Dakota Growing Ep. 44 - Emerald Ash Borer and More

Kelsey Deckert & Tom Kalb talk about emerald ash borer and other gardening topics in ND.

Episode Transcript

Speaker 1 (00:22):
Welcome to Dakota Growing. I'm Kelsey Deckert, your horticulture agent
here in Burley County, joined in the radio Access studio
by my co host Tom Cobb, NDSU Extension horticulturist. And
we have a special guest today Joe ze lesnik Our
NDSU Extension Forrester. How are you doing today, Guys, doing great, great,

(00:43):
doing great.

Speaker 2 (00:43):
Thanks for the invitation.

Speaker 1 (00:45):
Hey, we're glad you could come from Fargo. We have
breaking news. If you haven't heard, yeah, you should have
did your sound effects today for that breaking news.

Speaker 2 (00:57):
Joe, bad news, I would say bad news here. Yeah. Yeah.

Speaker 3 (01:03):
Emerald ash board was discovered in North Dakota two weeks
ago north of Edgeley, about eight miles north of Edgeley
on Highway to eighty one. There's a rest area there
thirty miles south of Jamestown, and Department of bag had
some traps out and they discovered some adults what they
suspected were adult YAB in those traps. They followed up

(01:27):
and indeed found larvae.

Speaker 2 (01:30):
And that's it.

Speaker 3 (01:32):
That's it, well a little bit, yeah, because the traps
generally aren't terribly effective most places where they found ya B.
It's always been a tree care worker. Yeah, almost every time.
In this case it was a trap. So yeah, they

(01:53):
found it, and we started a little bit of a
delimiting survey try to see how far it's spread. I
was helping out out with that last week and we
still got some work to do on that.

Speaker 1 (02:04):
So how far was the trees done from the traps?

Speaker 2 (02:08):
Like that?

Speaker 1 (02:08):
You discovered the larvae?

Speaker 4 (02:10):
Uh?

Speaker 2 (02:11):
Right there?

Speaker 4 (02:12):
That?

Speaker 3 (02:13):
Yeah, within fifty yards and there there's a bunch of
trees there, a bunch of green ash trees and every
one of them is infested.

Speaker 1 (02:20):
Would you have expected it just looking at the trees themselves?

Speaker 4 (02:25):
Sort of? Sort of because you were a year ago, Joe,
he said, like in a winter you.

Speaker 2 (02:31):
Were at rest.

Speaker 3 (02:33):
Yeah, ironically ironic, And he stopped there this past winter
and just had a pocket knife with me. So I
was digging around in the bark a little bit and said,
you know, we really need to follow up on this,
and uh, and we didn't right away, And sure enough
I was right, I say, I say, though, sort of, Yeah,

(02:53):
would they look infested to me just by looking at him?

Speaker 2 (02:56):
I say sort of?

Speaker 3 (02:57):
Because in North Dakota we got a lot of lousy
as it's a tough place to be a tree.

Speaker 2 (03:03):
There's it's a tough environment, it's a tough person.

Speaker 1 (03:09):
Yeah, I missed last week's meeting, so I was just curious.
I didn't obviously get to see your updates. So sure,
that's why I asked if the trees looked.

Speaker 4 (03:17):
No, okay, so you you kind of sculped out the
site and you saw the you saw the infestation. But now,
what's your first guess about how far it's spread?

Speaker 3 (03:30):
Our first guess. I don't think it's spread very far yet.
We we were just looking eyeball on some things across
trees across the highway and shelter belt. Uh, they're too
tall for us to go up and get samples from them, unfortunately.
And then in the four square miles the four sections

(03:51):
around there, driving around again looking at shelter belts, there's
there's actually not many ASH in those shelter belts. And
the one I saw, ah, they looked like a lot
of the other ash in North Dakota. So I don't
know for sure, just eyeball on it. I didn't see
signs that made me worried that said, hey, eab can

(04:14):
be in a place for three, four or five years
without us even knowing about it, because it starts so slowly.

Speaker 1 (04:22):
I was shocked when you emailed me and said, hey,
we discovered it. I didn't even hear the news yet
or anything. And then here you tell me Edgeley, and
I was like, I mean, as many trees as you
guys looked at in Fargo, that's where I would have
thought put it right away exactly.

Speaker 3 (04:38):
You know, I was found in Clay County, Minnesota, and
Morehead and Dilworth last year in February twenty twenty three. Yeah,
we would have expected to find it in Fargo this year.
And with however, many people are looking at it from
the Fargo Forestry Department in Fargo Parks Forestry West Fargo,
excuse me, and a lot of other folks, and we
still haven't found it in the Fargo area.

Speaker 4 (05:01):
Go figure, Well, we're in Bismar, So do we have
to worry about that a little more infestation.

Speaker 3 (05:10):
As much as Fargo does that? You know, you never
know when it will be found here or near here.
And I just keep telling people it's just time to
pay attention.

Speaker 2 (05:20):
It's time to.

Speaker 3 (05:23):
Think about what your plans are going to be once
a tree is infested Are you going to remove it?
Are you going to treat it? You're going to replace
it or not? Would you remove it now and replace
it now and get a new tree started with something different,
different species, different cultivar. So it's just it's time for
people to pay attention and make plans.

Speaker 1 (05:45):
Is it time to panic? No?

Speaker 2 (05:51):
Sure, Yeah, Well it's funny you mentioned the sky is falling.

Speaker 4 (05:55):
I E.

Speaker 3 (05:56):
A B was discovered the week I moved to North Kota.
I moved here from Michigan. Where was it discovered? Michigan?
They had just identified it that very week that I
moved to North Dakota, and my colleague there said, oh,
this is going to be a bad one. So for
twenty two years, I've kind of been playing, I don't
want to say, playing chicken little telling people the sky
is falling. I been trying to warn people, Hey, this

(06:19):
is going to come here someday and some days now.

Speaker 4 (06:23):
It's been in South Dklota for a few years now.
In Minnesota even before that, huh cities area, Oh yeah.

Speaker 3 (06:31):
The Twin Cities twenty oh nine, South Dakota twenty eighteen.
But Winnipeg, I want to say, twenty seventeen. Yeah, So
it's it's definitely cold, hardy enough to survive here in
the Great Plains. What I expect is that populations will
build and then they'll crash, and not completely crash, but

(06:52):
that's what I expect to see because we do get
cold enough winters to knock the population back substantially. Maybe
ninety percent of the larvae would get killed, but that
means ten percent survive. Yeah, and uh, you know those
are the hardiest ten percent.

