stonewall Jackson,
But Jackson are he knew Lee and how to run shit.

Speaker 2 (03:06:32):
Lee would just say, hey, man, we need to go
aheare and take these guys and then Jackson would be
the one that come up to how to do it right.

Speaker 1 (03:06:37):
Jackson translated these into detailed specific orders to his division commanders, though, right,
all right, and so these guys didn't get that after that.

Speaker 2 (03:06:45):
All four of Lee's principal commanders received criticism during the
campaign and battle. Longstreet suffered most severely from the wrath
of the Lost Cause were authors, not the least because
he directly criticized Lee and postbellum writings and became a
Republican after the war. Really, his critics accused him of
attacking much later than Lee intended on July second, squandering
a chance to hit the Union Army before its defensive

(03:07:06):
positions had firmed up. They also questioned his lack of
motiv motivation to attack strongly on July second and third,
because he had argued that the army should have maneuvered
to a place where it would force me to attack them.

Speaker 1 (03:07:16):
Yes, he was right.

Speaker 2 (03:07:17):
The alternative view is that Lee was in close contact
with long Street during the battle, agreed to delays on
the morning of July second, and never criticized Longstreet's performance.
There is also considerable speculation that what an attack might
have looked like before Dan Sickles moved the third Corps
towards the Peach Orchard.

Speaker 1 (03:07:32):
Right, Jeff Stewart deprived Lee of cavalry intelligence, daring a
good part of the campaign by taking his three best
brigades on a path away from the armies. No, because
that's what Lee to him to do. He wanted to.
Lee agreed right. This argue we led to Lee's surprise
that Hooker's vigorous pursue the engagement on the July first
to escalate into the full battle prematurely, and it also

(03:07:53):
prevented Lee from understanding the full disposition of the enemy
on the second July. The disagreements for guardan Stewart's call
ability for the situation originate in the relatively vague orders
issued by Lee, but most modern historians agree that both
generals were responsible to some extent for the failure of
the cavalry's mission early in the campaigns they both suck.

Speaker 2 (03:08:12):
Richard Euell has been universally criticized for failing to seize
the high ground on the afternoon of the first of July.
Once again, the disagreement centers on Lee's orders was provided
general guidance for Ewele to act if practicable. Many historians
speculate that Stonewall Jackson, if he had survived Chancellorsville, would
have aggressively seized Culp's Hill, rendered Cemetery Hill indefensible, would
have changed the entire complexion of the battle. I think

(03:08:33):
so a differently worded order from Lee might have made
the difference. With the subordinate right, let's Lee's wat too.

Speaker 1 (03:08:38):
Right.

Speaker 2 (03:08:38):
Can't just be not everybody's Stonewall right. Some people need
a clear freaking uh explanation.

Speaker 1 (03:08:44):
And Lee was always like ap. Hill has received some
criticism for his ineffective performance. His action caused the battle
to begin and then escalate underly first, despite Lee's orders
not to bring on a general engagement, although historians point
out that Hill kept Lee well informed of his actions
during the day. However, Hill's illness minimized his personal involvement

(03:09:04):
in the remainder of the battle, and Lee took the
explicit step of temporarily removing troops from Hill's corps and
giving them to Longstreet for pickets charge.

Speaker 2 (03:09:12):
In addition to Hill's illness, Lee's performance was affected by
heart troubles, which would eventually lead to his death in
eighteen seventy oh, poor guy. He had been diagnosed with
paracarditis by his staff physicians in March of eighteen sixty three,
though modern doctors believe he had a in fact suffered
a heart attack. Probably as a final factor, Lee foiced
a new in formidable opponent in George Mead, and the

(03:09:33):
Army of Potomac faught well on its home territory. Although
new to his army command, Mead deployed his horses relatively effectively,
relied on strong subordinates such as Winfield Hancock to make
decisions where and when they were needed, took great advantage
of defensive positions, nimbly shifted defensive resources on interior lines
to Perry's strong threats, and, unlike some of his predecessors,
stood his ground throughout the battle in the face of

(03:09:54):
fierce Confederitate attacks. It's true, most of them just like
oh what's his name?

