All Episodes

May 4, 2025 53 mins
This week we go all out Giallo and review Lucio Fulci’s The New York Ripper from 1982! #luciofulci #thenewyorkripper #giallo #horrormoviereviews #horrormoviepodcast #stayevil. Intro and outro music composed by: Our good friend Chris Menta www.youtube.com/@JustMenta http://theevilneverdiespodcast.com http://carltodd.com Merch: http://tee.pub/lic/evilneverdiespodcast Support the show! https://www.buymeacoffee.com/evilneverdP Podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/user/the-evil-never-dies-podcast--17712253 YouTube:www.youtube.com/@theevilneverdiespodcast
Mark as Played
Transcript

Episode Transcript

Available transcripts are automatically generated. Complete accuracy is not guaranteed.
Speaker 1 (00:00):
This is the Evil Never Dies Podcast with Breton Carl.
This podcast may contain adult themes, violence, and strong language.
Listener discretion is advised.

Speaker 2 (00:47):
What's up, everybody, Welcome back to the Evil Never Dies Podcast.
I have no clue an episode this is I have
no clue either. Keep with that.

Speaker 3 (00:57):
I quit when you quit, and then you go back
to keep up.

Speaker 2 (01:00):
So it's been a while since I've kept up. So yeah,
it's like three twenty four or something. If I'm not mistaken,
got me getting closer to three point fifty, then what happens?
I don't know. There's a leather face behind me there,
the one you hate, the makeup one. Yeah, pretty face.

Speaker 3 (01:23):
I think they called it. I forget now pretty face.
Yeah it's a pretty face.

Speaker 2 (01:30):
Oh shit. We keep getting fucking animatronics fucking given to
us too.

Speaker 3 (01:36):
I know everybody, and you know what, if anyone wants
to donate to the Haunted House, feel free. I don't care.
I've been spending money on this stuff for forty years
literally now. Yeah, no shit, Even when I was at Moxley,
I was buying stuff, you know, and not turning in receipts.
So yeah, if anybody wants to donate to the haunt.
Go for it because you never know when this might

(01:58):
be the last year. No, never know, so you want
to donate, Go for it while the getting's hot, while
the gitting's hot.

Speaker 2 (02:11):
Oh shit, all right, this week we're going total chiallo on.

Speaker 3 (02:18):
Everybody, and it's Beauty Killer.

Speaker 2 (02:21):
Beauty Killer. That's the original name of it, of this
movie we're doing.

Speaker 3 (02:26):
Yeah.

Speaker 2 (02:27):
Oh okay, well there's not.

Speaker 3 (02:30):
That's what it was originally going to be called when
it was first developed or whatever.

Speaker 2 (02:35):
Okay, but anyway, we're doing The New York Ripper from
nineteen eighty two, directed by Lucio Fulci. Screenplay by Jean
Franco Clarecci, Lucio Foolshie, Vincenzo Mariano marrit.

Speaker 3 (03:00):
You just mess up all the Italian names, dude, some
I get good and some suck and Dardano Secchetti.

Speaker 2 (03:09):
Story by gian Franco Clerici, Luccio Fulce, Vincenzo Mannino. Produced
by Fabre Fabrizio de Angelis, Cinematography by Luigi Queveler, edited

(03:29):
by Vincenzo Tanasi. Music by Francho Francesco DiMasi. And what
did you think of the score on this?

Speaker 3 (03:43):
I think the score is fabulous. I've been listening to
that theme song all day off and on now. It
does remind me of a nineteen eighties wrestling TV shows theme,
but I think it's good.

Speaker 2 (03:55):
Well that's what it reminded me of, like a nineteen
eighties cop show TV show.

Speaker 3 (04:01):
I just think the song is catchy as shit. I
actually found it on YouTube music and downloaded it since
it's not on Apple anywhere. I think it's great. I
like the score.

Speaker 2 (04:13):
I'm not a big fan of the score.

Speaker 3 (04:15):
I don't know that it fits the movie, but I
think it's freaking excellent. It probably does fit the movie, Honestly,
I'm gonna say that it does all right.

Speaker 2 (04:25):
A production company is full Via Film, distributed by seventy
seven Cinematographica. Release date was the fourth of March nineteen
eighty two in Italy, and I don't have a release
date in the US, but I'm pretty sure it was
only on video.

