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Speaker 1 (00:01):
Part six of the Life of Josephus. This is a
LibriVox recording. All LibriVox recordings are in the public domain.
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Recording by Simon Wainwright. The Life of Josephus by Flavius Josephus,
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translated by William Wiston. Part six. Now, as soon as
Jonathan and his companions heard of my coming, they took
all their own friends and John with them, and retired
to the House of Jesus, which indeed was a large
castle and no way unlike a citadel. So they privately
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laid a band of armed men therein and shut all
the other doors but one which they kept open. And
they expected that I should come out of the road
to them to salute them. And indeed they had given
orders to the armed men that when I came, they
should let nobody besides me come in, but should exclude others,
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as supposing that by this means they should easily get
me under their power. But they were deceived in their expectation,
for I perceived what snares they had laid for me. Now,
as soon as I was got off my journey, I
took up my lodgings over against them, and pretended to
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be asleep. So Jonathan and his party, thinking that I
was really asleep and at rest, made haste to go
down into the plain to persuade the people that I
was an ill governor. But the matter proved otherwise, for
upon their appearance there was a cry made by the
Galileans immediately declaring their good opinion of me as their governor.
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And they made a clamor against Jonathan and his partners
for coming to them when they had suffered no harm,
and as though they would overturn their happy settlement, and
desired them by all means to go back again, for
that they would never be persuaded to have any other
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to rule over them. But myself, when I heard of this,
I did not fear to go down into the midst
of them. I went therefore myself down presently to hear
what Jonathan and his companion said. As soon as I appeared,
there was immediately an acclamation made to me by the
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whole multitude, and a cry in my commendation by them,
who confessed their thanks was owing to me for my
good government meant of them. When Jonathan and his companions
heard this, they were in fear of their own lives
and in danger lest they should be assaulted by the
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Galileans onnay account. So they contrived how they might run away,
But as they were not able to get off, for
I desired them to stay, they looked down with concern
at my words to them. I ordered, therefore the multitude
to restrain entirely their acclamations, and placed the most faithful
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of my armed men upon the avenues to be a
guard to us, lest John should unexpected fall upon us.
And I encouraged the Galileans to take their weapons, lest
they should be disturbed at their enemies if any sudden
insult should be made upon them. And then in the
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first place, I put Jonathan and his partners in mine
of their former letter and after what manner they had
written to me, and declared they were sent by the
common consent to the people of Jerusalem to make up
the differences I had with John, and how they had
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desired me to come to them. And as I spake thus,
I publicly showed that letter they had written, till they
could not at all deny what they had done, the
letter itself convicting them I then said, old Jonathan, and
you that are sent with him as his colleagues, if
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I were to be judged as to my behavior compared
with that of John's, and had brought no more than
two or three witnesses, good men, and true, it is
plain you had been forced, upon the examination of their
characters before or hand, to discharge the accusations, that therefore
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you may be informed that I have acted well in
the affairs of Galilee. I think three witnesses too few
to be brought by a man that hath done as
he ought to do. So I gave you all these
for witnesses. Inquire of them how I have lived, and
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whether I have not behaved myself with all decency and
after a virtuous manner among them. And I further conjure you, o, Galileans,
to hide no part of the truth, but to speak
before these men as before judges, whether I have in
anything acted otherwise than well. While I was thus speaking,
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the united voices of all the people joined together and
called me to their benefactor and savior, and attested to
my former behaorhavior, and exhorted me to continue so to
do hereafter. And they all said, upon their oaths, that
their wives had been preserved free from injuries, and that
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no one had ever been aggrieved by me. After this,
I read to the Galileans too of those epistles which
had been sent by Jonathan and his colleagues, and which
those whom I had appointed to guard the road had
taken and sent to me. These were full of reproaches
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and of lies, as if I had acted more like
a tyrant than a governor against them, with many other
things besides therein contained, which were no better indeed than
impudent falsities. I also informed the multitude how I came
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by these letters, and that those who carried them delivered
them up voluntarily, for I was not willing that my
enemies should know anything of the guards I had said,
lest they should be afraid and leave off writing Hereafter,
when the multitude heard these things, they were greatly provoked
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at Jonathan and his colleagues that were with him, and
were going to attack them and kill them. And this
they had certainly done unless I had restrained the anger
of the Galileans and said that I forgave Jonathan and
his colleagues what was past, if they would repent and
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go to their own country and tell those who sent
them the truth as to my conduct. When I had
said this, I let them go, although I knew they
would do nothing of what they had promised. But the
multitude were very much enraged against them, and entreated me
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to give them leave to punish them for their insolence.
