August 24, 2025 • 37 mins
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Speaker 1 (00:00):
Book twenty four, The Ghosts of the Suitors in Hades,
Ulysses and his men go to the house of Laertes.
The people of Ithaca come out to attack Ulysses, but
Minerva concludes a peace. Then Mercury of Silen summoned the
(00:22):
ghosts of the suitors, and in his hand he held
the fair golden wand, with which he seals men's eyes
in sleep, or wakes them just as he pleases. With this,
he roused the ghosts and led them while they followed,
whining and gibbering behind him, as bats fly squealing in
(00:43):
the hollow of some great cave when one of them
has fallen out of the cluster in which they hang.
Even so did the ghosts whine and squeal as Mercury,
the Healer of sorrow, led them down to the dark
abode of death. When they had passed the waters of
Oceanus and the roc Leaulchus, they came to the gates
(01:06):
of the Sun and the land of Dreams, whereon they
reached the meadow of Asphodel, where dwell the souls and
shadows of them that can labor no more. Here they
found the ghost of Achilles, son of Pelias, with those
of Patroclus, Anteloclus, and Ajax, who was the finest and
(01:29):
handsomest man of all the Danians, after the son of
Pelias himself. They gathered round the ghost of the son
of Pelias, and the ghost of Agamemnon joined them, sorrowing bitterly.
Round him were also gathered the ghosts of those who
had perished with him in the house of Ageistus, and
(01:52):
the ghost of Achilles spoke first, son of Atreus, It said,
we used to say that Joe had loved you better
from the first to last than any other hero, for
you were captain over many and brave men when we
were all fighting together before Troy. Yet the hand of death,
(02:15):
which no mortal can escape, was laid upon you all
too early. Better for you had you fallen at Troy
in the heyday of your renown, for the Achaeans would
have built a mound over your ashes, and your son
would have been heir to your good name, whereas it
(02:35):
has now been your lot to come to a most
miserable end. Happy son of Pelias, answered the ghost of Agamemnon,
for having died at Troy far from Argos, while the
bravest of the Trojans, and the Achaeans fell round you,
fighting for your body. There you lay in the whirling
(02:58):
clouds of dust, all huge and hugely heedless. Now of
your chivalry, we fought the whole of the livelong day,
Nor should we ever have left off if Jove had
not sent a hurricane to stay us. Then when we
had borne you to the ships out of the fray,
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we laid you on your bed and cleansed your fair
skin with warm water and with ointments. The Danaeans tore
their hair and wept bitterly round about you. Your mother,
when she heard, came with her immortal nymphs from out
of the sea, and the sound of a great wailing
(03:39):
went forth over the waters, so that the Achaeans quaked
for fear. They would have fled, panic stricken to their ships,
had not wise old Nestor, whose counsel was ever truest,
checked them, saying, hold, argives fly not, sons of the Achaeans,
(04:00):
This is his mother coming from the sea with her
immortal nymphs to view the body of her son. Thus
he spoke, and the Achaeans feared no more. The daughters
of the old man of the sea stood round you,
weeping bitterly, and clothed you in immortal raiment. The nine
(04:23):
muses also came and lifted up their sweet voices in lament,
calling and answering one another. There was not an argive,
but wept for pity of the dirge. They chanted days
and nights seven and ten we mourned you, mortals and immortals.
(04:43):
But on the eighteenth day we gave you to the flames.
And many a fat sheep, with many an ox did
we slay in sacrifice. Around you. You were burnt in
raiment of the gods, with rich resins and with honey,
while heroes horse and foot clashed their armor round the pile,
(05:05):
as you were burning with a tramp, as of a
great multitude. But when the flames of heaven had done
their work, we gathered your white bones at daybreak and
laid them in ointments and in pure wine. Your mother
brought us a golden vase to hold them, gift of
(05:25):
Bacchus and work of Vulcan himself. In this we mingled
your bleached bones with those of Petroclus, who had gone
before you, and separate we enclosed also those of Antilochus,
who had been closer to you than any other of
your comrades. Now that Protroclus was no more over these
(05:49):
the host of the archives built a noble tomb from
a point jutting out over the open Hellespont, that it
might be seen from far out upon the sea by
those now living and by them that shall be born hereafter,
your mother begged prizes from the gods and offered them
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to be contended for by the noblest of the Achaeans.
You must have been present at the funeral of many
a hero, when the young men gird themselves and make
ready to contend for prizes on the death of some
great chieftain. But you never saw such prizes as silver
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footed Thetis offered in your honor, For the gods loved
you well. Thus, even in death, your fame, Achilles, has
not been lost, and your name lives evermore among all mankind.
But as for me, what solace had I when the
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days of my fighting were done? For Jove willed my
destruction on my return by the hands of Agisthus and
those of my wicked. Thus did they converse, and presently
Mercury came up to them with the ghosts of the
suitors who had been killed by Ulysses. The ghosts of
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Agamemnon and Achilles were astonished at seeing them and went
up to them at once. The ghost of Agamemnon recognized Amphemedon,
son of Melanaeus, who lived in Ithaca and had been
his host, so it began to talk to him. Amphemedon
(07:30):
it said, what has happened to all you fine young men,
all of an age too? That you come down here
under the ground. One could pick no finer body of
men from any city. Did Neptune raise his winds and
waves against you when you were at sea? Or did
your enemies make an end of you on the mainland
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when you were cattle lifting or sheep stealing, or while
fighting in defense of your wives and cities? Answer my question,
for I have been your guest. Do you not remember
how I came to your house with Menelaeus to persuade
Ulysses to join us with his ships against Troy. It
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was a whole month ere we could resume our voyage,
for we had hard work to persuade Ulysses to come
with us. And the ghost of Amphimedon answered Agamemnon, son
of Atreus, King of Men, I remember everything that you
have said, and will tell you fully and accurately about
(08:37):
the way in which our end was brought about. Ulysses
had been long gone, and we were courting his wife,
who did not say point blank that she would not
marry nor yet bring matters to an end, for she
meant to compass our destruction. This, then, was the trick
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she played on us. She set up a great tambour
frame in her room and began to work on an
enormous piece of fine needlework. Sweethearts, said she, Ulysses, and
indeed dead. Still, do not press me to marry again immediately, wait,
for I would not have my skill in needlework perish
(09:19):
unrecorded till I have completed a pall for the hero Laertes,
against the time when death shall take him. He is
very rich, and the women of the place will talk
if he is laid out without a pall. This is
what she said, and we assented. Whereupon we could see
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her working upon her great web all day long, but
at night she would unpick the stitches again by torchlight.