Speaker 3 (04:47):
I don't know that it ever got I know it
didn't get released in Europe. I heard that.

Speaker 2 (04:51):
On one of the Yeah We'll go into that in.

Speaker 3 (04:53):
One of the interviews I was watching.

Speaker 2 (04:55):
In England, it was banned.

Speaker 3 (04:58):
Forever still be banned for as I know, I don't
know it's not, but okay, good.

Speaker 2 (05:05):
It has a running time of ninety three minutes. Country
of origin is Italy and at the box office in
Italy it made one point zero four million lira, and
I have no idea what that is.

Speaker 3 (05:19):
In the US say that every time we must do
a lot of Italian horror movies. I guess we do.

Speaker 2 (05:26):
Let's see here, Why don't you go over the plot
of this Carl.

Speaker 3 (05:31):
There's all kinds of plots. So I think this guy's
a butcher walking his dog, and the dog he throws
something the dog was and fetches this almost a zambifide
looking hand, So that we got that going on.

Speaker 2 (05:44):
Then we got this.

Speaker 3 (05:47):
Police detective who's investigating murders. In the meantime, they're on
a ferry in New York City and this weird chick
just gets into a Volkswagen Beetle and what does she
ride on it? And lipstick?

Speaker 2 (06:04):
I think she was gonna write shithead and she ended
up bright and shit shit.

Speaker 3 (06:08):
And I'm like, well, why is she whose volkswagon is this?
And why did she do it?

Speaker 2 (06:12):
Well before they got on the ferry.

Speaker 3 (06:17):
Watching this movie, three times just in the last three days.

Speaker 2 (06:20):
She rode into the Volkswagon and the guy and the
Volkswagon was bitching at her.

Speaker 3 (06:26):
I don't think that's on the version I saw.

Speaker 2 (06:28):
Telling her women must need to stay home.

Speaker 3 (06:31):
I don't think I saw that in the version I
saw for real.

Speaker 2 (06:34):
Maybe they cut it out because they did not have
They cut out like twenty minutes of this movie.

Speaker 3 (06:39):
Because I thought it was confusing that she just gets
in this Volkswagon. But the best part is while she's
doing that and writing ass her shit or whatever, the
New York Ripper shows up and cuts her to death.
And does he ever, he stabs her everywhere.

Speaker 2 (06:56):
Yep.

Speaker 3 (06:57):
So the fairy people, I guess, decide they need Volkswagen
beatle out of the way and they just start pushing
it off and there she is deader than shit. So
that's when the police decide that same killing as the
other woman. So there must be a maybe a serial
killer on the loose in New York. But he will
eventually take the nickname from the media.

Speaker 2 (07:18):
Of the New York Ripper.

Speaker 3 (07:20):
The commission the police commissioner did not want this publicized,
but it got out there, and the New York Ripper
is in New York, yep, and it goes downhill from there.
It's it's gruesome, dude.

Speaker 2 (07:33):
Yes it is.

Speaker 3 (07:35):
It is. It is a gruesome fucking movie even to
this day.

Speaker 2 (07:40):
Yes it is.

Speaker 3 (07:41):
And you said House by the Cemetery was his best movie. Whatever,
I'm just saying.

Speaker 2 (07:50):
You got anything else about the plot here?

Speaker 3 (07:53):
No, I guess that's it without giving away stuff. There's
a lot of graphic killing in this.

Speaker 2 (07:58):
Movie, yes, and a lot of sex and the.

Speaker 3 (08:03):
Sex in the movie and nudity, and they visit a
lot of sex shops, which in nineteen eighty one New York,
in Times Square that's all that was there, honestly, So
it was very time.

Speaker 2 (08:14):
New York was a shithole back.

Speaker 3 (08:16):
Yeah, it was a very time accurate movie.

Speaker 2 (08:19):
And it's sort of cleasy.

Speaker 3 (08:21):
Yeah, it's sort of cool how the plot revolved around that. Really,
So now, I don't want to give anything else away.
So but yeah, it's gruesome as shit, and it's it's
very it's a I would say it would be a
not rated, unrated movie. I don't think, even to this day,
i'd want kids watching this thing at.