Speaker 1 (07:09):
Those are the North Dakotans.

Speaker 2 (07:10):
Yeah, those are the tough way.

Speaker 4 (07:12):
What about the crashing, I don't get that, Like the
populations are going to rise, like across the state, even
no locally, oh like when it comes to Bismarck, me
and Dan.

Speaker 3 (07:24):
Right, you know we will Populations will build. Okay, We've
got this fine and edge. Right, populations will build and
they'll likely crash at some point. It wouldn't we get
a really really cold winter. However, those are there are
those protected areas under the snow on the south side
of the tree where it's a little bit warmer than

(07:45):
the north side where certain individuals are going to survive,
and so that population might build and then kind of
stay stable for a while while it builds up again,
is my educated guess.

Speaker 4 (08:00):
And now we're about one hundred miles from Edgeley here
as to ab flies so to speak, So we're so
there's no need to be taking any action here in business.
We should all be treating our trees for this boar.
Yet it's like a fifteen mile is what we say. Right.

Speaker 3 (08:21):
The recommendations are, if you're going to treat the tree,
don't treat it until eab has been found within fifteen
miles of you area on its own and in a lab.
Eab can fly up to ten miles in the wild.
I mean generally they either go to the same tree
that they were born on or the next tree over.

(08:43):
They don't they're not great flyers. They don't like to
fly if they don't have to, but they can if
they have to. Okay, so they can fly up to
ten miles. Our recommendation is if it hasn't been found
within fifteen miles, there's no need to treat.

Speaker 2 (08:58):
Yeah, noose absolutely.

Speaker 3 (09:02):
Now that said, you know, people don't have to take
out ash trees now, but if they want to, Hey,
diversification opportunity, this is a great time to get something started.
Maybe maybe it'll be ten years. Maybe it'll be twenty
years before it gets to Bismarck. We have no idea
how long it'll take.

Speaker 1 (09:22):
So like people who have like tree rows and shelter
belts for privacy, though probably like maybe start slowly taking
somehow because you want to wipe out your whole right protection.

Speaker 3 (09:32):
That's going to be a balancing act between keeping the
protection you.

Speaker 2 (09:35):
Have, or at least some level of portion the have.

Speaker 3 (09:38):
And starting new stuff. That's gonna be a tough one.
And the treatments that are available are the chemical treatments
that are available. They're injected into the stem, and yeah,
they're a bit pricey.

Speaker 2 (09:52):
They can be a bit pricey.

Speaker 3 (09:53):
So injecting all the trees and a shelter belt, I
can't imagine that would be worthwhile.

Speaker 4 (10:01):
It's done by a professional, or can you do it?
Can I get my own bear advanced the sill drench?

Speaker 2 (10:11):
Well, okay, I'm not gonna. No, that's a great question.

Speaker 4 (10:14):
No way, I'm gonna because it's one hundred miles away.

Speaker 3 (10:18):
No, that's a great question though, because there's there are
two main chemicals that are used these days. You mentioned
the amida cloprid, which was initially Bayer Advanced and it's
a bunch of other different products as well. And emita
cloprid is okay, it's effective most of the time against EAB. Now,

(10:39):
the one that professionals are injecting into the stems. That
chemical is called m metin benzo eight. Okay, mmin benzo eight,
and it is. And my understanding is is that chemicals
really safe. It's been used in the vegetable industry for
years and years and years. Okay, but it's very effective
against THEA B ninety nine plus percent.

Speaker 2 (11:01):
Wow.

Speaker 3 (11:02):
But it has to be injected in the stem. So
you need special equipment. You asked about, can you do
it yourself? Okay, you can buy the injection equipment of
the one set up is about sixteen hundred dollars. The
other one's twenty five hundred dollars, give or take. There
are some other ways. There are other systems out there
that maybe you could buy. And then there's two different

(11:25):
concentrations of this. I was just talking with county agent
down there in Lamore County this morning. The ten percent
concentration nine point seven percent is a restricted use pesticide,
so that you know it's professionals only. But then they
got a half strength. It's about four point seven or
five percent, and that is not a restricted use.

Speaker 2 (11:47):
So you can buy it. You can buy it online.

Speaker 3 (11:50):
I'm not sure if anybody around here is carrying it
over the counter, but anybody can buy that. You just
got to figure out some type of injection system to
get that chemical under the tree.

Speaker 4 (12:02):
So Joel like, Okay, we know it's in the state,
and probably it's another locations already in the state. Maybe
it's even in Bismarck, Mandan. Because like you say, we
don't see the symptoms right away. So how what should
I be looking for as far as does my ash tree?

(12:24):
Is it just like an old tired North Dakota ash tree?
Or how do I tell? What do I look for
to suspect I got emerald ashboard?

Speaker 3 (12:34):
Well, we the initial symptoms we look for are die
back in the crown and sprouts along the stem. And
I just have a little bit of a picture of this.

Speaker 4 (12:45):
Yeah, sure, go for it.

Speaker 2 (12:47):
Okay, So.

Speaker 3 (12:49):
I just have a little bit of picture of this,
because I should have taken a photo of this tree.
The whole top was dead and just sprouts along the stem.
So my colleague Charles all Hard of the North Dakota
Department of ag started peeling the bark.

Speaker 2 (13:03):
We knew ea b was in this tree.

Speaker 3 (13:05):
We had taken a branch down earlier, but we didn't
know how far down the stem. So that's at you know,
from about three to five feet where he peeled all
that back. And those dark spots are all beetle galleries.

Speaker 2 (13:20):
So we look for that under the bark. Let's see
do I have there?

Speaker 4 (13:26):
We go?

