October 11, 2025 • 23 mins
A comprehensive guide to advanced physics concepts, picking up where a foundational Physics I course concludes. It simplifies complex topics like electricity, magnetism, various types of waves (sound and light), and modern physics principles such as special relativity and atomic structure. The text explains fundamental phenomena, including electromagnetic waves, light refraction and reflection through lenses and mirrors, and the wave-particle duality of matter, all while relating these ideas to real-world applications. Additionally, it provides practical refreshers on essential math skills, like conversions and scientific notation, necessary for understanding and solving physics problems.
You can listen and download our episodes for free on more than 10 different platforms:
https://linktr.ee/book_shelter
Get the Book now from Amazon:
https://www.amazon.com/Physics-II-Dummies-Steven-Holzner/dp/0470538066?&linkCode=ll1&tag=cvthunderx-20&linkId=f80b33874a280ffcaa3a12eb0358cd28&language=en_US&ref_=as_li_ss_tl
You can listen and download our episodes for free on more than 10 different platforms:
https://linktr.ee/book_shelter
Get the Book now from Amazon:
https://www.amazon.com/Physics-II-Dummies-Steven-Holzner/dp/0470538066?&linkCode=ll1&tag=cvthunderx-20&linkId=f80b33874a280ffcaa3a12eb0358cd28&language=en_US&ref_=as_li_ss_tl
Mark as Played
Transcript
Episode Transcript
Available transcripts are automatically generated. Complete accuracy is not guaranteed.
Speaker 1 (00:00):
Welcome inquisitive minds to the deep dive. Today. We're embarking
on a truly expansive intellectual journey. You know those subjects
that seem a bit well intimidating, the ones you want
to understand, but the sheer volume of information can feel overwhelming.
That's exactly what we're here to tackle. We've been handed
a fascinating guide physicists Second for dummies, and our mission
(00:20):
for you is to peel back the cover, not just
skim the surface, but to fully unpack what this book
promises to teach us and how it frames the entire
landscape of advanced physics. Think of it as a comprehensive map,
making sure you're well informed about the what and why
of physics the second without having to read every single page.
It's really the story of how we understand our universe,
but laid out in this well, incredibly accessible way.
Speaker 2 (00:42):
It's fascinating, isn't it. How often people are curious about
these complex ideas but just don't know where to start.
This guide and our deep dive into its structure today
offers a unique shortcut. It gets you to the core
concepts of physics sick you know from the tiny stuff
like electrons ziving around at a to the really mind
bending things like light bending and time stretching. And it
(01:05):
aims to connect these abstract ideas to phenomena you actually
observe all around you. It makes the complex feel well
relatable exactly.
Speaker 1 (01:14):
This isn't just about plugging numbers into formulas. It's about
understanding your world, you know, from that static shock you
get from a door handle, all the way to the
light coming from distant galaxies. So let's unpack this journey
chapter by chapter and really trace the story this approachable
guide tells. Our adventure begins with the immense scope of
physics two the book's introduction, it just pulls you right in,
(01:34):
highlighting concepts that really shift your perspective. I mean, imagine
discovering that mass and energy aren't separate things at all,
but like two sides of the same fundamental coin.
Speaker 2 (01:44):
Or that the light reaching your eyes is actually this
delicate dance of electric and magnetic fields constantly regenerating each
other through space.
Speaker 1 (01:53):
Yeah, and even more fundamentally, realizing that every single electron
in an atom acts like a tiny minute that your magnet.
It's wild.
Speaker 2 (02:01):
That's the beauty of it. And you know, why do
these topics seem so daunting to so many people? This
guy assures us, Look, you don't have to be Einstein
to grasp them. A lot of breakthroughs in physics actually
came from simple curiosity, maybe unexpected experimental results, not just
you know, genius level math.
Speaker 1 (02:19):
Right.
Speaker 2 (02:20):
The book promises to break down the calculations, reminding us
that a lot of it boils down to algebra and trigonometry,
which is manageable. And then it directly links physics to
your life, explaining the magic behind telescopes, microscopes, Why diamonds.
Speaker 1 (02:33):
Sparkle, Yeah, the diamond sparks.
Speaker 2 (02:34):
Oh, your radio antenna picks up signals, even the hum
of an electric motor. It's really about demystifying the world around.
Speaker 1 (02:41):
Us, and it really does build from a solid foundation
that very first part, understanding physics fundamentals. It's like a
quick essential recap of physics is up.
Speaker 2 (02:49):
Kind of like checking your gear before a big expedition, right.
Speaker 1 (02:52):
Exactly, making sure you're up to speed on the basics,
you know, conversions, scientific notation, core concepts like mass force.
You wouldn't want to hike without your boots tied, right, Definitely,
not okay. So here's where it gets really interesting. We
move into doing some fieldwork electricity and magnetism, and the
book immediately establishes this powerful truth. These aren't separate phenomena
(03:17):
at all.
Speaker 2 (03:17):
No, they're fundamentally intertwined, two sides of the same fundamental force,
really electromagnetism.
Speaker 1 (03:22):
We first encounter the strange, sort of invisible world of
static charges. Think about when the hairs on your arms
stir after unloading clothes from a dryer. That's an electric
fields right there in action. The book explains how charges
positive or negative, either repel or attract each other. It
gives such vivid real world examples like how photocopy years
(03:43):
use static cling to attract the toner.
Speaker 2 (03:45):
Powder right, or just getting that little shock from touching
a doorknob. It explains the mechanism, and it describes how
objects get charged, either by direct contact or by induction,
where charges just redistribute themselves within the matteris okay. This
section also introduces the electric field itself, basically a measure
(04:05):
of the force a charge would feel at a certain point,
and the concept of electric potential, which we commonly call
voltage voltage.
Speaker 1 (04:13):
Okay, Like on a battery exactly.
Speaker 2 (04:15):
It connects directly to the familiar voltage stamped right on batteries.
It even touches on the tiny but crucial energy needed
to pull an electron right out of an atom. That's
measured in electron volts, vital for understanding how materials behave electrically.
Speaker 1 (04:30):
So the story continues with magnetism revealing its well kind
of surprising origin. The book explains that magnetism, even in
those permanent magnet stuck to your fridge, doesn't come from
some magical property.
Speaker 2 (04:41):
No, it's actually from electron loops, tiny electric currents created
by electrons orbiting atomic nuclei. Little current essentially.
Speaker 1 (04:47):
Yes.
Speaker 2 (04:48):
And when these micromagnets these loops align themselves in a material,
then you get measurable magnetism.
Speaker 1 (04:55):
Wow.