She fooled us in this way for three years without
our finding it out. But As time wore on, and
she was now in her fourth year in the waning
of moo wounds, and many days had been accomplished. One
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of her maids, who knew what she was doing, told us,
and we caught her in the act of undoing her work.
So she had to finish it, whether she would or no.
And when she showed us the robe she had made
after she had had it washed, its splendor was as
that of the sun or moon. Then some malicious god
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conveyed Ulysses to the upland farm where his swineherd lives.
Thither presently came also his son, returning from a voyage
to Pylos, and the two came to the town when
they had hatched their plot for our destruction. Telemachus came first,
and then after him, accompanied by the swinnard, came Ulysses,
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clad in rags and leaning on a staff, as though
he were some miserable old beggar. He came so on
a expectedly that none of us knew him, not even
the older ones among us, and we reviled him and
threw things at him. He endured both being struck and
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insulted without a word, though he was in his own house.
But when the will of aegis bearing Jove inspired him,
he and Telemachus took the armor and hid it in
an inner chamber, bolting the doors behind them. Then he
cunningly made his wife offer his bow and a quantity
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of iron, to be contended for by us ill fated suitors.
And this was the beginning of our end, for not
one of us could string the bow, nor nearly do so.
When it was about to reach the hands of Ulysses,
we all of us shouted out that it should not
be given him, no matter what he might say, But
(12:01):
Telemachus insisted on his having it. When he had got
it in his hands, he strung it with ease and
sent his arrow through the iron. Then he stood on
the floor the cloister and poured his arrows on the ground,
glaring fiercely about him. First he killed Antinus, and then,
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aiming straight before him, he let fly his deadly darts,
and they fell thick on one another. It was plain
that some one of the gods was helping them, for
they fell upon us with might and main throughout the cloisters,
and there was a hideous sound of groaning, as our
brains were being battered in and the ground seethed with
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our blood. This, Agamemnon, is how we came by our end.
And our bodies are lying still uncared for in the
house of Ulysses, for our friends at home do not
yet know what has happened, so that they cannot lay
us out and wash the black blood from our wounds,
(13:08):
making moan over us to the offices due to the departed.
Happy Ulysses, son of Laertes, replied the ghost of Agamemnon,
you are indeed blessed in the possession of a wife
endowed with such rare excellence of understanding, and so faithful
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to her wedded lord as Penelope, the daughter of Ecarius.
The fame therefore of her virtue shall never die, and
the immortals shall compose a song that shall be welcome
to all mankind in honor of the constancy of Penelope.
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How far otherwise was the wickedness of the daughter of Tyndareus,
who killed her lawful husband. Her song shall be hateful
among men, for she has brought disgrace on all womankind,
even on the good ones. Thus did they converse in
the house of Hades, deep down within the bowels of
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the earth. Meanwhile, Ulysses and the others passed out of
the town and soon reached the fair and well tilled
farm of Laertes, which he had reclaimed with infinite labor.
Here was his house, with a lean to running all
round it, where the slaves who worked for him slept
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and sat and ate. While inside the house there was
an old sy sell woman who looked after him in
this his country farm. When Ulysses got there, he said
to his son and to the other two, go to
the house and kill the best pig that you can
find for dinner. Meanwhile, I want to see whether my
(15:01):
father will know me or fail to recognize me after
so long an absence. He then took off his armor
and gave it to Eumaeus and Philoetius, who went straight
on to the house, while he turned off into the
vineyard to make trial of his father. As he went
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down into the great orchard, he did not see Dolius,
nor any of his sons, nor of the other bondsmen,
for they were all gathering thorns to make a fence
for the vineyard at the place where the old man
had told them. He therefore found his father alone, hoeing
a vine. He had on a dirty, old shirt, patched
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and very shabby. His legs were bound round with thongs
of ox hide to save him from the brambles, and
he also wore sleeves of leather. He had a goat
skin cap on his head, and was looking very well obegone.
When Ulysses saw him, so worn, so old, and full
(16:05):
of sorrow, he stood still under a tall pear tree
and began to weep. He doubted whether to embrace him,
kiss him, and tell him all about his having come home,
or whether he should first question him and see what
he would say. In the end, he deemed it best
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to be crafty with him. So in this mind he
went up to his father, who was bending down and
digging about a plant. I see, sir, said Ulysses, that
you are an excellent gardener. What pains you take with it?
To be sure? There is not a single plant, not
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a fig tree, vine, olive, pear, nor flower bed, but
bears the trace of your attention. I trust, however, that
you will not be offended if I say that you
take better care of your garden than of yourself. You
are old, unsavory, and very meanly clad. It cannot be
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because you are idle that your master takes such poor
care of you. Indeed, your face and figure have nothing
of the slave about them, and proclaim you of noble birth.
I should have said that you were one of those
who should wash well, eat well, and lie soft at night,
as old men have a right to do. But tell me,
(17:32):
and tell me true, whose bondsman are you? And in
whose garden are you working? Tell me also about another matter.
Is this place that I have come to really Ithaca?
I met a man just now who said so. But
he was a dull fellow and had not the patience
to hear my story out when I was asking him
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about an old friend of mine, whether he was still
living or was already dead, and in the house of Hades.
