¡Salvemos Doñana! ¿qué es de ti? (Medioambiente)

El Parque Nacional de Doñana está en peligro. Mientras sus marismas se secan por la falta de lluvias y las aves buscan parajes alternativos en sus rutas migratorias, muchas de las fresas que crecen en sus inmediaciones provienen de cultivos ilegales y su puesto en la lista del Patrimonio Mundial de la Unesco se tambalea. La margen derecha del estuario del río Guadalquivir, en la orilla onubense y parte de la sevillana, constituye uno de los escenarios naturales más espectaculares del continente europeo. Lagunas, marismas y dunas comparten el paisaje con matorrales y monte bajo mediterráneo y conforman el hábitat de numerosas especies animales y vegetales. Varias de ellas, en serio peligro de extinción, tienen en este paraje su último refugio, y para otras ha sido el punto de partida para su recuperación, como es el caso del lince ibérico. Déjanos tu comentario en Ivoox o Spotify, o escríbenos a [e-mail] ¿Nos ayudas? Comparte nuestro contenido en redes sociales . Texto: Juan Ramón Gómez Dirección, locución y producción: Iván Patxi Gómez Gallego @ivanpatxi Contacto de publicidad en podcast: [e-mail]

Episode Transcript

(00:00):
Doñana National Park is in danger.As its marshes dry due to the lack
of rains and birds seek alternative placeson their migratory routes. Many of the
strawberries that grow nearby come from illegalcrops and their place on the UNESCO World
Heritage list wobbles the podcasts of veryinteresting. Great reports of very interesting presents

(00:35):
Salvemos doñana a text by Juan RamónGómez. The right bank of ns the

(01:00):
estuary of the river Guadalquivir, onthe Onubense bank and part of the Seville,
is one of the most spectacular naturalscenarios on the European continent. Lagoons,
marshes and dunes share the landscape withbushes and mountains under the Mediterranean and
make up the habitat of numerous animaland plant species, several of them seriously

(01:23):
endangered, have in this place theirlast refuge and for others, has been
the starting point for their recovery,as is the case of the Iberian lynx.
It is the Doñana National Park,whose wetlands use more than half a
million waterfowl each year to winter.It is also home to five endangered bird

(01:48):
species and has one of the largestherons populations in the entire Mediterranean area.
But not only are some of thesespecies in danger of extinction, such as
the imperial dragon eagle, but thevery park that hides in its subsoil its
greatest treasure the source that confers onit its incalculable ecological value. The aquifers
that feed the wetlands of this paradiseare drying up. It' s disastrous.

(02:14):
Very common species are no longer beingseen in Doñana is losing its capacity
to host biodiversity, says Carlos Dávila, head of the Berlife Seo Technical Office
in the National Park. And thisis due, in his opinion, to
two circumstances, the global warming inthe form of prolonged and recurrent droughts that

(02:37):
have come to stay, and theincrease of the irrigations in the Doñana environment.
As early as May, UNESCO wasconcerned about reports of proposed legislative changes
at the regional level for the specialmanagement plan for irrigated areas in the northern
part of the Doña Ana forest crown, also known as the strawberry plan for

(03:00):
majority cultivation in the affected area.According to these reports, the law promoted
by the board is contrary to theirrequests and could threaten the very reasons for
the recognition of the Doña Ana NationalPark as a UNESCO World Heritage Site,

(03:22):
and recalls that this area has alsobeen a UNESCOT biosphere reserve since the year
nineteen hundred and eighty. These arenot the first warnings coming from the international
body, which in recent years haswarned several times about the over- exploitation
of the aquifer and its potential impact. The extraordinary biodiversity of Doñana depends on

(03:45):
these aquifers, whose situation is furtheraggravated by the current drought. Many populations
of European and African waterbirds have thispark as a must stop within their migratory
routes. At the political level,the problem is divided into two governments,

(04:06):
the Government of Andalusia and the centralgovernment. The first has the competences in
spatial planning and the second has thecompetences of water through the Hydrological Confederation of
Guadalquivir. From the Ministry for theEcological Transition and the demographic challenge explain that
our natural heritage cannot be put atrisk. The Junta de Andalucía has to