Speaker 1 (03:10:00):
And mclenan, and they were just like, we gotta go.
Lee was quoted before the battle as saying, Mead would
commit no blunders on my front, and if I make one,
we'll make a haste to take advantage of it. He
knew that prediction proved to be correct at Gettysburg. Steven
Sears wrote, the fact of the matter is that George Mead, unexpected,

(03:10:21):
unexpectedly and against all odds, thoroughly out General Robert E.
Lee at Gettysburg, because he Lee was used to everybody
just running off like he said, and that didn't happen.
Edwin B. Cottington wrote that the soldiers of the Army
of Potomac received a sense of triumph which grew into
an imperishable faith in themselves. The men knew what they

(03:10:43):
could do under an extremely competent In general, one of
the lesser ability and courage could well have lost the battle, Yes,
and if it would have been McLennan or something Hooker.

Speaker 2 (03:10:53):
Mead had his own detractors as well, though similar to
the situation with Lee, Mead suffered partisan and attacks about
his performance at Gettysburg, but he had the misfortune of
experiencing them in person. Supporters of his predecessor, Hooker l
ambassaid Mead for the before the US Congress's Joint Committee
on the Conduct of War, where radical Republicans suspected that
Mead was a copperhead and tried in vain to relieve
him from command. Daniel Sickles and Daniel Butterfield accused me

(03:11:15):
of planning to retreat from Gettysburg during the battle. Most politicians,
including Lincoln, criticized Mead for what they considered to be
his half harder pursuit of lee after well.

Speaker 1 (03:11:23):
They all do that, right, like you come on here
and run after this guy.

Speaker 2 (03:11:27):
A number of meads most competent subordinates, Winfield, Handcock, John Gibbon,
Gubner Warren, and Henry Hunt, all heroes of the battle,
defended Mead in print, but Mead was embittered by.

Speaker 1 (03:11:37):
The overall experience.

Speaker 2 (03:11:38):
Yeah, it's because the North just a bunch of idiots,
all their politicians.

Speaker 1 (03:11:43):
And Meads as fire the best general until Grant. Actually,
meat is fire better than Grant. Well maybe Grant. What
did he do exactly?

Speaker 2 (03:11:51):
He came in at the right time when the South
was already pretty much gone.

Speaker 1 (03:11:56):
Everybody thinks he's so great, and he's one of the
worst presidents ever, terrible. I don't think he was a
terrible board president, neither here nor there on him. Gettysburg
National Cemetery and Gettysburg National Military Park are maintained by
the US National Park Services as two of the nation's
most revered historical landmarks. Although Gettysburg is one of the

(03:12:17):
best known of the Civil War battlefields, its two faces
threats to its preservation and interpretation. Why leave it alone,
people morons? Many historically significant locations on the battlefield lyleside
the boundaries of Gettysburg National Military Park and our Vulnert
rolled to residential commercial development military park. Some preservation successes

(03:12:38):
have emerged in recent years, though two proposals to open
a casino at Gettysburg were defeated in two thousand and
six and most recently again in twenty eleven, when public
pressure forced the Pennsylvania Game and the Control Board to
reject the proposed gambling hub at the intersection of Routes
fifteen and thirty near East Cavalry Field.

Speaker 2 (03:12:55):
A bunch of thy sons, let's put a casino here.

Speaker 1 (03:12:58):
It is.

Speaker 2 (03:13:00):
The American Battlefield Trusts also successfully purchased and transferred ninety
five acres at the former site of the Gettysburg Country
Club to the control of the US Department of the
Interior in twenty eleven. Less than half of the over
eleven thousand, five hundred acres on the old Gettysburg Battlefield
have been preserved for posterity.

Speaker 1 (03:13:16):
Thus far, Nice American.

Speaker 2 (03:13:17):
Battlefield Trusts and its partners who are these partners have
acquired and preserved twelve hundred and forty two acres of
the battlefield and more than forty separate transactions since nineteen
ninety seven. Some of these acres are now among the
four nine hundred and ninety eight acres just put two
more of the National Military Park of Gettysburg.

Speaker 1 (03:13:34):
I mean, fantastic. Twenty fifteen, the Trusts made one of
his most important and expensive acquisitions, paying six million dollars
for a four acre parcel that included the stone house
that Confederate General and Robert E. Lee used as his
headquarters during the battle. I mean, I guess the trust R.
How is it that one hundred and fifty years later
they still don't have that? All? Right? Well, the trust
raised a motel restaurant in other buildings within the parcel

(03:13:56):
to restore Lee's headquarters and the site to where they
wore two their wartime appearance. Fantastic, adding interpretive signs. It
opened the site to public in October of twenty sixteen.
Fantastic At the fiftieth.