Believe me when I tell you that this man came
to my house once when I was in my own country,
and never did yet any stranger come to me whom
I liked better. He said that his family came from Ithaca,
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and that his father was Laertes, son of Arsasius. I
received him hospitably, making him welcome to all the abundance
of my house, and when he went away, I gave
him all the customary presents. I gave him seven talents
of fine gold and a cup of solid silver with
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flowers chased upon it. I gave him twelve light cloaks
and as many pieces of tapestry. I also gave him
twelve cloaks of single fold, twelve rugs, twelve fair mantles,
and an equal number of shirts. To all this, I
added four good looking women, skilled in all useful arts,
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and I let him take his choice. His father shed
tears and answered, sir, you have indeed come to the
country that you have named, but it has fallen into
the hands of wicked people. All this wealth of presence
has been given to no purpose. If you could have
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found your friend here alive in Ithaca, he would have
entertained you hospitably and would have requited your presence amply
when you left him, as would have been only right
considering what you had already given him. But tell me,
and tell me true, how many years is it since
you entertained this guest, my unhappy son as ever was
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alas he has perished far from his own country. The
fishes of the sea have eaten him, or he has
fallen a prey to the birds and wild beasts. Of
some continent. Neither his mother nor I his father, who
were his parents, could throw our arms about him and
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wrap him in his shroud. Nor could his excellent and
richly dowered wife, Penelope bewail her husband as was natural
upon his death bed, and to close his eyes according
to the offices due to the departed. But now tell me, truly,
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for I want to know who and whence are you.
Tell me of your town and parents. Where is the
ship lying that has brought you and your men to Ithaca?
Or were you a passenger on some other man's ship,
and those who brought you here have gone on their
way and left you. I will tell you everything, answered Ulysses,
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quite truly. I come from Alibis, where I have a
fine house. I am son of King effade Us, who
is the son of Polypemmon. My own name is Apparatus.
Heaven drove me off my course as I was leaving Psyrcania,
and I have been carried here against my will. As
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for my ship, it is lying over yonder off the
open country outside the town. And this is the fifth
year since Ulysses left my country. Poor fellow, Yet the
omens were good for him when he left me. The
birds all flew on our right hands, and both he
and I rejoiced to see them as we parted, for
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we had every hope that we should have another friendly
meeting and exchange presence. A dark cloud of sorrow fell
upon Laertes as he listened. He filled both hands with
dust from off the ground and poured it over his
gray head, groaning heavily as he did so. The heart
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of Ulysses was touched, and his nostrils quivered as he
looked upon his father. Then he sprang towards him, flung
his arms about him, and kissed him, saying, I am
he father about whom you are asking. I have returned
after having been away for twenty years. But cease your
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sighing and lamentation, for we have no time to lose.
For I should tell you that I have been killing
the suitors in my house to punish them for their
insolence and crimes. If you really are my son, Ulysses,
replied Laertes, and have come back again, you must give
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me such manifest proof of your identity shall convince me.
First observe this scar, answered Ulysses, which I got from
a boar's tusk, when I was hunt on Mount Parnassus.
You and my mother had sent me to Autolaichus, my
(23:05):
mother's father, to receive the presence which when he was
over here he had promised to give me. Furthermore, I
will point out to you the trees and the vineyard
which you gave me, and I asked you all about
them as I followed you round the garden. We went
over them all, and you told me their names and
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what they all were. You gave me thirteen pear trees,
ten apple trees, and forty fig trees. You also said
you would give me fifty rows of vines. There was
corn planted between each row, and they yield grapes of
every kind when the heat of heaven has been laid
heavy upon them. Later, tis strength failed him when he
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heard the convincing proofs which his son had given him.
He threw his arms about him, and Ulysses had to
poor to him or he would have gone off into
a swoon. But as soon as he came too and
was beginning to recover his senses, he said, oh, father Jove,
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then you gods are still in Olympus after all, if
the suitors have really been punished, for their insolence and folly. Nevertheless,
I am much afraid that I shall have all the
townspeople of Ithaca up here directly, and they will be
sending messengers everywhere throughout the cities of the Cephallenians. Ulysses answered,
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take heart, and do not trouble yourself about that. But
let us go into the house hard by your garden.
I have already told Telemachus, Philoetius, and Eumaeus to go
on there and get dinner ready as soon as possible.
Thus conversing, the two made their way towards the house.
When they got there, they found Telemachus, the stockman and
(25:01):
the swinnard cutting up meat and mixing wine with water.
Then the old size sell woman took Layertes inside and
washed him and anointed him with oil. She put him
on a good cloak, and Minerva came up to him
and gave him a more imposing presence, making him taller
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and stouter than before. When he came back, his son
was surprised to see him looking so like an immortal,
and said to him, my dear father, some one of
the gods has been making you much taller and better looking.
Laerties answered would by Father, Jove, Minerva, and Apollo, that
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I were the man I was when I ruled among
the Cephallenians and took Neerikum, that strong fortress on the foreland.
If I were still what I then was, and had
been in our house yesterday with my armor on, I
should have been able to stand by you and help
you against the suitors. I should have killed a great
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many of them, and you would have rejoiced to see it.
Thus did they converse, but the others, when they had
finished their work, and when the feast was ready, left
off working, and took each his proper place on the
benches and seats. Then they began eating, by and bye.
Old Dolius and his sons left their work and came
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up for their mother. The Sisol, woman who looked after Laertes,
now that he was growing old, had been to fetch them.
When they saw Ulysses and were certain it was he,
they stood there lost in astonishment. But Ulysses scolded them
good naturedly, and said, sit down to your dinner, old man,
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and never mind about your surprise. We have been wanting
to begin for some time, and have been waiting for you.
Then Dolius put out both his hands and went up
to Ulysses. Sir, said, he seizing his master's hand and
kissing it at the wrist. We have been long wishing
you home, and now Heaven has restored you to us,
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after we had given up hoping. All hail therefore, and
may the gods prosper you. But tell me, does Penelope
know of your return? Or shall we send some one
to tell her? Old man answered Ulysses, she knows already,
so you need not trouble about that. On this he
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took his seat, and the sons of Dolius gathered round
Ulysses to give him greeting and embrace him, one after
the other. Then they took their seats in due order
near Dolius their father. While they were thus busy getting
their dinner ready, rumor went round the town and noised
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abroad the terrible fate that had befallen the suitors. As
soon therefore as the people heard of it, they gathered
from every quarter, groaning and hooting, before the house of Ulysses.