(04:28):
act in the face of threats tothe Doñana National Park, and the starting
point must be the renunciation of itslaw of extension of irrigation. In November
of two thousand twenty- two,the Ministry promoted a framework of actions for
the recovery of Doñana, with measuresin the short and medium term to improve

(04:49):
the management of water resources, biodiversityand other aspects for which a budget of
three hundred and fifty- six millioneuros was allocated. A game was reserved
for the closure of illegal wells,which the Ministry estimates will reach a thousand
hundred by the end of this year. Juanjo Carmona Spokesman bww F in Doñana

(05:11):
b closing illegal wells as a halfsolution. Everything is true, but we
must ask the Ministry how many illegalhectares have been closed. And it is
that, returning to the division ofcompetences, Carmona calls for a coordinated activity.
The Ministry can close a hundred thousandwells that will reopen them and the
Board does not do its job.A law of spatial planning and not of

(05:38):
legalization of irrigation. The Councillor ofSustainability Environment and Blue Economy of the Junta
de Andalucía, Ramón Fernández Pacheco,directly relates the approval of the Strawberry plan
to the conservation of Doñana. Thisis precisely the purpose of the legislative proposal
to preserve Doñana and to make thisconservation compatible with the economic and social development

(05:59):
of the province of Huas. Andit is possible because the law, which
is a law of spatial planning andnot of legalization of irrigation, aims to
regulate a space and offer irrigation rightsonly and when there is enough water,
through surface water, that is,without touching the aquifer and preserving doña ana
always as far as the possible approvalof that law is concerned, The spokesman

(06:27):
of www F denounces that it isonly an amnesty for a series of farmers
that between 2, 4 and 2, 2 14, put their lands in
irrigation illegally and argues is not anopinion. It is said by court decisions
that these farmers have lost one afterthe other. The last of them after

(06:50):
their conversation with very interesting, isthe first that could lead five farmers to
prison by exceeding the penalty of threeand a half years for each one for
illegally extracting between two thousand eight andtwo thousand thirteen a total of nineteen four
million cubic meters of water. FernándezPacheco strongly rejects this accusation. No illegal

(07:11):
irrigation is legalized. There is noamnesty for those who are doing it wrong.
Wells are not legalized. It isa mistake that some have been interested
in making prevail. I insist,the law of spatial planning in the County
of Huelva seeks to solve a socialproblem that has taken many years and in
which the socialist governments merely looked theother way and that now the government of

(07:32):
juanma Moreno wants to solve, butalways, always, always making the aquifer
prevail and safeguarding doñana. The LandPlanning Act, which could have prevented illegal
irrigated land, was passed in twothousand four, but the Andalusian Government has

(07:53):
been so slow to implement that theproblem has continued to grow. A report
commissioned by www F speaks of athousand nine hundred hectares of irregular crops that
thus twenty percent of the space thatthe farm blames vetoes the palm. The
great measure of the Andalusian government torespond to all critical voices with its management

(08:16):
in Doñana located on the shore ofthe Guadalquivir for Carmona, is not enough.
That as an emergency measure for acertain moment, may be worth,
but the national park cannot have itsfuture deposited in swimming pools filled with an
engine with river water. Vice PresidentTeresa Rivera is pleased to see the initiative,

(08:37):
but continues to demand that the strawberryplan be withdrawn, because the acquisition
of this farm does not bring morewater or reduce pressure. By the aquifer.
The Andalusian councillor descends the purchase ofthe one he says is the largest
wetland of all the natural space ofDoñana, which is not part of the
sid national park of nature and todayis a refuge of much of the birds

(09:00):
of Doñana. We bought a pieceof the estate. There are seven thousand
and five hundred hectares, of whichthree thousand and five hundred are artificially flooded,
where an ecosystem has been created throughwhich three hundred thousand birds pass annually.
According to his argument, with theclosure of the farm that occupied this
farm could dry up and put thebiodiversity of the environment at risk. Its

(09:22):
aim is therefore to preserve it and, if possible, integrate it into the
national park, which would grow by14 per cent. The most important environmental
milestone in the past forty- fiveyears, an idea that UNESCO also supports,
is exaggerated. Then the fears ofthe international body or simply point in

(09:46):
the wrong direction. The spokesman forSeo Berlife recalls the over- exploitation of
groundwater and surface water masses is ahuge problem in Doñana and is not of
today. It has been going onsince the 1980s, and the scientific world
has already sounded the alarm because thehydrological resources of the national park environment were