Speaker 2 (04:56):
And what's fascinating here is how magnetism directly affects moving
electric charges. That's the key. It creates forces that are
perpendicular to both the magnetic field and the direction the
charge is moving.
Speaker 1 (05:07):
Perpendicular.
Speaker 2 (05:08):
Okay, this is the underlying principle for so many modern technologies.
It's key to how mass spectrometers sort chemical samples with
incredible precision. I've heard of those, or just how electric
motors work converting electrical energy into the mechanical force that
drives well everything from your car starter to your washing machine.
The book gives specific formulas, sure, but the crucial insight
(05:31):
is that a powerful coil basically on electromagnet can generate
immense force, way beyond what you might imagine. It's all
about focusing those electron loops, right.
Speaker 1 (05:40):
So this part then culminates with alternating current AC circuits,
the sort of advanced version of basic circuits.
Speaker 2 (05:48):
That's right, physics two circuits. It introduces new components like
inductors and capacitors and explains how they behave when the
voltage and current are fluctuating periodically oscillating back and forth,
instead of just flowing steadily in one direction like DC.
Speaker 1 (06:02):
Which is how most of our power grid works.
Speaker 2 (06:04):
Right AC Exactly, many everyday electrical devices, from your phone
charger to the power grid itself, rely on these AC principles.
And what's truly fascinating here is the concept of inductive
reactants and capacitive reactants. Reactans think of them as a
special kind of resistance, but one that changes depending on
the frequency of the alternating current.
Speaker 1 (06:26):
Ah, okay, frequency dependent.
Speaker 2 (06:28):
Precisely, and this frequency dependent resistance is why electrical resonance
can happen. That's where the inductive and capacitive reactance is
perfectly cancel each other out at a specific frequency, allowing
the maximum.
Speaker 1 (06:40):
Current to flow like tuning a radio.
Speaker 2 (06:42):
Exactly like tuning a radio. That phenomenon is critical for
tuning circuits, but it's also found in all sorts of
oscillating systems. You see it in a simple pendulum, even
in the complex mibrations of a bridge. The book also
introduces us to semiconductors and diodes, here, the fundamental building
blocks of all modern electronics.
Speaker 1 (07:02):
Right, transistors and chips and all that.
Speaker 2 (07:04):
It explains how engineering materials to have either extra free
electrons that's N type, or electron holes which is P type.
Let's us create these one way gates for electricity diodes
that absolutely revolutionize technology.
Speaker 1 (07:19):
Okay, So the narrative then shifts and move into catching
onto waves the sound and like kinds. Waves are just
fundamental to how energy moves around our world, right, carrying information.
Speaker 2 (07:29):
Power without physically moving the medium itself. That's the key definition.
The book starts with. A wave is a traveling disturbance
transferring energy like.
Speaker 1 (07:37):
A leaf bobbing on water waves. It goes up and down,
but the leaf itself doesn't travel across the lake.
Speaker 2 (07:42):
Perfect example, and it explores the two main types transverse
waves like whipping a cord up and down where the
disturbance is perpendicular to the direction of travel, and longitudinal
waves like pulses through a spring, or like sound, where
the disturbance is parallel to the direction of travel back
and forth.
Speaker 1 (07:59):
Compression right like sound waves pushing air molecules. Got it,
and it explains the key wave properties. Yeah, amplitude, how
big the wave.
Speaker 2 (08:06):
Is, wavelength the distance between.
Speaker 1 (08:08):
Peaks, period the time for one full cycle.
Speaker 2 (08:10):
And frequency how many cycles happen per second. And the
crucial relationship is that a wave speed is just its
wavelength multiplay by its frequency v equals lambda f.
Speaker 1 (08:22):
Simple enough. The book gives a great example calculating the
huge size of a radio signal's wavelength, like for a
twelve thirty am radio it can be hundreds of feet long.
Speaker 2 (08:31):
Yeah, it's a powerful reminder that these invisible waves are
absolutely everywhere, constantly influencing our daily lives.
Speaker 1 (08:37):
So sound a prime example of a longitudinal wave. That's next.
The book connects the loudness you perceive directly to the
waves pressure, amplitude and its intensity.
Speaker 2 (08:47):
Makes sense, And it discusses the speed of sound, noting
how it varies quite a bit with temperature and importantly
the medium it travels through. Its fastest in rigid solids
like steel thousands of meters per second, and slowest in
gases like air.
Speaker 1 (09:02):
So a natural next question is how do these waves behave? Right?
Speaker 2 (09:06):
The book gets into that sound wave reflection that gives
us echoes interference, which helps us understand the rich harmonics
and music. Why notes sound good together?
Speaker 1 (09:14):
Harmonics okay?
Speaker 2 (09:15):
Diffraction that sound bending around corners, you can hear someone
even if they're not in your line of sight. And
the classic Doppler effect that explains the changing pitch of
a police siren as it speeds past you. Higher pitch
coming towards you, lower going away.
Speaker 1 (09:29):
Oh yeah, everyone knows that sound.
Speaker 2 (09:30):
It even covers shock waves and sonic booms, those incredible
phenomenon created when objects like supersonic jets break the sound barrier.
Speaker 1 (09:39):
Pushing the air faster than sound can move exactly.
Speaker 2 (09:41):
Now we return to electromagnetism, but this time to understand
light itself. The book really celebrates James Clerk Maxwell's astonishing
discovery back in the nineteenth century.
Speaker 1 (09:51):
Maxwell equations got the very same.
Speaker 2 (09:54):
He showed that light isn't some separate mysterious thing, it's
actually alternating electric and magnetic fields that continually regenerate each other.
And he theoretically calculated its speed using just fundamental electric
and magnetic constants, and it perfectly matched the experimentally measured
speed of light. It was this monumental unification in.
Speaker 1 (10:14):
Physics that is incredible just from theory. So what's truly
fascinating here is the whole electromagnetic.
Speaker 2 (10:20):
Spectrum, right from incredibly long radio waves carrying well this conversation,
maybe maybe through microwaves, infrared, the visible light we see
all the way up to high energy ultraviolet X rays
and gamma rays. These are all the same basic phenomenon,
just electromagnetic waves. They only differ in frequency and wavelengths.
Speaker 1 (10:39):
And that difference dictates how they interact with matter precisely.
Speaker 2 (10:43):
The book outlines how radio antennas work picking up these
invisible waves. It details how scientists meticulously measure the speed
of light, showing how Maxwell's theory was validated. It even
explains how much energy light carries, you know, energy density intensity,
from the gen warmth of the Sun's light hitting Earth
to the intense power concentrated in a laser beam.
