December 25, 2025 • 18 mins
Explores the transformative potential of Blockchain technology, particularly in e-governance and various enterprise applications. It begins by detailing the foundational concepts of Blockchain, including its cryptographic principles, consensus mechanisms, and different platform types like Ethereum and Hyperledger Fabric. The document then highlights numerous real-world use cases, showcasing how governments and industries are leveraging Blockchain for citizen identity management, land records, supply chain traceability, smart cities, and cybersecurity. Finally, it discusses implementation strategies, regulatory considerations, and the importance of fostering an ecosystem for Blockchain adoption, emphasizing the technology's role in driving transparency, efficiency, and trust in a digital world.
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Discover our free courses in tech and cybersecurity, Start learning today:
https://linktr.ee/cybercode_academy
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Transcript
Episode Transcript
Available transcripts are automatically generated. Complete accuracy is not guaranteed.
Speaker 1 (00:00):
Welcome to the Deep Dive, your shortcut to being well informed.
We bring you surprising facts, maybe a little humor, just
enough to keep you hooked. Today we're plunging into a
topic that, believe it or not, started with just one
line of texts almost cryptic. Really, picture this January third,
two thousand and nine, This line hidden inside the very
first digital block of something totally new. Read The Times
(00:21):
three jan two thousand and nine, Chancellor on the verge
of second bailout for banks. Now, that wasn't just some
headline clip from the news. That was the Genesis block,
the very first block of bitcoin, launched by the well
still mysterious Satoshi Nakamoto. It was basically the big bang
for a whole new technological universe, blockchain.
Speaker 2 (00:39):
For years, bitcoin you know, I dominate the conversation. But
our mission.
Speaker 1 (00:42):
Today is to dive deep, really deep into how this
groundbreaking tech is evolving way beyond just digital money, how
it's set to fundamentally revolutionize how governments serve you.
Speaker 3 (00:52):
That's exactly right, And yeah, this deep dive it isn't
about crypto speculation or you know, hot trading tips, not
at all. Our focus today is squarely on how blackchain
technology is powering the next wave in egovernance, how it's
transforming those government to citizen services g TWOC. We'll unpack
the core mechanics, look at the big problems. It's actually
(01:13):
solving problems that have been around for ages, and we'll
check out real world examples countries that are really leading
the charge. Here you'll find out how this tech could
fundamentally change how you interact with public services, making them
well more secure, definitely more transparent, and way more efficient.
Speaker 2 (01:27):
Okay, let's unpack that journey then.
Speaker 1 (01:29):
So the Bitcoin protocol launch back in two thousand and nine,
it was a direct answer to a really tough computer
science problem. It famously solved the double spending problem, you know,
how do you stop digital cash being spent twice without
a bank in the middle. And even more fundamental, it
cracked the Byzantine general's problem, which sounds complicated, but it
basically showed how a distributed system lots of computers could
(01:52):
agree on something, even if some were well bad actors.
Why was solving that problem such a huge deal?
Speaker 4 (01:58):
Oh, it was monumental because it proved that trust digital
trust didn't need a single all powerful gatekeeper like a
bank or a government agency. Before bitcoin, Yeah, you needed
at central authority to validate a digital transaction. Bitcoin showed
away for this network, just independent computers nodes we call them,
to collectively agree on what's true, even if some nodes
(02:19):
were trying to cheat the system. And that underlying tech,
the blockchain, the engine driving bitcoin, it turned out to
be incredibly versatile. It essentially moved us from let's say,
an Internet of information to an Internet of value, where
actual value, not just data, can move peer to peer
without those expensive middlemen who don't really add value, which
(02:39):
dramatically lowers costs and crucially builds trust right into the
system itself.
Speaker 1 (02:45):
Yeah, that shift feels especially relevant right now.
Speaker 2 (02:48):
I mean, look at the pandemic.
Speaker 1 (02:49):
It forced this massive acceleration and adopting tech in our lives.
We went from meeting face to face to doing pretty
much everything remotely, demanding way more from our digital world exactly.
Speaker 4 (03:00):
And governments, well, they're catching on. They're realizing they can
vastly improve how they reach people, how they provide access
to services by using these new technologies. Blockchain, particularly when
you combine it with things like AI, maybe the Internet
of Things, it gives you a secure way to connect
huge numbers of users all at the same time, it
provides that verifiable proof you know, where did this come from?
(03:20):
Is it authentic? Can I trust this transaction? And it
does this wall cutting costs significantly. It's really stepping out
from just being that bitcoin thing and showing its true
power for secure automation. Yeah, that scale for stuff that
really matters, like public services.
Speaker 1 (03:34):
Okay, so we've touched on the why the big picture.
This is where it gets really interesting for me though,
when we say blockchain, what are the actual building blocks?
Speaker 2 (03:43):
How does it work?