Speaker 3 (13:27):
This D shaped exit hole right in the middle there,
that's what we look for on site. That's the exit
hole of the adult. The larva feeds under the bark.
It goes into the wood a little bit to pupate
over the winter, and then comes out in the spring
and early summer and it choose this capital D letter

(13:48):
exit hole. Challenge here is we've got a native border
called the redheaded ash boar that's got a kind of
an oval hole that is really it really looks a
lot like this and it's really subtle. So what we
really need to do is we need to look under
the bark. And of course that's gonna kill a tree

(14:09):
to some extent, at least that'll kill that branch. Now,
this is a larval gallery from the emeraldash Boar and
it starts there on the left and it just kind
of zigzags back and forth, very serpentine. It starts small
and gets bigger and bigger, so it goes through four
I think it's five in stars as a larva, and

(14:31):
then it kind of travels up towards the left again
by where the egg was laid, and then it'll bore
into the wood just a little bit. The pupaid and
a larva looks like this. Unfortunately, this isn't the greatest picture.
The head is off to the left under the bark.
But we look for bell shaped or trapezoid shaped body segments,

(14:54):
and it's kind of interesting. When we were out there
in the field there in Edgeley, we found a couple
that looked like this. The one on the top there,
it's folded over. I don't know if we can zoom
in a little more on that, but it's folded over
and that would be a pre pupa, so they kind

(15:17):
of they call it a J shape. They kind of
hook themselves around when they pupate, and that's when they'll
turn and become adults. The one on the bottom in
the middle, it's a little blurry. It's out of focus
in this photo, but it's also squished. So when we're
peeling the bark back, it's hard to not slice these things.

(15:38):
We've got to be real subtle, real careful with these
large draw knives.

Speaker 1 (15:43):
Well, they'll do that. You said, there's did you say
five in stars?

Speaker 2 (15:46):
Five in stars of the little larvae.

Speaker 1 (15:48):
They'll curl up like four times on five times.

Speaker 2 (15:50):
No, this is they'll only curl up once they become pupa. Okay, okay, yeah, And.

Speaker 3 (15:57):
We found a bunch of larger large and pupa and
or pre pupe excuse me, and one really really small larvae. Okay,
So we think they might be done feeding for this year,
and then that little one will probably finish its development
next year. In the north here we expect both one

(16:19):
year life cycle and two year life cycle. It just
they might take that long to develop.

Speaker 1 (16:25):
So that first photo you show to the tree and
you said it was like three to five feet Do
they start at a certain spot in the tree? Do
they usually start at the top and work their way down.

Speaker 3 (16:34):
Or they usually start at the top near the top,
so roughly where the bark transitions from smooth or young yep.
And then it becomes more rough as it gets older,
and right about there is a great place for a
female eab to lay her eggs. I've got this example here, yeah,

(16:55):
hold it up, all right. I've got this example here
of a branch and this is about an inchine diameter.
And right here you see the wiggling back and forth,
back and forth, and that's an EA B gallery. Right there,
there's an exit hole. There was There was an exit
hole up here that I peeled. And then there's an

(17:16):
exit hole right there, d shaped, hard to see, okay,
but it but it's there.

Speaker 4 (17:22):
Okay.

Speaker 3 (17:23):
Ironically, we've got a B here and EA B here. Yeah,
this is not EA B. This is ash bark beetle,
very common in North Dakota, one of our native pets
of ash trees. So that's a gallery, an egg gallery here,
and then the larval galleries shoot off from that, very

(17:44):
common in North Dakota on trees that are already dying
from something else. So an ash tree can have a bunch.

Speaker 1 (17:51):
Of different insects at one time.

Speaker 3 (17:53):
Insects at one time, diseases at one time, so that
makes it a little bit tougher. That's scientifically, this is
fun and challenging. YEA, yeah, scientifically, but you know, from
an economic perspective, social perspective, it's tough. Because ash trees

(18:14):
are great for North Dakota. They're one of the native
trees that's hardy enough to survive here. They're so adaptable
that I've seen them on wet sites. They've seen them
next to cactus in some areas in the state. So
they can handle the dry, they can handle a bit
of salt. They grow relatively fast. This is going to
be tough. Ash trees make up a huge percent of

(18:36):
the urban forest of North Dakota. I want to say
about forty percent on average, varies by community. Summer as
high as seventy five or eighty percent. I know far
goes down to about twenty three percent. Now I'm not
sure where bis Mark's at. And in our native force.
Oh and sorry, our shelter belts too.

Speaker 4 (18:58):
Yeah, that's going to be to.

Speaker 1 (19:01):
Do you think like down the road at all? I
mean in other communities, is there any like does it
become like mandated for people like I just think of
like like an old farmer who might say, okay, it
is in their shelter belt, but alt's there, I'm not.
I got better things to do than worry about this
tree or these trees.

Speaker 3 (19:19):
No, there's no mandate for them to do anything, treatment, removals, whatever.
The only thing the Department of ag has done, at
least for now, is they set a quarantine around Lamore
County requiring no movement of firewood yeap outside of Lamore County.
And I think that might get changed a little bit
as we find out more and more how far it

(19:42):
might be.

Speaker 1 (19:43):
Spread anything you think like city wide, Like if you
think of like this, the communities that do like Dutch
elm disease and sure right, like do you think you
could see that down the road happening.

Speaker 3 (19:54):
I think it's gonna be a real challenge for each
community because challenge just what's a public tree and what's
a private tree, And what's the city's responsibility and what's
the private homeowner's responsibility, And sometimes it's just not clear
whose tree is it. And I think each community is

(20:15):
going to have to figure that out, and that's going
to be a tough one.

Speaker 1 (20:20):
Yeah, I know, I've talked to like our county before
on trees have been planted like in the right of way, right,
so they're not supposed to be there, but years ago
we're planted there. And one of the gentlemen I talked
to over the years is kind of like, Okay, well
we identified they're sick. Who's responsibility? And he goes kind

(20:41):
of funny, because you know, homeowners always say that's their
tree until it does become sick. It becomes a problem, sure,
and they don't want to spend the money to have
to remove it or take it out and stuff.

Speaker 3 (20:53):
So yeah, and that's where for each community having a
tree ordinance would be really helpful. Yeah, it would be
really helpful because it would out until that happens.

Speaker 2 (21:03):
Yeah, I don't know, it's going to be tough, believe.

Speaker 3 (21:08):
For example, Fargo, the homeowner either plants that tree in
the boulevard or has to pay for it to get planted.
They're required, but after that it's city property. Okay, man
dan if I recall it depends which side of the tree.
If a tree is in the boulevard, well, the tree
the city is required to keep the right of way,

(21:30):
like keep clearance over the road so they can trim
along the road. And I think maybe over the sidewalk,
but maybe not. Maybe it's the homeowns responsibility over the sidewalk,
but the city crew can't prune on the other side,
so it's very messy. It just varies so much from
one community to the next. And yeah, they got to

(21:55):
figure it out.

Speaker 4 (21:56):
Oh that's something that you're going to be active with
choice in these communities. Get a game plan.

Speaker 3 (22:04):
That's the goal. That's the goal. If they can. I
don't want to give them the answers. I can't give
them the answers. I can help them figure out what
questions to ask, though, Oh you're the guy.