Speaker 1 (11:05):
Okay, so light's interaction with matter becomes the focus. Next
we learn to simplify light, thinking of it as rays
to track its path, especially when it hits different materials.
Speaker 2 (11:16):
A useful simplification.
Speaker 1 (11:18):
And the book explains refraction. That's the bending of light
when it enters a new substance, like going from air
into water or glass.
Speaker 2 (11:24):
And the index of refraction is just a number that
quantifies how much bending happens in a material. Snell's law
gives you the exact angle.
Speaker 1 (11:32):
And this principle is why rainbows happen, right, because different colors,
different wavelengths of light bend by slightly different amounts when
they go through rain drop.
Speaker 2 (11:40):
Exactly, it splits the white light into the spectrum. And
this leads to an important application total internal reflection.
Speaker 1 (11:47):
Yes, the diamonds.
Speaker 2 (11:48):
Again, the diamonds. It's a phenomenon where light can actually
get trapped inside a material, bouncing endlessly off the internal surfaces.
If a diamond is cut correctly, light enters hits the
back facets at such an angle that it can't escape,
reflects internally, bounces around, bounces around, and then finally emerges
(12:08):
back out the top in that dazzling flash or sparkle
we see. The book also covers lenses here convex ones
thicker in the middle for magnifying and focusing light.
Speaker 1 (12:19):
Like in a magnifying glass or your eye lens.
Speaker 2 (12:21):
And concave ones thinner in the middle for diverging light.
It explains how they form images, the principle behind microscopes
and telescopes.
Speaker 1 (12:29):
Then there's reflection bouncing light that follows incredibly simple rules.
Doesn't it very simple?
Speaker 2 (12:34):
The angle at which light hits the surface, the angle
of incidents is always equal to the angle at which
it bounces off the angle of reflection. Law of reflection.
Speaker 1 (12:42):
The book explores plane mirrors like the one you use
every day, and I had that fun fact you only
need a mirror half your height to see your full reflection.
Speaker 2 (12:50):
Kind of counterintuitive but true. It also delves into spherical mirrors,
both concave curved inwards and convex curved outwards, explain seeing
how they form different types of images magnified, reduced, sometimes inverted,
depending on the mirrors curve and how far the object is.
Speaker 1 (13:07):
Okay, So, our journey into Waves concludes by exploring what
happens when waves collide and interact with each other interference
and diffraction.
Speaker 2 (13:15):
Right. The book introduces interference patterns famously shown by Thomas
Jung's double slit experiment in the early eighteen hundreds.
Speaker 1 (13:22):
That was the big proof that light acts like a wave.
Speaker 2 (13:24):
Wasn't it absolutely definitive proof at the time. When light
waves pass through two tiny slits, they spread out and overlap,
creating this pattern of bright and dark bands on a screen.
Bright spots are constructive interference where wavecrests meet crests. Dark
spots are destructive interference, where crests meet troughs and cancel out,
just like ripples in water.
Speaker 1 (13:43):
Okay, and it also covers thin film interference.
Speaker 2 (13:46):
Yeah, that's why you see those beautiful swirling aridescent colors
on oil slicks or soap bubbles. Light reflecting on the
top and bottom surfaces of the thin film interferes and
finally diffraction the subtle spreading out of light waves as
they passed through an opening or around an obstacle.
Speaker 1 (14:01):
So if we connect this to the bigger picture, these
phenomena aren't just like cool wave tricks, not at all.
Speaker 2 (14:07):
They don't just prove light's wave nature. Understanding them allows
us to calculate really practical limits, like the resolving power
of your eye, basically how close two objects can be
before they blew into a single image. For you, it
shows the real world implications of light behaving as a wave.
Speaker 1 (14:24):
Okay, our story then takes this truly mind expanding turn.
We head into modern physics, grappling with concepts that just
fundamentally redefined our understanding of reality, shatter the old classical ideas.
Speaker 2 (14:37):
Yeah, things get weird here and the best way possible.
Speaker 1 (14:39):
Okay, let's try to unpack this special relativity. Introduce as
Albert Einstein's revolutionary answer to what happens with physics when
objects approach the speed of light. Right.
Speaker 2 (14:48):
It builds on two incredibly simple sounding postulates, but the
consequences are astonishing.
Speaker 1 (14:54):
Like time dilation where clocks on fast moving rockets actually
tick slower from the perspective of someone Earth.
Speaker 2 (15:00):
Exactly, and length contraction, where objects appear shorter squashed in
the direction they're traveling again relative to a stationary observer.
The profound insight is that space and time aren't absolute
fixed backgrounds. They're intertwined into space time, and how you
measure them depends on your motion.
Speaker 1 (15:18):
But what's really startling here The most famous result imco. Yeah,
it's not just a formula on a T shirt. It's
this profound realization that mass and energy are equivalent, interchangeable completely.
Speaker 2 (15:31):
The book gives compelling examples. Particle accelerators routinely convert tiny
amounts of mass into huge bursts of energy when particles collide,
and they can do the reverse, creating matter from energy.
Think about that jar of baby food example. If you
could convert all its mass to energy, it could power
a one hundred watt light bulb for one point three
million years.
Speaker 1 (15:49):
That's just staggering.
Speaker 2 (15:51):
It truly shows that everything we perceive as solid matter
is at its core just incredibly concentrated stored energy.
Speaker 1 (16:00):
Okay, So next the quantum world emerges, where familiar concepts
of particles and waves just blur into something entirely new
and strange.
Speaker 2 (16:09):
Right. We start with things like black body radiation, how
warm objects emit light, and the photoelectric effect, which is
how light can knock electrons off a metal surface.
Speaker 1 (16:18):
And this is where Max Plank came in exactly.
Speaker 2 (16:21):
His revolutionary idea was that energy doesn't come in a
continuous flow, but in discrete packets or quanta, which we
now call photons. The energy of a photon e is
directly proportional to its frequency, linked by Plank's constant h.
Speaker 1 (16:35):
EAF, and that explained the photoelectric effect perfectly.
Speaker 2 (16:38):
It explained why electrons are emitted instantly from the metal,
but only if the light's frequency its color is high enough,
regardless of how bright the light is. It's about the
energy per photon, not the total energy flow.
Speaker 1 (16:49):
Okay, so this raises a huge question if light, usually
thought of as a wave, can act like particles.
Speaker 2 (16:55):
Photons can matter, usually thought of as particles, act like waves.
That was leaded to radical hypothesis matter waves and did
it work out spectacularly confirmed by experiments. People like Davison
and Germer fired electrons particles through double slits just like
Young did with light, and they got interference patterns just
(17:15):
like light waves, proving electrons have wave like properties.