Speaker 1 (03:44):
How does it give us these benefits like transparency, trust, immutability?
Speaker 2 (03:49):
What's the magic here?
Speaker 4 (03:50):
Right? So, at its core, a blockchain is let's call
it an enhanced version of distributed ledger technology or DLT.
Imagine a digital record book, like an incorruptible history of
every transaction. It's ordered chronologically and copies are shared across
loads the different computers those nodes we talked about. It's
a decentralized network, so no single person or company controls
(04:12):
it and the data well, depending on the setup, it
can be open for anyone to see or maybe just
shared with approved members. Every single transaction, whether it's moving
money or say transferring ownership of your house, has to
be approved by what's called a consensus mechanism, things like
proof of work, which bitcoin uses, or proof of steak.
They ensure everyone agrees on what's true, preventing fraud. It's
(04:33):
like collective agreement mathematically enforced.
Speaker 1 (04:35):
So definitely not just a fancy spreadsheet or database.
Speaker 4 (04:38):
Got it. There's some serious tech under the hood making
it secure, almost tamper proof for it.
Speaker 1 (04:43):
That's exactly it. The security, the integrity. It comes down
to some advanced cryptography. Three key things really. First, hashing.
You mentioned a digital fingerprint earlier. That's a great analogy. Ah.
It takes any data, big or small, and creates a unique,
fixed length code code, the hash. If even one tiny
(05:03):
bit of the original data changes, the hash changes completely
instantly obvious if someone's messed with it. And these hashes
are what link the blocks together in that chain, making
the history effectively immutable unbreakable. I see Second public key
infrastructure or PKI. This uses pairs of keys. A private
key which is your secret like a super secure password
(05:24):
only you know, and a public key, which is like
your username known to everyone. They work together to encrypt
and decrypt stuff. This allows for secure transactions and digital
signatures proving you sent something and it hasn't been altered since.
Speaker 4 (05:34):
Okay, that makes sense. And third, smart contracts. These are
pretty cool. They're basically self executing programs that live right
on the blockchain. Think of like a superpowered bending machine.
For agreements, you define the rules in code. If this happens,
then do that. If the conditions are met, boom, the
contract automatically executes. No need for lawyers or intermediaries for
certain things, just code enforcing the agreement. Platforms like ethereumtle
(06:00):
Puteran's creation really popularize these.
Speaker 1 (06:04):
You mentioned permission systems a bit earlier. That difference can
be confusing. Can you quickly break down the main types
of blockchains because it affects who gets to play and
who sees the data?
Speaker 2 (06:14):
Right?
Speaker 4 (06:15):
Absolutely, good question. You essentially have two main flavors. First,
permissionless blockchains think Bitcoin, the original Ethereum. These are wide open,
anyone can join the network, anyone can help validate transactions,
anyone can see all the data. Total transparency, total openness.
Then you have permission blockchains like hyper Ledger, Fabric or
R three Quarta is another one. Here, it's more controlled.
(06:37):
There's an authority that decides who can join, who can
validate transactions, access to data, what you can do, it's restricted.
Often they use things called channels to keep certain transactions
private between specific participants.
Speaker 2 (06:50):
Ah.
Speaker 4 (06:51):
These are really really suitable for businesses and governments where
you often need that layer of control, confidentiality and known identities.
Speaker 2 (06:59):
Right.
Speaker 1 (06:59):
That makes sense for sensitive government data. But what about
storing really big stuff like huge files, documents, medical images.
It seems like putting all that directly on the chain
would clog it up or cost a fortune.
Speaker 4 (07:10):
Yeah, it absolutely would. That's a major bottleneck. And that's
where solutions like the Interplanetary Filesystem IPFS, great name, and
others like swarm come in.
Speaker 2 (07:19):
And our planetary okay uh yeah.
Speaker 4 (07:21):
They're essentially decentralized ways to store large files off the
main blockchain, off chain storage, we call it the blockchain
itself then just stores a cryptographic hash, remember that unique fingerprint,
which points to the actual data stored elsewhere on IPFS
for example.
Speaker 1 (07:37):
Ah, I see, so the chain just holds the proof
the file is authentic exactly.
Speaker 4 (07:41):
It guarantees the integrity and immutability of that large file
without bloating the main chain or running up massive storage costs.
It makes the whole system way more practical for real
world government applications like securely referencing land deeds or medical
scans without putting the whole giant file on the ledger itself.
Speaker 1 (07:59):
Okay, so we've navigated the tech. May is, let's bring
it back home. What does this actually mean for you,
the listener, the citizen? How is this powerful tech translating
into real, everyday improvements when you deal with public services?
What actual problems are being solved here?
Speaker 3 (08:14):
Right?
Speaker 4 (08:14):
This is where you see the real difference. Think about
traditional government systems, often centralized, right, that makes them vulnerable
single points of failure.
Speaker 2 (08:22):
Data breaches, Yeah, we hear about those all the time.
