July 26, 2025 • 17 mins
Dive into the intriguing life of Emperor Charlemagne through the eyes of Notker, a monk who spun tales filled with amusing anecdotes and witty narratives. Despite traditional historians dismissing Notker as ill-informed, a number of his tales, including the enigmatic story of the nine rings of the Avar stronghold, have found their way into modern Charlemagne biographies. Written for Charles the Fat, Charlemagnes great-grandson, during his visit to Saint Gall in 883, this podcast presents a unique perspective on a monumental historical figure. (Summary abstracted from Wikipedia by Karen Merline.)
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Speaker 1 (00:01):
Section one of the Life of Charlemagne. This is a
LibriVox recording. All LibriVox recordings are in the public domain.
For more information or to volunteer, please visit LibriVox dot org.
The Life of Charlemagne by Knatger the Stammerer, translated by
(00:22):
Arthur James Grant. Section one, Book one, Part one. Book
one concerning the piety of Charles and his care of
the Church. After the omnipotent ruler of the world, who
orders alike the fate of kingdoms in the course of time,
had broken the feet of iron and clay in one
(00:43):
noble statue to wit the Romans, he raised, by the
hands of the illustrious Charles, the golden head of another
not less admirable among the Franks. Now it happened when
he had begun to reign alone in the western parts
of the world, and the pursuit of learning had been
and almost forgotten throughout all his realm, and the worship
(01:03):
of the True Godhead was faint and weak, that two
Scots came from Ireland to the coast of Gaul, along
with certain traders of Britain. These scotchmen were unrivaled for
their skill in sacred and secular learning. And day by day,
when the crowd gathered round them for traffic, they exhibited
no wares for sale, but cried out and said, ho,
(01:27):
every one that desires wisdom, let him draw near and
take it at our hands, for it is wisdom that
we have for sale. Now they declared that they had
wisdom for sale, because they said that the people cared
not for what was given freely, but only for what
was sold, hoping that thus they might be incited to
purchase wisdom along with other wares, and also perhaps hoping
(01:52):
that by this announcement they themselves might become a wonder
and a marvel to men, which indeed turned out to
be the case. For so long did they make their
proclamation that in the end, those who wondered at these men,
or perhaps thought them insane, brought the matter to the
ears of King Charles, who always loved and sought after wisdom.
(02:15):
Wherefore he ordered them to come with all speed into
his presence, and asked them whether it were true, as
Fame reported of them, that they had brought wisdom with them.
They answered, we both possess it and are ready to
give it in the name of God to those who
seek it worthily. Again, he asked them what price they
(02:37):
asked for it, and they answered, we asked no price,
o King, But we ask only for a fit place
for teaching, and quick minds to teach, and besides food
to eat and raiment to put on, for without these
we cannot accomplish our pilgrimage. This answer filled the king
(02:58):
with a great joy, and first she kept both of
them with him for a short time. But soon, when
he must needs go to war, he made one of them,
named Clement, reside in Gaul, and to him he sent
many boys, both of noble middle and humble birth, and
he ordered as much food to be given them as
they required, and he set aside for them buildings suitable
(03:20):
for study. But he sent the second scholar into Italy
and gave him the monastery of Saint Augustine near Pavia,
that all who wished might gather there to learn from him.