Speaker 1 (17:19):
Mind blown particle wave duality exactly.
Speaker 2 (17:23):
This leads straight to the Heisenberg uncertainty principle. You simply
cannot precisely know both an electron's position and its momentum
mass times velocity at the same exact instant. The more
accurately you measure one, the less accurately you inherently know
the other. It's not a limit of our instruments. It's
a fundamental property of the quantum world.
Speaker 1 (17:41):
Wow. Okay, So our journey then dives right into the
atom itself. It begins with Ernest Rutherford's groundbreaking planetary model.
He discovered the tiny, dense atomic nucleus by firing alpha
particles at gold foil.
Speaker 2 (17:54):
Right, most went straight through, showing the atom is mostly
empty space, but some bounce back sharply, revealing that tiny
positive core. It replaced the old plum pudding model.
Speaker 1 (18:03):
But this planetary model had a classical problem. Right, orbiting
electrons should radiate energy constantly and just spiral into the
nucleus in fractions of a second. Atoms shouldn't be stable correct.
Speaker 2 (18:14):
The solution came from studying the light emitted by hot
gases their line spectra. Gases don't emit a continuous rainbow
of light. They emit light only at specific discrete wavelengths
or colors, like fingerprints for each element. This led Neil's
Bore to his revolutionary model. Electrons aren't just in any
old orbit. They exist only in specific quantized energy levels
(18:37):
or orbits. They only emit or absorb photons light when
they jump between these specific levels, and the photon's energy
exactly matches the energy difference between the levels that explained
the line spectrum.
Speaker 1 (18:49):
Ah, so the specific colors correspond to specific energy jumps precisely.
Speaker 2 (18:52):
And what's truly fascinating here are the quantum numbers. There
are four main ones principle, angular, momentum, magnetic, and spin.
These aren't just arbitrary labels. They define everything about an
electron state within an atom, its energy, the shape of
its orbital its orientation in space, its intrinsic.
Speaker 1 (19:07):
Spin, and the poly exclusion principle crucial.
Speaker 2 (19:11):
It states that no two electrons in the same atom
can have the exact same set of four quantum numbers.
This is why electrons in multi electron atoms don't all
just pile into the lowest energy state. They have to
fill up successive energy levels and subshells, building up the
electron shells, and that structure is what determines how atoms interact,
how chemical bonds form. It's basically the foundation of all chemistry.
Speaker 1 (19:34):
Amazing. Okay. The final frontier of physics. A second, as
presented in the book, is the nucleus itself. We learn
about protons and neutrons collectively called nucleons, and how isotopes
are just variations of an element with different numbers of
neutrons but the same number of protons.
Speaker 2 (19:50):
Right, same element chemically, but different mass and sometimes different stability,
which raises that important question. The nucleus is packed with
positively charged protons, all repelling each other electrostatically. Why doesn't
it just fly apart instantly?
Speaker 1 (20:04):
Good question.
Speaker 2 (20:05):
The book introduces the answer, the strong nuclear force. It's
the most powerful of nature's four fundamental forces, but it
only acts over incredibly short distances, basically within the nucleus itself.
It's strong enough to overcome the electrostatic repulsion between protons
and bind the nucleus together.
Speaker 1 (20:24):
Okay, the strong force, and it mentions binding energy and
mass defect. Yes.
Speaker 2 (20:29):
When protons and neutrons bind together to form a nucleus,
the total mass of the nucleus is slightly less than
the mass of the individual protons and neutrons added up separately.
That tiny missing mass, the mass defect has been converted
into the energy that holds the nucleus together, the binding energy,
according to emcat.
Speaker 1 (20:46):
Wow Emci again right there at the heart of the atom.
Speaker 2 (20:49):
Absolutely finally we confront radioactivity. Some nuclei are just unstable.
They have too many protons or neutrons or an unfavorable ratio,
so they spontaneously decay, transforming into more state nuclei.
Speaker 1 (21:00):
And there are different types of decay.
Speaker 2 (21:02):
The main types covered are alpha decay, where the nucleus
spits out an alpha particle which is essentially a helium nucleus,
two protons two neutrons, beta decay, where typically a neutron
inside the nucleus transforms into a proton, emitting an electron
the beta particle and an anti neutrino. And gamma decay,
where an excited nucleus releases excess energy by emitting a
(21:23):
high energy photon a gamma ray without changing its proton
or neutron count.
Speaker 1 (21:28):
And we learned about half life.
Speaker 2 (21:29):
Yes, a crucial concept. It's the time it takes for
exactly half of a sample of radioactive isotopes to decay.
It doesn't predict when any single nucleus will decay, but statistically,
for a large sample, half will decay in one half life.
These half lives vary enormously, from fractions of a second
from some isotopes to billions of years for others, like uranium.
(21:50):
It gives us this profound clock for measuring the age
of rocks, fossils, the Earth itself.
Speaker 1 (21:55):
So, putting it all together, what does this all mean?
Our deep dive into physics two for Dummies reveals this
universe just packed with fundamental forces, mind bending phenomena.
Speaker 2 (22:04):
From the electricity powering your home.
Speaker 1 (22:05):
But the waves carrying light from distant stars, and.
Speaker 2 (22:09):
The very fabric of matter and energy itself.
Speaker 1 (22:12):
It really shows us that physics isn't just for rocket
scientists and labs. It's for anyone with an inquiring mind,
anyone ready to understand the incredible world around them.
Speaker 2 (22:20):
Indeed, and this journey, the story the book tells, underscores
how knowledge is most valuable when it's really understood and
you can see how it applies. The comprehensive approach shows
how all these seemingly disparate topics electricity magnetism, waves, relativity,
quantum mechanics. They're not separate silos. They're all deeply interconnected,
(22:40):
forming this coherent, really elegant picture of our physical reality.
It's truly a story of grand unification.
Speaker 1 (22:46):
As you said, the journey this book outlines is just immense,
isn't it. From those everyday static shocks and dazzling diamonds,
all the way to the deepest secrets of the atom
and the weird stretching of time near light speed physics.
A second truly is Understand your World. The sequel a
story filled with surprises at every single turn.
Speaker 2 (23:05):
And it leaves us with a provocative thought. Perhaps, as
we continue to unravel the universe's mysteries, always pushing the
boundaries of what we know, what entirely new for dummies
guides or maybe for inquiring mind's guides will be needed
for the next generation. What foundational concepts from today's physics
second might just be the jumping off point for tomorrow's
(23:25):
truly mind blowing discoveries, maybe in quantum gravity, or figuring
out dark matter, or even understanding the very origins of
our universe. What comes after the sequel
Welcome inquisitive minds to the deep dive. Today. We're embarking
on a truly expansive intellectual journey. You know those subjects
that seem a bit well intimidating, the ones you want
to understand, but the sheer volume of information can feel overwhelming.