Speaker 4 (08:25):
Exactly like that carnaticaca very portal incident in India. Property
data compromised, and identity fraud a massive issue everywhere. Blockchain
offers real solutions here bringing trust, transparency, efficiency. Take citizen
identity management. Imagine having just one single secure blockchain based
digital ID.
Speaker 2 (08:46):
Yours, one ID for everything.
Speaker 4 (08:49):
Potentially yes, no more scattered records across different departments, no duplication,
no siloed systems that make identity fraud easier. Countries like Estonia,
they're true pioneers in digital governs. They already use blockchain
tech for verifying digital identities comprehensively, for voting, accessing medical records.
You name it wow and get this with something called
zero knowledge proofs or zkps. This is really cutting edge stuff.
(09:13):
You could prove something about yourself without revealing the underlying
data like what like. You could prove you're over eighteen
without showing your actual birth date, or prove your bank
balance is above a certain threshold without revealing the exact amount.
Speaker 2 (09:24):
WHOA, that's huge for privacy.
Speaker 4 (09:26):
It's a total paradigm shift. It gives you fine grained
control over your data. You decide exactly what piece of
info gets shared. It flips decades of beta practice on
its head. Then think about registries and certificates, birth certificates,
death certificates, university degrees, property deeds. Fake documents are a
global nightmare.
Speaker 2 (09:46):
Oh yeah, definitely.
Speaker 4 (09:47):
Blockchain allows for issuing and sharing these records in a
way that's immutable, can't be changed, and instantly verifiable. No
more fakes, n more weeks of delay waiting for verification.
The Dubai Land Department they're already using blockchain for property
ownership verification. Even places like Andro, Pradesh and India explored
it for land titles precisely to fight fraud or supply
(10:09):
chain transparency super important for things like medicines or food.
Blockchain can tract goods from say farm to fork or
manufactured a pharmacy.
Speaker 2 (10:18):
So you know where it came from exactly.
Speaker 4 (10:20):
It helped fight counterfeit drugs, a massive public health risk.
It can verify premium labels like organic food. It can
even monitor conditions during transport, like keeping medicines refrigerated. Yeah,
Walmart's Food Trust is probably the most famous example here.
They use it to tract food provenance drastically, speeding up recalls.
If there's a problem in healthcare, think secure electronic health
(10:40):
records EHRs managed with privacy built in, tracking compliance and
clinical trials, streamlining insurance claims. Again, Estonia they secure all
their citizens' medical records using KSI blockchain technology. It's not
just about making things quicker, it's about safeguarding incredibly sensitive
personal info. And as our these get smarter, you know,
(11:01):
packed with IoT sensors, maybe autonomous vehicle. Someday, smart cities
and cybersecurity become critical.
Speaker 2 (11:07):
Yeah, the hacking risk seems huge.
Speaker 4 (11:09):
It is blockchain can act as a protective shield preventing
unauthorized access, fighting cyber attacks on that critical infrastructure. In Bopal, India,
for instance, they're using distributed ledger technology. Remember, blockchain is
one type of DLT to link up emergency services, police, hospitals,
traffic control, sharing data securely, coordinating better that saves lives.
(11:29):
And finally something big on the horizon, central Bank Digital
Currencies or CBDCs. Ah.
Speaker 2 (11:35):
Yeah, hearing a lot about.
Speaker 4 (11:36):
Those countries like Thailand with their Project Infinin are testing
wholesale phoebedcs using DLT for things like transfers between banks,
automating bond life cycles, checking regulatory compliance. The goal faster,
cheaper and way more secure financial transactions at the national level.
Speaker 1 (11:53):
It's truly amazing to see this spreading globally. You've got
the UAE pushing for a completely paperless government using blockchain.
China is building its huge blockchain based services network, the
BSN for digital commerce. Singapore experimenting with the Digital Singapore
Dollar Project UBN for bank transfers, even cross border payments.
(12:14):
Even huge global players like the WHO, IBM and Microsoft
teamed up on that meet papassive platform during COVID nineteen
using blockchain to gather reliable health data, trying to fight
the pandemic more effectively.
Speaker 2 (12:25):
Yeah, this isn't just theory anymore, is it. It's happening now. Okay.
Speaker 1 (12:28):
So with all these incredible benefits the massive potential, the
big question is how do governments actually do this? How
do they implement blockchain effectively? Because it can't just be
like flipping a switch, Suirly, The hurdles must be enormous.
Speaker 4 (12:41):
You've absolutely hit the nail on the head. It's far
far from simple. It demands a really strategic, structured approach.
Methodologies like design thinking are vital, you know, really empathizing
with the users, the citizens, the government employees, defining the
actual problem you're trying to solve, brainstoring ideas, building prototype
testing them.
Speaker 2 (13:01):
So focusing on the human side first.