But when Albinus Alcoin, an Englishman, heard that that most
religious Emperor Charles gladly entertained wise men, he entered into
(03:41):
a ship and came to him. Now Albinus was skilled
in all learning beyond all others of our times, for
he was the disciple of that most learned priest Bede, who,
next to Saint Gregory, was the most skillful interpreter of
the scriptures. And Charles received Albiainus kindly and kept him
at his side to the end of his life, except
(04:04):
when he marched with his armies to his vast wars. Nay,
Charles would even call himself Albinus's disciple, and Albinus he
would call his master. He appointed him to rule over
the abbey of Saint Martin, near to the city of Tour,
so that when he himself was absent, Albinus might rest
(04:24):
there and teach those who had recourse to him, And
his teaching bore such fruit among his pupils that the
modern Gauls or Franks came to equal the ancient Romans
or Athenians. Then, when Charles came back after a long absence,
crowned with victory into Gaul, he ordered the boys whom
he had entrusted to Clement to come before him and
(04:47):
present to him letters and verses of their own composition. Now,
the boys of middle or low birth presented him with
writings garnished with the sweet savors of wisdom beyond all
that he could have hoped while those of the children
of noble parents were silly and tasteless. Then the most
wise Charles, imitating the judgment of the eternal Judge, gathered
(05:12):
together those who had done well upon his right hand,
and addressed them in these words, My children, you have
found much favor with me, because you have tried with
all your strength to carry out my orders and win
advantage for yourselves. Wherefore, now study to attain to perfection,
(05:32):
and I will give you bishoprics and splendid monasteries, and
you shall be always honorable in my eyes. Then he
turned severely to those who were gathered on his left, and,
smiting their consciences with the fire of his eyes, he
flung at them in scorn, these terrible words, which seemed
(05:53):
thunder rather than human speech. You nobles, you sons of
my chiefs, you super fine dandies. You have trusted to
your birth and your possessions, and have said it naught
my orders to your own advancement. You have neglected the
pursuit of learning, and you have given yourselves over to
luxury and sport, to idleness and profitless pastimes. Then solemnly
(06:18):
he raised his august head and his unconquered right hand
to the heavens, and thus thundered against them by the
King of Heaven. I take no account of your noble
birth and your fine looks. Though others may admire you
for them, know this for certain that unless you make
up for your former sloth by vigorous study, you will
(06:41):
never get any favor from Charles. Charles used to pick
out all the best writers and readers from among the
poor boys that I have spoken of, and transferred them
to his chapel. For that was the name that the
kings of the Franks gave to their private oratory, taking
the word from the Hope of Saint Martin, which they
(07:01):
always took with them in war for a defense against
their enemies. Now one day it was announced to this
most wary king, Charles, that a certain bishop was dead.
And when the king asked whether the dead bishop had
made any bequests for the good of his soul, the
messenger replied, Sir, he has bequeathed no more than two
(07:22):
pounds of silver. Thereupon, one of his chaplains, sighing and
no longer able to keep the thoughts of his mind
within his breast, spake in the hearing of the king
these words, that is a small provision for a long,
aun never ending journey. Then Charles, the mildest of men,
(07:45):
deliberated a space and said to the young man, do
you think, then, if you were to get the bishopric,
you would care to make more provision for that same
long journey. These cautious words fell upon the chaplain as
ripe grapes into the mouth of one who stands agape
for them, And he threw himself at the feet of
(08:07):
Charles and said, sir, the matter rests upon the will
of God and your own power, said the King, stand
behind the curtain that hangs behind me, and mark what
kind of help you would receive if you were raised
to that honor. Now, when the officers of the palace,
who were always on the watch for deaths or accidents,
(08:29):
heard that the bishop was dead, one and all of them,
impatient of delay and jealous of each other, began to
make suit for the bishopric through the friends of the Emperor.
But Charles still persisted, unmoved in his design. He refused
every one, and said that he would not disappoint his
young friend. At last, Queen Hildegarde sent some of the
(08:53):
nobles of the realm, and at last came in person
to beg the bishopric for a certain clerk of her own.
The Emperor received her petition very graciously and said that
he would not and could not deny her anything, but
that he thought it shame to deceive his little chaplain.
But still the queen woman like thought that a woman's
(09:15):
opinion and wish ought to outweigh the decrees of men,
and so she concealed the passion that was rising in
her heart. She sank her strong voice almost to a whisper,
and with caressing gestures, tried to soften the Emperor's unspoken mind.
My Sir and King, she said, what does it matter
(09:36):
if that boy does lose the bishopric? Nay, I beseech you,
sweet sir, my glory and my refuge, give it to
your faithful servant, my clerk. Then that young man, who
had heard the petitions from behind the curtain, closed to
the King's chair where he had been placed, embraced the
King through the curtain and cried, Sir, King, stand fast
(09:59):
and do not let any one take from you the
power that has been given you by God. Then that
strict lover of truth bade him come out, and said,
I intend you to have the bishopric, but you must
be very careful to spend more and make fuller provision
for that same long and unreturning journey, both for yourself
(10:23):
and for me. Now there was at the King's court
a certain mean and humble clerk, very deficient also in
a knowledge of letters. The most pious Charles pitied his poverty,
and though every one hated him and tried to drive
him from the court, he could never be persuaded to
turn him away or dismiss him. Therefrom Now it happened that,
(10:47):
on the eve of Saint Martin, the death of a
certain bishop was announced to the Emperor. He summoned one
of his clerks, a man of high birth and great learning,
and gave him the bishopric. The new bishop, thereupon, bursting
with joy, invited to his house many of the palace attendants,
and also received with great pomp many who came from
(11:08):
the diocese to greet him, And to all he gave
a superb banquet. It happened then that, loaded with food,
drenched with liquor, and buried in wine, he failed to
go to the evening service on that most solemn eve. Now,
it was the custom for the chief of the choir
to assign the day before to every one the responsory
(11:31):
or responsories, which they were to chant at night. The response, Lord,
if still I am useful to thy people, had fallen
to the lot of this man, who had the bishopric,
as it were, in his grasp. Well, he was absent.