Speaker 2 (08:40):
Oh probably got it probably could have had an X
rating for sure.

Speaker 3 (08:46):
Again, I always talking about Art the Clown. I find
out that shit Art the Clown does is more comedic.
This movie was gruesome, dude. Ye Now cutting away from
the subject. I remember written this movie when I was
starting to rent horror movies that I think it was
the old B Star video I've talked about, and as
a kid, I was totally like, what is this. I

(09:08):
don't even think I watched it all the way through.
I just didn't understand it, as you know, a teenager
or however the fuck old I was watching these movies
I shouldn't be watching. But you know, years later, I
remember it and watching it. I watched it three times
in the last three days, and just as older, I
look on it with whole different eyes now. So that's

(09:30):
my history with the movie. I remember seeing it as
a kid at the video store. I forget what the
cover was. I think it was a real crazy looking cover,
but I don't think.

Speaker 2 (09:43):
It's the backdrop of New York City and then there's
like a lady massacred on them.

Speaker 3 (09:49):
I think I thought it was going to be more
of a Friday the thirteenth Halloween type movie when I
was a kid, because I mean back then you didn't
know what the hell you was renting. There was no
way of knowing except for the back of the.

Speaker 2 (10:00):
Video tape exactly exactly.

Speaker 3 (10:03):
But I do remember this watching this movie as a kid,
which I shouldn't have been watching. But I was able
to basically rent anything at b Star Video.

Speaker 2 (10:16):
So yes, this is not on Blu Ray though.

Speaker 3 (10:23):
Yeah, it's right here. Boom, Okay, I've had this thing
for a long time.

Speaker 2 (10:30):
They got a version of it. It's from the original.
They redid it.

Speaker 3 (10:39):
I think it's on lor K.

Speaker 2 (10:41):
Yeah, Blue Video redid it in twenty nineteen.

Speaker 3 (10:45):
Well, I don't think this is a and it's got.

Speaker 2 (10:48):
The original from the original film.

Speaker 3 (10:52):
Well I need to order that maybe because I.

Speaker 2 (10:53):
Think one nine bucks.

Speaker 3 (10:56):
One hundred and ninety nine bucks.

Speaker 2 (10:57):
Yep, that's what they want for one hundred ninety nine bucks.
Why if you can see it right there?

Speaker 3 (11:04):
What the fuck?

Speaker 2 (11:05):
It's like some special edition three disc thing.

Speaker 3 (11:09):
It must be out of print, but yeah, they want to.

Speaker 2 (11:13):
You can get the regular DV or Blu Ray two
for eighteen.

Speaker 3 (11:18):
I don't know what version I got here, but I
don't think complete. But it does have a lot of
extras on it. Unfortunately, ninety five percent of them are
in Italian. So yeah, but I watched a few of
them and was trying to read along, and I kind
of I get bored with subtitles.

Speaker 2 (11:38):
Yeah, that's where I was with that. What do you
call it about? What's his name? I can't think of
it right now. Yeah, I know you're talking about.

Speaker 3 (11:47):
Now, this Blu ray looks really good. I mean, it's
a very I remember watching on videotape it looked like
pure shit. But this Blu Ray looks good. I mean,
if there's a better version, then I might have to
look into that. You never know, I thought it was
on four K, but I might be mistaken.

Speaker 2 (12:05):
Does high res Blu ray?

Speaker 3 (12:08):
So I have no idea what a high risk Blu
ray is.

Speaker 2 (12:12):
I don't know either, but I'm not spending one hundred
and ninety nine bucks on it.

Speaker 3 (12:17):
You should find this stuff out for me. Oh, they
keep putting so many versions of movies out. I've just
sort of quit buying these, you know they I've tripled
dipped and quadruple dipped so many movies in my life.
I'm sort of sick of doing that. I mean, honestly,
I don't know how you could get this movie looking

(12:37):
any better?

Speaker 2 (12:40):
Well, I watched on shutter and it had a good picture.

Speaker 3 (12:43):
I'm yeah. Well now I'm just I'm on Amazon and
I'm seeing a four K, which is thirty one dollars.
But it must not be the ultimate edition that you're seeing.
So this is a four K Ultra. Yeah, it's the
four K. So it's out on four K. Now, so
that's cool.