Speaker 4 (13:03):
Exactly making sure that tech serves a real need. We
also see approaches borrowing from six sigma, you know, that
systematic way of defining, measuring, analyzing, designing, and validating solutions,
often starting small with proof of concepts or pocs and
pilot projects testing the waters before a massive rollout.
Speaker 1 (13:21):
Gartner, the big research firm. They have a model for
this too. Write something about phases of adoption.
Speaker 4 (13:26):
Yes, Gardner outlines a pretty useful three phase approach. It's
based on what they see as five key elements of
a true blockchain system, distribution, encryption, immutability, tokenization, and decentralization.
It suggests organizations tend to move from blockchain inspired solutions
basically using some blockchain ideas to improve existing processes kind
(13:47):
of incremental changes, to blockchain complete solutions, where they use
all five elements to genuinely replace old systems, aiming for
bigger benefits, economies of scale, and then ultimately maybe enhanced
solutions which start mixing in AI and IoT for really
disruptive changes. But a common challenge and design trade off
you always face is balancing transaction speed and volume against
(14:11):
how decentralized you want the system to be.
Speaker 1 (14:13):
Ah okay, so you can't always have everything maximum decentralization
and super fast transactions.
Speaker 4 (14:18):
Not always, not yet anyway, there's often a trade off there,
depending on the specific use case and the technology chosen.
Speaker 1 (14:25):
It really sounds like collaboration is just absolutely crucial here,
especially when you're talking about something that touches so many
different parts of government, businesses, citizens.
Speaker 4 (14:34):
Absolutely vital. The consortium approach that's often key. You need governments, businesses,
tech providers all working together, building on open neutral platforms,
using open APIs as systems can talk to each other,
standardizing digital documents, automating workflows across different organizations. The platform
itself has to build trust among everyone involved. Yeah, but yeah,
(14:56):
despite the promise, the challenges are significant, huge hurdles remains.
We're still figuring out a regulatory uncertainty. How do you
even write laws for this stuff? It's moving so fast,
there are real difficulties. And actually getting everyone in an ecosystem, competitors,
different agencies to truly collaborate, that's hard. Often there's an
unclear return on investment or roy How do you put
(15:17):
an dollar figure on improved trust or transparency. It's not
always easy to justify the upfront cost.
Speaker 2 (15:23):
Yeah, I can see that.
Speaker 4 (15:23):
And honestly, just a basic lack of education and understanding
among decision makers, even among the general public. People need
to understand what it is and what it isn't.
Speaker 2 (15:32):
Those are some major roadblocks.
Speaker 1 (15:34):
So how are the smart countries, the forward thinking ones,
getting around these? How do they encourage adoption without you
messing things up badly?
Speaker 4 (15:43):
A really effective tool many are using is regulatory sandboxes.
Sandboxes like for kids, huh sort of, but for innovation.
Take Singapore's Energy Market Authority the EMA. They set up
a sandbox. It allows companies innovators to test new blockchain
based energy products or services in a live book controlled environment.
(16:05):
The rules will relaxed slightly within the sandbox, limiting the
risk to the wider public or the market if something
goes wrong, but it lets them innovate.
Speaker 2 (16:13):
Ah, okay, test and learn safely.
Speaker 4 (16:15):
Exactly. It's a test and learn approach that combined with
real efforts to rescale the workforce. People need to know
how to use and build this stuff and leveraging blockchain
as a service or BOSS yeah offerings from the big
tech players IBM, Microsoft, Amazon, Web Services. They provide ready made, scalable,
secure blockchain platforms. It lowers the barrier to entry. You
don't need massive upstrount investment in your own infrastructure. It's
(16:37):
all about consciously pushing for sustainable development, using technology for good,
but doing it in a smart, careful, iterative way.
Speaker 1 (16:45):
Wow, what an incredible journey we've taken from that single
cryptic line in bitcoin's first block all the way to
seeing how blockchain is fundamentally starting to reshape well almost everything,
your digital identity, property records, healthcare, how our cities run,
even our national money systems. It really does promise levels
of trust, transparency, efficiency and security in how you interact
(17:09):
with government that we've never really seen before.
Speaker 4 (17:11):
Indeed, by getting rid of those single points of failure
by cutting out unnecessary intermediaries and complex processes, by locking
down data with cryptography, blockchain offers this powerful way to
cut costs, make systems more resilient, and ultimately hopefully build
greater citizen satisfaction and trust. It's still evolving, for sure,
it's a long way to go, but its ability to
secure information, to authenticate, to provide that undeniable proof of
(17:35):
origin and history, its power is undeniable. It's truly transformative potential.
