July 14, 2024 • 53 mins
Tom Kalb and Kelsey Deckert talk about fire blight and April showers in regards to growing your own plants in North Dakota.
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(00:23):
Welcome to Dakota Growing. I'm KelseyDecker, your horticulture agent here in Burley
County, joined in the radio accessstudio by my co host Tom called the
NDASU Extension Horticulturalist. How's it going. Oh it's okay, I guess week
after the fourth Okay, yeah,it's okay. It's one day. Everybody's
well arrested. D Well, there'sbeautiful dra have a great show today,
(00:49):
great great show. Talk about allthe misery happening in our gardens right now,
because that's, you know, that'swhat we're all about with extension people.
You know, nobody ever invites me. I mean, see, Tom,
you got to come look at mylawn. It's so beautiful. I'll
go, Tom, what the heck'swrong? Like train, you gotta come
out here and save it. SoI just feel like I'm a like an
(01:11):
ambulance guy, kind of always runningaround trying to That's what I said this
morning. Phone was ringing. Isaid, it's almost like a vet office
around here. Got my vet textsthat are asking the initial questions. Right,
Well, money's always the worst.They had the whole weekend to notice
a problem in their yard. Well, I was hoping most people would have
(01:34):
been at the lake, you know, and doing all the Fourth of July
festivities like give the yard a breaktype thing. Well, there's not that
many lakes in North Dkota, butthere's a lot that people occupy the ones
that there are. I've never reallybeen to the lake so much in North
Dkota, but uh yeah, butmoneys generally are the worst, because that's
(01:57):
just my experience, especial Monday mornings, because people want to they they felt
like their leaves are dropping on theirtree and they just their concern. Lots
of rain again, yeah, itkeeps coming, but now it's sorry is
turned off now. Sorry, We'regonna talk about that later. Uh talk
about right now. It's like,uh, you know what it's it's been
(02:22):
really uh moist and a little bituh moderate in temperature. Yeah, a
little cool, but now it lookslike it's gonna get really warm now.
And I saw no rain in thenext ten days for Bismarck, mean Dan,
so it looks like the heat ofthe summer's coming now. Yeah.
(02:43):
I was telling Quinn, our producerbefore we started that on the fourth we
had like a monsoon at our place. It was like two inches under an
hour in the morning. No,it was afternoon. Oh yeah, it
was afternoon. We actually were gonnago for a little horseback ride. Literally
drove the horses to where we're gonnaride. I didn't even get up on
(03:05):
my horse, just downpourt and thena downpourt for about an hour straight,
and our corrals like flooded. I've, like man, never seen this much
happen out at our place where thewater was just running. We were in
the spot. I think that wasa good Lord just saying, you know,
it's a holiday for your horse.You've got to stay off that horse,
let it rest. But what doyou run? What do you sit
(03:28):
on top of a poor old horsefor? So sometimes I think the Lord
does does manipulate the weather for certainreasons, and maybe that was the case
this time. That's just my thought. I could be wrong about that.
Yeah, but you know about that, I was saying about that moisture tube
because like it's been so the lawnsreally growing strong the spring. Yes,
(03:50):
and usually like we always say,okay, you got to fertilize the lawn
in labor on Labor Day around andthen Memorial Day, right, but then
like fourth of July is like anoptional one. But I was thinking,
like, you know, this yearthat it could be a good year because
we've got so much rain so thatfertilizer kind of leaches out a little bit
and there's been a lot of growth. So if someone usually I'm a little
(04:14):
maintenance guy, and I wouldn't.I just would not do it. But
other people are a higher maintenance.If you did, if you did like
a organic fertilizer, that wouldn't burnthe turf, you know, but but
not so it could be done ifyou really care a lot for your lawn.
But now again, here we go, it's gonna change. Now,
yeah, the weather, it's gonnachange. So maybe like in ten days,
your LUN's gonna kind of be uhdragging along there so because it doesn't
(04:40):
like the heat. So we'll justhave to see what happens. A lot
of things, it's always dynamic.Every year is a little bit different,
very much. So what are yougonna highlight it today? Oh? I'm
gonna start off on a positive.No one, Well, you talk about
nobody wanting to show off the yardsor anything, and you know, you
got you got something the show offI got you know what? Shout out
(05:00):
to my grandma. Okay, yeah, she A couple of weeks ago,
my grandpa got an honorary award outin Glennallen and we were leaving and my
grandma called and she goes, youjust got to pull in really quick.
I just got to show you something. So I was thinking, okay,
what trees not looking good? Really, and then she showed me her front
(05:21):
yard here and just she said shedid nothing looks wonderful. And these pictures
don't even I mean, this picturedoesn't even do it justice. I took
some close ups of it, butshe told me, I know rule number
one, but she's gonna collect someseed for me and I'm gonna give it
a whirl at my place. Sookay, so you said I was a
(05:42):
Lark's brother, Yeah, yep.And then like white daisy looking Cosmos not
Cosmos, not Cosmos, no closeup there. Yeah, but Cosmos look
a lot like daisies, and theyget that tall and they're really easy to
grow. And you can say seefrom Cosmos if you want. Yeah.
Yeah. And then she got thathanging basket that's in the picture too,
(06:05):
but yeah, it just it looksvery nice, very very nice. And
then I had another gardener. Yousee that bouquet in the middle, He
brought that into her office. Growsroses. Didn't you tell him you're married.
He's just showing off his roses.Great, his roses are And he
(06:28):
said that, and he did showme the picture. I didn't include it,
but he showed me a picture.It's right in his front yard.
And he said, for several yearshe had a gentleman who would come by
and take photographs. But he's justgot abundance of color down there. And
again the photos don't do it justice. But big roses, these deep you
know, purple just I don't know. They were just gorgeous, very good
(06:55):
too. Yeah, no disease there, that's kind of disease. That's kind
And I like that bike collor yougot that mm hmm. Almost looks like
a double delight. He had anotherone in the bouquet. It's behind the
big purple one. That's kind oflike a light pink kind of double color
as well. But I don't Idon't know exactly the varieties. I was
(07:17):
very intrigued by the deep purple onthem. Yeah, you don't see that
very often with roses. No,a dark deep purple. Yeah, so
that's and like those look like hybridtees from that quality of the bloom.
They're pretty big and showy and they'rejust off. Instead of being so negative
(07:42):
all the time, we got tostart off on a positive that yeah,
yeah, well that's not easy togo on hybrid teaes like that. In
North Dakota. Hear the winter protection. It's pretty important. Malt right.
Oh yeah, you gotta, yougotta protect them, you gotta and you
go. I think one of thebiggest keys is you got to plant them
deep to begin with. You gottahave that crown protected at least four inches
(08:07):
in the ground. Just bury thatsucker or not a soccer stream, just
bury that plant, and and thenyou got to give it winter protection.
For hybrid teath it is. Youknow, there's there's other hardy roses out
there, like shrub roses. It'slike for roses, I like to get
ones that are on their own roots, so that way, if they do
(08:28):
die back, they'll spring up withthe same type of quality as the top
the scion was. So I'll lookfor own root roses, not necessarily grafted
roses. Grafted roses like most hybridteas are grafted and if they die back
to the crown, you're just gonnaget the they're done well, they're just
(08:50):
gonna have a wild rose roots dockcome up after that. But that that
inspired me to want to try roses. But I talk about my pa and
there's no tree protection. So I'mlike, no tree Am I am?
I? You know, like ourwinters, that's a lot of exposure.
So am I setting myself up forfailure disappointments trying to grow like these nice
(09:13):
high bred teas that I would want. I would want that purple one.
I just I love that purple one. So I have to see. I
think the best thing about a hybridtea. The one thing special about it
is the fragrance. Are very fragrant. See that's what you don't get with
the shrub rolls. Shrub roses likefor you, it sounds like you lack
(09:35):
confidence in your situations. Maybe ashrub ros would be like, you gotta
learn your ABC's before you do.They got calculus. Shrub rolls are dark
purple. I'm not aware of any, but there may be like one.
I'm gonna have to go research.Just it's very rare for shrub rolls.
(09:58):
Almost there's a lot of pink amongshrub roses. And but but but actually
there's they come in all kinds ofcolors. Now there's I mean it's it's
really been exploding the last twenty yearsas far as the colors. And but
a deep dark purple, I'm notaware of any. But but the sharp
broats, they lack fragrance. They'reeasy to grow, but they just don't.
(10:22):
They don't they if people say theyit's if you smell it, and
you smell something, it's really imaginary. You just imagine you smelled it.
There's there's almost no fragrance in almostall of them. That's the only disappointment.
Hybrid teas are great for fragrance,but they're just so tricky. So
how about I try it in araised bed? Does that help my odds?
(10:43):
No? No? Sorry, wellit improved drainage. But the problem
is anytime you raise the plant up, you could be exposing the roots to
uh yeah, two more cold towns. Because the roots are the most sensitive
part of the plant to temperatures.So if you do a raised bed,
you have to have the mult therows. But you know what, there's
(11:05):
there's only one way to find out. And then to try it. That's
right, go for it. IfI had like a permanent structure on my
place that I knew, like,hey, down the road, I'm not
gonna you know, build a newhouse. But that's kind of the goal.
So it's like how much land yougot there? A lot? Yeah,
we got like we can't find likea little plot of land that you
(11:30):
know you're not gonna build a houseon. Well, I just I want
to increase my chances of protection.So I feel like if I would have,
you know, if i'd plant it, and then I would be able
to eliminate some of that northwest wind, that would increase my well hybrid t
you're burying it, just burying itevery fall. Yeah. You what you
(11:50):
do is you okay, you're gonnawell, you'll cut it. You'll you
won't cut it back, you won'tcut it back. But what you'll do
is you're gonna you're gonna have aboutyou'll have your canes. And then what
you gotta do is you'll like heapamount of soil over it, like about
say eight ten twelve inches of soilor compost, and then you're gonna put
(12:13):
leaves over it or straw on itand you got lots of straw, so
that's I bet it could go fromthose horses and stuff. So I'm sure
you can put straw and like whatthey do, Like I remember when I
was in Wisconsin, I was atthe Milwaukee Rose Garden Botanical Garden and these
like like you have a bed ofroses and it's all you know, got
woodship multing, all shredded bark multing. And then what they do is they
(12:39):
they put like chicken wire around itthe whole bed and just fill it and
they just yeah, your top littlesoil on top of the crown of each
and then you fill it with likeshredded leaves or straw is even better because
it it won't matt down. Butyeah, since you got straw, that'd
be great. Yeah, but yougot to well first you got a beer.