They took the dead away, buried every man his own,
and put the bodies of those who came from elsewhere
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on board the fishing vessels for the fishermen to take
each of them to his own place. They then met
angrily in the place of assembly, and when they were
got together, Eupaiethes rose to speak. He was overwhelmed with
grief for the death of his son Antinous, who had
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been the first man killed by Ulysses. So he said,
weeping bitterly, my friends, this man has done the Achaeans
great wrong. He took many of our best men away
with him in his fleet, and he has lost both
ships and men. Now moreover, on his return he has
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been killing all the foremost men among the Cephelenians. Let
us be up and doing before he can get away
to Pylos or to Elis, where the Apeians rule, or
we shall be ashamed of ourselves forever afterwards. It will
be an everlasting disgrace to us if we do not
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avenge the murder of our sons and brothers. For my
own part, I should have no more pleasure in life,
but had rather die at once. Let us up then
and after them, before they can cross over to the
main land. He wept as he spoke, and every one
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pitied him, but Madawn and the barred Phemius had now
woke up and came to them from the house of Ulysses.
Everyone was astonished at seeing them, for they stood in
the middle of the assembly, and medon, said hear me,
men of Ithaca, Ulysses did not do these things against
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the will of Heaven. I myself saw an immortal god
take the form of Mentor, and stand beside him. This
God appeared now in front of him, encouraging him, and
now going furiously about the court and attacking the suitors,
whereon they fell thick on one another. On this pale
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fear laid hold of them, and old halethurses son of Mastor,
rose to speak, for he was the only man among
them who knew both past and future. So he spoke
to them plainly and in all honesty, saying, men of Ithaca,
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it is all your own fault that things have turned
out as they have. You would not listen to me,
nor yet to Mentor, when he bade you check the
folly of your sons, who were doing much wrong in
the wantonness of their hearts, wasting the substance, and dishonoring
the wife of a chieftain, who they thought would not return. Now, however,
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Let it be as I say, and do as I
tell you. Do not go out against Ulysses, or you
may find that you have been drawing down evil on
your own heads. That was what he said, And more
than half raised a loud shout and at once left
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the assembly, But the rest stayed where they were, for
the speech of Halethurcees displeased them, and they sided with Eupaiethes.
They therefore hurried off for their armor, and when they
had armed themselves, they met together in front of the city,
and Eupaiethes led them on. In their folly, he thought
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he was going to avenge the murder of his son,
whereas in truth he was never to return, but was
himself to perish in his attempt. Then Minerva said to Jove, father,
son of Saturn, king of Kings, answer me this question.
(32:30):
What do you propose to do? Will you set them
fighting still further? Or will you make peace between them?
And Jove answered, my child, why should you ask me?
Was it not by your own arrangement that Ulysses came
home and took his revenge upon the suitors. Do whatever
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you like, but I will tell you what I think
will be the most reasonable arrangement. Now that Ulysses is revenged,
let them swear to a solemn covenant in virtue of
which he shall continue to rule, while we cause the
others to forgive and forget the massacre of their sons
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and brothers. Let them then all become friends as heretofore,
and let peace and plenty reign. This was what Minerva
was already eager to bring about, so down she darted
from off the topmost summits of Olympus. Now, when Laertes
(33:38):
and the others had done dinner, Ulysses began by saying,
some of you, go out and see if they are
not getting close up to us. So one of Dolly's's
sons went as he was bid. Standing on the threshold,
he could see them all quite near, and said to Ulysses,
here they are, Let us put on our armor at once.
(34:02):
They put on their armor as fast as they could,
that is to say, Ulysses, his three men and the
six sons of Dolius. Laertes also and Dolius did the
same warriors by necessity, in spite of their gray hair.
When they had all put on their armor, they opened
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the gate and sallied forth Ulysses leading the way. Then
Jove's daughter Minerva came up to them, having assumed the
form and voice of mentor. Ulysses was glad when he
saw her and said to his son Telemachus, Telemachus, now
that you are about to fight in an engagement which
(34:45):
will show every man's mettle, be sure not to disgrace
your ancestors, who were imminent for their strength and courage
all the world over. You say, truly, my dear father,
answer Telemachus, and you shall see, if you will, that
I am in no mind to disgrace your family. Laertes
(35:09):
was delighted when he heard this. Good Heavens, he exclaimed,
what a day I am enjoying. I do indeed rejoice
at it. My son and grandson are vine with one
another in the matter of valor. On this, Minerva came
close up to him and said, son of Arcissius, best
(35:32):
friend I have in the world. Pray to the blue
eyed damsel and to Jove her father. Then poise your
spear and hurl it. As she spoke, she infused fresh
vigor into him, and when he had prayed to her,
he poised his spear and hurled it. He hit you
(35:55):
paieth the's helmet, and the spear went right through it,
for the helmet stayed it nott and the armor rang
rattling round him as he fell heavily to the ground. Meanwhile,
Ulysses and his son fell upon the front line of
the foe and smote them with their swords and spears. Indeed,
(36:17):
they would have killed every one of them and prevented
them from ever getting home again. Only Minerva raised her
voice aloud and made everyone pause. Men of Ithaca, She cried,
cease this dreadful war, and settle the matter at once
without further bloodshed. On this pale. Fear seized everyone. They
(36:43):
were so frightened that their arms dropped from their hands
and fell upon the ground at the sound of the
Goddess's voice, and they fled back to the city for
their lives. But Ulysses gave a great cry, and, gathering
himself together, swooped down like a soaring eagle. Then the
(37:05):
son of Saturn sent a thunderbolt of fire that fell
just in front of Minerva. So she said to Ulysses, Ulysses,
noble son of Laertes, stop this warful strife, or Jove
will be angry with you, Thus spoke Minerva, and Ulysses
(37:29):
obeyed her gladly. Then Minerva assumed the form and voice
of Mentor, and presently made a covenant of peace between
the two contending parties. End of Book twenty four and
(37:50):
end of the Odyssey by Homer, as translated by Samuel Butler.
Book twenty four, The Ghosts of the Suitors in Hades,
Ulysses and his men go to the house of Laertes.
The people of Ithaca come out to attack Ulysses, but
Minerva concludes a peace. Then Mercury of Silen summoned the
(00:22):
ghosts of the suitors, and in his hand he held
the fair golden wand, with which he seals men's eyes
in sleep, or wakes them just as he pleases. With this,
he roused the ghosts and led them while they followed,
whining and gibbering behind him, as bats fly squealing in
(00:43):
the hollow of some great cave when one of them
has fallen out of the cluster in which they hang.