Speaker 1 (17:40):
So as we wrap up what's the provocative thought, this
leaves you, our listener, with, imagine a future, maybe not tomorrow,
but someday where your entire civic life, birth certificate, property deeds,
medical history. Maybe even voting is so fundamentally secure, so
instantly verifiable, that fraud becomes almost impossible, that sole crushing
bureaucracy becomes a distant memory. What new possibilities does that
(18:03):
future unlock for you as an individual, for society as
a whole, And maybe what new sense of agency, what
control could that give you over your.
Speaker 2 (18:10):
Own digital life?
Speaker 1 (18:11):
Something to ponder, definitely, as this technology continues to quietly
or maybe not so quietly, reshape our world,
Welcome to the Deep Dive, your shortcut to being well informed.
We bring you surprising facts, maybe a little humor, just
enough to keep you hooked. Today we're plunging into a
topic that, believe it or not, started with just one
line of texts almost cryptic. Really, picture this January third,
two thousand and nine, This line hidden inside the very
first digital block of something totally new. Read The Times
(00:21):
three jan two thousand and nine, Chancellor on the verge
of second bailout for banks. Now, that wasn't just some
headline clip from the news. That was the Genesis block,
the very first block of bitcoin, launched by the well
still mysterious Satoshi Nakamoto. It was basically the big bang
for a whole new technological universe, blockchain.
Speaker 2 (00:39):
For years, bitcoin you know, I dominate the conversation. But
our mission.
Speaker 1 (00:42):
Today is to dive deep, really deep into how this
groundbreaking tech is evolving way beyond just digital money, how
it's set to fundamentally revolutionize how governments serve you.
Speaker 3 (00:52):
That's exactly right, And yeah, this deep dive it isn't
about crypto speculation or you know, hot trading tips, not
at all. Our focus today is squarely on how blackchain
technology is powering the next wave in egovernance, how it's
transforming those government to citizen services g TWOC. We'll unpack
the core mechanics, look at the big problems. It's actually
(01:13):
solving problems that have been around for ages, and we'll
check out real world examples countries that are really leading
the charge. Here you'll find out how this tech could
fundamentally change how you interact with public services, making them
well more secure, definitely more transparent, and way more efficient.
Speaker 2 (01:27):
Okay, let's unpack that journey then.
Speaker 1 (01:29):
So the Bitcoin protocol launch back in two thousand and nine,
it was a direct answer to a really tough computer
science problem. It famously solved the double spending problem, you know,
how do you stop digital cash being spent twice without
a bank in the middle. And even more fundamental, it
cracked the Byzantine general's problem, which sounds complicated, but it
basically showed how a distributed system lots of computers could
(01:52):
agree on something, even if some were well bad actors.
Why was solving that problem such a huge deal?
Speaker 4 (01:58):
Oh, it was monumental because it proved that trust digital
trust didn't need a single all powerful gatekeeper like a
bank or a government agency. Before bitcoin, Yeah, you needed
at central authority to validate a digital transaction. Bitcoin showed
away for this network, just independent computers nodes we call them,
to collectively agree on what's true, even if some nodes
(02:19):
were trying to cheat the system. And that underlying tech,
the blockchain, the engine driving bitcoin, it turned out to
be incredibly versatile. It essentially moved us from let's say,
an Internet of information to an Internet of value, where
actual value, not just data, can move peer to peer
without those expensive middlemen who don't really add value, which
(02:39):
dramatically lowers costs and crucially builds trust right into the
system itself.
Speaker 1 (02:45):
Yeah, that shift feels especially relevant right now.
Speaker 2 (02:48):
I mean, look at the pandemic.
Speaker 1 (02:49):
It forced this massive acceleration and adopting tech in our lives.
We went from meeting face to face to doing pretty
much everything remotely, demanding way more from our digital world exactly.
Speaker 4 (03:00):
And governments, well, they're catching on. They're realizing they can
vastly improve how they reach people, how they provide access
to services by using these new technologies. Blockchain, particularly when
you combine it with things like AI, maybe the Internet
of Things, it gives you a secure way to connect
huge numbers of users all at the same time, it
provides that verifiable proof you know, where did this come from?
(03:20):
Is it authentic? Can I trust this transaction? And it
does this wall cutting costs significantly. It's really stepping out
from just being that bitcoin thing and showing its true
power for secure automation. Yeah, that scale for stuff that
really matters, like public services.
Speaker 1 (03:34):
Okay, so we've touched on the why the big picture.
This is where it gets really interesting for me though,
when we say blockchain, what are the actual building blocks?
Speaker 2 (03:43):
How does it work?
Speaker 1 (03:44):
How does it give us these benefits like transparency, trust, immutability?
Speaker 2 (03:49):
What's the magic here?
Speaker 4 (03:50):
Right? So, at its core, a blockchain is let's call
it an enhanced version of distributed ledger technology or DLT.