(13:00):
Read that plant deep. You gottaget that crown deep. Otherwise you're
gonna have prompts. That's the wholekey you can do it. Sunny spot
best is the east facing location whereit gets the morning sun. Sunny spot,
and you gotta have access to moisture. It's got to have kind of
yourn. They like to drink thoseroses. They're heavy drinkers. Okay,
(13:22):
you can get If I get someroses, I'll bring them in. Give
me a couple of years here togive it all. Right, we'll go
negative then no, no, no, go ahead, there you are with
the negative. Yeah, the fireblake. We talk about this every year,
and just to recap you know,it does affect our plants in the
(13:46):
rosea family. We also see iton raspberry, serviceberry, hawthorn, and
catoniasters. So I'd say I've beenstarting to get quite a bit of fire
blight comes through the office. Howabout you, an, he calls an.
Yeah, well, anytime I geta U a photo of a pair,
automatical pair, it's probably fire bite. Yeah. It's the number one
killer of pairs, and it's fairlycommon on apples and crab apples. That's
(14:13):
where you shall see it. Yeah, that's right. Yeah, it's and
also on prunas. You didn't mentionthat, but sorry I didn't. But
no, but I'm just saying,like I never I really didn't think about
that before. But I actually Isent some photos to a scientist in Utah
and he and he taught me thatthe prunas can get it too. Like
(14:33):
once I'm talking. It was palms. It was a choke cherry and I
said, this choke cherry. Wow, I didn't know like get fire blight
until this year. But it does. And but it's rare though, But
so that fireplight's all over the place. Yeah, that's a bottom line.
And you see the tips. Wellthat's what we're going to talk about.
The symptoms. Saw your flowers,They're gonna appear water soaked, they'll droop,
(14:56):
they'll shrivel, they'll turn black orbrown. Leaves thing they're gonna turn
brown or black and bend in thatdownward hook shape that we called the shepherd's
crook. You know. Big thingis is like we've talked in the past,
kind of looks like somebody went inwith like a propane torch and scorched
like a branch or two. Andthen even your bark will be discolored and
(15:18):
it can use oohs excuse me.So big thing is is like this year
people always want to know, howdoes it survive? How does it spread
this year? Lots of ways.I mean, with as much rain as
we've been getting irrigation, it canspread infected tools. So if you're pruning
and you're not cleaning those pruners inbetween cuts, Insects can go ahead and
(15:39):
spread it, and then how doesit survive. It's going to survive in
those cankers on the trunk and branchesin the spring. It's going to multiply
during that wet, warm weather thatespecially we've been having, and that bacteria
seeps out of those natural openings.So here's some pictures. This one's really
good to see that even and it'sa little bit tougher on our end,
(16:00):
but hopefully the viewers can see it. Even the fruit is affected on this
one. You can see it's sporadicin there kind of within the area.
You can even see the discoloration ofthe bark on this tree. And then
here's kind of a close up againyou can see that turning of the color,
the discoloration of the branch, andeven that it's starting to downward shape
(16:23):
on it as well. For thatone. So it's around. Yeah,
like what you said about like apropane towards scorts the tips, I heard
that before, but that's a gooddescription of what it looks like on the
tips of the branches. Yeah,so how do we manage this well?
First and foremost, try to findmore resistant varieties out there. You want
(16:48):
to prune out the infection at leasteight inches below that canker, and like
I said, let's sterize those prunersin between cuts. And then there are
some pesticides of a level that againaren't a curative, but they are going
to help prevent the spread of itthroughout the tree. So usually when I
talk to people about fireblight, youknow, I always talk to them about
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once you have it, it's aboutmanaging it, not carrying your tree or
getting rid of it, because youwill not do that. You can manage
it within your tree. Manage isone word I would say. Amputate it,
you got it, cut it out. Yeah, there is no once
you got it, you got it. Manage it from spreading so fast that
(17:37):
it's so soft. It's like,I'm you gotta cut it out. Eastwood
coming out. You got it.It's like a civil war leg you got
it. Cut it off. It'scut the gang green, that's right,
because it's in the wood. Yeah, it's in the What you can't you
(17:59):
can't spray to cure it. Likeyou said, You've got to cut it
out. So that's why I tellmy kids all the time. Cut it
out. But so question is like, what about cutting it out? You
have a you got to go eightinches blow where you see the symptoms at
least at least like two feet betterand you can take what else going on
(18:22):
over some negative now, but sometimesyou have to tell people that though sometimes
they have it very bad within thetree, that if you really love apples,
you know, is this a problemyou want to endure every year or
do you want to restart? I'vehad to let it go? Huh yeah,
like Rozen movies like that song letit Go. It's one of my
(18:45):
favorites. But so okay, listenwhen you you have to during here's a
key point to are we done withfire blake? You've you finished? Okay,
I gotta finish. I got afew important things about it. They
hear about managing it or amputating it. Okay, when's the operation? When
(19:06):
do we amputate it? That's thefirst question, because if you amputate it
now, you're gonna spread it.There's a great risk because you're making a
wound when you make the cut,and it's every bacteria needs a wound and
water to infect. Okay, Sothat's why a lot of times, especially
in the past, we just say, okay, just let it, just
calm down. It's not good,but let's wait until the dormant season.
(19:30):
Let's just chill until December, andthen we'll prune out the infected tips again,
going several inches back. And then, since it's the dormant season,
we're not likely to spread the diseaseon our pooners. Okay, so we
don't have to sterilize our pooners betweencuts. Okay. So that's the dormant
(19:52):
season approach. The other approach ispeople gonna look this up. It's called
the ugly stub approach. And that'swhere you don't wait to the dormant season.
You go, okay, i'm gonnatake you out. You've got a
bad disease. I'm going to operatetoday on you. And so you cut
it out like you did before againlike I think, like at least eight
(20:15):
into like you say eight, butmore be aggressive. Twenty four inches back.
It is even better take out thewhole branch, but leave a stub.
You leave a stub of like it'sgot to be two or three year
old wood, it's got to befour inches. And what happens is if
you didn't get all the bacteria,it will coagulate in that stub. And
(20:37):
then you take out the stub inthe winter time, like you can like
spray paint the stub with some fluorescentpaint or something so you can see it
in the winter, so you knowwhere that's get the stub up. But
again, anytime you stare, anytimeyou're prone during the growing season, you
gotta sterilize, like light's all disinfected, or rubbing alcohol or a ten percent
(20:57):
pleat solution between each cut. Otherwiseyou're just you're just burning the disease.
So it's kind of like you say, it's a it's a tricky one.
There's no it's a hard one.But I kind of like that ugly stuck
because I if I, you know, if I had cancer or something,
I went I went to the doctor, wait till Christmas to operate. I
would say, let's take that.Let's go right, you got what are
(21:19):
you doing for lunch? I said, it's how you skip launch and take
out my cancer as soon as youcan. So I'm kind of more of
that towards. But you got toleave a stub and sterilize between cuts.
There that's a hard one. Yea, it is, so to make sure
you call your county extension agent andwe'll give you all the details and how
to handle it if you have morequestions. For good, all right,
(21:40):
let's talk about that strapped of miceand forgets strapped of mice and for homeowners,
that's you know, that's a preventative. The only orchard is used after
a hailstorm. This hail is howmost hal and also it's kind of interesting
pale when the bactery enters the flowers. Most likely that's where the openings are.
Bacteria has to find an opening.They can't create, they can't dig
(22:06):
in, they have to just flowin. So flowering is the TI.
If you get a galstorm and flowerand your trees are flowering, Yeah,
that's when orchards. Okay, wemight use some strep to mice and but
for homeowners that's like way too complicated. I think that's my opinion. As
an orchardist, as a family orchardday, you would know, you would
(22:26):
know a little bit. Yeah,what are sick and discussion talk about bugs.
We talk about ye I'm gonna hitdisease bugs, weeds today, great
honey locusts, plants, bugs.So this is kind of an interesting one,
at least I find it interesting.And what I find interesting is that
(22:49):
these symptoms resemble herbicide injury. Sothose leaves are going to be small,
they become twisted, dwarf like,and then if you look at the under
side of the leaves again, youhave to be like inspector gadget to want
to notice these things. I feellike small shiny, varnish droppings on the
(23:10):
underside of the leaves. So thisnext one's just going to show you the
plant and like a nymph, theplant, excuse me, the blug in
a nymph in adult stage. Andthen again you're seeing that new the new
growth on this honey locus looking likelike there was herbicide injury. Yeah,
it's like a cupped up yep,cupped and stuff. The thing that's really
(23:33):
distinct, especially in this one.I took this one actually at somebody's place
that I knew they had a honeylocus right off their deck and I was
looking took this. But you cansee again, if you know what you're
looking for, they don't. Theydon't use any type of herbicide, so
you know that it's not am Isure yeah, I'm I'm very sure,
(23:56):
very positive on there's uh elf alfaweeds growing right below. They're all things.
So again this is people who liveout of town, you know,
like me, spread in farmland.This one gem stuff everybody sprays their crops
with canba yeah one, okay,not this one, so good example,
(24:22):
just to show you again and alsosee the bugs. I did not find
the bugs on this brounch. Theydo look like they're pretty small, and
then they get that green color inthem, so that's great, and they
kind of hop around a lot.The one I like this because like this,
like you what I think really theinteresting thing you said there is it's
off their deck and that's that's sohoney. Locust has historically in the Midwest
(24:47):
been one of the most popular treesnear a deck because it provides a light
dappled shade, not a deep shade, but a light dappled shade. So
he's still gets a little bless sunlightgetting you on the deck, but he
still get a comfortable shade. Andwhat everybody happens is like, what the
heck's going on with my deck?It's getting all sticky, It's all sticky
(25:12):
on the wood. Yeah, orlike or what's on my car or the
sidewalk. It's all sticky right here. And it happens to be underneath a
honey locust tree. And that's that. That's that honey. Do we call
it that kind of poop that theygive off or you know, the excrement
that they give off, that excessfrom they're from their feeding on the sap.
(25:34):
Yeah, it's that excess sap pornout of their bodies. And this
is a younger tree here. Thisone's not like I mean, this one's
not providing ample shade at this point, but it's i'd say it's probably about
fifteen feet tall or something. Yeah, So what are we gonna do about
this? Guy? What are wegoing to do about it? You just
cut down the tree, I guess. No, no, no, no,
(25:56):
just relax this This damage is mostlycosmetic. It's not impact in the
health of the trees because the leadsare still green. Leaves are still green,
functional, still functional. Again,this is something if you've had past
problems you may consider a past aside. So again, you and I probably
weren't going to do anything, atleast I'm not really. You're easy going.