(10:07):
being over- exploited and that couldmortgage its future. The intensification of agriculture
is therefore a problem prior to theextreme drought and, as explained by the
Ministry, the marsh that is thenerve center of the Doñana ecosystem lost most
of its natural contribution of water beforethe creation of the national park Due to

(10:30):
the diversion of the Guadiamar River,this complex work, which aimed to expand
the farmlands, has the hours told. The Ministry' s framework for action
includes ambitious action to reconnect the riverand the marsh, including bioengineering techniques for
canal reconstruction. Meanwhile, the hydrologicalcycle of doñana has stopped is echo.

(10:56):
As da Vela explains, the marshis flooded with autumn rains, remains flooded
in winter and spring and is driedagain in summer. This directly affects aquatic
ecosystems. Their resilience is being testedand biodiversity is also in an unprecedented crisis.

(11:16):
The figures speak for themselves. FuIn the winter two thousand twenty-
one two thousand twenty- two thousandwere registered eighty- seven thousand individuals,
the worst figure in fifty years ofthe aerial censuses of the biological station last
year, although they reached two hundredand eighty thousand, they continued well below

(11:37):
the average, which were about fivehundred thousand specimens of wintering birds from the
north and center of Europe. Dávilaalso offers dramatic data on birds that traditionally
reproduce in the national park. Morethan eighty percent of the protected reproductive species
for which there is information have aregressive trend of very common species, such

(11:58):
as morites, which have reached elevenzero pairs. In two thousand seventeen and
two thousand eighteen there are barely dozensof spatulas that were counted for one thousand
or two thousand couples. Last year, there were a few dozen other species,
such as the blue eagle, thecariblanco and the plunger, the cuelli
and the black. The figure iszero have disappeared as breeders in recent years.

(12:28):
Recovery plans to combat this trend donot come only from the Ministry.
The Junta de Andalucía plans to investseventeen million euros in the restoration of the
areas affected by the fire of twothousand seventeen, where it will plant more
than two million plants and trees oftwenty- five indigenous species. In addition,

(12:48):
Fernández Pacheco recalls that Andalusia continues tolead the recovery and preservation of the
Iberian lynx, whose population begins tobecome self- sufficient. In our Community
there are more than 600 copies andwe are the Community with the largest number
of Iberian lynx in the whole country. For environmental groups, the solution is
to restore and re- naturalize theenvironment of Doña Ana. Dávila proposes a

(13:13):
climate change mitigation and adaptation plan witha hydroecological model to avoid unsustainable use of
water as both underground and surface resources. Carmona, for her part, is
particularly critical of the agricultural pirates whohave flooded the market with strawberries from illegally
irrigated zinc. It extends the challengeof renaturalization to the area of the lower

(13:35):
Guadalquivir between the provinces of Huelva andCadiz. Wetlands are spaces that keep memory
and that is seen when it rainsagain and where there was no river and
no one remembers it. After fortyyears, the water returns to that stream
and suddenly you have a flood inthe center of a population. We'
re looking at it. That's why the Guadalquivir is going to reclaim
its marshes again, as long asthe marshes don' t fill up again

(14:03):
with water and birds. The declarationof the National Park as a UNESCO World
Heritage Site remains in jeopardy. Letus not forget that in its report of
September, the international body warned thatthe legislative change proposed by the Parliament of
Andalusia to legalize the existing illegal wellsis a matter of great concern, but
it also pointed to the central government, which recalls that the hydrological plan of

(14:26):
the Guadalquivir Basin was expected to becompleted by the end of two thousand twenty
- two. In short, droughtis not the only problem, nor is
it just a question of reducing theuse of groundwater, but of increasing the
residence of property and addressing scientific uncertainties. At the end of this report,

(14:52):
a principle of agreement was announced wherebythe President of the Junta de Andalucía undertook
to put on hold in the proposedlaw by which it was planned to recognize
and, therefore, expand the irrigationsof the surroundings of Doña Ana and the
Vice President of the Government of Spainannounced an investment of three hundred and fifty
million for social projects in the countyof the County of Huelva, where the

(15:13):
controversial irrigations are located. Investment inaddition to the three hundred and fifty-
six million already invested