That's exactly what we're here to tackle. We've been handed
a fascinating guide physicists Second for dummies, and our mission
(00:20):
for you is to peel back the cover, not just
skim the surface, but to fully unpack what this book
promises to teach us and how it frames the entire
landscape of advanced physics. Think of it as a comprehensive map,
making sure you're well informed about the what and why
of physics the second without having to read every single page.
It's really the story of how we understand our universe,
but laid out in this well, incredibly accessible way.
Speaker 2 (00:42):
It's fascinating, isn't it. How often people are curious about
these complex ideas but just don't know where to start.
This guide and our deep dive into its structure today
offers a unique shortcut. It gets you to the core
concepts of physics sick you know from the tiny stuff
like electrons ziving around at a to the really mind
bending things like light bending and time stretching. And it
(01:05):
aims to connect these abstract ideas to phenomena you actually
observe all around you. It makes the complex feel well
relatable exactly.
Speaker 1 (01:14):
This isn't just about plugging numbers into formulas. It's about
understanding your world, you know, from that static shock you
get from a door handle, all the way to the
light coming from distant galaxies. So let's unpack this journey
chapter by chapter and really trace the story this approachable
guide tells. Our adventure begins with the immense scope of
physics two the book's introduction, it just pulls you right in,
(01:34):
highlighting concepts that really shift your perspective. I mean, imagine
discovering that mass and energy aren't separate things at all,
but like two sides of the same fundamental coin.
Speaker 2 (01:44):
Or that the light reaching your eyes is actually this
delicate dance of electric and magnetic fields constantly regenerating each
other through space.
Speaker 1 (01:53):
Yeah, and even more fundamentally, realizing that every single electron
in an atom acts like a tiny minute that your magnet.
It's wild.
Speaker 2 (02:01):
That's the beauty of it. And you know, why do
these topics seem so daunting to so many people? This
guy assures us, Look, you don't have to be Einstein
to grasp them. A lot of breakthroughs in physics actually
came from simple curiosity, maybe unexpected experimental results, not just
you know, genius level math.
Speaker 1 (02:19):
Right.
Speaker 2 (02:20):
The book promises to break down the calculations, reminding us
that a lot of it boils down to algebra and trigonometry,
which is manageable. And then it directly links physics to
your life, explaining the magic behind telescopes, microscopes, Why diamonds.
Speaker 1 (02:33):
Sparkle, Yeah, the diamond sparks.
Speaker 2 (02:34):
Oh, your radio antenna picks up signals, even the hum
of an electric motor. It's really about demystifying the world around.
Speaker 1 (02:41):
Us, and it really does build from a solid foundation
that very first part, understanding physics fundamentals. It's like a
quick essential recap of physics is up.
Speaker 2 (02:49):
Kind of like checking your gear before a big expedition, right.
Speaker 1 (02:52):
Exactly, making sure you're up to speed on the basics,
you know, conversions, scientific notation, core concepts like mass force.
You wouldn't want to hike without your boots tied, right, Definitely,
not okay. So here's where it gets really interesting. We
move into doing some fieldwork electricity and magnetism, and the
book immediately establishes this powerful truth. These aren't separate phenomena
(03:17):
at all.
Speaker 2 (03:17):
No, they're fundamentally intertwined, two sides of the same fundamental force,
really electromagnetism.
Speaker 1 (03:22):
We first encounter the strange, sort of invisible world of
static charges. Think about when the hairs on your arms
stir after unloading clothes from a dryer. That's an electric
fields right there in action. The book explains how charges
positive or negative, either repel or attract each other. It
gives such vivid real world examples like how photocopy years
(03:43):
use static cling to attract the toner.
Speaker 2 (03:45):
Powder right, or just getting that little shock from touching
a doorknob. It explains the mechanism, and it describes how
objects get charged, either by direct contact or by induction,
where charges just redistribute themselves within the matteris okay. This
section also introduces the electric field itself, basically a measure
(04:05):
of the force a charge would feel at a certain point,
and the concept of electric potential, which we commonly call
voltage voltage.
Speaker 1 (04:13):
Okay, Like on a battery exactly.
Speaker 2 (04:15):
It connects directly to the familiar voltage stamped right on batteries.
It even touches on the tiny but crucial energy needed
to pull an electron right out of an atom. That's
measured in electron volts, vital for understanding how materials behave electrically.
Speaker 1 (04:30):
So the story continues with magnetism revealing its well kind
of surprising origin. The book explains that magnetism, even in
those permanent magnet stuck to your fridge, doesn't come from
some magical property.
Speaker 2 (04:41):
No, it's actually from electron loops, tiny electric currents created
by electrons orbiting atomic nuclei. Little current essentially.
Speaker 1 (04:47):
Yes.
Speaker 2 (04:48):
And when these micromagnets these loops align themselves in a material,
then you get measurable magnetism.
Speaker 1 (04:55):
Wow.
Speaker 2 (04:56):
And what's fascinating here is how magnetism directly affects moving
electric charges. That's the key. It creates forces that are
perpendicular to both the magnetic field and the direction the
charge is moving.
Speaker 1 (05:07):
Perpendicular.
Speaker 2 (05:08):
Okay, this is the underlying principle for so many modern technologies.
It's key to how mass spectrometers sort chemical samples with
incredible precision. I've heard of those, or just how electric
motors work converting electrical energy into the mechanical force that
drives well everything from your car starter to your washing machine.
The book gives specific formulas, sure, but the crucial insight
(05:31):
is that a powerful coil basically on electromagnet can generate
immense force, way beyond what you might imagine. It's all
about focusing those electron loops, right.
Speaker 1 (05:40):
So this part then culminates with alternating current AC circuits,
the sort of advanced version of basic circuits.
Speaker 2 (05:48):
That's right, physics two circuits. It introduces new components like
inductors and capacitors and explains how they behave when the
voltage and current are fluctuating periodically oscillating back and forth,
instead of just flowing steadily in one direction like DC.
Speaker 1 (06:02):
Which is how most of our power grid works.
Speaker 2 (06:04):
Right AC Exactly, many everyday electrical devices, from your phone
charger to the power grid itself, rely on these AC principles.
And what's truly fascinating here is the concept of inductive
reactants and capacitive reactants. Reactans think of them as a
special kind of resistance, but one that changes depending on
the frequency of the alternating current.