Imagine a digital record book, like an incorruptible history of
every transaction. It's ordered chronologically and copies are shared across
loads the different computers those nodes we talked about. It's
a decentralized network, so no single person or company controls
(04:12):
it and the data well, depending on the setup, it
can be open for anyone to see or maybe just
shared with approved members. Every single transaction, whether it's moving
money or say transferring ownership of your house, has to
be approved by what's called a consensus mechanism, things like
proof of work, which bitcoin uses, or proof of steak.
They ensure everyone agrees on what's true, preventing fraud. It's
(04:33):
like collective agreement mathematically enforced.
Speaker 1 (04:35):
So definitely not just a fancy spreadsheet or database.
Speaker 4 (04:38):
Got it. There's some serious tech under the hood making
it secure, almost tamper proof for it.
Speaker 1 (04:43):
That's exactly it. The security, the integrity. It comes down
to some advanced cryptography. Three key things really. First, hashing.
You mentioned a digital fingerprint earlier. That's a great analogy. Ah.
It takes any data, big or small, and creates a unique,
fixed length code code, the hash. If even one tiny
(05:03):
bit of the original data changes, the hash changes completely
instantly obvious if someone's messed with it. And these hashes
are what link the blocks together in that chain, making
the history effectively immutable unbreakable. I see Second public key
infrastructure or PKI. This uses pairs of keys. A private
key which is your secret like a super secure password
(05:24):
only you know, and a public key, which is like
your username known to everyone. They work together to encrypt
and decrypt stuff. This allows for secure transactions and digital
signatures proving you sent something and it hasn't been altered since.
Speaker 4 (05:34):
Okay, that makes sense. And third, smart contracts. These are
pretty cool. They're basically self executing programs that live right
on the blockchain. Think of like a superpowered bending machine.
For agreements, you define the rules in code. If this happens,
then do that. If the conditions are met, boom, the
contract automatically executes. No need for lawyers or intermediaries for
certain things, just code enforcing the agreement. Platforms like ethereumtle
(06:00):
Puteran's creation really popularize these.
Speaker 1 (06:04):
You mentioned permission systems a bit earlier. That difference can
be confusing. Can you quickly break down the main types
of blockchains because it affects who gets to play and
who sees the data?
Speaker 2 (06:14):
Right?
Speaker 4 (06:15):
Absolutely, good question. You essentially have two main flavors. First,
permissionless blockchains think Bitcoin, the original Ethereum. These are wide open,
anyone can join the network, anyone can help validate transactions,
anyone can see all the data. Total transparency, total openness.
Then you have permission blockchains like hyper Ledger, Fabric or
R three Quarta is another one. Here, it's more controlled.
(06:37):
There's an authority that decides who can join, who can
validate transactions, access to data, what you can do, it's restricted.
Often they use things called channels to keep certain transactions
private between specific participants.
Speaker 2 (06:50):
Ah.
Speaker 4 (06:51):
These are really really suitable for businesses and governments where
you often need that layer of control, confidentiality and known identities.
Speaker 2 (06:59):
Right.
Speaker 1 (06:59):
That makes sense for sensitive government data. But what about
storing really big stuff like huge files, documents, medical images.
It seems like putting all that directly on the chain
would clog it up or cost a fortune.
Speaker 4 (07:10):
Yeah, it absolutely would. That's a major bottleneck. And that's
where solutions like the Interplanetary Filesystem IPFS, great name, and
others like swarm come in.
Speaker 2 (07:19):
And our planetary okay uh yeah.
Speaker 4 (07:21):
They're essentially decentralized ways to store large files off the
main blockchain, off chain storage, we call it the blockchain
itself then just stores a cryptographic hash, remember that unique fingerprint,
which points to the actual data stored elsewhere on IPFS
for example.
Speaker 1 (07:37):
Ah, I see, so the chain just holds the proof
the file is authentic exactly.
Speaker 4 (07:41):
It guarantees the integrity and immutability of that large file
without bloating the main chain or running up massive storage costs.
It makes the whole system way more practical for real
world government applications like securely referencing land deeds or medical
scans without putting the whole giant file on the ledger itself.
Speaker 1 (07:59):
Okay, so we've navigated the tech. May is, let's bring
it back home. What does this actually mean for you,
the listener, the citizen? How is this powerful tech translating
into real, everyday improvements when you deal with public services?
What actual problems are being solved here?
Speaker 3 (08:14):
Right?
Speaker 4 (08:14):
This is where you see the real difference. Think about
traditional government systems, often centralized, right, that makes them vulnerable
single points of failure.
Speaker 2 (08:22):
Data breaches, Yeah, we hear about those all the time.
Speaker 4 (08:25):
Exactly like that carnaticaca very portal incident in India. Property
data compromised, and identity fraud a massive issue everywhere. Blockchain
offers real solutions here bringing trust, transparency, efficiency. Take citizen
identity management. Imagine having just one single secure blockchain based
digital ID.
Speaker 2 (08:46):
Yours, one ID for everything.