Speaker 4 (22:18):
To do it.

Speaker 1 (22:20):
Yeah. I think one thing that, like you talked when
when it was discovered in more Head, one thing that's interesting,
like the patterns that you watch from it happening like
South Dakota. I thought I might be wrong in the quote,
but it was like every four years you've seen it
jump about one hundred miles. Is that right? Or am
I really off on that one.

Speaker 3 (22:40):
I don't remember saying that, but I wouldn't be surprised
if I said that, or if somebody has said. Because
we get it's like a spot fire, you know, you
get a wildfire, even a prescribe fire, you get that
one flaming branch or one flaming piece of grass that
gets caught by the wind and just blows out in

(23:01):
front of everything else and you get then that starts
another little fire, which then spreads, and that sends out
two more and then they spread. And that's what I
think we're seeing. Okay, there's a spot fire. There's a
spot eab in Colorado that's been there for several years.
There's one or maybe even two in Oregon right now.

(23:23):
And the one and more head I mean that was
probably oh eighty or one hundred miles from the previous one. Okay,
so yeah, we find it in these little pockets, and
I think that's what we're going to find here. I
wonder if we're going to find it these little pockets
around campgrounds or lakes, right parks, see what happens.

Speaker 1 (23:50):
It's yeah, I've it's crazy crazy to see that it
was found there.

Speaker 4 (23:55):
I think, well, yeah, why because I think that would
be a box traffic there in the regard people stop there,
you know, and a lot of people who aren't local
would travel there. So that's how it's going to get
you know. I'd how it was introduced by some no

(24:16):
good you know, Minnesota or something from Minnesota.

Speaker 1 (24:19):
Shout out to your home state, but it was.

Speaker 4 (24:22):
Probably from someone who's not locally there, and you know
someone try it not but the rest stop.

Speaker 3 (24:27):
Somebody driving through, Yeah, either bringing firewood, going while they're
going camping, or I wonder how much the insect may
hitchhike on vehicles that we.

Speaker 2 (24:40):
We know that it can and does.

Speaker 3 (24:43):
I don't think we have a good handle on how
far it can really go within a vehicle before it
has to get out and fly away, or how long
it'll live. The only ea B adult I've ever seen,
I've I've been to trainings, I've been to Ohio where
my FA families from and visited and watched their ash
trees slowly die binge of trainings in Michigan where it

(25:05):
was introduced, trainings in the Twin Cities. The only time
I've ever seen an adult EAB was a dead one
that landed on my car parked under an ash tree while.

Speaker 2 (25:15):
We were on vacation in Duluth. That's it. Never seen
a live adult.

Speaker 1 (25:21):
How big are they?

Speaker 4 (25:23):
About?

Speaker 2 (25:24):
That big?

Speaker 3 (25:25):
I want to say about five eighths or three quarters
of an inch? And where was it?

Speaker 2 (25:31):
Oh?

Speaker 3 (25:31):
Yeah, at the rest area there in Edgeley where we
were peeling these trees. There were surprisingly several adults that
hadn't emerged that they were just in these D shaped
exit holes, dead right up. They never emerged. They chewed
out their exit hole, but they never came out.

Speaker 4 (25:51):
I don't know why they come out in the spring.

Speaker 3 (25:54):
They come out in the late spring. I want to say, Oh,
it's a certain number of growing degree days. Kind of
peaks at about a thousand to growing degree days. So
it's basically June and July they they start emerging. It's
it's not all at once. It is a little bit
of a wave, and they live about four weeks maybe

(26:14):
six weeks, just feeding on the foliage before they mate
and em email lays eggs and then they die.

Speaker 4 (26:22):
Adults die, and woodpeckers can be a sign to look for, right.

Speaker 3 (26:29):
Yes, but it's a very specific type of woodpecker hole
and in terms, not a special type of woodpecker, a
special type of hole because they don't go very and
that's that's the thing. A little they just it's about
the shape of a dime or size of a dime rather,

(26:49):
and you often see what I've seen is bark I
don't know about that big about the size size of
my hand kind of shredded around that with that die
sized hole in the middle and not going very deep.
And it's really weird because, yeah, try to pick out
one type of woodpecker hole from another.

Speaker 2 (27:10):
Type of wacker hole. I have a real tough.

Speaker 3 (27:13):
Time doing it. I've got a friend who is she's
really good at it. She's got her eye dialed in
on that design that I don't know that pattern.

Speaker 2 (27:25):
I'm still struggling with it.

Speaker 4 (27:26):
Kenna has a tan color too, right, it's a little
it's not as dark the bark. Yeah, the when the
woodpecker goes after it to kind of make uh the
bark is a little lighter in color. Huh.

Speaker 3 (27:38):
If we can go back to that first slide, yeah, sure,
I just want to show that, uh, right on the top.

Speaker 4 (27:46):
Of the tree there, on the top of that tree.

Speaker 3 (27:48):
Okay, that kind of tann is This is this lighter
stuff here is flowing. It's right under the bark. Okay,
And the darker stuff right here is where the the
cambium got killed and the floone was eaten out by
the larvae. But this lighter stuff is what we start

(28:09):
to see when the woodpeckers go after it, or you
could see up into the top here where woodpeckers we
believe have gone after it up here up to the
left right. So yeah, we start to see that pattern.
They call that blonding. But again it's really tough. I've

(28:30):
seen ash trees that are just riddled with woodpecker holes
from top to bottom. And it's not AaB it's one
of our native wars. Redheaded ashboard is super common.

Speaker 4 (28:44):
So if I think I got an ash tree, that's
maybe it's blonding her and it's dying back from the
top down. What should they do about that? Joe? Do
I call you? Or do I call my local county
extension agent, call my forester? What should I call?

Speaker 2 (29:02):
Yes?

Speaker 4 (29:03):
Everybody? No? Not?

Speaker 3 (29:04):
I always say I wouldn't say everybody. Say any one
of those professionals should be able to help you. And
if it, if you start with your county agent or
city forester, that's a great place to start. If they
need additional resources, additional back up, another set of eyes,
they can certainly call me as well. And uh and

(29:24):
Department North Dakota Apartment of Agriculture. They've got a report,
a pest they got a hotline phone number. They've got
an online a form you can fill out and somebody
will follow up on that.

Speaker 2 (29:37):
North Dakota Forest.

Speaker 4 (29:38):
Services we had we had somebody went to talk on
a show about a month ago from a forest service.
Sure whole team effort here.