(26:19):
You're gonna relax in the deck.You got all that sticky on you.
That's sticky. So it was alight in because it wasn't a tall
tree. How about a this iswhere I get out my Are we back
to that? Okay, you aregoing to take the but I'll be a
I'm not going to go full gunshere. I'm not going to try to
(26:41):
blow up the world. I'm gonnalike I saw it open, blow up
the world. I'm not gonna beHarry Truman about this. But how about
a blast of water? Just knockthose suckers down? Just get off my
tree, just like old people likeme say, get off my lawn,
(27:02):
So get off my tray, geton my gardinals. Blasphem, because that's
just like a huge tsunami on theselittle bugs. Maybe the rain did that
this weekend. Rains don't have thegarden hose nearby. Pray for rain.
That can help too. Just ablast of water can And like you said,
that was a light infestation. SoI'm with you. You know,
(27:26):
don't want to you don't need ayou don't need to get out there.
Look the other way. Well,at least with that small tree, you
know you can spray, you knowat those leaves are more sensitive than a
big tree. They're more sensitive,but also they're easier to spray a big
tree. So and you had asof faith. That's a systemic so that's
(27:48):
systemic action that helps. It's prettytoxic, I think, just a But
they do say, like, Imean, would you agree with that too,
that the timing is kind of criticalbecause you would have to hit it
around bud break. Yeah, sexticidalsoap is effective against like that nymph stage,
but again you have to be yougot coverage, gadget to be see,
(28:10):
well what the thing is? Thething is nobody north? Is it
damage? Until you see the stickinessthat's that's then go what the thing?
You look up, Oh god,what's what's that about? And then they
so uh and in sextile soap,that's kind of tricky because you got to
(28:30):
hit the bug itself to dry outthe bug. So that you can't use
insecticidle soap on a tree of anysize. There's no way you're gonna get
good enough coverage. And also,I mean, you got to hit it
and it's northsidual, so I'm justnot gonna get given a tsunami approach.
(28:52):
That's what I would do. That'swhat we did in Wisconsin right when we
had honey locus. That's a verypopular tree on decks. Honeycus is not
that hardy. It's marginal hearted here, so it's not that common. That's
why we don't see that bug thatoften. But there is a Northern Acclaim
honey locust tree. That's it buildthe garden centers and that's from nd s
(29:12):
U. That's one of our greatesttrees that Dale Herman and our our program
has developed historically. So that's whatif you like a honeywoke is a beautiful
tree, Northern Acclaim is the oneto get. Yeah, and then you
fight the bugs when they come,or relax or just accept a little stickiness
(29:33):
in your life. Yeah, exactly. But what's going on. Let's talk
about controlling weeds in the garden.Weeds Man might talk about my gardens.
This is not my garden. Idon't know what it's. That's my whole
yard. Yeah, looks like scarsand it looks beautiful. Any of this
(29:56):
that's out dandalized prickly lettuce, Yeah, and not so much. But about
person lane, that's a problem oncompacted soils especially, got a deep tab
root. This is my art.This isn't my ard, but this is
it's grass growing everywhere in my guard, in your garden. Oh man,
(30:21):
are you doing that on purpose?No, I'm not, I'm not.
It has been a struggle this year. You know what. We don't talk
probably that often about our own failures. Yeah, my guard. Yeah,
mind's of failure. That's too muchgrass. You know what my failures are.
You know what I did this weekend? I went and I tarted my
(30:42):
whole garden. Said, we're notyou tarped it. Yeah, you're just
gonna like black, you put blacktart on it, and you're just gonna
say everything does landscape fabric, that'sdone, I said, And you're just
gonna you're gonna just try to soulthe just kind of like suffocated, no
(31:03):
starlight and just grass. Yeah,well sometimes you got to do that.
I'm doing that because you know whatI went over. My sister's got a
yeah. Yeah, not for you. No, we're going to talk about
that, but no, I help. My sister plans a big one and
(31:25):
I haven't went to look. I'msure she's battling weeds too, but I
figure, you know what, Iput some labor into this garden. I
can have some of the harvest ofit. My ten by ten can be
put to bed this year. That'sright, all right? So what do
we need to do? This iswhere I lacked. You need to attack
those weeds as soon as they appear. Don't let them go to seed or
(31:48):
flower. Not that they were seedingor flowering. It's just the grass got
out of hand really fast this year. So let's use a good garden hall
get rid of them. Or ifyou're just me, you're out there pulling
and you want to get all thoseroots, which is pretty much impossible.
Yeah. Also, you can maulch. I tried that this year. He's
still poked up from my heavy maulchingattempts on that. So I said,
(32:14):
enough with it. I'm not dealingwith it anymore. It's an eyesore in
the yard. I'm gonna solarize itout and focus on the flower beds.
But you brought up herbicides, soyou know, I get the question around
like corn gluen meal and stuff.I don't know. Studies out there say
that it can be effective, butit may or may not be effective with
(32:37):
like that germination of weed seeds,and that it also can inhibit other seeds.
What would your opinion be on that, Well, that's your organic eye,
right, that's in it have it'snot like you say, it's not.
It can be effective, it's notone hundred percent effective. It has
(32:58):
to build up over time. I'dsee. The only benefit of corn gluten
male is it's not toxic, right, and and also gotta be pre emergency.
You know, once the seeds up, it's the seedlings up, it's
not going to do much for you, right, So that's an that's an
option if you're organic, but maybejust invest in a garden hole or like
(33:20):
you said, get out the glyphasate, right. Well, that's that's that's
pretty uh severe, but not sosevere because it has a very short life
in the environment. And uh,I mean there's a lot of there's a
contract, there's different reports and longterm health effects. But it's a guypha
(33:42):
sade is I can if used properlyand follow a label, which is important,
it can be a great tool andit's a vegetation killer. It will
kill almost every vegetation. But thenit has a very short life. So
like you could sprague life fosc eighttoday and then come back in two weeks
and you could till the land andgrow your fall radishes or something and be
(34:06):
perfectly safe. You'd be safe.So yeah, a sharp hole, don't
forget that, it's important. Yeah, Or a nice small tiller if you
got one to go in between.Yeah, I don't know if your husband
bullies in that kind of destroying allthose poor microbe spie. Yeah, right,
Yeah, a good roller tiller.I can do a great job.
(34:28):
And I hear a microbe. Butthat's right. Sometimes you just take the
loss. That's what I did.I got no W this year. It's
like a big l. But that'sokay, you know I do. I
told you earlier this year that Iwas going to try the flowering kale and
cabbage, right, remember that,right? So I have my seeds.
(34:49):
I started them good, they gotprobably their second set of leaves. They're
still in the house. So Ijust gonna keep those little baby growing.
Yeah, and then I'm gonna putthem outdoor. I'm gonna put them outdoor
in a container in one of myraids. Yeah, okay, so that
(35:09):
could be very exciting. I wantto see very colorful in the fall and
edible. It's edible if you're Idon't think I'm gonna eat it. It's
just I want it for the looks. So okay, that's what I got
there. Okay, here we go. What am I going to talk about?
What are you going to talk abouttoday? Well, we're going to
(35:31):
talk about April showers in July?Oh it is? How come nobody told
me that I should have known thatfourth in July. Sleep with the fireworks,
that trust me. But April showersthat's my theme today because what April
showers bring flowers? That's right,April showers. We got a lot of
(35:55):
April showers this year. We hadnearly twice as much rain as usual for
April this year, and the rankkept going strong and consistently through May.
So there's been a lot of moisture. And now the impact there's been impact
earlier, but now there's some sadimpact happening now. So there was some
good stuff in the beginning. Therobins had a good time, you know,
(36:16):
splashing around and like you say,April showers bring many flowers, had
nice beautiful tulips, and the crabapples were vibrant this year. Lawns were
spectacular. They still are just theyjust love that moisture However, that was
a good part of april showers.The bad part is we're seeing diseases on
(36:37):
our tree leaves. And like whena tree leaf comes out, it doesn't
have much waxy coating, waxy protectionon it, and so it's very sensitive
to moist conditions and disease fungus.And so this is a picture of apple
(37:00):
or crab, apple scab, andthis is this is a hot problem right
now. It was the defection infectionwas earlier and people didn't notice it.
But now the disease is spreading andthe leaves are dropping, and like when
you see ten twenty percent of thecanopy falling, that's when you call your
extension person, go, oh mygod, is my tree dying? What
(37:21):
are we gonna do? Are wegonna cut it down? You know,
I had that story once. Ihad a homeowner like this had a problem.
To see these scab It's like aI'll live to kind of grayish almost
splotches on the leaves, and theleaves were coming down, and they thought
for sure the tree was the goner. But the wise woman, the wife
(37:45):
of the family, called her localextension agent before the before the guy cut
it down, and she described methe sentence, and I said, don't
worry about it. That's just scabdisease. Look at the tree. There's
still lots of green tissue. Theleaves are still functional. You know that
tree could drop every leaf today andit would come back next year because it's
(38:08):
got food and reserve. It's onlywhen we have problems like defoliation now,
defoliation next year, defoliation next spring, that's when the tree gets weak and
you start worrying about it. Sowhat did that lady do when I told
her that? She went and bakeda pie. No, it's didn't bake
a pie. She dropped the phoneand she ran out to the backyard.
(38:31):
Her husband was ruving up the chainsawcutting down the tree, and so she
dropped the phone and she just ranand then she called me. You back
five minutes later, said sorry thatshe feel apologies for being rude, but
she said her husband was cutting downthe tree, but now it's saved.
So that was a true story withscab. Is that the tailtale tree?
(38:54):
Two of those lesions occurring along theveins. Yeah, you know what the
really thing is is you notice thatit cannot form on the fruits too.
By the way on the surface ofthe fruits. But what you notice is
the leaves dropping. That's when peoplestart freaking out. But it's not it's
(39:14):
rarely severe. You want to raketo get this fungus out of the area.
Almost all the time, the funguscomes from the previous year's leaf and
fruit litter, so rake up andthen also prune the trees in winter because
a fungus likes humidity, So whatwe're gonna do is prune the trees so
(39:34):
there's more air movement and sunlight,less humidity, and once you got it,
there's nothing we can do about it. So kind of like that fireby
a little bit that we don't havecurative chemicals, but in this case we
can use preventative chemicals. But usuallywe'd only use these if there's a very
young tree in early spring when theleaves are just popping up, we got
(39:54):
to protect the leaves. Or ifit was a tree that had severe to
folio for a couple of years ina row, then we're gonna protect it,
okay, Like captains are common funto say. I think the big
question is always whenever you have treeissues, apple tree issues, can you
consume the fruit well? Because ithas scab disease, scab fire blight.