Speaker 4 (08:49):
Potentially yes, no more scattered records across different departments, no duplication,
no siloed systems that make identity fraud easier. Countries like Estonia,
they're true pioneers in digital governs. They already use blockchain
tech for verifying digital identities comprehensively, for voting, accessing medical records.
You name it wow and get this with something called
zero knowledge proofs or zkps. This is really cutting edge stuff.
(09:13):
You could prove something about yourself without revealing the underlying
data like what like. You could prove you're over eighteen
without showing your actual birth date, or prove your bank
balance is above a certain threshold without revealing the exact amount.
Speaker 2 (09:24):
WHOA, that's huge for privacy.
Speaker 4 (09:26):
It's a total paradigm shift. It gives you fine grained
control over your data. You decide exactly what piece of
info gets shared. It flips decades of beta practice on
its head. Then think about registries and certificates, birth certificates,
death certificates, university degrees, property deeds. Fake documents are a
global nightmare.
Speaker 2 (09:46):
Oh yeah, definitely.
Speaker 4 (09:47):
Blockchain allows for issuing and sharing these records in a
way that's immutable, can't be changed, and instantly verifiable. No
more fakes, n more weeks of delay waiting for verification.
The Dubai Land Department they're already using blockchain for property
ownership verification. Even places like Andro, Pradesh and India explored
it for land titles precisely to fight fraud or supply
(10:09):
chain transparency super important for things like medicines or food.
Blockchain can tract goods from say farm to fork or
manufactured a pharmacy.
Speaker 2 (10:18):
So you know where it came from exactly.
Speaker 4 (10:20):
It helped fight counterfeit drugs, a massive public health risk.
It can verify premium labels like organic food. It can
even monitor conditions during transport, like keeping medicines refrigerated. Yeah,
Walmart's Food Trust is probably the most famous example here.
They use it to tract food provenance drastically, speeding up recalls.
If there's a problem in healthcare, think secure electronic health
(10:40):
records EHRs managed with privacy built in, tracking compliance and
clinical trials, streamlining insurance claims. Again, Estonia they secure all
their citizens' medical records using KSI blockchain technology. It's not
just about making things quicker, it's about safeguarding incredibly sensitive
personal info. And as our these get smarter, you know,
(11:01):
packed with IoT sensors, maybe autonomous vehicle. Someday, smart cities
and cybersecurity become critical.
Speaker 2 (11:07):
Yeah, the hacking risk seems huge.
Speaker 4 (11:09):
It is blockchain can act as a protective shield preventing
unauthorized access, fighting cyber attacks on that critical infrastructure. In Bopal, India,
for instance, they're using distributed ledger technology. Remember, blockchain is
one type of DLT to link up emergency services, police, hospitals,
traffic control, sharing data securely, coordinating better that saves lives.
(11:29):
And finally something big on the horizon, central Bank Digital
Currencies or CBDCs. Ah.
Speaker 2 (11:35):
Yeah, hearing a lot about.
Speaker 4 (11:36):
Those countries like Thailand with their Project Infinin are testing
wholesale phoebedcs using DLT for things like transfers between banks,
automating bond life cycles, checking regulatory compliance. The goal faster,
cheaper and way more secure financial transactions at the national level.
Speaker 1 (11:53):
It's truly amazing to see this spreading globally. You've got
the UAE pushing for a completely paperless government using blockchain.
China is building its huge blockchain based services network, the
BSN for digital commerce. Singapore experimenting with the Digital Singapore
Dollar Project UBN for bank transfers, even cross border payments.
(12:14):
Even huge global players like the WHO, IBM and Microsoft
teamed up on that meet papassive platform during COVID nineteen
using blockchain to gather reliable health data, trying to fight
the pandemic more effectively.
Speaker 2 (12:25):
Yeah, this isn't just theory anymore, is it. It's happening now. Okay.
Speaker 1 (12:28):
So with all these incredible benefits the massive potential, the
big question is how do governments actually do this? How
do they implement blockchain effectively? Because it can't just be
like flipping a switch, Suirly, The hurdles must be enormous.
Speaker 4 (12:41):
You've absolutely hit the nail on the head. It's far
far from simple. It demands a really strategic, structured approach.
Methodologies like design thinking are vital, you know, really empathizing
with the users, the citizens, the government employees, defining the
actual problem you're trying to solve, brainstoring ideas, building prototype
testing them.
Speaker 2 (13:01):
So focusing on the human side first.
Speaker 4 (13:03):
Exactly making sure that tech serves a real need. We
also see approaches borrowing from six sigma, you know, that
systematic way of defining, measuring, analyzing, designing, and validating solutions,
often starting small with proof of concepts or pocs and
pilot projects testing the waters before a massive rollout.
Speaker 1 (13:21):
Gartner, the big research firm. They have a model for
this too. Write something about phases of adoption.