Speaker 1 (06:26):
Ah, okay, frequency dependent.
Speaker 2 (06:28):
Precisely, and this frequency dependent resistance is why electrical resonance
can happen. That's where the inductive and capacitive reactance is
perfectly cancel each other out at a specific frequency, allowing
the maximum.
Speaker 1 (06:40):
Current to flow like tuning a radio.
Speaker 2 (06:42):
Exactly like tuning a radio. That phenomenon is critical for
tuning circuits, but it's also found in all sorts of
oscillating systems. You see it in a simple pendulum, even
in the complex mibrations of a bridge. The book also
introduces us to semiconductors and diodes, here, the fundamental building
blocks of all modern electronics.
Speaker 1 (07:02):
Right, transistors and chips and all that.
Speaker 2 (07:04):
It explains how engineering materials to have either extra free
electrons that's N type, or electron holes which is P type.
Let's us create these one way gates for electricity diodes
that absolutely revolutionize technology.
Speaker 1 (07:19):
Okay, So the narrative then shifts and move into catching
onto waves the sound and like kinds. Waves are just
fundamental to how energy moves around our world, right, carrying information.
Speaker 2 (07:29):
Power without physically moving the medium itself. That's the key definition.
The book starts with. A wave is a traveling disturbance
transferring energy like.
Speaker 1 (07:37):
A leaf bobbing on water waves. It goes up and down,
but the leaf itself doesn't travel across the lake.
Speaker 2 (07:42):
Perfect example, and it explores the two main types transverse
waves like whipping a cord up and down where the
disturbance is perpendicular to the direction of travel, and longitudinal
waves like pulses through a spring, or like sound, where
the disturbance is parallel to the direction of travel back
and forth.
Speaker 1 (07:59):
Compression right like sound waves pushing air molecules. Got it,
and it explains the key wave properties. Yeah, amplitude, how
big the wave.
Speaker 2 (08:06):
Is, wavelength the distance between.
Speaker 1 (08:08):
Peaks, period the time for one full cycle.
Speaker 2 (08:10):
And frequency how many cycles happen per second. And the
crucial relationship is that a wave speed is just its
wavelength multiplay by its frequency v equals lambda f.
Speaker 1 (08:22):
Simple enough. The book gives a great example calculating the
huge size of a radio signal's wavelength, like for a
twelve thirty am radio it can be hundreds of feet long.
Speaker 2 (08:31):
Yeah, it's a powerful reminder that these invisible waves are
absolutely everywhere, constantly influencing our daily lives.
Speaker 1 (08:37):
So sound a prime example of a longitudinal wave. That's next.
The book connects the loudness you perceive directly to the
waves pressure, amplitude and its intensity.
Speaker 2 (08:47):
Makes sense, And it discusses the speed of sound, noting
how it varies quite a bit with temperature and importantly
the medium it travels through. Its fastest in rigid solids
like steel thousands of meters per second, and slowest in
gases like air.
Speaker 1 (09:02):
So a natural next question is how do these waves behave? Right?
Speaker 2 (09:06):
The book gets into that sound wave reflection that gives
us echoes interference, which helps us understand the rich harmonics
and music. Why notes sound good together?
Speaker 1 (09:14):
Harmonics okay?
Speaker 2 (09:15):
Diffraction that sound bending around corners, you can hear someone
even if they're not in your line of sight. And
the classic Doppler effect that explains the changing pitch of
a police siren as it speeds past you. Higher pitch
coming towards you, lower going away.
Speaker 1 (09:29):
Oh yeah, everyone knows that sound.
Speaker 2 (09:30):
It even covers shock waves and sonic booms, those incredible
phenomenon created when objects like supersonic jets break the sound barrier.
Speaker 1 (09:39):
Pushing the air faster than sound can move exactly.
Speaker 2 (09:41):
Now we return to electromagnetism, but this time to understand
light itself. The book really celebrates James Clerk Maxwell's astonishing
discovery back in the nineteenth century.
Speaker 1 (09:51):
Maxwell equations got the very same.
Speaker 2 (09:54):
He showed that light isn't some separate mysterious thing, it's
actually alternating electric and magnetic fields that continually regenerate each other.
And he theoretically calculated its speed using just fundamental electric
and magnetic constants, and it perfectly matched the experimentally measured
speed of light. It was this monumental unification in.
Speaker 1 (10:14):
Physics that is incredible just from theory. So what's truly
fascinating here is the whole electromagnetic.
Speaker 2 (10:20):
Spectrum, right from incredibly long radio waves carrying well this conversation,
maybe maybe through microwaves, infrared, the visible light we see
all the way up to high energy ultraviolet X rays
and gamma rays. These are all the same basic phenomenon,
just electromagnetic waves. They only differ in frequency and wavelengths.
Speaker 1 (10:39):
And that difference dictates how they interact with matter precisely.
Speaker 2 (10:43):
The book outlines how radio antennas work picking up these
invisible waves. It details how scientists meticulously measure the speed
of light, showing how Maxwell's theory was validated. It even
explains how much energy light carries, you know, energy density intensity,
from the gen warmth of the Sun's light hitting Earth
to the intense power concentrated in a laser beam.
Speaker 1 (11:05):
Okay, so light's interaction with matter becomes the focus. Next
we learn to simplify light, thinking of it as rays
to track its path, especially when it hits different materials.
Speaker 2 (11:16):
A useful simplification.
Speaker 1 (11:18):
And the book explains refraction. That's the bending of light
when it enters a new substance, like going from air
into water or glass.
Speaker 2 (11:24):
And the index of refraction is just a number that
quantifies how much bending happens in a material. Snell's law
gives you the exact angle.
Speaker 1 (11:32):
And this principle is why rainbows happen, right, because different colors,
different wavelengths of light bend by slightly different amounts when
they go through rain drop.
Speaker 2 (11:40):
Exactly, it splits the white light into the spectrum. And
this leads to an important application total internal reflection.
Speaker 1 (11:47):
Yes, the diamonds.
Speaker 2 (11:48):
Again, the diamonds. It's a phenomenon where light can actually
get trapped inside a material, bouncing endlessly off the internal surfaces.
If a diamond is cut correctly, light enters hits the
back facets at such an angle that it can't escape,
reflects internally, bounces around, bounces around, and then finally emerges
(12:08):
back out the top in that dazzling flash or sparkle
we see. The book also covers lenses here convex ones
thicker in the middle for magnifying and focusing light.
Speaker 1 (12:19):
Like in a magnifying glass or your eye lens.
Speaker 2 (12:21):
And concave ones thinner in the middle for diverging light.