And after the lesson a long pause followed, and each
man urged his neighbor to take up the responsory, and
(11:55):
each man answered that he was bound to chant only
what had been assigned to him. At last the Emperor said, come,
one of you must chant it. Then this mean clerk,
strengthened by some divine inspiration and encouraged by the command,
took upon himself the responsory. The kindly King, thinking that
(12:17):
he would not be able to chant the whole of it,
ordered the others to help him, and all began at
once to chant. But from none of them could the
poor creature learn the words. And when the response was finished,
he began to chant the Lord's prayer with the proper intonation.
Then every one wished to stop him, but the most
(12:38):
wise Charles wanted to see where he would get to,
and forbade any one to interfere with him. He finished
with thy kingdom come, and the rest willy nilly had
to take it up and say, thy will be done.
When the early lords were finished, the king went back
to his palace, or rather to his bed room, to
(12:59):
warm himself elf and dress for the coming festal ceremony.
He ordered that miserable servant and unpracticed chanter to come
into his presence. Who told you to chant that responsory?
He asked, Sir, you ordered some one to sing, said
the other, Well, said the king. The emperor was called
king at first? Who told you to begin in that
(13:21):
particular responsory? Then the poor creature, inspired as it is
thought by God, spoke as follows, in the fashion which
inferiors then used to superiors, whether for honor, appeal or flattery.
Blessed Lord, and blessing bestowing King. As I could not
find out the right verse from any one, I said
(13:43):
to myself that I should incur the anger of your
majesty if I introduced anything strange. So I determined to
intone something, the latter part of which usually came at
the end of the responsories. The kindly Emperor smiled gently
upon him, and thus spoke before all his nobles, that
(14:04):
proud man, who neither feared nor honored God or his king,
who had befriended him enough to refrain one night from
dissipation and be in his place to chant. The response,
which I am told fell to his share is by
God's decree and mine deprived of his bishopric, you shall
take it, for God gives it you, and I allow it,
(14:26):
and be sure to administer it according to canonical and
apostolic rules. When another prince of the Church died, the
Emperor appointed a young man in his place. When the
bishop designate came out of the palace to take his departure,
his servants, with all the decorum that was due to
a bishop, brought forward a horse and steps to mount it.
(14:48):
But he took it amiss that they should treat him
as though he were decrepit, and leaped from the ground
on to the horse's back with such violence that he
nearly fell off on the other side. The king looked
from the steps of the palace and had him summoned,
and thus addressed him, My good sir, you are nimble
and quick, agile and headstrong. You know yourself that the
(15:11):
calm of our empire is disturbed on all sides by
the tempests of many wars. Wherefore I want a priest
like you at my court. Remain therefore as an associate
in my labors, as long as you can mount your
horse with such agility. While I was speaking about the
arrangement of the responses, I forgot to speak about the
(15:33):
rules for reading, and I must devote a few words
to that subject. Here in the palace of the most
learned Charles, there was no one to apportion to each
reader the passages that were to be read. No one
put a seal at the end of the passage, or
made ever such a little mark with his finger nail.