Speaker 2 (03:14:09):
Anniversary Gettysburg Reunion in nineteen thirteen, fifty thousand veterans attended.
According to a nineteen thirty Army medical report. Historian Carol
Reardon Wright set attendance included at least thirty five thousand
Union veterans, and though estimates of attendees ran as high
as fifty six thousand, only a few more than seven
thousand were Confederates, mostly from Virginia North Carolina. Some veterans

(03:14:30):
reenacted pickets charge in a spare of reconciliation, a meeting
that carried great emotional force for both sides. We imagine
there's a ceremonial mass handshake across the stone wall and
cemetery ridge night.

Speaker 1 (03:14:40):
Dude. Can you imagine being the actual fighters and reenacting
the battle? Right? Oh my, they just start killing each
other real. At the seventy fifth anniversary of Gettysburg in
nineteen thirty eight, three hundred and thirty three ves and
four hundred and seventy nine Confederate veterans.

Speaker 2 (03:14:56):
At look at that twenty twenty five years and are
almost all gone.

Speaker 1 (03:15:01):
Film records survive of two Gettysburg reunions held on the battlefield.
The Battle of Gettysburg was depicted in nineteen ninety three
film Gettysburg, based on Michael Shara's nineteen seventy five novel
The Killer Angels. The film and the novel focused primarily
on the actions of Joshua Lawrence Chamberlaine, John Buford and
Robert E. Lee and James Longstreet Dan Bell. They didn't all, right,

(03:15:23):
there you go, that's gonna do it for the largest battle.
Stupidity of the war. Stupidity. Let's walk across three football
fields while there's fifteen thousand guys pointing guns at us.
More ridiculous, and then have to climb a fence, so
you basically stopped right there. It's like trying to get

(03:15:43):
out a crowded movie theater with one exit. It's dumb. Wow.
That's the stupidest thing in the world. Whoever, oh wow, whoever? Right.
Battle Fairfield it was a cavalry engagement. It was Darren.

(03:16:03):
Gettysburg campaign happened on the third of July and eighteen
sixty three near Fairfield, Pennsylvania, concurrently with the Battle of Gettysburg.
Although it was not a formal part of this battle,
Fairfield had been the site of combat on the twenty
first of June, when the fourteenth Virginia Cavalry of briger
General Elbert Jenkins Mounted Infantry Brigade had used Monterey Pass

(03:16:24):
to conduct a raid near Fairfield. Following an engagement with
the first troop Philadelphia City Cavalry. The Confederates withdrew into
the Cumberland Valley. I think we did that, didn't we?
Monory Pass?

Speaker 2 (03:16:35):
I remember that maybe much of that cavalry of the
Army of Northern Virginia had accompanied Major General Jeb Stewart
on his ride around the Union Army of the Potomac
through Maryland and south central Pennsylvania. Lee had retained several
brigades to guard the mountain passes as he advanced through
the Shenandoah and Cumberland Valleys and to scout Federal positions.
Among the latter brigades was that of Brigadier.

Speaker 1 (03:16:55):
General Willim E.

Speaker 2 (03:16:55):
Grumble Jones, who was the celebrated Laurel Brigade that had
once been come in by Turner Ashby. Jones had detached
one of his best commands, which is the thirty fifth
Battalion of Virginia Cavalry, to accompany the infantry of Jubile Early,
but retained the bulk of his command. Jones's brigade had
been raided in the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad in West
Virginia and Maryland before being recalled by Lee.

Speaker 1 (03:17:17):
Get those railroads. They asked into Pennsylvania, crossing the Potomac
River on the first of July, where Jones detached to
twelfth Virginia Cavalry to guard the ford, and then they
camped at Chambersburg the finally night, Jones's force had been
reduced to the sixth, seventh, and eleventh Virginia Cavalry and
Preston's choose battery of horse artillery. Horse artillery? Huh what

(03:17:40):
about that? Is probably horses pulling guns. Jones reached Fairfood
on a third of July in response to Lee's orders
to secure the vital Hagerstown Road. Reports of a slow
moving Confederate wagon train in the vicinity had attracted the
attention of newly commissioned Union Brigadier General Wesley Merritt, who
ordered the sixth US Cavalry. Undered Major Samuel Starr, that is.

Speaker 2 (03:18:03):
Saul Stars descendant possible?