Speaker 2 (13:02):
So that's the one hundred and ninety nine dollars one.
So that's a New York Ripper fan.

Speaker 3 (13:08):
Now this is just a regular four K. I M
I buy the four K this thing and sell the
Blu ray off unless you want to buite. I guess
we'll find out as you review the show whether you
would want to own this thing or not. So I
guess we'll go to the cast.

Speaker 2 (13:24):
Yeah, let's go over the cast here at the Blue Rope.

Speaker 3 (13:27):
This version I got is good. It's just it's got
a lot of extras. Like I said, they're in Italian.
Looks good, but I don't think it's a full version.
I think it's cut, not the gruesome stuff. I think
it's like you know, a lot of these Italian movies
and even like was it Donna the Dead there's like
three or four versions of the movies. Dona the Dead's
got like three versions on the DVD I got, so

(13:50):
I don't know why that there's a European cut, there's
an American cut, and then there's a director's cut, so
I guess this could be the same. Let's go over
the cast of New York Ripper AKA when did I
say Beauty Killer?

Speaker 2 (14:05):
All right? First off, we got Jack Headley as Lieutenant
Fred Williams.

Speaker 3 (14:11):
Did you know that's not his voice?

Speaker 2 (14:13):
No, it was overdubbed.

Speaker 3 (14:15):
They dubbed his voice for some reason.

Speaker 2 (14:17):
Well, he's British, he's a British actor, so this.

Speaker 3 (14:21):
Sort of makes sense. If he's a New York detective.
Then yeah, okay, I get that. I definitely get it.

Speaker 2 (14:28):
Next, we got Almanta Suska credited as Almanta Keller as
Fay Majors, Howard Ross as Mickey Skeladenda.

Speaker 3 (14:41):
Was that Faye, the blonde girl that's threw most of
the movie?

Speaker 2 (14:43):
I think so?

Speaker 3 (14:44):
Yeah, she was pretty pretty, pretty pretty. I'll say that.
You see all of her.

Speaker 2 (14:50):
Too, you see all of all of them in there.

Speaker 3 (14:53):
Yeah, Like I said, this is not a movie. I'm
gonna let any kids ever watch I'm Gonna Hide the
New York Ripper.

Speaker 2 (15:00):
Uh. Next we got Andrea Achipinti credited as Andrew Painter
as Peter Bunch, Alexandra Deli Collie as Jane Lodge. Uh,
Paulo Malco as Doctor Paul Davis, Censia du Ponti as

(15:25):
Rosie the fairy victim.

Speaker 3 (15:28):
Yeah, the one that I couldn figure out why she
got in a volkswagon.

Speaker 4 (15:34):
Uh.

Speaker 2 (15:34):
Cosino Cinefiri credited as Lawrence Wells as Doctor Lodge. Did
you just say, Lawrence welk Lawrence Wells.

Speaker 3 (15:46):
That's that old man that our parents all complain about
having to watch.

Speaker 2 (15:52):
Daniella Daniella Doria as Kitty Babbett Knew as Missus Wisberger.
Zora Corova credited as Zora Kerwahwa as Eva the sex
show performer. She had a pretty good murdering, Yes, she

(16:19):
did with the wine bottle. Yeah, we won't go in
any further.

Speaker 3 (16:24):
No, it's this movie's fucking brutal. They compared a lot
to Cannibal Holocaust. I guess the director of Cannibal Holocaust
almost directed this movie, so yeah. Uh.

Speaker 2 (16:37):
And Tony Hagan credited as Anthon Kagan as Morales, Josh
Cruz credited as Joe's Cruz as Chico Chico. Uh, Giordano

(16:59):
Falzoni as doctor Barry Jones a corner.

Speaker 3 (17:03):
Yeah he was. He was actually pretty good in the movie.

Speaker 2 (17:05):
I thought, Uh, Lucio Fulcha played the chief of police.

Speaker 3 (17:11):
Muchos in the movie.

Speaker 2 (17:12):
I didn't even know that Barbara Koupisti as Heather and
Chiara Ferrari as Susie Bunch and that is the about
half of them people were murdered in the movie. Yeah.