Speaker 3 (29:50):
Yes, fight back, you know, I got to say. In
North Dakota, we've been really fortunate to have a great
team working on this. Yes, Department of AGA is of
course the regulatory authority and they have that responsibility, but
we've worked on trainings together for years. North Dakota Forest
Service Extension, North Dakota Department of AG. We've been really

(30:12):
trying to train people on what to look for and
how to proceed if they find an actual larvae.

Speaker 4 (30:20):
You know what. Also, we're fortunate about it gets so
frigid here in winter. That's every time it's like really cold,
like minus dirty, minus thirty five, we're all cursing at
the weather. But that's our best insecticide is mother It's
not one hundred percent, but that's a very that's a

(30:43):
very good insecticide to keep our pest populations down. So
the next time it's minus thirty five, carmonal start just
just it's okay. Just just go one side, turn up
the furnace. You're gonna be okay.

Speaker 2 (30:59):
You know, this past winter was so mild.

Speaker 3 (31:01):
Yes, I think that might have been causing a bunch
of problems this year. But that's just a hypothesis. So uh,
this makes sense.

Speaker 4 (31:11):
Yeah, let's hope for a frigid winter, just for a week.
That's it. Yeah, that's all I want. One week of
frigid winter. Very good.

Speaker 1 (31:20):
I'll go on vacation. Let me go on that week
is go down to South Dakota. Tends to always be
warmer's wow. Yeah. Do you have any last minute words
of advice for the public or any last minute things
you want to share today?

Speaker 3 (31:37):
Just a reminder keep your eyes open. If you have questions,
feel free to ask. You know, there's a lot of
great people out there, great professionals who can answer your questions.
Don't move firewood, don't panic, diversify all the things we've
been saying for many years.

Speaker 1 (31:54):
Sure. Yeah, you know, what a fun guest to have today.
I can't thank Joe enough from coming all the to
Fargo to be in person. That was wonderful. Lots to digest, that.

Speaker 4 (32:04):
Was solid, very important news I don't know how fun.

Speaker 1 (32:08):
It was, but I find it really interesting.

Speaker 4 (32:11):
Having like death and destruction coming to our interesting. It's interesting. Yeah,
I rememberhen he asked trees.

Speaker 1 (32:18):
Evidently I don't have trees exactly the ones I planted, remember.

Speaker 4 (32:24):
Anyhow, that's really Joe. That's the most important. That is
the headline news for the year. And it's great that
Joe came here in person to share it with us
and give us all heads up about it. But you
know what, that's not the other That's not the only
insect causing trouble now in North Dkota. Do you know that.
I do know that there's lots of others, and I'm

(32:44):
going to talk about that right now. We're going to
talk about what's the latest buzz here in North Dakota.
So let's get to the slides here. There we go.
First one, My gosh, those are yellow jackets on a watermelon.
Yellow jack of populations. Wasp populations in general are just
soaring right now. It's so interesting how it all starts

(33:08):
just with a pregnant female who survived a bitter cold
North Dakota winter and she had her first brood, and
from that they slowly develop a county. And now it's
the point it's growing exponentially, having hundreds of insects, and

(33:28):
these guys are looking for food and they are getting
more aggressive this time here. So be careful, keep your
yard tidy. You know, if you've got fallen apple fruits,
be careful when you pick them up. You could pick
up a little yellow jacket or one. This could be
a bee here because it's got a little fuzz on it.
But gotta be careful. If you look, you can sometimes

(33:50):
find the nest. Huh, that's a hornet nest. And that's extreme.

Speaker 1 (33:54):
That's huge. At least it looks huge in your photo.

Speaker 4 (33:57):
It's false. It's you know, it's the fall or you
know it's the full. Uh, that's as big as it's
gonna get. And uh, you know, again there can be
hundreds of hornets in that nest. And again it all
started from nothing this year and hopefully it's just out
there by itself and don't have to worry about it. Now.
Those hornets they're gonna spend their whole life in that nest.

(34:18):
And that mother, the queen, and her and her girls,
they're all gonna stand up there and they're gonna die
they're gonna, you know, stand together until they die together
from a hard frost. She will produce a few queens
and some men to serve the queens before before everything

(34:39):
freezes out though. But but it's it's gonna be there,
and it's gonna that nest is going to die out.
But you also you can see the entrance wal at
the bottom of the this it's quite beautiful paper mache.

Speaker 1 (34:50):
It looks like that.

Speaker 4 (34:51):
Right now this nest is not quite so beautiful. It's
a it's a hole in the dirt. It's just dirt hole.
It's nothing there, but that's like yellow g it's off
the nests in the ground, so it could be something something,
And you got the guards there checking out, guarding off
the nests. Hopefully the nest is out of the way
so you don't worry about it. But sometimes the the

(35:15):
queen makes a nest in a very very dangerous place
for us, where there's a lot of traffic, for example,
and in those cases we really got to take action
to protect ourselves because these you know, a wasp is
now like a bee. A bee is docile. A bee
doesn't want to sting you. When a bee stings you,
it dies. You know, it's like a kamikaze just because

(35:39):
it's got a hook on its stinger, and so when
it flies out, the hook gets rips out, its stinger
gets ripped out of the body, and the bee dies.
But with wasp that's it. It doesn't have a hook,
so it can just sting and sting and sting and sting,
and so you get don multiple times from loss. So
just kind of sum up the wash. Their populations are

(36:01):
soaring right now, and they can aggressively scavenge at this
time you are for food and drink, and they can
be very protective of their of their hives so to speak,
or their colony, and they can sting you multiple times.
So very important that you don't that you just keep
everything clean, so seal up your garbage cans, don't give

(36:24):
them access to food, keep the outdoor gathering space is tidy.
And be careful whenever you eat outdoors this time here,
because maybe when you take a drink of your favorite
beverage you may get a jolt like a jolt colas
or to speak, ultra jolt cola. There you go, So
got to be careful. I hear they like Mountain do

(36:45):
the best they have.

Speaker 1 (36:47):
It has like the most sugar.

Speaker 4 (36:50):
Yeah, it's got that kind of fruity stuff going on.
But anyhow, but gotta be careful. So the most part
things just avoid the wasp. But you can just leave
the nest alone. They're going to die from frost and
the nest is never going to be used again. And
here's the nest already starting to fall apart in the
early winter, so it's just going to completely collapse, never

(37:12):
going to be used again.

Speaker 1 (37:14):
Queen hit it like a pinata or anything.