(40:20):
H well, fire blight. Yougot scorched tips, not so much the
scorched fruits, and the scab onlyaffects the surface of the fruits. And
so I mean, how hungry areyou really if you're really starving? Like
if this is like a like likeI saw it Oppenheim or movie, Like
(40:42):
if we were at scorched earth andthere's no food except for my apple tree,
Okay, I would pick. Iwould peel off the scab and eat
the fruits. But but or youcan make apple sauce, you know,
there you go. But yeah,and but rake the fruits up when they
fall. And see how we thinthis tree to make good air movement and
sun like that. So scab isn'tgonna affect this tree on the right because
(41:06):
it's got nice and open. Sohow do you pune a tree? Just
one second here? Just it's notbrain surgery. People say, oh my
god, what if I prune thewrong branch, my tree is gonna die?
Oh my lord, what do Ido? Just if you can do
nothing else to take out these verticalshoots, we call them water sprouts,
just it's mindless. You don't haveto think. Vertical has no fruits,
(41:30):
has no flowers. Vertical wood isworthless, just clutters up the tree.
So just cut out those water sproutsin March, okay, And then if
you do, spray as soon asthe leaves are popping open because they don't
have any waxy protection. And thebest time of spray is a day or
two before the rain comes because thenthe the fund aside can act as a
(41:54):
shield of protection against the infection.Okay, now now that's the scad.
Now here's a hot one right nowon oak trees an threatening. You talked
about ash anthracnols about three weeks agoand that was the hot one. Then
now the oaks are getting anthreatners adifferent species, but still entracknoles. And
(42:14):
you see the brown spots and butagain, just like with your ash anthracnols,
this is not a killer. Justlike with scab too, it's not
a killer. There's still green functionaltissue on the leaves, very similar to
scab. There's nothing we can doabout it. It's the leaves are gonna
draw prematurely. Oak trees do sendoff flushes, new flushes throughout the year,
(42:35):
though, so likely there'll be anotherflush coming out, but don't get
up tight about it. If youcan rake up the leaves underneath it.
And if it's a young tree,we could consider spraying the following early spring.
Again, but if it's a bigtree, you can't get good spray
coverage on a big tree. Andagain it's got to have a severe deffoliation
(42:58):
for like three years in a rowto have any words, and that just
doesn't happen. It's so dry hereout in the western North Dakota, so
anthragonos. One way that I alwaystell the difference is when you look at
the tree, you step back andlook at the whole tree. If the
top of the tree is the healthiest, that's great. That means it's it's
not like a bore or vascular.It's just got some some sleeve spotting anthragnoes
(43:22):
because the top of the tree getslots of sun and air, so the
fungus can't survive. But you seethe fungus on the bottom branches and inside
the canopy, So don't worry aboutanthragnoes. But it's on burrokes big time
right now. I've been getting someof those. Yeah, here's what you're
gonna get next, and that's earlyblight. So the tomato spotting is beginning
(43:44):
right now. Early blight. It'sthe first common one. And you can
see on if you look at thatbrown lesion carefully where that guy's fingers,
you can see like a target,a concentric ring. So early blight is
just starting right now. So youcan use preventative fund of sides, vegetable
fund of sides like let's say,uh, corithalan l or copper. But
(44:08):
but probably here's some more symptoms,kind of bigger lesions, but just don't
do overhead irrigation. That's how itspreads. And in the future, like
for tomatoes, the last ten years, they've made remarkable progress finding disease resistant
varieties. So look for a modernF one hybrid and there's early light resistance.
(44:31):
Just in the last ten years.Every year new varieties come out,
look for that. I just hadsomebody actually this morning text in with septoria
leaf spotatoes. Okay, that's that'sall. That's very common. That's usually
comes a little bit later, likea week or two later, that has
tiny burgundy spots just like little pinpricks. Unfortunately, she told me she overheads
(44:53):
waters and I said, well,you're just spreading that. So so we
got to stop that because that's whatthe that's what the fungus wants and worth
that humidity. So target your waterat the base of the plant and water
in the morning, so if youget any leaves wet, it has the
whole day to dry off. Soyep, that's that's what happens. There's
(45:16):
no resistance friday Sis septoria at thistime. Sorry about that. Okay,
we're else going to be I'm inTuxa. Like you talked about some insect
past. There's two insect paths thatare the most common. Two paths for
apples are active right now. Igot some pictures of the worms just entering
nearby apples or just crawling near theapple fruits. Coddling moth and apple maggot.
(45:39):
They're active right now on our apples. If I had a spray like
let's say two times the year,one to be right after the petals fall
and the next one be like thefirst week or two of July to have
the maximum impact, So be awareof that. Caught out a potato beetle
active right now, and you seethe all with the stripes and a big
(46:01):
fat body and the orange eggs arethere on the under side of the lease.
But now this is the time whenthey do their damage. This is
their larva. The teenagers. They'renot a beetle yet. They're just hungry
teenagers and they they cause most ofthe damage to your potato plants. So
look for those kind of gelatinous,kind of slimy teenage bugs. And so
(46:27):
look for them. They're very hungry. And there's two ways to go at
it. If you want organic,Spino said is a great tool for an
organic approach, and there's Monterey andalso Captain Jack's Dead bug. These are
common at garden centers. And thenif you want to go with the chemical
(46:49):
approach, they're also very effective.Don't use the old fashioned seven which is
carbriol. Use the garden Tech seven, which is zeta side permethron. So
that's a new formulation that's effective againstthese bugs. Or Bonite has their eight,
which is permethron. So these arepyreethroids that are very effective. So
(47:10):
look scout and for me, theylove eggplant as well. They'll go after
peppers and tomatoes if they ruin onpotatoes in your garden, So look for
them right now. So again that'sa summary there. You can look for
the orange eggs in the underside,look for those larvae. You can justify
sprye if you got twenty five percentof foliation and go after them with either
(47:34):
spini set organically or pyreethroids. Okay, last thing I want to talk about
today is blossom and rod. Thisis where right on the cusp of this
becoming the major problem. And youcan go out your garden right now,
your tomatoes and it's usually the firstflush that gets impacted by blossom and rot.
So look at those young fruits,look at the bottom of them,
(47:55):
at the god that collapsed dark browntissue. Then just pick off those fruits.
That was a lost cause. Likeyour gardeners, you're just a lost
cause. But there's hope because thenext flush may not be impacted. Okay,
it can be on the later inthe development of the tomatoes. Blossom
(48:15):
enra can impact peppers, it canimpact squash, and it can impact watermelons
too. It's always on the likethe end of the fruit there, the
bottom of the fruit there, andthis is caused by It's not a disease,
it's a calcium deficiency and causes thecells to collapse. It's just like
(48:36):
old people like me who don't haveenough calcium, I can just collapse and
that's what happens. We need calciumin our plants so that they don't collapse.
So it's calcium deficiency in the fruits, not necessarily in the soil.
Usually the calcium's in the soil,but it's not getting to the fruits.
Got to get to the fruits,so we're not gonna focus on adding calcium
(49:01):
in the soil. We got toget the calcium to the fruits. And
how we do that by having moisturein the soil so that the calcium flows
in the soil solution and the rootscan absorb it and pump it up the
plant. So irrigate on a regularbasis and mult can help keep moisture in
the soil. Okay, focus onthat. You want to cultivate shallowly,
(49:22):
don't damage the roots. The rootsare important. They got to absorb the
calcium for us. And the lastthing that's kind of weird. It's like
avoid lush plants because it's a battleand that tomato plant. The leaves want
the calcium, the fruits want thecalcium. They do not cooperate. They
(49:44):
fight. So the more lush plantsyou got, the more leaves you got,
the less calcium your fruits are gonnaget. So don't go nuts on
the fertilizer. And actually I don'tside dress my tomatoes until after they set
fruit. Okay, if you dofertilize, use calcium nitrate if possible,
(50:05):
not ammonium nitrate, which is muchmore common. And if you got these
these long indeterminate vines, you knowyou should be pruning off the sucker.
So be careful about fertilization. Okay. One last thing is you can spray
the fruits directly, and there aresprays available. You can mix up your
own calcium nitrate four tablespoons per gallonof water. You can just say forget,
(50:30):
forget about you leaves. You getnone of this. I'm going to
give you to my precious little babyfruit. So you got to hit the
fruits when they're young, just aboutthe size of a dime, and you
spray them and they'll give them adirect shot of calcium and help to prevent
the blossom n rod. So expectto be see that a big prom Now
that's what no need for the eggshells or the apsid salts. Okay,
(50:53):
okay, egg shells have calcium.That's a good thing, but you gotta
pulverize with such a fine degree andstill they'd probably only be available the next
year and chance to start. You'relooking at the wrong thing. The calcium
is already there. I mean,the eggshell doesn't hurt, but it's like,
(51:13):
you know, that's the person's alreadythe soil has already got enough calcium.
And that absence salts is ridiculous becausethat some salts has magnesium, it
doesn't have calcium, and magnesium andcalcium fight for spots on the route.
So the more magnesium, the lessroom for the calcium ions to get to
(51:35):
the roots. It's kind of likereminds me of like a parking lot is
the root. There's only so manyparking lot spots. Those celcium and magnesium
are fighting for parking lot spots.The more magnesium you have, the more
they're gonna get the parking lot spots, so they're less room for the calcium.
So don't use Ebsen salt. That'sa that's nonsense. Give it.
(51:58):
But also one thing is and alsoboth pear and palm shade types like roma.
They get it all the time.I just accept it. Pick off
young fruits. After a while,the roots get established, the parking lot
gets bigger. Now calcium can finda way to the plant. So and
also the least have less of advantageover the fruits. So to use that
(52:20):
first flush we always worry about.After that, you're probably gonna be okay,
sounds good. That's what I gotthis week. Cus that was a
lot, a lot we covered.Hey, well there's a lot of problems
out there. That's where they needus. There is until next time.