Speaker 1 (03:18:07):
Hey, he said, Hey, Major Major Star, go scout Fairfield
and locate those wagons for me. Bud, he said, we'll
get on it. Once in Fairfield, Major Star learned that
a wagon train had just rolled out of town and
was heading into cash Town. He divided his four hundred
man into three detachments and began the search for the wagons.

Speaker 2 (03:18:27):
One party soon encountered the pickets of Jones's seventh Virginia Cavalry,
and withdrew and additional Confederates rode up.

Speaker 1 (03:18:32):
They're like, oh shit.

Speaker 2 (03:18:33):
Informed of the presidence of the enemy, Star road to
a small ridge and dismounted his men in fields and
an orchard on both sides of the road. He threw
back a mounted charge of the seventh Virginia just as
choose battery unlimbered and opened fire on the Federal cavalrymen
supported by the sixth Virginia and the seventh Virginia, and
I was supported by the sixth Virginia. The seventh Virginia
charged again, clearing stars, forced off the ridge and inflicting

(03:18:54):
heavy losses.

Speaker 1 (03:18:54):
Oh Star, what are you doing about?

Speaker 2 (03:18:56):
Jones pursued the retreating Federals for three miles to the
Fairfield Gap, but was unable to to catch his quarry.
How not, Federal losses were six moided twenty eight wounded,
two hundred and eight uncounted, for which were mostly prisoners.

Speaker 1 (03:19:09):
Yeah. Whatever, They probably left him anyway, the screw Confederates.
The losses for the Confederates were eight killed, twenty one wounded,
and five missing. Jones camp near Fairfield and kept the
road open for Lee's retreat, then guarded the rear of
the Army of Northern Virginia. Slogged through the Fairfield cap
in a driving rainstorm on a fifth of July after
they were already retreating. After they're hanging their heads low.

(03:19:31):
Private George Platt and Irish immigrant serving in Troop H
of the six US Cavalry. He was awarded the Medal
of Honor on the twelfth of July and eighteen ninety
five for his actions at Fairfield. His citation reads, seized
a regimental flag upon the death of the standard bear
in a hand to hand fight and prevented it from
falling to the hands of the enemy. Taking my flag

(03:19:53):
flag was a major thing. Yeah. His commander was Lieutenant
Lewis H.

Speaker 2 (03:19:56):
Carpenter, who was awarded the Medal of Honor and the
Indian War after fighting uh ended, many wounded soldiers were
cared for in the town of Fairfield, Major Samuel Starr
was taken to the widow, Sarah Amanda Blight's house, which
is likely where his arm was amputated.

Speaker 1 (03:20:12):
Other accounts mentioned that the.

Speaker 2 (03:20:13):
Rufus c Swop House, which was across the Fairfield Inn,
and Saint John's Lucent Church Lutheran Church were also used
as hospitals, and probable that other buildings in town were
used to them.

Speaker 1 (03:20:23):
Says, wherever anybody landed, that's where they're used. I wonder
your vote start. Got it with the widow. That's usually
how it happened. Back in the day. Some man rose
in in town need his arm dropped off.

Speaker 2 (03:20:35):
The widow, Sarah BLITHA didn't say if he was married
at all. All right, it's gonna lead us to the
fight that Monterey Pass or Monterey Gap, whatever you prefer.
On the evening and early morning hours July fourth through

(03:20:56):
the fifth, while other competitors are retreat through Fairfield, there's
another one retreating to the cash Town Gap and the
Monterey Pass. The wagons headed for the Monterey Pass followed
the route of Major General George Pickett's Division, which is
moving to the rear as escorts for the Union prisoners
of war from the battle. Early on the fourth, Mead

(03:21:17):
sent his cavalry to strike the enemy's rear end lines
of communication so as to harass and annoy him as
much as possible. In his retreat, eight Calvary brigades took
the field. Colonel j Irving Gregg's brigade moved towards Cashtown
via Hunterstown and the Mammasburg Road, but all the others
moved south of Gettysburg. Brigader General Judson Kilpatrick's Cavary Division
joined up with the brigade of Colonel Pennihue at Emmitsburg, Maryland,

(03:21:41):
and they were ordered to locate and destroy heavy train
of wagons that have been spotted by a Union signal station,
assuming that Yule's Corps wagon train was actually the main
supply train for Lee's army. Kill Patrick moved out aggressively
at ten a m July fourth, proceeding west on the
Waynesboro Emmitsburg Turnpike toward the village of Fountaindale, OH jeb