Even so did the ghosts whine and squeal as Mercury,
the Healer of sorrow, led them down to the dark
abode of death. When they had passed the waters of
Oceanus and the roc Leaulchus, they came to the gates
(01:06):
of the Sun and the land of Dreams, whereon they
reached the meadow of Asphodel, where dwell the souls and
shadows of them that can labor no more. Here they
found the ghost of Achilles, son of Pelias, with those
of Patroclus, Anteloclus, and Ajax, who was the finest and
(01:29):
handsomest man of all the Danians, after the son of
Pelias himself. They gathered round the ghost of the son
of Pelias, and the ghost of Agamemnon joined them, sorrowing bitterly.
Round him were also gathered the ghosts of those who
had perished with him in the house of Ageistus, and
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the ghost of Achilles spoke first, son of Atreus, It said,
we used to say that Joe had loved you better
from the first to last than any other hero, for
you were captain over many and brave men when we
were all fighting together before Troy. Yet the hand of death,
(02:15):
which no mortal can escape, was laid upon you all
too early. Better for you had you fallen at Troy
in the heyday of your renown, for the Achaeans would
have built a mound over your ashes, and your son
would have been heir to your good name, whereas it
(02:35):
has now been your lot to come to a most
miserable end. Happy son of Pelias, answered the ghost of Agamemnon,
for having died at Troy far from Argos, while the
bravest of the Trojans, and the Achaeans fell round you,
fighting for your body. There you lay in the whirling
(02:58):
clouds of dust, all huge and hugely heedless. Now of
your chivalry, we fought the whole of the livelong day,
Nor should we ever have left off if Jove had
not sent a hurricane to stay us. Then when we
had borne you to the ships out of the fray,
(03:19):
we laid you on your bed and cleansed your fair
skin with warm water and with ointments. The Danaeans tore
their hair and wept bitterly round about you. Your mother,
when she heard, came with her immortal nymphs from out
of the sea, and the sound of a great wailing
(03:39):
went forth over the waters, so that the Achaeans quaked
for fear. They would have fled, panic stricken to their ships,
had not wise old Nestor, whose counsel was ever truest,
checked them, saying, hold, argives fly not, sons of the Achaeans,
(04:00):
This is his mother coming from the sea with her
immortal nymphs to view the body of her son. Thus
he spoke, and the Achaeans feared no more. The daughters
of the old man of the sea stood round you,
weeping bitterly, and clothed you in immortal raiment. The nine
(04:23):
muses also came and lifted up their sweet voices in lament,
calling and answering one another. There was not an argive,
but wept for pity of the dirge. They chanted days
and nights seven and ten we mourned you, mortals and immortals.
(04:43):
But on the eighteenth day we gave you to the flames.
And many a fat sheep, with many an ox did
we slay in sacrifice. Around you. You were burnt in
raiment of the gods, with rich resins and with honey,
while heroes horse and foot clashed their armor round the pile,
(05:05):
as you were burning with a tramp, as of a
great multitude. But when the flames of heaven had done
their work, we gathered your white bones at daybreak and
laid them in ointments and in pure wine. Your mother
brought us a golden vase to hold them, gift of
(05:25):
Bacchus and work of Vulcan himself. In this we mingled
your bleached bones with those of Petroclus, who had gone
before you, and separate we enclosed also those of Antilochus,
who had been closer to you than any other of
your comrades. Now that Protroclus was no more over these
(05:49):
the host of the archives built a noble tomb from
a point jutting out over the open Hellespont, that it
might be seen from far out upon the sea by
those now living and by them that shall be born hereafter,
your mother begged prizes from the gods and offered them
(06:09):
to be contended for by the noblest of the Achaeans.
You must have been present at the funeral of many
a hero, when the young men gird themselves and make
ready to contend for prizes on the death of some
great chieftain. But you never saw such prizes as silver
(06:30):
footed Thetis offered in your honor, For the gods loved
you well. Thus, even in death, your fame, Achilles, has
not been lost, and your name lives evermore among all mankind.
But as for me, what solace had I when the
(06:50):
days of my fighting were done? For Jove willed my
destruction on my return by the hands of Agisthus and
those of my wicked. Thus did they converse, and presently
Mercury came up to them with the ghosts of the
suitors who had been killed by Ulysses. The ghosts of
(07:10):
Agamemnon and Achilles were astonished at seeing them and went
up to them at once. The ghost of Agamemnon recognized Amphemedon,
son of Melanaeus, who lived in Ithaca and had been
his host, so it began to talk to him. Amphemedon
(07:30):
it said, what has happened to all you fine young men,
all of an age too? That you come down here
under the ground. One could pick no finer body of
men from any city. Did Neptune raise his winds and
waves against you when you were at sea? Or did
your enemies make an end of you on the mainland
(07:54):
when you were cattle lifting or sheep stealing, or while
fighting in defense of your wives and cities? Answer my question,
for I have been your guest. Do you not remember
how I came to your house with Menelaeus to persuade
Ulysses to join us with his ships against Troy. It
(08:15):
was a whole month ere we could resume our voyage,
for we had hard work to persuade Ulysses to come
with us. And the ghost of Amphimedon answered Agamemnon, son
of Atreus, King of Men, I remember everything that you
have said, and will tell you fully and accurately about
(08:37):
the way in which our end was brought about. Ulysses
had been long gone, and we were courting his wife,
who did not say point blank that she would not
marry nor yet bring matters to an end, for she
meant to compass our destruction. This, then, was the trick
(08:57):
she played on us. She set up a great tambour
frame in her room and began to work on an
enormous piece of fine needlework. Sweethearts, said she, Ulysses, and
indeed dead. Still, do not press me to marry again immediately, wait,
for I would not have my skill in needlework perish
(09:19):
unrecorded till I have completed a pall for the hero Laertes,
against the time when death shall take him. He is
very rich, and the women of the place will talk
if he is laid out without a pall. This is
what she said, and we assented. Whereupon we could see
(09:40):
her working upon her great web all day long, but
at night she would unpick the stitches again by torchlight.