Speaker 4 (37:19):
No, listen, can I just say something, sure, do not
treat a hornet nest like a pinata? Well you want
to die?

Speaker 1 (37:35):
I meant like they're not, you know, late fall, early.

Speaker 4 (37:38):
Winter, if anything's alive.

Speaker 1 (37:39):
Yet, got of candies coming out today?

Speaker 4 (37:42):
Yeah, God be bad, don't do so. But if you
got a wasp nest it's in a high traffick area,
let me teach you how to kill them. Yeah, okay,
so you gotta attack at night. All the wasp they're
in the nest that night. Okay, they all go home
to sleep and they're not aggressive and cold temperature, so

(38:07):
pick a cold night for your attack. When attempts in
the fifties. Most important, show respect to your enemy. Show
respect because they are they can be very dangerous. So
start with your battle battle gear. Wear protective clothing like
a hat, like you don't want to get the wasp
flying into your like my lovely locks of hair, and

(38:28):
I don't want that to happen, and so uh, and
long sleeved shirts, long trousers and you know, tuck your
socks over the trousers. So uh, get up the pant
like you don't want that to happen. So again, we're
gonna go to night, scout it out. Okay, there you are,
I see you, I see that nest. I'm gonna get you. Okay,

(38:49):
wait for a cold night, and then take action. So
if it's an above ground nest like those hornet nests,
use a knockdown wasp killing spray. Here's an example raid.
Or there's lots of spectra side. Okay, I'm gonna just
go there, quick strike target entrance hole. Just spray that

(39:10):
sucker entrance hole. I'm gonna soak it and run like
the wind. I am not gonna sit there and say wow,
I wonder if I did, wonder if I got it all?
You know, that's right, I'm gonna even I'm not gonna
I'm gonna have a flashlight barely even even show them
the light. I just want to find that entrance hole.
I'm gonna soak that sucker and get the heck out
of here. And then the next day or the day

(39:33):
after that, I'm gonna go see how successful I was,
because they got to come in and out of the
nest during the day light hours, so they'll if you
didn't get it all, they're gonna you're gonna see the
actions still continue. Then you got to have a repeat performance. Now, Okay,
So here's an example. Soak that hole and get out
of there. Now. If it's one of those blowground nests,

(39:54):
I think dust is the most effective way to do
with the blow ground nest and instead exercise dust like
seven is widely used. And you can use the knockdown spray,
but you got you gotta get that spray down into
the hole. So usually it works best to have like
to dump some dust in there, and then the dust

(40:14):
will naturally coat around the edges of the dirt as
in the in the hole and uh and so the
insects will get exposed to the insect aside so to
sprinkles some of that dust in there, or you can
if if it's you can even use like a turkey
baster or like go to the dour store get a
one time use turkey base or loaded up with seven

(40:37):
and shoot it in there if you want. Do not
seal the hole. Do not seal the hole. We want
them to continue using the hole, but they'll be exposed
to the dust when they use the hole. But again,
dust and run. Just get and especially with a dust
because that's not a knockdown killer. It's gonna it's gonna
kill him after maybe a few minutes. But you know

(40:58):
we're talking about you know second, Okay, I'm gonna I
want to take action and get the heck out of there.

Speaker 1 (41:04):
Okay, make sure your shoes are laced up.

Speaker 4 (41:07):
Good, huh, I don't fall down, okay. And last thing
about traps. Traps kind of make me feel good because
I kind of like watching, Like I remember in an
apartment had a lot of wasp proms outside. I hung
up a trap and I used to that was a
very simple person back then, and I would watch the
wasp enter into the trap. Kind of feel good that

(41:28):
it was like I got you now, I got it
and they can't find their way out. It was kind
of fun. And mountain dew is good or some protein
source like they say, like cat food's good for that.
But yeah, but the problem is it kind of see like,
oh gosh, look at that. I bet I killed the
hunter dome. You made almost no impact. You didn't kill
the queen, and you just put a dent in the population.

(41:52):
The traps, really, I mean, they're better than nothing, but
it's better to find the home and attack the home.

Speaker 1 (42:03):
Are they attracted to? Like the sticky traps that people
hanging for flies, Those are completely in fact any.

Speaker 4 (42:10):
Effective that's not going to get if they're in They're
not going to get into your house, no, I know.

Speaker 1 (42:17):
But like you know, sometimes bars or something. Yeah, forget it,
sticky traps.

Speaker 4 (42:25):
No, sticky traps will work for our next uh insect invader. Cricket.
Crickets are chirping right now. They're really going after and
don't you like chirping.

Speaker 1 (42:38):
We have talked about this. I really if I can
hear cricket in my house, I have to find him
or her.

Speaker 4 (42:47):
Well, if they're chirping it to him.

Speaker 1 (42:50):
I have to find man.

Speaker 4 (42:51):
Sometimes what's just like a love story. It's a man
seen serenading.

Speaker 1 (42:58):
My kids are the only ones who can sing them.
House no extra.

Speaker 4 (43:01):
Room, Yeah well, I don't know. Don't worry about it.
As soon as we get a hard frost, i'll be
gone too. But we just got to deal with it. Okay,
I'm gonna keep moving here. Crickets they can cause harm
to your natural fabrics like can cotton and linen silks,
especial if they're all sweaty. They really like that. They

(43:22):
really taste delicious sweaty fabrics. So one way to minimize
crickets is get rid of the brush around the house
because that's what they like. Give were the debris in
the firewood. And also crickets are attracted to outdoor lights,
so'll reduce your outdoor lighting. But again, the thing about
crickets is if to get in your house, it's just

(43:44):
gonna fade away. It's not going to reproduce. You're not
gonna have a cricket infestational winter. It's just gonna be
a poor guy will finally get tired seen that there's
no women around, and they'll just wither away. Now, since
you hate crickets so much, Kelsey, make sure you seal
gaps around your home foundation, any doorways, windows or out

(44:08):
pipes that go outdoors, you know, because they got to
get in the house through some crevice, So seal those crevices,
you know, with cockying steel wool. That's the most important
way to control all these nuisance insects like box elder
bugs too. And then if you want to, you can
spring in sack aside like a ten foot swath around
your home. And there's lots of chemicals on the market

(44:31):
that will get the job for These are synthetic chemicals
that are very effective, give you about a week up
to two weeks of protection. So that's that's the other thing.

Speaker 2 (44:42):
Now.

Speaker 4 (44:42):
The last thing I'm just going to wrap here quickly
is that do you have any questions about insects? No?