(03:22:02):
Old jeb Stewart. He understood the importance of securing the
mountain passes, and he assigned the primary responsibility to the
Calvary brigades of Brigadier General's Beverly Robertson and William Grumble Jones.
Recognizing the vulnerability of Ewle's immense wagon train in the
narrow Monterey Pass, Jones asked permission from Stewart to use
his entire brigade to defend it. Stewart he allowed the
six and seventh Virginia Cavalry Regiments and a battery of

(03:22:24):
horse artillery under Captain Roger Preston Chew to be assigned.
Seventh Virginia was soon recalled, replaced by the fourth North
Carolina Cavalry of Robertson's brigade, OH Brigader General George Custer,
who received intelligence from a local civilian that the rear
of Ewle's wagon train was approaching a large summer resort
hotel named Monterey Springs, which sat about the pass.

Speaker 1 (03:22:44):
Despite being warned of a.

Speaker 2 (03:22:45):
Confederate artillery replacement ahead, Kilpatrick orders an entire force to
advance a single twelve pounder Napoleon of Courtney's battery. They
fired a shot at the Union horsemen, but the gunners
withdrew before they could be attacked. The remaining Confederate force
on top of the road up the hill to the
paths consisted of a detachment of twenty dismounted calvarymen under
Captain George Emack from the first Maryland Calvary Battalion, along

(03:23:08):
with a single cannon. As Union troopers from the fifth
Michigan approached MX men, the cannon opened fire and eight
of the Marylanders conducted a mounted charge into the head
of the Union column. In the dark and heavy rain.
The Union cavalrymen were taken by surprise, and many of
them retreated in panic. The Confederate cavalrymen dismounted took up
positions on both sides of the road. When the Federals returned,

(03:23:31):
eMac's men waited impatiently until they were about ten yards
away in open fire. The Union cavalrymen were convinced they
were opposed by a much larger force. While this standoff continued,
mules wagons were moving as swiftly as possible to get
out of the range of the Union cavalry threat. By
the time Grumble Jones was able to make his way
to the scene through the crowded roads, the small Maryland

(03:23:51):
detachment had been driven back several hundred yards almost to
the road junction being used by the wagon train. By
this time, less than half of the train had made
it safely to the pass. Jones he promised reinforcements from
the sixth Virginia Cavalry, and eMac ordered his men to
hold their ground and conserve their ammo. Meanwhile, elements of
Jones's cavalry attacked Hughes's brigade in the rear of Kilpatrick's column.

(03:24:14):
Killpatrick then brought forward two guns of horse artillery from
Alexander Pennington's battery m second US Artillery, which was supported
by men of.

Speaker 1 (03:24:21):
The first Ohio Cavalry.

Speaker 2 (03:24:23):
South of the hotel, a bridge on the road had
not been destroyed by the Confederates, and Colonel Russer Alger
of the fifth Michigan Cavalry requested reinforcements to make a
mounted charge across the bridge. Killpatrick ordered Custer to make
the attack with this full Michigan brigade. The advance of
the fifth and sixth Michigan Cavalry regiments was slowed by
the darkness, difficult terrain, and dense undergrowth. Tiny group of Marylanders,

(03:24:46):
supported by a few cavalry from the north, the fourth
North Carolina of Robertson's brigade. They had to lay the
unit advance for nearly five hours about three pm or
am July fifth. As a Michigan brig they had continued
to move slowly forward. Kilpatrick sent in the first West
Virginia Cavalry under Major Charles KPart kp Part. Six hundred

(03:25:07):
and forty officers and men charged what they imagined to
be five times their numbers, and hand to hand fighting
with sabers and revolvers, they seized the Confederate cannon, and
KPart was later awarded the Metal Honor for his gallant service.
The road was then opened to attack the wagon train,
which the Union the Union cavalry men did. They crashed
into the column and now lightly protected wagons. Custer and

(03:25:29):
his enthusiasm for the charge, was thrown from his horse
and nearly captured. Grumble Jones also narrowly avoided capture himself.
Penitent's artillery began shelling the wagons toward the rear of
the column, splintering carriages and blocking any opportunity for retreat.
The Union and Confederate cavalrymen became thoroughly mixed up among
the wagons and the enemies were unable to differentiate themselves

(03:25:49):
into darkness. Several friendly fire incidents occurred as Union troopers
accidentally fired on their own lines. Union troopers rode all
the way through the wagon train until they reached Ules
infantry and captured large number of prisoners before returning to
repeat the effort. They erected hasty barricades in front of
the wagon train to protect what they had captured. More
than thirteen hundred Confederates, which were primarily wounded men and ambulances,