It explains how they form images, the principle behind microscopes
and telescopes.
Speaker 1 (12:29):
Then there's reflection bouncing light that follows incredibly simple rules.
Doesn't it very simple?
Speaker 2 (12:34):
The angle at which light hits the surface, the angle
of incidents is always equal to the angle at which
it bounces off the angle of reflection. Law of reflection.
Speaker 1 (12:42):
The book explores plane mirrors like the one you use
every day, and I had that fun fact you only
need a mirror half your height to see your full reflection.
Speaker 2 (12:50):
Kind of counterintuitive but true. It also delves into spherical mirrors,
both concave curved inwards and convex curved outwards, explain seeing
how they form different types of images magnified, reduced, sometimes inverted,
depending on the mirrors curve and how far the object is.
Speaker 1 (13:07):
Okay, So, our journey into Waves concludes by exploring what
happens when waves collide and interact with each other interference
and diffraction.
Speaker 2 (13:15):
Right. The book introduces interference patterns famously shown by Thomas
Jung's double slit experiment in the early eighteen hundreds.
Speaker 1 (13:22):
That was the big proof that light acts like a wave.
Speaker 2 (13:24):
Wasn't it absolutely definitive proof at the time. When light
waves pass through two tiny slits, they spread out and overlap,
creating this pattern of bright and dark bands on a screen.
Bright spots are constructive interference where wavecrests meet crests. Dark
spots are destructive interference, where crests meet troughs and cancel out,
just like ripples in water.
Speaker 1 (13:43):
Okay, and it also covers thin film interference.
Speaker 2 (13:46):
Yeah, that's why you see those beautiful swirling aridescent colors
on oil slicks or soap bubbles. Light reflecting on the
top and bottom surfaces of the thin film interferes and
finally diffraction the subtle spreading out of light waves as
they passed through an opening or around an obstacle.
Speaker 1 (14:01):
So if we connect this to the bigger picture, these
phenomena aren't just like cool wave tricks, not at all.
Speaker 2 (14:07):
They don't just prove light's wave nature. Understanding them allows
us to calculate really practical limits, like the resolving power
of your eye, basically how close two objects can be
before they blew into a single image. For you, it
shows the real world implications of light behaving as a wave.
Speaker 1 (14:24):
Okay, our story then takes this truly mind expanding turn.
We head into modern physics, grappling with concepts that just
fundamentally redefined our understanding of reality, shatter the old classical ideas.
Speaker 2 (14:37):
Yeah, things get weird here and the best way possible.
Speaker 1 (14:39):
Okay, let's try to unpack this special relativity. Introduce as
Albert Einstein's revolutionary answer to what happens with physics when
objects approach the speed of light. Right.
Speaker 2 (14:48):
It builds on two incredibly simple sounding postulates, but the
consequences are astonishing.
Speaker 1 (14:54):
Like time dilation where clocks on fast moving rockets actually
tick slower from the perspective of someone Earth.
Speaker 2 (15:00):
Exactly, and length contraction, where objects appear shorter squashed in
the direction they're traveling again relative to a stationary observer.
The profound insight is that space and time aren't absolute
fixed backgrounds. They're intertwined into space time, and how you
measure them depends on your motion.
Speaker 1 (15:18):
But what's really startling here The most famous result imco. Yeah,
it's not just a formula on a T shirt. It's
this profound realization that mass and energy are equivalent, interchangeable completely.
Speaker 2 (15:31):
The book gives compelling examples. Particle accelerators routinely convert tiny
amounts of mass into huge bursts of energy when particles collide,
and they can do the reverse, creating matter from energy.
Think about that jar of baby food example. If you
could convert all its mass to energy, it could power
a one hundred watt light bulb for one point three
million years.
Speaker 1 (15:49):
That's just staggering.
Speaker 2 (15:51):
It truly shows that everything we perceive as solid matter
is at its core just incredibly concentrated stored energy.
Speaker 1 (16:00):
Okay, So next the quantum world emerges, where familiar concepts
of particles and waves just blur into something entirely new
and strange.
Speaker 2 (16:09):
Right. We start with things like black body radiation, how
warm objects emit light, and the photoelectric effect, which is
how light can knock electrons off a metal surface.
Speaker 1 (16:18):
And this is where Max Plank came in exactly.
Speaker 2 (16:21):
His revolutionary idea was that energy doesn't come in a
continuous flow, but in discrete packets or quanta, which we
now call photons. The energy of a photon e is
directly proportional to its frequency, linked by Plank's constant h.
Speaker 1 (16:35):
EAF, and that explained the photoelectric effect perfectly.
Speaker 2 (16:38):
It explained why electrons are emitted instantly from the metal,
but only if the light's frequency its color is high enough,
regardless of how bright the light is. It's about the
energy per photon, not the total energy flow.
Speaker 1 (16:49):
Okay, so this raises a huge question if light, usually
thought of as a wave, can act like particles.
Speaker 2 (16:55):
Photons can matter, usually thought of as particles, act like waves.
That was leaded to radical hypothesis matter waves and did
it work out spectacularly confirmed by experiments. People like Davison
and Germer fired electrons particles through double slits just like
Young did with light, and they got interference patterns just
(17:15):
like light waves, proving electrons have wave like properties.
Speaker 1 (17:19):
Mind blown particle wave duality exactly.
Speaker 2 (17:23):
This leads straight to the Heisenberg uncertainty principle. You simply
cannot precisely know both an electron's position and its momentum
mass times velocity at the same exact instant. The more
accurately you measure one, the less accurately you inherently know
the other. It's not a limit of our instruments. It's
a fundamental property of the quantum world.
Speaker 1 (17:41):
Wow. Okay, So our journey then dives right into the
atom itself. It begins with Ernest Rutherford's groundbreaking planetary model.
He discovered the tiny, dense atomic nucleus by firing alpha
particles at gold foil.
Speaker 2 (17:54):
Right, most went straight through, showing the atom is mostly
empty space, but some bounce back sharply, revealing that tiny
positive core. It replaced the old plum pudding model.
Speaker 1 (18:03):
But this planetary model had a classical problem. Right, orbiting
electrons should radiate energy constantly and just spiral into the
nucleus in fractions of a second. Atoms shouldn't be stable correct.
Speaker 2 (18:14):
The solution came from studying the light emitted by hot
gases their line spectra. Gases don't emit a continuous rainbow
of light. They emit light only at specific discrete wavelengths
or colors, like fingerprints for each element. This led Neil's
Bore to his revolutionary model. Electrons aren't just in any
old orbit. They exist only in specific quantized energy levels
(18:37):
or orbits. They only emit or absorb photons light when
they jump between these specific levels, and the photon's energy
exactly matches the energy difference between the levels that explained
the line spectrum.