Until next time, well, we'lljust thank our viewers for joining us like
we do every time, and ofcourse we always welcome you back to future
(52:43):
episodes of Dakota Growing. Dakoda Growingis a gardening show brought to you by
Dakota Media Access and ENDSU Extension.We discuss a variety of timely topics pertaining
to your landscape, along with givingyou tips and advice for your lawn,
garden and trees. If you havequestions, call seven oh one two two
(53:04):
one six eight sixty five or emailNDSU dot Burley dot Extension at NDYSU dot
com. Dakota Growing airs on RadioAccess one O two point five FM,
Community Access Channel twelve or six twelveHD, or online at free tv dot org
Welcome to Dakota Growing. I'm KelseyDecker, your horticulture agent here in Burley
County, joined in the radio accessstudio by my co host Tom called the
NDASU Extension Horticulturalist. How's it going. Oh it's okay, I guess week
after the fourth Okay, yeah,it's okay. It's one day. Everybody's
well arrested. D Well, there'sbeautiful dra have a great show today,
(00:49):
great great show. Talk about allthe misery happening in our gardens right now,
because that's, you know, that'swhat we're all about with extension people.
You know, nobody ever invites me. I mean, see, Tom,
you got to come look at mylawn. It's so beautiful. I'll
go, Tom, what the heck'swrong? Like train, you gotta come
out here and save it. SoI just feel like I'm a like an
(01:11):
ambulance guy, kind of always runningaround trying to That's what I said this
morning. Phone was ringing. Isaid, it's almost like a vet office
around here. Got my vet textsthat are asking the initial questions. Right,
Well, money's always the worst.They had the whole weekend to notice
a problem in their yard. Well, I was hoping most people would have
(01:34):
been at the lake, you know, and doing all the Fourth of July
festivities like give the yard a breaktype thing. Well, there's not that
many lakes in North Dkota, butthere's a lot that people occupy the ones
that there are. I've never reallybeen to the lake so much in North
Dkota, but uh yeah, butmoneys generally are the worst, because that's
(01:57):
just my experience, especial Monday mornings, because people want to they they felt
like their leaves are dropping on theirtree and they just their concern. Lots
of rain again, yeah, itkeeps coming, but now it's sorry is
turned off now. Sorry, We'regonna talk about that later. Uh talk
about right now. It's like,uh, you know what it's it's been
(02:22):
really uh moist and a little bituh moderate in temperature. Yeah, a
little cool, but now it lookslike it's gonna get really warm now.
And I saw no rain in thenext ten days for Bismarck, mean Dan,
so it looks like the heat ofthe summer's coming now. Yeah.
(02:43):
I was telling Quinn, our producerbefore we started that on the fourth we
had like a monsoon at our place. It was like two inches under an
hour in the morning. No,it was afternoon. Oh yeah, it
was afternoon. We actually were gonnago for a little horseback ride. Literally
drove the horses to where we're gonnaride. I didn't even get up on
(03:05):
my horse, just downpourt and thena downpourt for about an hour straight,
and our corrals like flooded. I've, like man, never seen this much
happen out at our place where thewater was just running. We were in
the spot. I think that wasa good Lord just saying, you know,
it's a holiday for your horse.You've got to stay off that horse,
let it rest. But what doyou run? What do you sit
(03:28):
on top of a poor old horsefor? So sometimes I think the Lord
does does manipulate the weather for certainreasons, and maybe that was the case
this time. That's just my thought. I could be wrong about that.
Yeah, but you know about that, I was saying about that moisture tube
because like it's been so the lawnsreally growing strong the spring. Yes,
(03:50):
and usually like we always say,okay, you got to fertilize the lawn
in labor on Labor Day around andthen Memorial Day, right, but then
like fourth of July is like anoptional one. But I was thinking,
like, you know, this yearthat it could be a good year because
we've got so much rain so thatfertilizer kind of leaches out a little bit
and there's been a lot of growth. So if someone usually I'm a little
(04:14):
maintenance guy, and I wouldn't.I just would not do it. But
other people are a higher maintenance.If you did, if you did like
a organic fertilizer, that wouldn't burnthe turf, you know, but but
not so it could be done ifyou really care a lot for your lawn.
But now again, here we go, it's gonna change. Now,
yeah, the weather, it's gonnachange. So maybe like in ten days,
your LUN's gonna kind of be uhdragging along there so because it doesn't
(04:40):
like the heat. So we'll justhave to see what happens. A lot
of things, it's always dynamic.Every year is a little bit different,
very much. So what are yougonna highlight it today? Oh? I'm
gonna start off on a positive.No one, Well, you talk about
nobody wanting to show off the yardsor anything, and you know, you
got you got something the show offI got you know what? Shout out
(05:00):
to my grandma. Okay, yeah, she A couple of weeks ago,
my grandpa got an honorary award outin Glennallen and we were leaving and my
grandma called and she goes, youjust got to pull in really quick.
I just got to show you something. So I was thinking, okay,
what trees not looking good? Really, and then she showed me her front
(05:21):
yard here and just she said shedid nothing looks wonderful. And these pictures
don't even I mean, this picturedoesn't even do it justice. I took
some close ups of it, butshe told me, I know rule number
one, but she's gonna collect someseed for me and I'm gonna give it
a whirl at my place. Sookay, so you said I was a
(05:42):
Lark's brother, Yeah, yep.And then like white daisy looking Cosmos not
Cosmos, not Cosmos, no closeup there. Yeah, but Cosmos look
a lot like daisies, and theyget that tall and they're really easy to
grow. And you can say seefrom Cosmos if you want. Yeah.
Yeah. And then she got thathanging basket that's in the picture too,
(06:05):
but yeah, it just it looksvery nice, very very nice. And
then I had another gardener. Yousee that bouquet in the middle, He
brought that into her office. Growsroses. Didn't you tell him you're married.
He's just showing off his roses.Great, his roses are And he
(06:28):
said that, and he did showme the picture. I didn't include it,
but he showed me a picture.It's right in his front yard.
And he said, for several yearshe had a gentleman who would come by
and take photographs. But he's justgot abundance of color down there. And
again the photos don't do it justice. But big roses, these deep you
know, purple just I don't know. They were just gorgeous, very good
(06:55):
too. Yeah, no disease there, that's kind of disease. That's kind
And I like that bike collor yougot that mm hmm. Almost looks like
a double delight. He had anotherone in the bouquet. It's behind the
big purple one. That's kind oflike a light pink kind of double color
as well. But I don't Idon't know exactly the varieties. I was
(07:17):
very intrigued by the deep purple onthem. Yeah, you don't see that
very often with roses. No,a dark deep purple. Yeah, so
that's and like those look like hybridtees from that quality of the bloom.
They're pretty big and showy and they'rejust off. Instead of being so negative
(07:42):
all the time, we got tostart off on a positive that yeah,
yeah, well that's not easy togo on hybrid teaes like that. In
North Dakota. Hear the winter protection. It's pretty important. Malt right.
Oh yeah, you gotta, yougotta protect them, you gotta and you
go. I think one of thebiggest keys is you got to plant them
deep to begin with. You gottahave that crown protected at least four inches
(08:07):
in the ground. Just bury thatsucker or not a soccer stream, just
bury that plant, and and thenyou got to give it winter protection.
For hybrid teath it is. Youknow, there's there's other hardy roses out
there, like shrub roses. It'slike for roses, I like to get
ones that are on their own roots, so that way, if they do
(08:28):
die back, they'll spring up withthe same type of quality as the top
the scion was. So I'll lookfor own root roses, not necessarily grafted
roses. Grafted roses like most hybridteas are grafted and if they die back
to the crown, you're just gonnaget the they're done well, they're just
(08:50):
gonna have a wild rose roots dockcome up after that. But that that
inspired me to want to try roses. But I talk about my pa and
there's no tree protection. So I'mlike, no tree Am I am?
I? You know, like ourwinters, that's a lot of exposure.
So am I setting myself up forfailure disappointments trying to grow like these nice
(09:13):
high bred teas that I would want. I would want that purple one.
I just I love that purple one. So I have to see. I
think the best thing about a hybridtea. The one thing special about it
is the fragrance. Are very fragrant. See that's what you don't get with
the shrub rolls. Shrub roses likefor you, it sounds like you lack
(09:35):
confidence in your situations. Maybe ashrub ros would be like, you gotta
learn your ABC's before you do.They got calculus. Shrub rolls are dark
purple. I'm not aware of any, but there may be like one.
I'm gonna have to go research.Just it's very rare for shrub rolls.
(09:58):
Almost there's a lot of pink amongshrub roses. And but but but actually
there's they come in all kinds ofcolors. Now there's I mean it's it's
really been exploding the last twenty yearsas far as the colors. And but
a deep dark purple, I'm notaware of any. But but the sharp
broats, they lack fragrance. They'reeasy to grow, but they just don't.
(10:22):
They don't they if people say theyit's if you smell it, and
you smell something, it's really imaginary. You just imagine you smelled it.
There's there's almost no fragrance in almostall of them. That's the only disappointment.
Hybrid teas are great for fragrance,but they're just so tricky. So
how about I try it in araised bed? Does that help my odds?
(10:43):
No? No? Sorry, wellit improved drainage. But the problem
is anytime you raise the plant up, you could be exposing the roots to
uh yeah, two more cold towns. Because the roots are the most sensitive
part of the plant to temperatures.So if you do a raised bed,
you have to have the mult therows. But you know what, there's
(11:05):
there's only one way to find out. And then to try it. That's
right, go for it. IfI had like a permanent structure on my
place that I knew, like,hey, down the road, I'm not
gonna you know, build a newhouse. But that's kind of the goal.
So it's like how much land yougot there? A lot? Yeah,
we got like we can't find likea little plot of land that you
(11:30):
know you're not gonna build a houseon. Well, I just I want
to increase my chances of protection.So I feel like if I would have,
you know, if i'd plant it, and then I would be able
to eliminate some of that northwest wind, that would increase my well hybrid t
you're burying it, just burying itevery fall. Yeah. You what you
(11:50):
do is you okay, you're gonnawell, you'll cut it. You'll you
won't cut it back, you won'tcut it back. But what you'll do
is you're gonna you're gonna have aboutyou'll have your canes. And then what
you gotta do is you'll like heapamount of soil over it, like about
say eight ten twelve inches of soilor compost, and then you're gonna put
(12:13):
leaves over it or straw on itand you got lots of straw, so
that's I bet it could go fromthose horses and stuff. So I'm sure
you can put straw and like whatthey do, Like I remember when I
was in Wisconsin, I was atthe Milwaukee Rose Garden Botanical Garden and these
like like you have a bed ofroses and it's all you know, got
woodship multing, all shredded bark multing. And then what they do is they
(12:39):
they put like chicken wire around itthe whole bed and just fill it and
they just yeah, your top littlesoil on top of the crown of each
and then you fill it with likeshredded leaves or straw is even better because
it it won't matt down. Butyeah, since you got straw, that'd
be great. Yeah, but yougot to well first you got a beer.