Yet did I try all methods to persuade them to
spare the men, for I knew that every instance of
sedition was prenacious to the public welfare. But the multitude
was too angry with them to be dissuaded, and all
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of them went immediately to the house in which Jonathan
and his colleagues abode. However, when I perceived that their
rage could not be restrained, I got on horseback and
ordered the multitude to follow me to the village so Gain,
which was twenty furlongs off Gabarro. And by using this stratagem,
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I so managed myself as not to appear to begin
a civil war among them. But when I was come
near Sogone, I caused a multitude to make a halt
and exhorted them not to be so easily provoked to
anger and to the inflicting such punishments as could not
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be afterwards recalled. I also gave order that a hundred men,
who were already in years and were principal men among them,
should get themselves ready to go to the city of Jerusalem,
and should make a complaint before the people of such
as raised seditions in the country. And I said to
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them that in case they be moved with what you say,
you shall desire the community to write to me and
to enjoy me to continue in Galilee, and to order
Jonathan and his colleagues to depart out of it. When
I had suggested these instructions to them, and while they
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were getting themselves ready as fast as they could, I
sent them on this errand the third day, after they
had been assembled, I also sent five hundred armed men
with them as a guard. I then wrote to my
friends in Samaria to take care that they might safely
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pass through the country, for Samaria was already under the Romans,
and it was absolutely necessary for those that go quickly
to Jerusalem to pass through that country, for in that
road you may in three days time go from Galilee
to Jerusalem. I also went myself and conducted the old
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men as far as the bounds of Galilee, and set
guards in the roads, that it might not be easily
known by any one that these men were gone. And
when I had thus done, I went and abode at Jaffa.
Now Jonathan and his colleagues, having failed of accomplishing what
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they would have done against me, sent John back to Geshala,
but went themselves to the city of Tiberius, expecting it
would submit itself to them. And this was founded on
a letter which Jesus, there then governor, had written them,
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promising that if they came, the multitude would receive them
and choose to be under their government. So they went
their ways with this expectation. But Silas, who as I said,
had been left curitator of Tiberius by me, informed me
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of this and desired me to make haste thither. Accordingly,
I complied with his advice immediately and came thither, but
found myself in danger of my life from the following occasion.
And his colleagues had been at Tiberius and have persuaded
a great many of such as had a quarrel with
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me to desert me. But when they heard of my coming,
they were in fear for themselves and came to me.
And when they had saluted me. They said that I
was a happy man, and having behaved myself so well
in the government of Galilee, and they congratulated me upon
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the honors that were paid me for. They said that
my glory was a credit to them, since they had
been my teachers and fellow citizens. And they said further
that it was but just that they should prefer my
friendship to them rather than John's, and that they would
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have immediately gone home, but that they stayed that they
might deliver up John into my power. And when they
said this, they took their oaths of it. And those
such as are most tremendous among us, and such as
I did not think fit to disbelieve. However, they desired
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me to lodge somewhere else, because the next day was
the Sabbath, and that it was not fit the city
of Tiberius should be disturbed on that day. So I
suspected nothing and went away to Tarchies. Yet did I
withal leave some to make inquiry in the city how
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matters went and whether anything was said about me. I
also set many persons all the way that led from
Tarrchese to Tiberius, that they might communicate from one to
another if they learned any news from those that were
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left in the city on the next day. Therefore, they
all came into the Procupua. It was a large edifice
and capable of receiving a great number of people. Thither
Jonathan went in, and though he durst not openly speak
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of a revolt, yet did he say that this city
stood in need of a better governor than it then had.