Speaker 1 (18:49):
Ah, so the specific colors correspond to specific energy jumps precisely.
Speaker 2 (18:52):
And what's truly fascinating here are the quantum numbers. There
are four main ones principle, angular, momentum, magnetic, and spin.
These aren't just arbitrary labels. They define everything about an
electron state within an atom, its energy, the shape of
its orbital its orientation in space, its intrinsic.
Speaker 1 (19:07):
Spin, and the poly exclusion principle crucial.
Speaker 2 (19:11):
It states that no two electrons in the same atom
can have the exact same set of four quantum numbers.
This is why electrons in multi electron atoms don't all
just pile into the lowest energy state. They have to
fill up successive energy levels and subshells, building up the
electron shells, and that structure is what determines how atoms interact,
how chemical bonds form. It's basically the foundation of all chemistry.
Speaker 1 (19:34):
Amazing. Okay. The final frontier of physics. A second, as
presented in the book, is the nucleus itself. We learn
about protons and neutrons collectively called nucleons, and how isotopes
are just variations of an element with different numbers of
neutrons but the same number of protons.
Speaker 2 (19:50):
Right, same element chemically, but different mass and sometimes different stability,
which raises that important question. The nucleus is packed with
positively charged protons, all repelling each other electrostatically. Why doesn't
it just fly apart instantly?
Speaker 1 (20:04):
Good question.
Speaker 2 (20:05):
The book introduces the answer, the strong nuclear force. It's
the most powerful of nature's four fundamental forces, but it
only acts over incredibly short distances, basically within the nucleus itself.
It's strong enough to overcome the electrostatic repulsion between protons
and bind the nucleus together.
Speaker 1 (20:24):
Okay, the strong force, and it mentions binding energy and
mass defect. Yes.
Speaker 2 (20:29):
When protons and neutrons bind together to form a nucleus,
the total mass of the nucleus is slightly less than
the mass of the individual protons and neutrons added up separately.
That tiny missing mass, the mass defect has been converted
into the energy that holds the nucleus together, the binding energy,
according to emcat.
Speaker 1 (20:46):
Wow Emci again right there at the heart of the atom.
Speaker 2 (20:49):
Absolutely finally we confront radioactivity. Some nuclei are just unstable.
They have too many protons or neutrons or an unfavorable ratio,
so they spontaneously decay, transforming into more state nuclei.
Speaker 1 (21:00):
And there are different types of decay.
Speaker 2 (21:02):
The main types covered are alpha decay, where the nucleus
spits out an alpha particle which is essentially a helium nucleus,
two protons two neutrons, beta decay, where typically a neutron
inside the nucleus transforms into a proton, emitting an electron
the beta particle and an anti neutrino. And gamma decay,
where an excited nucleus releases excess energy by emitting a
(21:23):
high energy photon a gamma ray without changing its proton
or neutron count.
Speaker 1 (21:28):
And we learned about half life.
Speaker 2 (21:29):
Yes, a crucial concept. It's the time it takes for
exactly half of a sample of radioactive isotopes to decay.
It doesn't predict when any single nucleus will decay, but statistically,
for a large sample, half will decay in one half life.
These half lives vary enormously, from fractions of a second
from some isotopes to billions of years for others, like uranium.
(21:50):
It gives us this profound clock for measuring the age
of rocks, fossils, the Earth itself.
Speaker 1 (21:55):
So, putting it all together, what does this all mean?
Our deep dive into physics two for Dummies reveals this
universe just packed with fundamental forces, mind bending phenomena.
Speaker 2 (22:04):
From the electricity powering your home.
Speaker 1 (22:05):
But the waves carrying light from distant stars, and.
Speaker 2 (22:09):
The very fabric of matter and energy itself.
Speaker 1 (22:12):
It really shows us that physics isn't just for rocket
scientists and labs. It's for anyone with an inquiring mind,
anyone ready to understand the incredible world around them.
Speaker 2 (22:20):
Indeed, and this journey, the story the book tells, underscores
how knowledge is most valuable when it's really understood and
you can see how it applies. The comprehensive approach shows
how all these seemingly disparate topics electricity magnetism, waves, relativity,
quantum mechanics. They're not separate silos. They're all deeply interconnected,
(22:40):
forming this coherent, really elegant picture of our physical reality.
It's truly a story of grand unification.
Speaker 1 (22:46):
As you said, the journey this book outlines is just immense,
isn't it. From those everyday static shocks and dazzling diamonds,
all the way to the deepest secrets of the atom
and the weird stretching of time near light speed physics.
A second truly is Understand your World. The sequel a
story filled with surprises at every single turn.
Speaker 2 (23:05):
And it leaves us with a provocative thought. Perhaps, as
we continue to unravel the universe's mysteries, always pushing the
boundaries of what we know, what entirely new for dummies
guides or maybe for inquiring mind's guides will be needed
for the next generation. What foundational concepts from today's physics
second might just be the jumping off point for tomorrow's
(23:25):
truly mind blowing discoveries, maybe in quantum gravity, or figuring
out dark matter, or even understanding the very origins of
our universe. What comes after the sequel
Popular Podcasts
My Favorite Murder with Karen Kilgariff and Georgia Hardstark
My Favorite Murder is a true crime comedy podcast hosted by Karen Kilgariff and Georgia Hardstark. Each week, Karen and Georgia share compelling true crimes and hometown stories from friends and listeners. Since MFM launched in January of 2016, Karen and Georgia have shared their lifelong interest in true crime and have covered stories of infamous serial killers like the Night Stalker, mysterious cold cases, captivating cults, incredible survivor stories and important events from history like the Tulsa race massacre of 1921. My Favorite Murder is part of the Exactly Right podcast network that provides a platform for bold, creative voices to bring to life provocative, entertaining and relatable stories for audiences everywhere. The Exactly Right roster of podcasts covers a variety of topics including historic true crime, comedic interviews and news, science, pop culture and more. Podcasts on the network include Buried Bones with Kate Winkler Dawson and Paul Holes, That's Messed Up: An SVU Podcast, This Podcast Will Kill You, Bananas and more.
24/7 News: The Latest
The latest news in 4 minutes updated every hour, every day.
Dateline NBC
Current and classic episodes, featuring compelling true-crime mysteries, powerful documentaries and in-depth investigations. Follow now to get the latest episodes of Dateline NBC completely free, or subscribe to Dateline Premium for ad-free listening and exclusive bonus content: DatelinePremium.com