(13:00):
Read that plant deep. You gottaget that crown deep. Otherwise you're
gonna have prompts. That's the wholekey you can do it. Sunny spot
best is the east facing location whereit gets the morning sun. Sunny spot,
and you gotta have access to moisture. It's got to have kind of
yourn. They like to drink thoseroses. They're heavy drinkers. Okay,
(13:22):
you can get If I get someroses, I'll bring them in. Give
me a couple of years here togive it all. Right, we'll go
negative then no, no, no, go ahead, there you are with
the negative. Yeah, the fireblake. We talk about this every year,
and just to recap you know,it does affect our plants in the
(13:46):
rosea family. We also see iton raspberry, serviceberry, hawthorn, and
catoniasters. So I'd say I've beenstarting to get quite a bit of fire
blight comes through the office. Howabout you, an, he calls an.
Yeah, well, anytime I geta U a photo of a pair,
automatical pair, it's probably fire bite. Yeah. It's the number one
killer of pairs, and it's fairlycommon on apples and crab apples. That's
(14:13):
where you shall see it. Yeah, that's right. Yeah, it's and
also on prunas. You didn't mentionthat, but sorry I didn't. But
no, but I'm just saying,like I never I really didn't think about
that before. But I actually Isent some photos to a scientist in Utah
and he and he taught me thatthe prunas can get it too. Like
(14:33):
once I'm talking. It was palms. It was a choke cherry and I
said, this choke cherry. Wow, I didn't know like get fire blight
until this year. But it does. And but it's rare though, But
so that fireplight's all over the place. Yeah, that's a bottom line.
And you see the tips. Wellthat's what we're going to talk about.
The symptoms. Saw your flowers,They're gonna appear water soaked, they'll droop,
(14:56):
they'll shrivel, they'll turn black orbrown. Leaves thing they're gonna turn
brown or black and bend in thatdownward hook shape that we called the shepherd's
crook. You know. Big thingis is like we've talked in the past,
kind of looks like somebody went inwith like a propane torch and scorched
like a branch or two. Andthen even your bark will be discolored and
(15:18):
it can use oohs excuse me.So big thing is is like this year
people always want to know, howdoes it survive? How does it spread
this year? Lots of ways.I mean, with as much rain as
we've been getting irrigation, it canspread infected tools. So if you're pruning
and you're not cleaning those pruners inbetween cuts, Insects can go ahead and
(15:39):
spread it, and then how doesit survive. It's going to survive in
those cankers on the trunk and branchesin the spring. It's going to multiply
during that wet, warm weather thatespecially we've been having, and that bacteria
seeps out of those natural openings.So here's some pictures. This one's really
good to see that even and it'sa little bit tougher on our end,
(16:00):
but hopefully the viewers can see it. Even the fruit is affected on this
one. You can see it's sporadicin there kind of within the area.
You can even see the discoloration ofthe bark on this tree. And then
here's kind of a close up againyou can see that turning of the color,
the discoloration of the branch, andeven that it's starting to downward shape
(16:23):
on it as well. For thatone. So it's around. Yeah,
like what you said about like apropane towards scorts the tips, I heard
that before, but that's a gooddescription of what it looks like on the
tips of the branches. Yeah,so how do we manage this well?
First and foremost, try to findmore resistant varieties out there. You want
(16:48):
to prune out the infection at leasteight inches below that canker, and like
I said, let's sterize those prunersin between cuts. And then there are
some pesticides of a level that againaren't a curative, but they are going
to help prevent the spread of itthroughout the tree. So usually when I
talk to people about fireblight, youknow, I always talk to them about
(17:11):
once you have it, it's aboutmanaging it, not carrying your tree or
getting rid of it, because youwill not do that. You can manage
it within your tree. Manage isone word I would say. Amputate it,
you got it, cut it out. Yeah, there is no once
you got it, you got it. Manage it from spreading so fast that
(17:37):
it's so soft. It's like,I'm you gotta cut it out. Eastwood
coming out. You got it.It's like a civil war leg you got
it. Cut it off. It'scut the gang green, that's right,
because it's in the wood. Yeah, it's in the What you can't you
(17:59):
can't spray to cure it. Likeyou said, You've got to cut it
out. So that's why I tellmy kids all the time. Cut it
out. But so question is like, what about cutting it out? You
have a you got to go eightinches blow where you see the symptoms at
least at least like two feet betterand you can take what else going on
(18:22):
over some negative now, but sometimesyou have to tell people that though sometimes
they have it very bad within thetree, that if you really love apples,
you know, is this a problemyou want to endure every year or
do you want to restart? I'vehad to let it go? Huh yeah,
like Rozen movies like that song letit Go. It's one of my
(18:45):
favorites. But so okay, listenwhen you you have to during here's a
key point to are we done withfire blake? You've you finished? Okay,
I gotta finish. I got afew important things about it. They
hear about managing it or amputating it. Okay, when's the operation? When
(19:06):
do we amputate it? That's thefirst question, because if you amputate it
now, you're gonna spread it.There's a great risk because you're making a
wound when you make the cut,and it's every bacteria needs a wound and
water to infect. Okay, Sothat's why a lot of times, especially
in the past, we just say, okay, just let it, just
calm down. It's not good,but let's wait until the dormant season.
(19:30):
Let's just chill until December, andthen we'll prune out the infected tips again,
going several inches back. And then, since it's the dormant season,
we're not likely to spread the diseaseon our pooners. Okay, so we
don't have to sterilize our pooners betweencuts. Okay. So that's the dormant
(19:52):
season approach. The other approach ispeople gonna look this up. It's called
the ugly stub approach. And that'swhere you don't wait to the dormant season.
You go, okay, i'm gonnatake you out. You've got a
bad disease. I'm going to operatetoday on you. And so you cut
it out like you did before againlike I think, like at least eight
(20:15):
into like you say eight, butmore be aggressive. Twenty four inches back.
It is even better take out thewhole branch, but leave a stub.
You leave a stub of like it'sgot to be two or three year
old wood, it's got to befour inches. And what happens is if
you didn't get all the bacteria,it will coagulate in that stub. And
(20:37):
then you take out the stub inthe winter time, like you can like
spray paint the stub with some fluorescentpaint or something so you can see it
in the winter, so you knowwhere that's get the stub up. But
again, anytime you stare, anytimeyou're prone during the growing season, you
gotta sterilize, like light's all disinfected, or rubbing alcohol or a ten percent
(20:57):
pleat solution between each cut. Otherwiseyou're just you're just burning the disease.
So it's kind of like you say, it's a it's a tricky one.
There's no it's a hard one.But I kind of like that ugly stuck
because I if I, you know, if I had cancer or something,
I went I went to the doctor, wait till Christmas to operate. I
would say, let's take that.Let's go right, you got what are
(21:19):
you doing for lunch? I said, it's how you skip launch and take
out my cancer as soon as youcan. So I'm kind of more of
that towards. But you got toleave a stub and sterilize between cuts.
There that's a hard one. Yea, it is, so to make sure
you call your county extension agent andwe'll give you all the details and how
to handle it if you have morequestions. For good, all right,
(21:40):
let's talk about that strapped of miceand forgets strapped of mice and for homeowners,
that's you know, that's a preventative. The only orchard is used after
a hailstorm. This hail is howmost hal and also it's kind of interesting
pale when the bactery enters the flowers. Most likely that's where the openings are.
Bacteria has to find an opening.They can't create, they can't dig
(22:06):
in, they have to just flowin. So flowering is the TI.
If you get a galstorm and flowerand your trees are flowering, Yeah,
that's when orchards. Okay, wemight use some strep to mice and but
for homeowners that's like way too complicated. I think that's my opinion. As
an orchardist, as a family orchardday, you would know, you would
(22:26):
know a little bit. Yeah,what are sick and discussion talk about bugs.
We talk about ye I'm gonna hitdisease bugs, weeds today, great
honey locusts, plants, bugs.So this is kind of an interesting one,
at least I find it interesting.And what I find interesting is that
(22:49):
these symptoms resemble herbicide injury. Sothose leaves are going to be small,
they become twisted, dwarf like,and then if you look at the under
side of the leaves again, youhave to be like inspector gadget to want
to notice these things. I feellike small shiny, varnish droppings on the
(23:10):
underside of the leaves. So thisnext one's just going to show you the
plant and like a nymph, theplant, excuse me, the blug in
a nymph in adult stage. Andthen again you're seeing that new the new
growth on this honey locus looking likelike there was herbicide injury. Yeah,
it's like a cupped up yep,cupped and stuff. The thing that's really
(23:33):
distinct, especially in this one.I took this one actually at somebody's place
that I knew they had a honeylocus right off their deck and I was
looking took this. But you cansee again, if you know what you're
looking for, they don't. Theydon't use any type of herbicide, so
you know that it's not am Isure yeah, I'm I'm very sure,
(23:56):
very positive on there's uh elf alfaweeds growing right below. They're all things.
So again this is people who liveout of town, you know,
like me, spread in farmland.This one gem stuff everybody sprays their crops
with canba yeah one, okay,not this one, so good example,
(24:22):
just to show you again and alsosee the bugs. I did not find
the bugs on this brounch. Theydo look like they're pretty small, and
then they get that green color inthem, so that's great, and they
kind of hop around a lot.The one I like this because like this,
like you what I think really theinteresting thing you said there is it's
off their deck and that's that's sohoney. Locust has historically in the Midwest
(24:47):
been one of the most popular treesnear a deck because it provides a light
dappled shade, not a deep shade, but a light dappled shade. So
he's still gets a little bless sunlightgetting you on the deck, but he
still get a comfortable shade. Andwhat everybody happens is like, what the
heck's going on with my deck?It's getting all sticky, It's all sticky
(25:12):
on the wood. Yeah, orlike or what's on my car or the
sidewalk. It's all sticky right here. And it happens to be underneath a
honey locust tree. And that's that. That's that honey. Do we call
it that kind of poop that theygive off or you know, the excrement
that they give off, that excessfrom they're from their feeding on the sap.
(25:34):
Yeah, it's that excess sap pornout of their bodies. And this
is a younger tree here. Thisone's not like I mean, this one's
not providing ample shade at this point, but it's i'd say it's probably about
fifteen feet tall or something. Yeah, So what are we gonna do about
this? Guy? What are wegoing to do about it? You just
cut down the tree, I guess. No, no, no, no,
(25:56):
just relax this This damage is mostlycosmetic. It's not impact in the
health of the trees because the leadsare still green. Leaves are still green,
functional, still functional. Again,this is something if you've had past
problems you may consider a past aside. So again, you and I probably
weren't going to do anything, atleast I'm not really. You're easy going.
(26:19):
You're gonna relax in the deck.You got all that sticky on you.