She fooled us in this way for three years without
our finding it out. But As time wore on, and
she was now in her fourth year in the waning
of moo wounds, and many days had been accomplished. One
(10:03):
of her maids, who knew what she was doing, told us,
and we caught her in the act of undoing her work.
So she had to finish it, whether she would or no.
And when she showed us the robe she had made
after she had had it washed, its splendor was as
that of the sun or moon. Then some malicious god
(10:27):
conveyed Ulysses to the upland farm where his swineherd lives.
Thither presently came also his son, returning from a voyage
to Pylos, and the two came to the town when
they had hatched their plot for our destruction. Telemachus came first,
and then after him, accompanied by the swinnard, came Ulysses,
(10:52):
clad in rags and leaning on a staff, as though
he were some miserable old beggar. He came so on
a expectedly that none of us knew him, not even
the older ones among us, and we reviled him and
threw things at him. He endured both being struck and
(11:12):
insulted without a word, though he was in his own house.
But when the will of aegis bearing Jove inspired him,
he and Telemachus took the armor and hid it in
an inner chamber, bolting the doors behind them. Then he
cunningly made his wife offer his bow and a quantity
(11:37):
of iron, to be contended for by us ill fated suitors.
And this was the beginning of our end, for not
one of us could string the bow, nor nearly do so.
When it was about to reach the hands of Ulysses,
we all of us shouted out that it should not
be given him, no matter what he might say, But
(12:01):
Telemachus insisted on his having it. When he had got
it in his hands, he strung it with ease and
sent his arrow through the iron. Then he stood on
the floor the cloister and poured his arrows on the ground,
glaring fiercely about him. First he killed Antinus, and then,
(12:22):
aiming straight before him, he let fly his deadly darts,
and they fell thick on one another. It was plain
that some one of the gods was helping them, for
they fell upon us with might and main throughout the cloisters,
and there was a hideous sound of groaning, as our
brains were being battered in and the ground seethed with
(12:46):
our blood. This, Agamemnon, is how we came by our end.
And our bodies are lying still uncared for in the
house of Ulysses, for our friends at home do not
yet know what has happened, so that they cannot lay
us out and wash the black blood from our wounds,
(13:08):
making moan over us to the offices due to the departed.
Happy Ulysses, son of Laertes, replied the ghost of Agamemnon,
you are indeed blessed in the possession of a wife
endowed with such rare excellence of understanding, and so faithful
(13:31):
to her wedded lord as Penelope, the daughter of Ecarius.
The fame therefore of her virtue shall never die, and
the immortals shall compose a song that shall be welcome
to all mankind in honor of the constancy of Penelope.
(13:51):
How far otherwise was the wickedness of the daughter of Tyndareus,
who killed her lawful husband. Her song shall be hateful
among men, for she has brought disgrace on all womankind,
even on the good ones. Thus did they converse in
the house of Hades, deep down within the bowels of
(14:14):
the earth. Meanwhile, Ulysses and the others passed out of
the town and soon reached the fair and well tilled
farm of Laertes, which he had reclaimed with infinite labor.
Here was his house, with a lean to running all
round it, where the slaves who worked for him slept
(14:37):
and sat and ate. While inside the house there was
an old sy sell woman who looked after him in
this his country farm. When Ulysses got there, he said
to his son and to the other two, go to
the house and kill the best pig that you can
find for dinner. Meanwhile, I want to see whether my
(15:01):
father will know me or fail to recognize me after
so long an absence. He then took off his armor
and gave it to Eumaeus and Philoetius, who went straight
on to the house, while he turned off into the
vineyard to make trial of his father. As he went
(15:22):
down into the great orchard, he did not see Dolius,
nor any of his sons, nor of the other bondsmen,
for they were all gathering thorns to make a fence
for the vineyard at the place where the old man
had told them. He therefore found his father alone, hoeing
a vine. He had on a dirty, old shirt, patched
(15:44):
and very shabby. His legs were bound round with thongs
of ox hide to save him from the brambles, and
he also wore sleeves of leather. He had a goat
skin cap on his head, and was looking very well obegone.
When Ulysses saw him, so worn, so old, and full
(16:05):
of sorrow, he stood still under a tall pear tree
and began to weep. He doubted whether to embrace him,
kiss him, and tell him all about his having come home,
or whether he should first question him and see what
he would say. In the end, he deemed it best
(16:26):
to be crafty with him. So in this mind he
went up to his father, who was bending down and
digging about a plant. I see, sir, said Ulysses, that
you are an excellent gardener. What pains you take with it?
To be sure? There is not a single plant, not
(16:47):
a fig tree, vine, olive, pear, nor flower bed, but
bears the trace of your attention. I trust, however, that
you will not be offended if I say that you
take better care of your garden than of yourself. You
are old, unsavory, and very meanly clad. It cannot be
(17:09):
because you are idle that your master takes such poor
care of you. Indeed, your face and figure have nothing
of the slave about them, and proclaim you of noble birth.
I should have said that you were one of those
who should wash well, eat well, and lie soft at night,
as old men have a right to do. But tell me,
(17:32):
and tell me true, whose bondsman are you? And in
whose garden are you working? Tell me also about another matter.
Is this place that I have come to really Ithaca?
I met a man just now who said so. But
he was a dull fellow and had not the patience
to hear my story out when I was asking him
(17:53):
about an old friend of mine, whether he was still
living or was already dead, and in the house of Hades.