Speaker 4 (13:26):
Yes, Gardner outlines a pretty useful three phase approach. It's
based on what they see as five key elements of
a true blockchain system, distribution, encryption, immutability, tokenization, and decentralization.
It suggests organizations tend to move from blockchain inspired solutions
basically using some blockchain ideas to improve existing processes kind
(13:47):
of incremental changes, to blockchain complete solutions, where they use
all five elements to genuinely replace old systems, aiming for
bigger benefits, economies of scale, and then ultimately maybe enhanced
solutions which start mixing in AI and IoT for really
disruptive changes. But a common challenge and design trade off
you always face is balancing transaction speed and volume against
(14:11):
how decentralized you want the system to be.
Speaker 1 (14:13):
Ah okay, so you can't always have everything maximum decentralization
and super fast transactions.
Speaker 4 (14:18):
Not always, not yet anyway, there's often a trade off there,
depending on the specific use case and the technology chosen.
Speaker 1 (14:25):
It really sounds like collaboration is just absolutely crucial here,
especially when you're talking about something that touches so many
different parts of government, businesses, citizens.
Speaker 4 (14:34):
Absolutely vital. The consortium approach that's often key. You need governments, businesses,
tech providers all working together, building on open neutral platforms,
using open APIs as systems can talk to each other,
standardizing digital documents, automating workflows across different organizations. The platform
itself has to build trust among everyone involved. Yeah, but yeah,
(14:56):
despite the promise, the challenges are significant, huge hurdles remains.
We're still figuring out a regulatory uncertainty. How do you
even write laws for this stuff? It's moving so fast,
there are real difficulties. And actually getting everyone in an ecosystem, competitors,
different agencies to truly collaborate, that's hard. Often there's an
unclear return on investment or roy How do you put
(15:17):
an dollar figure on improved trust or transparency. It's not
always easy to justify the upfront cost.
Speaker 2 (15:23):
Yeah, I can see that.
Speaker 4 (15:23):
And honestly, just a basic lack of education and understanding
among decision makers, even among the general public. People need
to understand what it is and what it isn't.
Speaker 2 (15:32):
Those are some major roadblocks.
Speaker 1 (15:34):
So how are the smart countries, the forward thinking ones,
getting around these? How do they encourage adoption without you
messing things up badly?
Speaker 4 (15:43):
A really effective tool many are using is regulatory sandboxes.
Sandboxes like for kids, huh sort of, but for innovation.
Take Singapore's Energy Market Authority the EMA. They set up
a sandbox. It allows companies innovators to test new blockchain
based energy products or services in a live book controlled environment.
(16:05):
The rules will relaxed slightly within the sandbox, limiting the
risk to the wider public or the market if something
goes wrong, but it lets them innovate.
Speaker 2 (16:13):
Ah, okay, test and learn safely.
Speaker 4 (16:15):
Exactly. It's a test and learn approach that combined with
real efforts to rescale the workforce. People need to know
how to use and build this stuff and leveraging blockchain
as a service or BOSS yeah offerings from the big
tech players IBM, Microsoft, Amazon, Web Services. They provide ready made, scalable,
secure blockchain platforms. It lowers the barrier to entry. You
don't need massive upstrount investment in your own infrastructure. It's
(16:37):
all about consciously pushing for sustainable development, using technology for good,
but doing it in a smart, careful, iterative way.
Speaker 1 (16:45):
Wow, what an incredible journey we've taken from that single
cryptic line in bitcoin's first block all the way to
seeing how blockchain is fundamentally starting to reshape well almost everything,
your digital identity, property records, healthcare, how our cities run,
even our national money systems. It really does promise levels
of trust, transparency, efficiency and security in how you interact
(17:09):
with government that we've never really seen before.
Speaker 4 (17:11):
Indeed, by getting rid of those single points of failure
by cutting out unnecessary intermediaries and complex processes, by locking
down data with cryptography, blockchain offers this powerful way to
cut costs, make systems more resilient, and ultimately hopefully build
greater citizen satisfaction and trust. It's still evolving, for sure,
it's a long way to go, but its ability to
secure information, to authenticate, to provide that undeniable proof of
(17:35):
origin and history, its power is undeniable. It's truly transformative potential.
Speaker 1 (17:40):
So as we wrap up what's the provocative thought, this
leaves you, our listener, with, imagine a future, maybe not tomorrow,
but someday where your entire civic life, birth certificate, property deeds,
medical history. Maybe even voting is so fundamentally secure, so
instantly verifiable, that fraud becomes almost impossible, that sole crushing
bureaucracy becomes a distant memory. What new possibilities does that
(18:03):
future unlock for you as an individual, for society as
a whole, And maybe what new sense of agency, what
control could that give you over your.
Speaker 2 (18:10):
Own digital life?
Speaker 1 (18:11):
Something to ponder, definitely, as this technology continues to quietly
or maybe not so quietly, reshape our world,
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