But Jesus, who was the ruler, made no scruple to
speak out, and said openly, oh, fellow citizens, it is
better for you to be in subjection to four than
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to one. And those such as are of high birth
and not without reputation for their wisdom, and pointed to
Jonathan and his colleagues. Upon his saying this, Justice came
in and commended him for what he had said, and
persuaded some of the people to be of his mind also.
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But the multitude were not pleased with what was said,
and had certainly gone into a tumult unless the sixth hour,
which was now come, had dissolved the assembly at which
our laws require us to go to dinner on Sabbath days.
So Jonathan and his colleagues put off their council till
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the next day, and went off without success. When I
was informed of these affairs, I determined to go to
the city of Tiberius in the morning. Accordingly, on the
next day, about the first hour of the day, I
came from Tarchi and found the multitude already assembled in
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the prositka. But on what account they were gotten together,
those that were assembled did not know. But when Jonathan
and his colleagues saw me there unexpectedly, they were in disorder,
after which they raised a report of their own contrivance,
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that Roman horsemen were seen at a place called Union
in the borders of Galilee, thirty furlongs distance from the city,
upon which report Jonathan and his colleagues cunningly exhorted me
not to neglect this matter, nor to suffer the land
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to be spoiled by the enemy. And this they said,
with a design to remove me out of the city
under the pretense of the want of extraordinary assistance, while
they might dispose the city to be my enemy. As
for myself, although I knew of their design, yet did
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I comply with what they proposed, lest the people of
Tiberius should have occasion to suppose that I was not
careful of their security. I therefore went out. But when
I was at the place, I found not the least
footsteps of any enemy. So I returned as fast as
I could, and found the whole council assembled, and the
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body of the people gotten together, and Jonathan and his
colleagues bringing vehement accusations against me as one who had
no concern to ease them of the burdens of war,
and as one that lived luxuriously. And as they were discoursing.
Thus they produced four letters as written to them from
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some people that lived at the borders of Galilee, imploring
that they would come to their assistance, for that there
was an army of Romans, both horsemen and footmen, who
would come and lay waste the country on the third day.
They desired them also to make haste and not to
overlook them. When the people of Tiberius heard this, they
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thought they spake truth, and made a clamor against me,
and said, I ought not to sit still, but to
go away to the assistance of their countrymen. Hereupon I said,
for I understood the meaning of Jonathan and his colleagues,
that I was ready to comply with what they proposed,
and without delay to march to war, which they spake of.
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Yet did I advise them at the same time, that,
since these letters declared that the Romans would make their
assault in for several places, they should part their forces
into five bodies, and make Jonathan and his colleagues generals
of each body of them, because it was fit for
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brave men not only to give counsel, but to take
the place of leaders and assist their countrymen when such
a necessity pressed them, For said I, it is not
possible for me to lead more than one party. This
advice of mine greatly pleased the multitude, so they compelled
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them to go forth to war. But their designs were
put into very much disorder, because they had not done
what they had designed to do on account of my stratagem,
which was opposite to their undertakings. Now there was one
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whose name was Anoneus. A wicked man he was, and
very mischievous. He proposed that a general religious fast should
be appointed the next day for all the people, and
gave order that at the same hour they should come
to the same place without any weapons, to make it
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manifest before God. That while they obtained his assistance, they
thought all these weapons useless. This he said not out
of piety, but that they might catch me and my
friends unarmed. Now I was hereupon forced to comply, lest
I should appear to despise a proposal that tended to piety.
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As soon therefore, as we were gone home, Jonathan and
his colleagues wrote to John to come to them in
the morning, and desiring him to come with as many
soldiers as he possibly could, for that they should then
be able easily to get me into their hands and
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to do all they desired to do. When John had
received this letter, he resolved to comply with it. As
for myself, on the next day, I ordered two of
the guards of my body, whom I esteemed the most
courageous and most faithful, to hide daggers under their garments,
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and to go along with me, that we might defend
ourselves if any attack should be made upon us by
our enemies. I also myself took my breastplate and girded
on my sword, so that it might be, as far
as it was possible, concealed, and came into the Prosuca
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end of Part six