Speaker 3 (17:32):
Now I've found out that three disc thing. It's out
of print is why it's so expensive. And it actually
came with the damn soundtrack, So I dropped the ball somehow.
Oh and apparently they got this Blue Underground has got
Zombie and House by the Cemetery out on four K

(17:53):
as well. I might have to pick up Zombie from
him too.

Speaker 2 (17:57):
I like Zombie. We ain't done zomb, No, we haven't.
The only other the only other one we've done by
Foulci is House by the Cemetery.

Speaker 3 (18:08):
He says his best movie Black Cat's Better, Dude, That's
what I wanted to do this week was Black Cat.
But Brett said New York Ripper, and I'm like, okay, sure, I'll.

Speaker 2 (18:18):
Do New York Ripper. Well, we're doing it. I know,
I'm glad we did. All Right, let's go over a
little bit of the production. Uh. Producer Faborizio Diangelis was
not content with the strip script provided by Gianfranco Clerici
and Vincenzo Manmanino and Dardano Sacchetti. Had he had him

(18:45):
rewrite the script.

Speaker 3 (18:47):
Yeah, they were arguing about that on the commentary tracks
in Italian.

Speaker 2 (18:50):
I was watching the bit of and according to Sachetti,
de Angelis claimed the film to be modeled after The
Hunger from Night eighteen eighty three, which is impossible. Yeah,
it was came out a year later after this film
was completed.

Speaker 3 (19:09):
Who said that they're making up shit, ain't they?

Speaker 2 (19:12):
Uh? That was the one of the writers. Well, hell,
who ended up doing the final wells.

Speaker 3 (19:19):
The other movie had been written like a script years before. Maybe,
I don't know, that's weird.

Speaker 2 (19:26):
Saschetti stated that the film had initially involved or murder
or suffering from progeria, which is a disease that makes
you look like twenty years older than you really are.

Speaker 3 (19:39):
Hmm.

Speaker 2 (19:40):
And it was that it was a meditation on old
age and human decadence. Folks, she didn't understand it, and
that Sachetti had to redo the script in five days,
not working on the structure or plot, but on the
situations that is, the death scenes and the Giallo mechanisms.

Speaker 3 (20:02):
Yeah, they make it real chauvinistic.

Speaker 2 (20:04):
I think yes, they did well. A lot of people
think thought that uh Fulchi always hated women.

Speaker 3 (20:12):
Yeah, that has been said too. I've known on a
lot of the movies he worked on.

Speaker 2 (20:18):
I guess he didn't treat the actresses very well and well.

Speaker 3 (20:21):
One of the people that actually spoke in English, I
think it was the historian and who wrote a book
on him, said that from what he gathered, he just
didn't like a lot of people. It wasn't just women.
So there's mixed mixed on whether or not he hated
women or not. They said supposedly he treated his actresses
really bad versus his actors. So I don't know. I mean,

(20:43):
at least we know that he's actually dead, so we
can't kill him off like we've killed multiple directors and
people off.

Speaker 2 (20:51):
So shit. Prior to the release of the film, Fulchi
discussed the production describing it as much less horror than
his previous film No Zombies but a Human Killer Working
in the Dark. Bulchi described that Fulch described the film
as a tribute to Alfred Hitchcock, billing it as a

(21:11):
Hitchcock revisited.

Speaker 3 (21:13):
I could see that too. This graphic as shit, but
it's got Hitchcock or to it.

Speaker 2 (21:20):
Yep.

Speaker 3 (21:21):
I mean I didn't even I couldn't fare who the
killer was till it was revealed.

Speaker 2 (21:27):
New York Ripper was shot in eight weeks from late
August to October of nineteen eighty one, under the working
title of low Squirre to Squirt, Squarta.

Speaker 3 (21:38):
Torre Squirt skeletor did you just say skeleton.

Speaker 2 (21:44):
It was shot on location in New York for the
exterior scenes, and all the interior scenes were filmed in Rome. Yeah.

Speaker 3 (21:53):
I remember hearing that my hair is tripping the night.
I can't get it to do right. You know how
long it is? Anyway, look at that I got some
long here.

Speaker 2 (22:04):
Back to the show. Zora Corova, who played Eva in
the film, spoke positively about working with Foulci and Stadio,
and stated that it took a while for Foulci to
warm up to her. When I asked what she thought
of the film, she stated she didn't like The New
York Ripper at all.