Speaker 1 (44:48):
I got got the.

Speaker 4 (44:50):
Did you hear about the you can tell the temperature
by the sturbing rate? Have you heard that one?

Speaker 1 (44:56):
I feel like you've shared it, but I don't know
the answer today.

Speaker 4 (45:00):
If you count the number of cricks over a fifteen
second period and add forty that's approximately the temperature. Because
those men they crick more when it's hot.

Speaker 1 (45:13):
There you go, oh colder.

Speaker 4 (45:15):
It's not. It's just like this is kind of folklore
a little bit. Now, don't don't go nuts about it.
I mean, don't. It's but it's kind of a fun thing. Yeah,
Crickets are fun. I mean it's kind of fun. It's
kind of like, Yeah, I've stepped on quite a few.
They get in my basement. I don't know how, but

(45:36):
I don't know. Yeah, just step on them.

Speaker 1 (45:38):
They find their ways.

Speaker 4 (45:39):
Yeah, or they're just looking for warmth, looking for love.
That's what life's about. Okay. A couple last things real
quick here. It's early September. Now it's the best time
to fertilize your lawn. Okay, Now, it's time right before
the roots grow. The key to a great lawn is
a thick, deep root system. So if you're going to

(46:02):
fertilize one time a year, right now, early September is
the best time to do it. Okay, really the best
time to do it, and just use like a wind
Riser fertilizer. Hopefully it has some slow release nitrogen in it.
But yeah, it's like a like a twenty five three
ten something around there. Twenty five is the first number,

(46:23):
that's the nitrogen that's the most important And the last
thing I want to share about I got this picture
from Fargo. This is from there. Someone grew a tomato
plant in a container with their Fargo municipal compost and
so you see like this Space Invader tomato. It's got
like those tubes coming out of the fruits and the

(46:45):
leaves are all curled. But I just included to just
give you guys a heads up that that the compost
from municipalities, it can be risky to use because some
of that that comes from grass clippings and you don't
know what those grass clippings were treated with, and it's
it's just risky to use that stuff. So be very

(47:08):
cautious about using that type of compost.

Speaker 1 (47:13):
I've never seen those are nodules.

Speaker 4 (47:16):
Isn't that weird? I never saw it before. I never
saw an impact on the fruits. I always see the leaves. Yeah,
that's like so weird, man, it does it's nuts.

Speaker 1 (47:27):
Looks crazy.

Speaker 4 (47:28):
True story. You know.

Speaker 1 (47:29):
I was gonna say, just because this morning I had
a call come in. Our NBSU extension website does have
some good articles on you know, best time to fertilize
is around Labor Day, right, I had to put article.

Speaker 4 (47:43):
I was like yesterday Labor Day.

Speaker 1 (47:47):
So you're right on time, right on time. Yeah, there's
a lot of good articles, I think, written by yourself
out there on our website, Only lawn Care. And I
had a gentleman all this morning. He wanted to add
it to his binder. So there you go, shout out
to good articles out there. All right, Well, keep it
going on our lawns. I'm gonna talk about again our

(48:09):
story that's been the last couple of weeks of with
the rain. So I'm gonna talk about the fungus in
our lawns, all right. So I know you were going
to talk about this one today and I said, well,
I'm talking about two others. Let's just throw it in right, Russ.
I haven't had any myself. I haven't had any specific
calls on rust.

Speaker 4 (48:30):
Maybe you've it's in my own yard.

Speaker 1 (48:33):
Oh hey, well I should I ask you for a
picture instead of trying to go find one. Yeah. So again,
this is gonna be a fungal disease that from a
distance passes your lawns to kind of look yellow or orangish.
It's gonna thrive in our sixty eight to eighty five
degree temperatures, and again, if you have that prolonged leaf
wetness is the right environmental conditions for it to start up.

(49:00):
A kind of harder to see, but if you are
viewing this on the TV, you can actually see. Just
like when I talked about the cottonwood rust a couple
of weeks ago and stuff, you can see that individual
little powder on those leaves.

Speaker 4 (49:13):
So yeah, you see it on your shoes. That's what happens.
You mow the lawn and your shoes are orange afterwards, and.

Speaker 1 (49:19):
You go, I didn't need any Cheetos today.

Speaker 4 (49:22):
That is exactly it. You are, correct?

Speaker 1 (49:27):
Did you like when your kids were growing up, where
you ever like, I'm going to show you some cool science.
Take them out there. The kids don't care careless.

Speaker 4 (49:37):
They don't care about I can see on YouTube. They
won't even go outside with me once we're playing baseball
or something. You know.

Speaker 1 (49:47):
Okay, so what do we do about it? The biggest
thing is is let's just reduce the stress in your lawn.
Rust is something that you can see even midsummer when
when our lawns are kind of under stress. So make
sure we're at that taller height around that at least
three three and a half inches. Avoid the night watering.
I just tell people to like, don't be watering early

(50:09):
in the morning either when there's that do still honor
our on our blades and stuff. Some people are out
there mowing around for a excuse me watering watering at
early hours like that too.

Speaker 4 (50:22):
Four am. Yeah, well, yeah, I think that the reason
why I often see it this time youre has to
do with those heavy dues. It's likely that it's it's
very common now rather to be dew on your grass
in the evening and early morning and rush just rise
on having a time water. That's right. So that's why

(50:45):
I usually see it right now this time year.

Speaker 1 (50:50):
Avoid any light frequent watering. So just like we say
all the time, let's make sure you know we're watering
deep and thoroughly and infrequently through a week when we
are irrigating our lawn. And then of course to make
sure you're fertilizing appropriately. Any ones that are like deficiencies
within the lawns, they're gonna be the ones that you

(51:11):
see that fungus hit first as well.

Speaker 4 (51:14):
That's right. Hungry lawn is gonna get rust yep, So
so give your lawn some fertilizer. We just talked about
that right now, and then if you can collect the clippings,
if you can, if it's feasible, just to get that
rust out of your lawn. And it's not a killer.
It's like I say, it just makes your shoes turned orange.

(51:36):
But lawn should get out of it within a couple
of weeks.