But all had to make themselves so well acquainted with
(15:55):
the passage which was set down for reading, that if
they were suddenly called on to read, they could perform
their duty without incurring his censure. He indicated whom he
wished to read by pointing his finger or his staff,
or by sending some one of those who were sitting
close by him to those at a distance. He marked
the end of the reading by a guttural sound, and
(16:17):
all watched so intently for this mark, that whether it
came at the end of a sentence, or in the
middle of a clause or a sub clause. None dared
go on for an instant, however strange the beginning or
the end might seem. And thus it came to pass
that all in the palace were excellent readers, even if
(16:38):
they did not understand what they read. No foreigner, and
no celebrity dared enter his choir unless he could read
and chant end of Section one
Section one of the Life of Charlemagne. This is a
LibriVox recording. All LibriVox recordings are in the public domain.
For more information or to volunteer, please visit LibriVox dot org.
The Life of Charlemagne by Knatger the Stammerer, translated by
(00:22):
Arthur James Grant. Section one, Book one, Part one. Book
one concerning the piety of Charles and his care of
the Church. After the omnipotent ruler of the world, who
orders alike the fate of kingdoms in the course of time,
had broken the feet of iron and clay in one
(00:43):
noble statue to wit the Romans, he raised, by the
hands of the illustrious Charles, the golden head of another
not less admirable among the Franks. Now it happened when
he had begun to reign alone in the western parts
of the world, and the pursuit of learning had been
and almost forgotten throughout all his realm, and the worship
(01:03):
of the True Godhead was faint and weak, that two
Scots came from Ireland to the coast of Gaul, along
with certain traders of Britain. These scotchmen were unrivaled for
their skill in sacred and secular learning. And day by day,
when the crowd gathered round them for traffic, they exhibited
no wares for sale, but cried out and said, ho,
(01:27):
every one that desires wisdom, let him draw near and
take it at our hands, for it is wisdom that
we have for sale. Now they declared that they had
wisdom for sale, because they said that the people cared
not for what was given freely, but only for what
was sold, hoping that thus they might be incited to
purchase wisdom along with other wares, and also perhaps hoping
(01:52):
that by this announcement they themselves might become a wonder
and a marvel to men, which indeed turned out to
be the case. For so long did they make their
proclamation that in the end, those who wondered at these men,
or perhaps thought them insane, brought the matter to the
ears of King Charles, who always loved and sought after wisdom.
(02:15):
Wherefore he ordered them to come with all speed into
his presence, and asked them whether it were true, as
Fame reported of them, that they had brought wisdom with them.
They answered, we both possess it and are ready to
give it in the name of God to those who
seek it worthily. Again, he asked them what price they
(02:37):
asked for it, and they answered, we asked no price,
o King, But we ask only for a fit place
for teaching, and quick minds to teach, and besides food
to eat and raiment to put on, for without these
we cannot accomplish our pilgrimage. This answer filled the king
(02:58):
with a great joy, and first she kept both of
them with him for a short time. But soon, when
he must needs go to war, he made one of them,
named Clement, reside in Gaul, and to him he sent
many boys, both of noble middle and humble birth, and
he ordered as much food to be given them as
they required, and he set aside for them buildings suitable
(03:20):
for study. But he sent the second scholar into Italy
and gave him the monastery of Saint Augustine near Pavia,
that all who wished might gather there to learn from him.
But when Albinus Alcoin, an Englishman, heard that that most
religious Emperor Charles gladly entertained wise men, he entered into
(03:41):
a ship and came to him. Now Albinus was skilled
in all learning beyond all others of our times, for
he was the disciple of that most learned priest Bede, who,
next to Saint Gregory, was the most skillful interpreter of
the scriptures. And Charles received Albiainus kindly and kept him
at his side to the end of his life, except
(04:04):
when he marched with his armies to his vast wars. Nay,
Charles would even call himself Albinus's disciple, and Albinus he
would call his master. He appointed him to rule over
the abbey of Saint Martin, near to the city of Tour,
so that when he himself was absent, Albinus might rest
(04:24):
there and teach those who had recourse to him, And
his teaching bore such fruit among his pupils that the
modern Gauls or Franks came to equal the ancient Romans
or Athenians. Then, when Charles came back after a long absence,
crowned with victory into Gaul, he ordered the boys whom
he had entrusted to Clement to come before him and
(04:47):
present to him letters and verses of their own composition. Now,
the boys of middle or low birth presented him with
writings garnished with the sweet savors of wisdom beyond all
that he could have hoped while those of the children
of noble parents were silly and tasteless. Then the most
wise Charles, imitating the judgment of the eternal Judge, gathered
(05:12):
together those who had done well upon his right hand,
and addressed them in these words, My children, you have
found much favor with me, because you have tried with