(03:26:13):
but also slaves, free blacks, and some cavalrymen that were
all captured and most of the wagons destroyed. Many of
the Mules survived and returned over to the Calvary court.
Quartermaster Kilpatrick later reported that he had destroyed Mule's entire
wagon train, although he had in fact encountered only a
fraction of the full forty mile long train. The Confederates
lost about two hundred and fifty wagons, though and ambulances

(03:26:35):
with cavities from Iverson's and Daniel's brigades and of three
artillery battalions, as well as thirty seven wagons from Major
General Robert Rhodes's division.

Speaker 1 (03:26:44):
Quartermaster trains Following the fight at the past.

Speaker 2 (03:26:49):
Kilpatrick's division reached Smithsburg round two pm July fifth arrived,
arrived from over South Mount with the brigades of Chambers
and Ferguson, and that's where our next Battle.

Speaker 1 (03:27:01):
Of Boonsboro takes place.

Speaker 2 (03:27:03):
And then we'll get to Boonsboro, Funkstown Women's Sport, and
all that other good stuff coming up after this. The
history of the Monoey Pass Battle is commemorated by the
Monterey Pass Battlefield Park and Museum.

Speaker 1 (03:27:16):
Which opened in twenty fifteen.

Speaker 2 (03:27:18):
Multiple historical markers are present near the site, including a
Pennsylvania marker which was installed in nineteen forty a Michigan
historical marker dedicated at the museum's opening. The Michigan Historical
marker is one of eight located outside of the state
of Michigan.

Speaker 1 (03:27:32):
Oh Wow.

Speaker 2 (03:27:33):
A forty minute documentary on the battle entitled ten Days
and Still They Come The Battle at Monterey Pass that
was released in twenty eleven.

Speaker 1 (03:27:40):
Don't know where though, you have to research it or
you can just listen right here. So, yeah, that's Monterey
Pass coming up. Next, we'll have the Battle of.

Speaker 2 (03:27:49):
Williamsport. As these old Confederates continue to retreat, but the
Battle of william Sport, also known as the Battle of
Hager's Town or Falling Waters, took place from July sixth
to July sixteenth, eighteen sixty three, in Washington County, Maryland,
as part of that Gettysburg campaign. During the night of

(03:28:10):
the fourth morning of July fifth, General Robert Eli's battered
Confederate army begins its retreat from Gettysburg, moving southwest on
the Fairfield Road toward Hagerstown and Williamsport. Screened by JEB
and its cavalry. The Union infantry followed cautiously the next day,
converging on Middletown, Maryland. July seventh, Brigader General John D.
And Bowden stop Brigadier General John Buford Junion cavalry from

(03:28:33):
occupying Williamsport and destroying Confederate trains. On July sixth, Brigader
General Judson Kilpatrick's cavalry drove to Confederate cavalry brigades through
Hagerstown before being forced to retire by the arrival of
the rest of Stuart's command. Lee's infantry reached the rain
swollen Potomac River but could not cross the ponto bridge,
having been destroyed by a cavalry raid.

Speaker 1 (03:28:52):
Oh gotta build another one. July eleventh, eighteen sixty three.
Generally in Trent stay in a line protecting the river
crossing the Williamsport and waited for Major General George Mead's
Army of the Potomac to advance. July twelfth, Mead reached
the vicinity and probe the Confederate line. Thirteenth to July
Skirmishing was heavy along the lines as Mead positioned his

(03:29:12):
forces for an attack. In the meantime, the river fell
enough to allow the construction of a new bridge, and
Generally his army began crossing the river after dark on
the thirteenth Look at that Oh morning of fourteenth to
July eighteen sixty three, Killpatrick and Beaufort's cavalry divisions approached
from the north and east, respectively, before allowing Beaufort to
gain a position on the flank and rear. Killpatrick attacked

(03:29:33):
the rearguard division of Major General Henry Heath, taking more
than five hundred prisoners.

Speaker 2 (03:29:39):
Heath, Yeah, we were saying, we were saying Heath the
one episode and then I watched U, I watched Gettysburg
and it's definitely Heath.

Speaker 1 (03:29:49):
General Henry Heath taken more than five hundred prisoners. Confederate
Brigader General Johnston Pettigrew was mortally wounded in the fight. Prew.