Speaker 1 (51:40):
Yeah, yeah, see some improvement, that's right. Okay. The next one,
I have had a couple of calls on this. This
one is always interesting to me because I just think
it's cool looking personally. So red thread. Again, this is
going to be our turf grass disease we're going to have.
You know, it affects our cool seasoned grasses during that
forty to seventy five degree fahrenheit temperatures. Big thing to

(52:03):
know about this one. It does not affect the roots,
and so our lawns usually recover after that favorable fungi
fungal growth conditions subside. So again we have the perfect
environment going on for that, but you should see that
subside once those conditions change. So this one is a
photo I took several years ago and stuff. But what

(52:27):
you kind of see is you'll notice these like tan
spots within your lawn kind of like scorch patches around
four to eight inches. And then this next picture I'm
gonna show you have these reddish kind of pinkish threads
on the blade, which I think is interesting, like dropping,
you know, like sewing thread out on your lawn or

(52:48):
maybe like spray what is that silly silly string spray
kind of. Yeah, so you can see this, get some
pictures I took here and see close up of the
blades on the left hand there. I circled it so
you guys could see kind of that bunch of it.
And then on the right side as well, and it's
right on the tan blades as well. So I think

(53:11):
it's just cool looking.

Speaker 4 (53:12):
You got to get on your knees to see it.

Speaker 1 (53:14):
Yeah, I'm not gonna see it for Pa Tastin. Yeah.
The the picture on the right actually came in well,
it would have been right after that a couple of
weeks ago, after our large rainstorm that we had, and
this person actually was out on vacation and came back
and said, what is going on with all this pink
stuff in my lawn? Yeah, so again, what do we

(53:37):
do about this one? Just again biggest things. Avoid that
prolonged leaf wetness. Make sure that you're watering deeply infrequently.
There are funder sides available, but a lot of times
they're not anything that's necessary to use. I would just
let the conditions and mother nature blades course on this one.

Speaker 4 (53:59):
That's yeah. I think like if fund sides only, it's
not going to cure the problem. Right, it can help.
I'll give you some protection from spreading, but only going
to give you like a couple of weeks of protection
if you and if you don't change the conditions, like
let's say I'm still watering, you know, I'm trying on

(54:19):
my sprinklers three times a week at night, then the
red thread is just gonna come right back. So you
really you got to look at the cultural practices and
see what am I doing wrong? Or you know, am
I cutting? Am I mowing too low? Too much nitrogen?
What's going on? And so the fun inside really isn't
the isn't really this the solution. Got to look at

(54:40):
the big picture, that's right, And so I almost never
recommend a fund inside for lawns. Try to try to
understand what's the what's causing the problem, and then what's
correct that, and then the disease won't won't appear anymore.

Speaker 1 (54:54):
Okay, the last one I'm going to talk about today
is dollar spot, and I've had a few of these
come in and so symptoms. Here's a nice picture of it. Again,
you're gonna see this one most frequently seen with a
nitrogen deficient lawn. So again, if you don't know what
your lawn levels are at, maybe consider doing a soil
test so you are appropriately fertilizing. It going to develop

(55:18):
with those right conditions that we've been having, those daytime
temperatures between sixty and eighty degrees fahrenheit and then the
cool evenings of heavy dew, you'll see kind of those
bleached white spots like you see in the photo. They
start out about the size of a dime and then
they can go to silver dollar. It looks like I
didn't finish my sentence on this one, but they can
actually get into large patches as well. Then, So what

(55:43):
to know. This is a fungus that actually lies dormant
in thatch. Like I said previously, when our environmental conditions
are right, then it develops. Again. This is going to
be something that primarily just affects the foliage of our grass.
So go again, what to do? What what I've I

(56:03):
been saying this whole time. We just want to avoid
any leaf wetness, make sure you're watering appropriately, prevent any
thatch build up if you think that's an issue. And
then again not recommending the fungicides, but those fungicides are
out there as a tool for yourself if needed.

Speaker 4 (56:20):
So check your thatch, you know. Get you got to
get out there with like a knife or a shovel,
small shovel and dig and that is like a brown
matted layer between the black dirt and the green grass blades.
If that is an inch or more, it wouldn't hurt
to get a core aeration done. Yeah this month. That's

(56:44):
often a problem in a thick lawn. Yeah, I'm got
to check that thatch. I always check for a thatched
problem when I go out and look at a stick
lawn and it's off in there. It kind of feels
spongy when you walk on it too. Too. Well, I
could see how that control because what it does is
the that chokes off the a whare the roots can

(57:07):
get into the soil and get the nutree and water
that it needs. But again watering again, water infrequently, you know,
once or twice a week, and in the morning, but
not maybe four am. But because you want to want
to minimize the time the lease are wet.

Speaker 1 (57:25):
There you go, and then avoid walking too. Don't be
walking around in your yard if you got that stuff
can spread too, right when it's wet.

Speaker 4 (57:35):
Yeah, yep, that's right.

Speaker 1 (57:38):
I mean, I don't think anybody's doing yard work at four,
but I don't know. Maybe you start a walk out
in the morning.

Speaker 4 (57:45):
Not sure, No, No, I don't walk in the I
don't walk in my lawn at four in the morning.
My lawn's like a coarse crested wheat crass. It's not
very it's not very uh nice to walk on. Yeah,
but that's all good, solid. But also listen, talk a

(58:08):
lot of negative things today. I really don't like it.
Breaking news wasn't a good thing. No got a new
past is going to rampage the stage we're going we
talk about these problems, diseases and stuff. But when it
comes to lawns, your lawn is going to get better now,
it's going to be happier. Now. Your lawn is not mad,

(58:29):
your lawn lona is happy. Your lna smiling.

Speaker 1 (58:31):
Now, excited about those temperatures.

Speaker 4 (58:33):
That's right, and uh so give it a little food
and it's really going to be happy. So I want
to leave on a positive note saying our lawns are
happy now.

Speaker 1 (58:43):
Happy now, and relax.

Speaker 4 (58:45):
The conditions are to change, that's right, starting tomorrow.

Speaker 1 (58:50):
Okay. Well, with that, we would just want to thank
you guys as always for joining us on today's episode
of Dacoda Growing, and hope you continue to join us
for future episodes.

Speaker 2 (59:01):
Dakota Growing is a gardening show brought to you by
Dakota Media Access and NDSU Extension. We discuss a variety
of timely topics pertaining to your landscape, along with giving
you tips and advice for your lawn, garden and trees.
If you have questions, call seven oh one two two
one six eight sixty five or email NDSU dot Burley

(59:21):
dot Extension at NDSU dot com.

Speaker 3 (59:24):
Dakota Growing airs on Radio Access one oh two point
five FM, Community Access Channel twelve or six twelve HD,
or online at free tv dot org