Believe me when I tell you that this man came
to my house once when I was in my own country,
and never did yet any stranger come to me whom
I liked better. He said that his family came from Ithaca,
(18:15):
and that his father was Laertes, son of Arsasius. I
received him hospitably, making him welcome to all the abundance
of my house, and when he went away, I gave
him all the customary presents. I gave him seven talents
of fine gold and a cup of solid silver with
(18:38):
flowers chased upon it. I gave him twelve light cloaks
and as many pieces of tapestry. I also gave him
twelve cloaks of single fold, twelve rugs, twelve fair mantles,
and an equal number of shirts. To all this, I
added four good looking women, skilled in all useful arts,
(18:59):
and I let him take his choice. His father shed
tears and answered, sir, you have indeed come to the
country that you have named, but it has fallen into
the hands of wicked people. All this wealth of presence
has been given to no purpose. If you could have
(19:21):
found your friend here alive in Ithaca, he would have
entertained you hospitably and would have requited your presence amply
when you left him, as would have been only right
considering what you had already given him. But tell me,
and tell me true, how many years is it since
you entertained this guest, my unhappy son as ever was
(19:47):
alas he has perished far from his own country. The
fishes of the sea have eaten him, or he has
fallen a prey to the birds and wild beasts. Of
some continent. Neither his mother nor I his father, who
were his parents, could throw our arms about him and
(20:08):
wrap him in his shroud. Nor could his excellent and
richly dowered wife, Penelope bewail her husband as was natural
upon his death bed, and to close his eyes according
to the offices due to the departed. But now tell me, truly,
(20:28):
for I want to know who and whence are you.
Tell me of your town and parents. Where is the
ship lying that has brought you and your men to Ithaca?
Or were you a passenger on some other man's ship,
and those who brought you here have gone on their
way and left you. I will tell you everything, answered Ulysses,
(20:52):
quite truly. I come from Alibis, where I have a
fine house. I am son of King effade Us, who
is the son of Polypemmon. My own name is Apparatus.
Heaven drove me off my course as I was leaving Psyrcania,
and I have been carried here against my will. As
(21:16):
for my ship, it is lying over yonder off the
open country outside the town. And this is the fifth
year since Ulysses left my country. Poor fellow, Yet the
omens were good for him when he left me. The
birds all flew on our right hands, and both he
and I rejoiced to see them as we parted, for
(21:38):
we had every hope that we should have another friendly
meeting and exchange presence. A dark cloud of sorrow fell
upon Laertes as he listened. He filled both hands with
dust from off the ground and poured it over his
gray head, groaning heavily as he did so. The heart
(22:01):
of Ulysses was touched, and his nostrils quivered as he
looked upon his father. Then he sprang towards him, flung
his arms about him, and kissed him, saying, I am
he father about whom you are asking. I have returned
after having been away for twenty years. But cease your
(22:24):
sighing and lamentation, for we have no time to lose.
For I should tell you that I have been killing
the suitors in my house to punish them for their
insolence and crimes. If you really are my son, Ulysses,
replied Laertes, and have come back again, you must give
(22:45):
me such manifest proof of your identity shall convince me.
First observe this scar, answered Ulysses, which I got from
a boar's tusk, when I was hunt on Mount Parnassus.
You and my mother had sent me to Autolaichus, my
(23:05):
mother's father, to receive the presence which when he was
over here he had promised to give me. Furthermore, I
will point out to you the trees and the vineyard
which you gave me, and I asked you all about
them as I followed you round the garden. We went
over them all, and you told me their names and
(23:26):
what they all were. You gave me thirteen pear trees,
ten apple trees, and forty fig trees. You also said
you would give me fifty rows of vines. There was
corn planted between each row, and they yield grapes of
every kind when the heat of heaven has been laid
heavy upon them. Later, tis strength failed him when he
(23:52):
heard the convincing proofs which his son had given him.
He threw his arms about him, and Ulysses had to
poor to him or he would have gone off into
a swoon. But as soon as he came too and
was beginning to recover his senses, he said, oh, father Jove,
(24:13):
then you gods are still in Olympus after all, if
the suitors have really been punished, for their insolence and folly. Nevertheless,
I am much afraid that I shall have all the
townspeople of Ithaca up here directly, and they will be
sending messengers everywhere throughout the cities of the Cephallenians. Ulysses answered,
(24:38):
take heart, and do not trouble yourself about that. But
let us go into the house hard by your garden.
I have already told Telemachus, Philoetius, and Eumaeus to go
on there and get dinner ready as soon as possible.
Thus conversing, the two made their way towards the house.
When they got there, they found Telemachus, the stockman and
(25:01):
the swinnard cutting up meat and mixing wine with water.
Then the old size sell woman took Layertes inside and
washed him and anointed him with oil. She put him
on a good cloak, and Minerva came up to him
and gave him a more imposing presence, making him taller
(25:21):
and stouter than before. When he came back, his son
was surprised to see him looking so like an immortal,
and said to him, my dear father, some one of
the gods has been making you much taller and better looking.
Laerties answered would by Father, Jove, Minerva, and Apollo, that
(25:43):
I were the man I was when I ruled among
the Cephallenians and took Neerikum, that strong fortress on the foreland.
If I were still what I then was, and had
been in our house yesterday with my armor on, I
should have been able to stand by you and help
you against the suitors. I should have killed a great
(26:06):
many of them, and you would have rejoiced to see it.
Thus did they converse, but the others, when they had
finished their work, and when the feast was ready, left
off working, and took each his proper place on the
benches and seats. Then they began eating, by and bye.
Old Dolius and his sons left their work and came
(26:29):
up for their mother. The Sisol, woman who looked after Laertes,
now that he was growing old, had been to fetch them.
When they saw Ulysses and were certain it was he,
they stood there lost in astonishment. But Ulysses scolded them
good naturedly, and said, sit down to your dinner, old man,
(26:52):
and never mind about your surprise. We have been wanting
to begin for some time, and have been waiting for you.
Then Dolius put out both his hands and went up
to Ulysses. Sir, said, he seizing his master's hand and
kissing it at the wrist. We have been long wishing
you home, and now Heaven has restored you to us,
(27:16):
after we had given up hoping. All hail therefore, and
may the gods prosper you. But tell me, does Penelope
know of your return? Or shall we send some one
to tell her? Old man answered Ulysses, she knows already,
so you need not trouble about that. On this he
(27:39):
took his seat, and the sons of Dolius gathered round
Ulysses to give him greeting and embrace him, one after
the other. Then they took their seats in due order
near Dolius their father. While they were thus busy getting
their dinner ready, rumor went round the town and noised
(28:01):
abroad the terrible fate that had befallen the suitors. As
soon therefore as the people heard of it, they gathered
from every quarter, groaning and hooting, before the house of Ulysses.