all your strength to carry out my orders and win
advantage for yourselves. Wherefore, now study to attain to perfection,
(05:32):
and I will give you bishoprics and splendid monasteries, and
you shall be always honorable in my eyes. Then he
turned severely to those who were gathered on his left, and,
smiting their consciences with the fire of his eyes, he
flung at them in scorn, these terrible words, which seemed
(05:53):
thunder rather than human speech. You nobles, you sons of
my chiefs, you super fine dandies. You have trusted to
your birth and your possessions, and have said it naught
my orders to your own advancement. You have neglected the
pursuit of learning, and you have given yourselves over to
luxury and sport, to idleness and profitless pastimes. Then solemnly
(06:18):
he raised his august head and his unconquered right hand
to the heavens, and thus thundered against them by the
King of Heaven. I take no account of your noble
birth and your fine looks. Though others may admire you
for them, know this for certain that unless you make
up for your former sloth by vigorous study, you will
(06:41):
never get any favor from Charles. Charles used to pick
out all the best writers and readers from among the
poor boys that I have spoken of, and transferred them
to his chapel. For that was the name that the
kings of the Franks gave to their private oratory, taking
the word from the Hope of Saint Martin, which they
(07:01):
always took with them in war for a defense against
their enemies. Now one day it was announced to this
most wary king, Charles, that a certain bishop was dead.
And when the king asked whether the dead bishop had
made any bequests for the good of his soul, the
messenger replied, Sir, he has bequeathed no more than two
(07:22):
pounds of silver. Thereupon, one of his chaplains, sighing and
no longer able to keep the thoughts of his mind
within his breast, spake in the hearing of the king
these words, that is a small provision for a long,
aun never ending journey. Then Charles, the mildest of men,
(07:45):
deliberated a space and said to the young man, do
you think, then, if you were to get the bishopric,
you would care to make more provision for that same
long journey. These cautious words fell upon the chaplain as
ripe grapes into the mouth of one who stands agape
for them, And he threw himself at the feet of
(08:07):
Charles and said, sir, the matter rests upon the will
of God and your own power, said the King, stand
behind the curtain that hangs behind me, and mark what
kind of help you would receive if you were raised
to that honor. Now, when the officers of the palace,
who were always on the watch for deaths or accidents,
(08:29):
heard that the bishop was dead, one and all of them,
impatient of delay and jealous of each other, began to
make suit for the bishopric through the friends of the Emperor.
But Charles still persisted, unmoved in his design. He refused
every one, and said that he would not disappoint his
young friend. At last, Queen Hildegarde sent some of the
(08:53):
nobles of the realm, and at last came in person
to beg the bishopric for a certain clerk of her own.
The Emperor received her petition very graciously and said that
he would not and could not deny her anything, but
that he thought it shame to deceive his little chaplain.
But still the queen woman like thought that a woman's
(09:15):
opinion and wish ought to outweigh the decrees of men,
and so she concealed the passion that was rising in
her heart. She sank her strong voice almost to a whisper,
and with caressing gestures, tried to soften the Emperor's unspoken mind.
My Sir and King, she said, what does it matter
(09:36):
if that boy does lose the bishopric? Nay, I beseech you,
sweet sir, my glory and my refuge, give it to
your faithful servant, my clerk. Then that young man, who
had heard the petitions from behind the curtain, closed to
the King's chair where he had been placed, embraced the
King through the curtain and cried, Sir, King, stand fast
(09:59):
and do not let any one take from you the
power that has been given you by God. Then that
strict lover of truth bade him come out, and said,
I intend you to have the bishopric, but you must
be very careful to spend more and make fuller provision
for that same long and unreturning journey, both for yourself
(10:23):
and for me. Now there was at the King's court
a certain mean and humble clerk, very deficient also in
a knowledge of letters. The most pious Charles pitied his poverty,
and though every one hated him and tried to drive
him from the court, he could never be persuaded to
turn him away or dismiss him. Therefrom Now it happened that,
(10:47):
on the eve of Saint Martin, the death of a
certain bishop was announced to the Emperor. He summoned one
of his clerks, a man of high birth and great learning,
and gave him the bishopric. The new bishop, thereupon, bursting
with joy, invited to his house many of the palace attendants,
and also received with great pomp many who came from
(11:08):
the diocese to greet him, And to all he gave
a superb banquet. It happened then that, loaded with food,
drenched with liquor, and buried in wine, he failed to
go to the evening service on that most solemn eve. Now,
it was the custom for the chief of the choir
to assign the day before to every one the responsory
(11:31):
or responsories, which they were to chant at night. The response, Lord,
if still I am useful to thy people, had fallen
to the lot of this man, who had the bishopric,
as it were, in his grasp. Well, he was absent.