That's sticky. So it was alight in because it wasn't a tall
tree. How about a this iswhere I get out my Are we back
to that? Okay, you aregoing to take the but I'll be a
I'm not going to go full gunshere. I'm not going to try to
(26:41):
blow up the world. I'm gonnalike I saw it open, blow up
the world. I'm not gonna beHarry Truman about this. But how about
a blast of water? Just knockthose suckers down? Just get off my
tree, just like old people likeme say, get off my lawn,
(27:02):
So get off my tray, geton my gardinals. Blasphem, because that's
just like a huge tsunami on theselittle bugs. Maybe the rain did that
this weekend. Rains don't have thegarden hose nearby. Pray for rain.
That can help too. Just ablast of water can And like you said,
that was a light infestation. SoI'm with you. You know,
(27:26):
don't want to you don't need ayou don't need to get out there.
Look the other way. Well,at least with that small tree, you
know you can spray, you knowat those leaves are more sensitive than a
big tree. They're more sensitive,but also they're easier to spray a big
tree. So and you had asof faith. That's a systemic so that's
(27:48):
systemic action that helps. It's prettytoxic, I think, just a But
they do say, like, Imean, would you agree with that too,
that the timing is kind of criticalbecause you would have to hit it
around bud break. Yeah, sexticidalsoap is effective against like that nymph stage,
but again you have to be yougot coverage, gadget to be see,
(28:10):
well what the thing is? Thething is nobody north? Is it
damage? Until you see the stickinessthat's that's then go what the thing?
You look up, Oh god,what's what's that about? And then they
so uh and in sextile soap,that's kind of tricky because you got to
(28:30):
hit the bug itself to dry outthe bug. So that you can't use
insecticidle soap on a tree of anysize. There's no way you're gonna get
good enough coverage. And also,I mean, you got to hit it
and it's northsidual, so I'm justnot gonna get given a tsunami approach.
(28:52):
That's what I would do. That'swhat we did in Wisconsin right when we
had honey locus. That's a verypopular tree on decks. Honeycus is not
that hardy. It's marginal hearted here, so it's not that common. That's
why we don't see that bug thatoften. But there is a Northern Acclaim
honey locust tree. That's it buildthe garden centers and that's from nd s
(29:12):
U. That's one of our greatesttrees that Dale Herman and our our program
has developed historically. So that's whatif you like a honeywoke is a beautiful
tree, Northern Acclaim is the oneto get. Yeah, and then you
fight the bugs when they come,or relax or just accept a little stickiness
(29:33):
in your life. Yeah, exactly. But what's going on. Let's talk
about controlling weeds in the garden.Weeds Man might talk about my gardens.
This is not my garden. Idon't know what it's. That's my whole
yard. Yeah, looks like scarsand it looks beautiful. Any of this
(29:56):
that's out dandalized prickly lettuce, Yeah, and not so much. But about
person lane, that's a problem oncompacted soils especially, got a deep tab
root. This is my art.This isn't my ard, but this is
it's grass growing everywhere in my guard, in your garden. Oh man,
(30:21):
are you doing that on purpose?No, I'm not, I'm not.
It has been a struggle this year. You know what. We don't talk
probably that often about our own failures. Yeah, my guard. Yeah,
mind's of failure. That's too muchgrass. You know what my failures are.
You know what I did this weekend? I went and I tarted my
(30:42):
whole garden. Said, we're notyou tarped it. Yeah, you're just
gonna like black, you put blacktart on it, and you're just gonna
say everything does landscape fabric, that'sdone, I said, And you're just
gonna you're gonna just try to soulthe just kind of like suffocated, no
(31:03):
starlight and just grass. Yeah,well sometimes you got to do that.
I'm doing that because you know whatI went over. My sister's got a
yeah. Yeah, not for you. No, we're going to talk about
that, but no, I help. My sister plans a big one and
(31:25):
I haven't went to look. I'msure she's battling weeds too, but I
figure, you know what, Iput some labor into this garden. I
can have some of the harvest ofit. My ten by ten can be
put to bed this year. That'sright, all right? So what do
we need to do? This iswhere I lacked. You need to attack
those weeds as soon as they appear. Don't let them go to seed or
(31:48):
flower. Not that they were seedingor flowering. It's just the grass got
out of hand really fast this year. So let's use a good garden hall
get rid of them. Or ifyou're just me, you're out there pulling
and you want to get all thoseroots, which is pretty much impossible.
Yeah. Also, you can maulch. I tried that this year. He's
still poked up from my heavy maulchingattempts on that. So I said,
(32:14):
enough with it. I'm not dealingwith it anymore. It's an eyesore in
the yard. I'm gonna solarize itout and focus on the flower beds.
But you brought up herbicides, soyou know, I get the question around
like corn gluen meal and stuff.I don't know. Studies out there say
that it can be effective, butit may or may not be effective with
(32:37):
like that germination of weed seeds,and that it also can inhibit other seeds.
What would your opinion be on that, Well, that's your organic eye,
right, that's in it have it'snot like you say, it's not.
It can be effective, it's notone hundred percent effective. It has
(32:58):
to build up over time. I'dsee. The only benefit of corn gluten
male is it's not toxic, right, and and also gotta be pre emergency.
You know, once the seeds up, it's the seedlings up, it's
not going to do much for you, right, So that's an that's an
option if you're organic, but maybejust invest in a garden hole or like
(33:20):
you said, get out the glyphasate, right. Well, that's that's that's
pretty uh severe, but not sosevere because it has a very short life
in the environment. And uh,I mean there's a lot of there's a
contract, there's different reports and longterm health effects. But it's a guypha
(33:42):
sade is I can if used properlyand follow a label, which is important,
it can be a great tool andit's a vegetation killer. It will
kill almost every vegetation. But thenit has a very short life. So
like you could sprague life fosc eighttoday and then come back in two weeks
and you could till the land andgrow your fall radishes or something and be
(34:06):
perfectly safe. You'd be safe.So yeah, a sharp hole, don't
forget that, it's important. Yeah, Or a nice small tiller if you
got one to go in between.Yeah, I don't know if your husband
bullies in that kind of destroying allthose poor microbe spie. Yeah, right,
Yeah, a good roller tiller.I can do a great job.
(34:28):
And I hear a microbe. Butthat's right. Sometimes you just take the
loss. That's what I did.I got no W this year. It's
like a big l. But that'sokay, you know I do. I
told you earlier this year that Iwas going to try the flowering kale and
cabbage, right, remember that,right? So I have my seeds.
(34:49):
I started them good, they gotprobably their second set of leaves. They're
still in the house. So Ijust gonna keep those little baby growing.
Yeah, and then I'm gonna putthem outdoor. I'm gonna put them outdoor
in a container in one of myraids. Yeah, okay, so that
(35:09):
could be very exciting. I wantto see very colorful in the fall and
edible. It's edible if you're Idon't think I'm gonna eat it. It's
just I want it for the looks. So okay, that's what I got
there. Okay, here we go. What am I going to talk about?
What are you going to talk abouttoday? Well, we're going to
(35:31):
talk about April showers in July?Oh it is? How come nobody told
me that I should have known thatfourth in July. Sleep with the fireworks,
that trust me. But April showersthat's my theme today because what April
showers bring flowers? That's right,April showers. We got a lot of
(35:55):
April showers this year. We hadnearly twice as much rain as usual for
April this year, and the rankkept going strong and consistently through May.
So there's been a lot of moisture. And now the impact there's been impact
earlier, but now there's some sadimpact happening now. So there was some
good stuff in the beginning. Therobins had a good time, you know,
(36:16):
splashing around and like you say,April showers bring many flowers, had
nice beautiful tulips, and the crabapples were vibrant this year. Lawns were
spectacular. They still are just theyjust love that moisture However, that was
a good part of april showers.The bad part is we're seeing diseases on
(36:37):
our tree leaves. And like whena tree leaf comes out, it doesn't
have much waxy coating, waxy protectionon it, and so it's very sensitive
to moist conditions and disease fungus.And so this is a picture of apple
(37:00):
or crab, apple scab, andthis is this is a hot problem right
now. It was the defection infectionwas earlier and people didn't notice it.
But now the disease is spreading andthe leaves are dropping, and like when
you see ten twenty percent of thecanopy falling, that's when you call your
extension person, go, oh mygod, is my tree dying? What
(37:21):
are we gonna do? Are wegonna cut it down? You know,
I had that story once. Ihad a homeowner like this had a problem.
To see these scab It's like aI'll live to kind of grayish almost
splotches on the leaves, and theleaves were coming down, and they thought
for sure the tree was the goner. But the wise woman, the wife
(37:45):
of the family, called her localextension agent before the before the guy cut
it down, and she described methe sentence, and I said, don't
worry about it. That's just scabdisease. Look at the tree. There's
still lots of green tissue. Theleaves are still functional. You know that
tree could drop every leaf today andit would come back next year because it's
(38:08):
got food and reserve. It's onlywhen we have problems like defoliation now,
defoliation next year, defoliation next spring, that's when the tree gets weak and
you start worrying about it. Sowhat did that lady do when I told
her that? She went and bakeda pie. No, it's didn't bake
a pie. She dropped the phoneand she ran out to the backyard.
(38:31):
Her husband was ruving up the chainsawcutting down the tree, and so she
dropped the phone and she just ranand then she called me. You back
five minutes later, said sorry thatshe feel apologies for being rude, but
she said her husband was cutting downthe tree, but now it's saved.
So that was a true story withscab. Is that the tailtale tree?
(38:54):
Two of those lesions occurring along theveins. Yeah, you know what the
really thing is is you notice thatit cannot form on the fruits too.
By the way on the surface ofthe fruits. But what you notice is
the leaves dropping. That's when peoplestart freaking out. But it's not it's
(39:14):
rarely severe. You want to raketo get this fungus out of the area.
Almost all the time, the funguscomes from the previous year's leaf and
fruit litter, so rake up andthen also prune the trees in winter because
a fungus likes humidity, So whatwe're gonna do is prune the trees so
(39:34):
there's more air movement and sunlight,less humidity, and once you got it,
there's nothing we can do about it. So kind of like that fireby
a little bit that we don't havecurative chemicals, but in this case we
can use preventative chemicals. But usuallywe'd only use these if there's a very
young tree in early spring when theleaves are just popping up, we got
(39:54):
to protect the leaves. Or ifit was a tree that had severe to
folio for a couple of years ina row, then we're gonna protect it,
okay, Like captains are common funto say. I think the big
question is always whenever you have treeissues, apple tree issues, can you
consume the fruit well? Because ithas scab disease, scab fire blight.