They took the dead away, buried every man his own,
and put the bodies of those who came from elsewhere
(28:21):
on board the fishing vessels for the fishermen to take
each of them to his own place. They then met
angrily in the place of assembly, and when they were
got together, Eupaiethes rose to speak. He was overwhelmed with
grief for the death of his son Antinous, who had
(28:42):
been the first man killed by Ulysses. So he said,
weeping bitterly, my friends, this man has done the Achaeans
great wrong. He took many of our best men away
with him in his fleet, and he has lost both
ships and men. Now moreover, on his return he has
(29:05):
been killing all the foremost men among the Cephelenians. Let
us be up and doing before he can get away
to Pylos or to Elis, where the Apeians rule, or
we shall be ashamed of ourselves forever afterwards. It will
be an everlasting disgrace to us if we do not
(29:28):
avenge the murder of our sons and brothers. For my
own part, I should have no more pleasure in life,
but had rather die at once. Let us up then
and after them, before they can cross over to the
main land. He wept as he spoke, and every one
(29:52):
pitied him, but Madawn and the barred Phemius had now
woke up and came to them from the house of Ulysses.
Everyone was astonished at seeing them, for they stood in
the middle of the assembly, and medon, said hear me,
men of Ithaca, Ulysses did not do these things against
(30:15):
the will of Heaven. I myself saw an immortal god
take the form of Mentor, and stand beside him. This
God appeared now in front of him, encouraging him, and
now going furiously about the court and attacking the suitors,
whereon they fell thick on one another. On this pale
(30:38):
fear laid hold of them, and old halethurses son of Mastor,
rose to speak, for he was the only man among
them who knew both past and future. So he spoke
to them plainly and in all honesty, saying, men of Ithaca,
(30:59):
it is all your own fault that things have turned
out as they have. You would not listen to me,
nor yet to Mentor, when he bade you check the
folly of your sons, who were doing much wrong in
the wantonness of their hearts, wasting the substance, and dishonoring
the wife of a chieftain, who they thought would not return. Now, however,
(31:25):
Let it be as I say, and do as I
tell you. Do not go out against Ulysses, or you
may find that you have been drawing down evil on
your own heads. That was what he said, And more
than half raised a loud shout and at once left
(31:46):
the assembly, But the rest stayed where they were, for
the speech of Halethurcees displeased them, and they sided with Eupaiethes.
They therefore hurried off for their armor, and when they
had armed themselves, they met together in front of the city,
and Eupaiethes led them on. In their folly, he thought
(32:09):
he was going to avenge the murder of his son,
whereas in truth he was never to return, but was
himself to perish in his attempt. Then Minerva said to Jove, father,
son of Saturn, king of Kings, answer me this question.
(32:30):
What do you propose to do? Will you set them
fighting still further? Or will you make peace between them?
And Jove answered, my child, why should you ask me?
Was it not by your own arrangement that Ulysses came
home and took his revenge upon the suitors. Do whatever
(32:53):
you like, but I will tell you what I think
will be the most reasonable arrangement. Now that Ulysses is revenged,
let them swear to a solemn covenant in virtue of
which he shall continue to rule, while we cause the
others to forgive and forget the massacre of their sons
(33:16):
and brothers. Let them then all become friends as heretofore,
and let peace and plenty reign. This was what Minerva
was already eager to bring about, so down she darted
from off the topmost summits of Olympus. Now, when Laertes
(33:38):
and the others had done dinner, Ulysses began by saying,
some of you, go out and see if they are
not getting close up to us. So one of Dolly's's
sons went as he was bid. Standing on the threshold,
he could see them all quite near, and said to Ulysses,
here they are, Let us put on our armor at once.
(34:02):
They put on their armor as fast as they could,
that is to say, Ulysses, his three men and the
six sons of Dolius. Laertes also and Dolius did the
same warriors by necessity, in spite of their gray hair.
When they had all put on their armor, they opened
(34:22):
the gate and sallied forth Ulysses leading the way. Then
Jove's daughter Minerva came up to them, having assumed the
form and voice of mentor. Ulysses was glad when he
saw her and said to his son Telemachus, Telemachus, now
that you are about to fight in an engagement which
(34:45):
will show every man's mettle, be sure not to disgrace
your ancestors, who were imminent for their strength and courage
all the world over. You say, truly, my dear father,
answer Telemachus, and you shall see, if you will, that
I am in no mind to disgrace your family. Laertes
(35:09):
was delighted when he heard this. Good Heavens, he exclaimed,
what a day I am enjoying. I do indeed rejoice
at it. My son and grandson are vine with one
another in the matter of valor. On this, Minerva came
close up to him and said, son of Arcissius, best
(35:32):
friend I have in the world. Pray to the blue
eyed damsel and to Jove her father. Then poise your
spear and hurl it. As she spoke, she infused fresh
vigor into him, and when he had prayed to her,
he poised his spear and hurled it. He hit you
(35:55):
paieth the's helmet, and the spear went right through it,
for the helmet stayed it nott and the armor rang
rattling round him as he fell heavily to the ground. Meanwhile,
Ulysses and his son fell upon the front line of
the foe and smote them with their swords and spears. Indeed,
(36:17):
they would have killed every one of them and prevented
them from ever getting home again. Only Minerva raised her
voice aloud and made everyone pause. Men of Ithaca, She cried,
cease this dreadful war, and settle the matter at once
without further bloodshed. On this pale. Fear seized everyone. They
(36:43):
were so frightened that their arms dropped from their hands
and fell upon the ground at the sound of the
Goddess's voice, and they fled back to the city for
their lives. But Ulysses gave a great cry, and, gathering
himself together, swooped down like a soaring eagle. Then the
(37:05):
son of Saturn sent a thunderbolt of fire that fell
just in front of Minerva. So she said to Ulysses, Ulysses,
noble son of Laertes, stop this warful strife, or Jove
will be angry with you, Thus spoke Minerva, and Ulysses
(37:29):
obeyed her gladly. Then Minerva assumed the form and voice
of Mentor, and presently made a covenant of peace between
the two contending parties. End of Book twenty four and
(37:50):
end of the Odyssey by Homer, as translated by Samuel Butler.
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