And after the lesson a long pause followed, and each
man urged his neighbor to take up the responsory, and
(11:55):
each man answered that he was bound to chant only
what had been assigned to him. At last the Emperor said, come,
one of you must chant it. Then this mean clerk,
strengthened by some divine inspiration and encouraged by the command,
took upon himself the responsory. The kindly King, thinking that
(12:17):
he would not be able to chant the whole of it,
ordered the others to help him, and all began at
once to chant. But from none of them could the
poor creature learn the words. And when the response was finished,
he began to chant the Lord's prayer with the proper intonation.
Then every one wished to stop him, but the most
(12:38):
wise Charles wanted to see where he would get to,
and forbade any one to interfere with him. He finished
with thy kingdom come, and the rest willy nilly had
to take it up and say, thy will be done.
When the early lords were finished, the king went back
to his palace, or rather to his bed room, to
(12:59):
warm himself elf and dress for the coming festal ceremony.
He ordered that miserable servant and unpracticed chanter to come
into his presence. Who told you to chant that responsory?
He asked, Sir, you ordered some one to sing, said
the other, Well, said the king. The emperor was called
king at first? Who told you to begin in that
(13:21):
particular responsory? Then the poor creature, inspired as it is
thought by God, spoke as follows, in the fashion which
inferiors then used to superiors, whether for honor, appeal or flattery.
Blessed Lord, and blessing bestowing King. As I could not
find out the right verse from any one, I said
(13:43):
to myself that I should incur the anger of your
majesty if I introduced anything strange. So I determined to
intone something, the latter part of which usually came at
the end of the responsories. The kindly Emperor smiled gently
upon him, and thus spoke before all his nobles, that
(14:04):
proud man, who neither feared nor honored God or his king,
who had befriended him enough to refrain one night from
dissipation and be in his place to chant. The response,
which I am told fell to his share is by
God's decree and mine deprived of his bishopric, you shall
take it, for God gives it you, and I allow it,
(14:26):
and be sure to administer it according to canonical and
apostolic rules. When another prince of the Church died, the
Emperor appointed a young man in his place. When the
bishop designate came out of the palace to take his departure,
his servants, with all the decorum that was due to
a bishop, brought forward a horse and steps to mount it.
(14:48):
But he took it amiss that they should treat him
as though he were decrepit, and leaped from the ground
on to the horse's back with such violence that he
nearly fell off on the other side. The king looked
from the steps of the palace and had him summoned,
and thus addressed him, My good sir, you are nimble
and quick, agile and headstrong. You know yourself that the
(15:11):
calm of our empire is disturbed on all sides by
the tempests of many wars. Wherefore I want a priest
like you at my court. Remain therefore as an associate
in my labors, as long as you can mount your
horse with such agility. While I was speaking about the
arrangement of the responses, I forgot to speak about the
(15:33):
rules for reading, and I must devote a few words
to that subject. Here in the palace of the most
learned Charles, there was no one to apportion to each
reader the passages that were to be read. No one
put a seal at the end of the passage, or
made ever such a little mark with his finger nail.
But all had to make themselves so well acquainted with
(15:55):
the passage which was set down for reading, that if
they were suddenly called on to read, they could perform
their duty without incurring his censure. He indicated whom he
wished to read by pointing his finger or his staff,
or by sending some one of those who were sitting
close by him to those at a distance. He marked
the end of the reading by a guttural sound, and
(16:17):
all watched so intently for this mark, that whether it
came at the end of a sentence, or in the
middle of a clause or a sub clause. None dared
go on for an instant, however strange the beginning or
the end might seem. And thus it came to pass
that all in the palace were excellent readers, even if
(16:38):
they did not understand what they read. No foreigner, and
no celebrity dared enter his choir unless he could read
and chant end of Section one
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