(40:20):
H well, fire blight. Yougot scorched tips, not so much the
scorched fruits, and the scab onlyaffects the surface of the fruits. And
so I mean, how hungry areyou really if you're really starving? Like
if this is like a like likeI saw it Oppenheim or movie, Like
(40:42):
if we were at scorched earth andthere's no food except for my apple tree,
Okay, I would pick. Iwould peel off the scab and eat
the fruits. But but or youcan make apple sauce, you know,
there you go. But yeah,and but rake the fruits up when they
fall. And see how we thinthis tree to make good air movement and
sun like that. So scab isn'tgonna affect this tree on the right because
(41:06):
it's got nice and open. Sohow do you pune a tree? Just
one second here? Just it's notbrain surgery. People say, oh my
god, what if I prune thewrong branch, my tree is gonna die?
Oh my lord, what do Ido? Just if you can do
nothing else to take out these verticalshoots, we call them water sprouts,
just it's mindless. You don't haveto think. Vertical has no fruits,
(41:30):
has no flowers. Vertical wood isworthless, just clutters up the tree.
So just cut out those water sproutsin March, okay, And then if
you do, spray as soon asthe leaves are popping open because they don't
have any waxy protection. And thebest time of spray is a day or
two before the rain comes because thenthe the fund aside can act as a
(41:54):
shield of protection against the infection.Okay, now now that's the scad.
Now here's a hot one right nowon oak trees an threatening. You talked
about ash anthracnols about three weeks agoand that was the hot one. Then
now the oaks are getting anthreatners adifferent species, but still entracknoles. And
(42:14):
you see the brown spots and butagain, just like with your ash anthracnols,
this is not a killer. Justlike with scab too, it's not
a killer. There's still green functionaltissue on the leaves, very similar to
scab. There's nothing we can doabout it. It's the leaves are gonna
draw prematurely. Oak trees do sendoff flushes, new flushes throughout the year,
(42:35):
though, so likely there'll be anotherflush coming out, but don't get
up tight about it. If youcan rake up the leaves underneath it.
And if it's a young tree,we could consider spraying the following early spring.
Again, but if it's a bigtree, you can't get good spray
coverage on a big tree. Andagain it's got to have a severe deffoliation
(42:58):
for like three years in a rowto have any words, and that just
doesn't happen. It's so dry hereout in the western North Dakota, so
anthragonos. One way that I alwaystell the difference is when you look at
the tree, you step back andlook at the whole tree. If the
top of the tree is the healthiest, that's great. That means it's it's
not like a bore or vascular.It's just got some some sleeve spotting anthragnoes
(43:22):
because the top of the tree getslots of sun and air, so the
fungus can't survive. But you seethe fungus on the bottom branches and inside
the canopy, So don't worry aboutanthragnoes. But it's on burrokes big time
right now. I've been getting someof those. Yeah, here's what you're
gonna get next, and that's earlyblight. So the tomato spotting is beginning
(43:44):
right now. Early blight. It'sthe first common one. And you can
see on if you look at thatbrown lesion carefully where that guy's fingers,
you can see like a target,a concentric ring. So early blight is
just starting right now. So youcan use preventative fund of sides, vegetable
fund of sides like let's say,uh, corithalan l or copper. But
(44:08):
but probably here's some more symptoms,kind of bigger lesions, but just don't
do overhead irrigation. That's how itspreads. And in the future, like
for tomatoes, the last ten years, they've made remarkable progress finding disease resistant
varieties. So look for a modernF one hybrid and there's early light resistance.
(44:31):
Just in the last ten years.Every year new varieties come out,
look for that. I just hadsomebody actually this morning text in with septoria
leaf spotatoes. Okay, that's that'sall. That's very common. That's usually
comes a little bit later, likea week or two later, that has
tiny burgundy spots just like little pinpricks. Unfortunately, she told me she overheads
(44:53):
waters and I said, well,you're just spreading that. So so we
got to stop that because that's whatthe that's what the fungus wants and worth
that humidity. So target your waterat the base of the plant and water
in the morning, so if youget any leaves wet, it has the
whole day to dry off. Soyep, that's that's what happens. There's
(45:16):
no resistance friday Sis septoria at thistime. Sorry about that. Okay,
we're else going to be I'm inTuxa. Like you talked about some insect
past. There's two insect paths thatare the most common. Two paths for
apples are active right now. Igot some pictures of the worms just entering
nearby apples or just crawling near theapple fruits. Coddling moth and apple maggot.
(45:39):
They're active right now on our apples. If I had a spray like
let's say two times the year,one to be right after the petals fall
and the next one be like thefirst week or two of July to have
the maximum impact, So be awareof that. Caught out a potato beetle
active right now, and you seethe all with the stripes and a big
(46:01):
fat body and the orange eggs arethere on the under side of the lease.
But now this is the time whenthey do their damage. This is
their larva. The teenagers. They'renot a beetle yet. They're just hungry
teenagers and they they cause most ofthe damage to your potato plants. So
look for those kind of gelatinous,kind of slimy teenage bugs. And so
(46:27):
look for them. They're very hungry. And there's two ways to go at
it. If you want organic,Spino said is a great tool for an
organic approach, and there's Monterey andalso Captain Jack's Dead bug. These are
common at garden centers. And thenif you want to go with the chemical
(46:49):
approach, they're also very effective.Don't use the old fashioned seven which is
carbriol. Use the garden Tech seven, which is zeta side permethron. So
that's a new formulation that's effective againstthese bugs. Or Bonite has their eight,
which is permethron. So these arepyreethroids that are very effective. So
(47:10):
look scout and for me, theylove eggplant as well. They'll go after
peppers and tomatoes if they ruin onpotatoes in your garden, So look for
them right now. So again that'sa summary there. You can look for
the orange eggs in the underside,look for those larvae. You can justify
sprye if you got twenty five percentof foliation and go after them with either
(47:34):
spini set organically or pyreethroids. Okay, last thing I want to talk about
today is blossom and rod. Thisis where right on the cusp of this
becoming the major problem. And youcan go out your garden right now,
your tomatoes and it's usually the firstflush that gets impacted by blossom and rot.
So look at those young fruits,look at the bottom of them,
(47:55):
at the god that collapsed dark browntissue. Then just pick off those fruits.
That was a lost cause. Likeyour gardeners, you're just a lost
cause. But there's hope because thenext flush may not be impacted. Okay,
it can be on the later inthe development of the tomatoes. Blossom
(48:15):
enra can impact peppers, it canimpact squash, and it can impact watermelons
too. It's always on the likethe end of the fruit there, the
bottom of the fruit there, andthis is caused by It's not a disease,
it's a calcium deficiency and causes thecells to collapse. It's just like
(48:36):
old people like me who don't haveenough calcium, I can just collapse and
that's what happens. We need calciumin our plants so that they don't collapse.
So it's calcium deficiency in the fruits, not necessarily in the soil.
Usually the calcium's in the soil,but it's not getting to the fruits.
Got to get to the fruits,so we're not gonna focus on adding calcium
(49:01):
in the soil. We got toget the calcium to the fruits. And
how we do that by having moisturein the soil so that the calcium flows
in the soil solution and the rootscan absorb it and pump it up the
plant. So irrigate on a regularbasis and mult can help keep moisture in
the soil. Okay, focus onthat. You want to cultivate shallowly,
(49:22):
don't damage the roots. The rootsare important. They got to absorb the
calcium for us. And the lastthing that's kind of weird. It's like
avoid lush plants because it's a battleand that tomato plant. The leaves want
the calcium, the fruits want thecalcium. They do not cooperate. They
(49:44):
fight. So the more lush plantsyou got, the more leaves you got,
the less calcium your fruits are gonnaget. So don't go nuts on
the fertilizer. And actually I don'tside dress my tomatoes until after they set
fruit. Okay, if you dofertilize, use calcium nitrate if possible,
(50:05):
not ammonium nitrate, which is muchmore common. And if you got these
these long indeterminate vines, you knowyou should be pruning off the sucker.
So be careful about fertilization. Okay. One last thing is you can spray
the fruits directly, and there aresprays available. You can mix up your
own calcium nitrate four tablespoons per gallonof water. You can just say forget,
(50:30):
forget about you leaves. You getnone of this. I'm going to
give you to my precious little babyfruit. So you got to hit the
fruits when they're young, just aboutthe size of a dime, and you
spray them and they'll give them adirect shot of calcium and help to prevent
the blossom n rod. So expectto be see that a big prom Now
that's what no need for the eggshells or the apsid salts. Okay,
(50:53):
okay, egg shells have calcium.That's a good thing, but you gotta
pulverize with such a fine degree andstill they'd probably only be available the next
year and chance to start. You'relooking at the wrong thing. The calcium
is already there. I mean,the eggshell doesn't hurt, but it's like,
(51:13):
you know, that's the person's alreadythe soil has already got enough calcium.
And that absence salts is ridiculous becausethat some salts has magnesium, it
doesn't have calcium, and magnesium andcalcium fight for spots on the route.
So the more magnesium, the lessroom for the calcium ions to get to
(51:35):
the roots. It's kind of likereminds me of like a parking lot is
the root. There's only so manyparking lot spots. Those celcium and magnesium
are fighting for parking lot spots.The more magnesium you have, the more
they're gonna get the parking lot spots, so they're less room for the calcium.
So don't use Ebsen salt. That'sa that's nonsense. Give it.
(51:58):
But also one thing is and alsoboth pear and palm shade types like roma.
They get it all the time.I just accept it. Pick off
young fruits. After a while,the roots get established, the parking lot
gets bigger. Now calcium can finda way to the plant. So and
also the least have less of advantageover the fruits. So to use that
(52:20):
first flush we always worry about.After that, you're probably gonna be okay,
sounds good. That's what I gotthis week. Cus that was a
lot, a lot we covered.Hey, well there's a lot of problems
out there. That's where they needus. There is until next time.
Until next time, well, we'lljust thank our viewers for joining us like
we do every time, and ofcourse we always welcome you back to future
(52:43):
episodes of Dakota Growing. Dakoda Growingis a gardening show brought to you by
Dakota Media Access and ENDSU Extension.We discuss a variety of timely topics pertaining
to your landscape, along with givingyou tips and advice for your lawn,
garden and trees. If you havequestions, call seven oh one two two
(53:04):
one six eight sixty five or emailNDSU dot Burley dot Extension at NDYSU dot
com. Dakota Growing airs on RadioAccess one O two point five FM,
Community Access Channel twelve or six twelveHD, or online at free tv dot org
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