Speaker 2 (03:29:56):
Oh, yeah, that's the one that we discussed in the
Gettysburg episode sixty. Brigader General David Gregg's calvary approached Shepherdstown,
where the brigades of Brigadier Generals Fitzhugh Lee and John R. Chamberliss,
supported by Colonel Milton F. Ferguson's brigade, held the Potomac
River Fords against the Union infantry. Oh Fitzhugh, Lee and
Chamberless attacked greg who held out against several attacks and sorties,
fighting sporadically until nightfall, when he withdrew the American battlefold.

Speaker 1 (03:30:20):
Trust and its partners happened. I would like to know
who these partners are.

Speaker 2 (03:30:23):
Games They preserve three and a half acres of the
battlefield at Williamsport through mid twenty twenty three and.

Speaker 1 (03:30:29):
Right moving on to the Battle of Boonsboro July eighth,
eighteen sixty three, is that when that took place Washington County,
Maryland as part of the retreat from Gettysburg. During the
Gettysburg Campaign, Confederate Major General Jeb Stewart faced a difficult

(03:30:50):
assignment locate the Union Calvary and prevented from severeine General
Lee's avenue of retreat to Williamsport and the Potomac River.

Speaker 2 (03:30:56):
This dude, Jeb, is just always searching for something.

Speaker 1 (03:31:00):
The result was the biggest and most sustained Calvary battle
in Maryland during this campaign. The Battle of Boomsboro occurred
along the National Road on Wednesday, July eighth, eighteen sixty three.

Speaker 2 (03:31:10):
A Right Stuart five Calvary brigades advanced from the direction
of Funkstown and Williamsport. He first encountered Federal resistance at
Beaver Creek Bridge, four and a half miles north of Boonsboro.
By eleven am, the Compeditate cavalry had pushed toward or
pushed forward to several mudsoak fields were Fighting on horseback
was nearly impossible, Right forcing Stuart's troopers and brigular Generals h. Judson, Killpatrick's,

(03:31:30):
and John Bauford Union Calvary divisions to dismount.

Speaker 1 (03:31:33):
And slug it out like in Patrol, oh.

Speaker 2 (03:31:35):
By mid afternoon, the Union left under Killpatrick crumbled as
the Federals ran low on Ammo under increasing Confederate pressure.
Stewart's advance ended about seven pm. However, when Union infantry arrived,
the first to engage in battle since Skettiesburg.

Speaker 1 (03:31:47):
They're like, uh, we'll fight your cavary. Man on the
ground Boom not touched infantries.

Speaker 2 (03:31:53):
Stuart withdrew north to Funk's Down, but he had gained
another day for Lee's retreating army. Two days later, he
would again delay of the Federal pursuit at the Battle
of Funkstown.

Speaker 1 (03:32:01):
Fantastic Like that Second Battle of Funkstown, more commonly simply
referred to as the Battle of Funkstown, it took place
near Funkstown, Maryland, on the tenth of July in eighteen
sixty three. During the Gettysburg Campaign. Union forces Armbytomac attack
the rear guard the Confederate Army of the Virginia Northern Virginia.

(03:32:23):
During this retreat for Pennsylvania following the Battle of Getty's Boy,
Strong Confederate presidents that Funkstown threatened any Union advance against
General Robert E. Lee's position near Williamsport and the Potomac River.
As he retreated to Virginia after the Battle of Gettysburg,
Lee was running with it. Tales between the day Major
General Jeb Stewart's cavalry posted that Funkstown posed a serious
risk to the Federal right and the rear if the

(03:32:45):
Union army lunged west from Boonsborough. Stuart meanwhile determined to
wage to have spirited defense to ensure Lee time to
complete fortifications protecting his army and his avenue of retreat. Oh,
Stuart man, if it wasn't for Stuart, Lee had been
dead maybe captured.

Speaker 2 (03:33:03):
As Brigadier General John Buford's Federal Cavalry Division cautiously approached
Funkstown via the National Road on Friday morning, July tenth,
it encountered Stuart's crescent shape, three mile long battle line.
It was Stuart's first defensive battle since re entering Maryland.
Of course, the high ground constitutented Stuart's extreme right, held
by Preston Choose Horse Artillery, Horse artillery, a nearby stone

(03:33:25):
barn and barnyard wall proved a suburb defensive position for
the thirty fourth Virginia Battalions. Dismounted Calvary Colonel Thomas C.
Devins dismounted Union Calvary brigade attacked about eight am. By
mid afternoon, with Beeffort's caverrymen running low on Ammo and
gaining little ground, Colonel Lewis A. Grant's first Vermunt brigade
of infantry arrived and jabbed at the Confederate center less

(03:33:47):
than one mile away.

