Martian Invasion: When Radio Fiction Sparked Real Panic

On October 30th, 1938, Orson Welles and his Mercury Theatre on the Air broadcast a radio adaptation of H.G. Wells' novel "The War of the Worlds," which caused widespread panic among listeners who believed the fictional Martian invasion was a real news broadcast.

The one-hour program began with an introduction by Orson Welles, followed by a series of simulated news bulletins that described the landing of Martian spacecraft in Grover's Mill, New Jersey, and their subsequent attacks on the area. The realistic nature of the broadcast, complete with sound effects and interrupted musical performances, led many listeners to believe that the events described were actually occurring.

Panic spread quickly as people fled their homes, packed the highways, and flooded police stations and newspaper offices with calls. Some even reported seeing the Martian invaders or smelling the poison gas they allegedly released. In the days following the broadcast, there were reports of suicides, heart attacks, and miscarriages attributed to the fear and panic caused by the program.

The reaction to the broadcast led to a national outcry against Welles and the CBS radio network. Welles claimed that he had no idea the program would cause such panic and that the disclaimer at the beginning of the broadcast made it clear that it was a fictional dramatization. Nevertheless, the incident raised questions about the power and responsibility of mass media.

The "War of the Worlds" broadcast remains a landmark event in radio history and a cautionary tale about the blurring of fiction and reality in media. It also launched the career of Orson Welles, who went on to become one of the most influential filmmakers of all time with movies like "Citizen Kane" (1941) and "Touch of Evil" (1958).

The incident has inspired numerous adaptations, homages, and parodies over the years, including the 1975 television movie "The Night That Panicked America," an episode of the TV series "American Experience" in 2013, and even a 2019 BBC radio adaptation set in the present day. The legacy of the "War of the Worlds" broadcast continues to resonate as a reminder of the power of storytelling and the importance of media literacy in an age of increasingly sophisticated and persuasive media technologies.


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Episode Transcript

Speaker 1 (00:00):
Welcome to this moment in film history, and let's get
rolling and find out what happened in film. On October thirtieth,
nineteen thirty eight, Orson Wells and his Mercury Theater on
the air broadcast of radio adaptation of H. G. Wells
novel The War of the Worlds, which caused widespread panic

(00:29):
among listeners who believed the fictional Martian invasion was a
real news broadcast. The one hour program began with an
introduction by Orson Wells, followed by a series of simulated
news bulletins that described the landing of Martian spacecraft in
Grover's Mill, New Jersey, and their subsequent attacks on the area.

(00:51):
The realistic nature of the broadcast, complete with sound effects
and interrupted musical performances, led many listeners to believe that
the events described were actually occurring. Panic spread quickly as
people fled their homes, packed the highways, and flooded police
stations and newspaper offices with calls. Some even reported seeing

(01:12):
the Martian invaders or smelling the poison gas they allegedly released.
In the days following the broadcast, there were reports of suicides,
heart attacks, and miscarriages attributed to the fear and panic
caused by the program. The reaction to the broadcast led
to a national outcry against Wells and the CDs radio network.

(01:33):
Wells claimed that he had no idea the program would
cause such panic, and that the disclaimer at the beginning
of the broadcast made it clear that it was a
fictional dramatization. Nevertheless, the incident raised questions about the power
and responsibility of mass media. The War of the World's
broadcast remains a landmark event in radio history and a
cautionary tale about the blurring of fiction and reality in media.

(01:56):
It also launched the career of Orson Wells, who went
on to become one of the most influential filmmakers of
all time with movies like Citizen Kane nineteen forty one
and Touch of Evil nineteen fifty eight. The incident has
inspired numerous adaptations, homages, and parodies over the years, including
the nineteen seventy five television movie The Night That Panicked America,

(02:17):
an episode of the TV series American Experience in two
thousand thirteen, and even a twenty nineteen BBC radio adaptation
set in the present day. The legacy of the War
of the Worlds broadcast continues to resonate as a reminder
of the power of storytelling and the importance of media
literacy in an age of increasingly sophisticated and persuasive media technologies,

(02:43):
and that is cut for this day in film history.
This has been a Quiet Please production. For more check
out Quiet Please dot Ai. Thank you for listening.