Speaker 1 (03:33:49):
Right unbeknownstuit of Vermonter's George. General George Anderson's Confederate brigade
now faced them that the first time opposing infantry had
classed since the Battle of Getty's.

Speaker 2 (03:33:59):
Dude, it was only three days ago, right like a milestone.

Speaker 1 (03:34:03):
By early evening, the Union army began with drawing south
towards Beaver Creek, where the Union first six and the
eleventh Corps had concentrated. Stuart had kept the Federals at
bay for yet another day, the day long battle east
of the road resulting four hundred and seventy nine cowsties.
The Cheney House served as a hospital at the Keller Home.
Confederate Major Henry McDaniel, later the Governor of Georgia, survived

(03:34:27):
his wound.

Speaker 2 (03:34:27):
These Confederates getting elected governors.

Speaker 1 (03:34:30):
He would spend the rest of the war and then
Union Prison of War Camp ninety a power how mea
A smaller engagement took place near Funkstown in seventh July,
three days prior to the Battle of Funkstown. Okay, He's
led with that instead of ending.

Speaker 2 (03:34:52):
Battle of Manassas Gap, also known as the Battle of
Wapping Heights wet ass Pussies in the Nights who played
July twenty third, eighteen sixty three in Warren County, Virginia,
at the conclusion of Robert E.

Speaker 1 (03:35:04):
Lee's retreat back to Virginia in the final days of
the Gettysburg Campaign.

Speaker 2 (03:35:08):
Following the defeat at the Battle of Gettysburg, Lee's Confederate
Army of Northern Virginia retreated across the Potomac at Williamsport, Maryland,
and withdrew into the Shenandola Valley.

Speaker 1 (03:35:17):
Major General George G.

Speaker 2 (03:35:18):
Mead's Army of the Potomac, in pursuit of his army,
decided to try to flank the Confederate army by crossing
the river east of the Blue Ridge Mountains at Harper's
Ferry and Berlin, Maryland into Rowden Valley right and then
forcing the passage across the Blue Ridge in Lee's rear.
To this end, on July twenty third, ME to order
the Third Court under Major General William H. French, to
cut off the retreating Confederate columns at Front Royal Virginia

(03:35:39):
by forcing passage through the manassas gem Oh shit, Who've
got a plan? At dawn, French began his attack with
New York Escalizire Brigade led by the excels Your excels,
your sure.

Speaker 1 (03:35:55):
At dawn. At dawn the attack, Hey, I'm walking here
at dawn, New York. At dawn, French began his attack
with the New York Escaliesia Brigade. He was led by
Brigadier General Francis Spanola Uh and he was fighting against

(03:36:17):
Brigadier General Ambrose Rights Brigade of the Georgians under the
command of Colonel Edward J. Walker of the third Georgia Regiment,
and they were defending the pass. The fight was slow
at Voist, with the Superior Union first using its numbers
to push Walker from his defensive position back through the gap,
and late afternoon, round four thirty pm, French made a

(03:36:38):
concerted assault on Walker's brigade, driving them from the gap
well out in the opening right.

Speaker 2 (03:36:43):
The competitors were quickly reinforced by Colonel Edward Astbury o'neils
Brigade and Artillery of Colonel Thomas Henry Carter installed the
unit Advance my Dusk. A Union attack became uncoordinated and
was abandoned during the night.

Speaker 1 (03:36:55):
Compeditate forces withdrew.

Speaker 2 (03:36:56):
Into the Larrey Valley, and on July twenty fourth, the
Union Army fighted Front Royal, but Lee's army was safely
beyond pursuit.

Speaker 1 (03:37:03):
Oh shit, the small fight was inconclusive. Union army was
able to successfully gain passes through the gap in the
Blue Ridge and occupy Front Royale, but not before Lee
was able to withdraw further up the valley to safety.
By failing to cut off the Confederate treat and bringing
Lee into battle, the army in Northern Virginia was allowed

(03:37:23):
to reorganize and regroup. By the end of the summer,
both armies had taken their familiar positions opposite the Rappahannock
and the Rabbititon rivers, set in the stage for the
Bristow and Mine Run campaigns in the fall. Yes, sir,
so there was no battle here at all. Skirmish right right,

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