Speaker 3 (22:24):
Okay, let's see here.

Speaker 2 (22:29):
She might have liked House by the Cemetery better.

Speaker 3 (22:32):
Who knows.

Speaker 2 (22:34):
Well, Like we said, The New York Ripper was released
on the fourth of March nineteen eighty two in Italy.
It grossed just over a million Italian lira during its
original theatrical run and found similar commercial success abroad. So
maybe it was released in the theater. I don't remember.

Speaker 3 (22:52):
Ever, I wouldn't have known, because it was what in
nineteen eighty one eighty two. I have no clue, and
I don't do any research like you do, so I don't.

Speaker 2 (23:01):
I just go off the knowledge I got.

Speaker 3 (23:04):
I just know it was in the videos store in
the nineteen eighties and I rented it, and at the
time I had no idea what the fuck I was
watching as a kid. I was totally shocked.

Speaker 2 (23:16):
In the United Kingdom, the film was screened for the BBFC,
with Carol Paulski describing the film as simply the most
damaging film I have ever seen in my whole life,
and relentless catalog of the eponymous anti hero villain cutting
women up. Film was banned in the United Kingdom, where

(23:39):
it could not be sold until two thousand and two.

Speaker 3 (23:42):
So then it finally got released. Yeah, it was really
d That's Crazy.

Speaker 2 (23:46):
Man released on DVD finally, probably the one I got here.
The film received limited theatrical release in the United States
in nineteen eighty four and was released on VHS in
nineteen eighty seven, And.

Speaker 3 (24:00):
That's probably when I rented.

Speaker 2 (24:02):
It where it was slightly edited by Vidmark Entertainment.

Speaker 3 (24:07):
I still think I've got a slightly edited version here,
so I'm gonna get that four K. I think, shit,
I may get that. I'm gonna look on eBay for
that one with a soundtrack. I'm singing that song in
my head or the tune right now.

Speaker 2 (24:22):
It was released on DVD in nineteen ninety nine on
Anchor BAB through Anchor Bay Entertainment, and later on by
Blue Underground on Blu Ray and dB. In twenty sixteen,
it received a four K scan, so it's not a
true four K, it's just a four K scan of

(24:46):
the of the Blu Ray Gotcha released in twenty nineteen,
and finally a special edition four K. Oh there is
a four k out on release. Lea released in August
of twenty twenty. So I'm gonna have to look for that.

Speaker 3 (25:02):
I think I might have to get Zombie as well.
I've got Black Cat already in a pretty good copy
of it.

Speaker 2 (25:14):
All right. Critical reception from the reviews in the nineteen eighties.
Critic Alan Jones stated in his nineteen eighty three issue
of The Starburst that the film was a psychotic, erotic
masterpiece and the strongest and most powerful of all of
Fulchi's films to date, Yeah, concluding that the film clinches

(25:38):
his position as one of the most influential directors of
the past decade.

Speaker 3 (25:44):
So he liked it, Yeah, I know. Roger Ebert wanted
it banned. I think, well, they didn't like no one.
They didn't like nothing did they not really know? But
Fulchie did get a lot of shit shit after this,
after this movie came out, and he really didn't do
much after it, you know, now, that's true.

Speaker 2 (26:05):
I think so it maybe sort of broke him in
a way.

Speaker 3 (26:11):
What is his biggest movie? Was it? Zombie?

Speaker 2 (26:13):
I think so? Yeah? I think so too.

Speaker 3 (26:16):
That whole Zombie Too is what it was called. It's
supposed to be the sequel to Done of the Dead
for anybody who doesn't know what it is.

Speaker 2 (26:24):
And then the you know, the The Gates of Hell trilogy, you.

Speaker 3 (26:29):
Know that too. Yeah, those those are not bad movies either.
When you say that, damn Cemetery's the best, I don't know, man.

Speaker 2 (26:40):
I'll have to watch them all again and see.

Speaker 3 (26:42):
And well, a lot of them are on on you
said shutter right.

Speaker 2 (26:45):
Now, Yeah, a lot of them are ye. The New
York Ripper holds a twenty five percent rating on Rotten
Tomatoes based on eight reviews.

Speaker 3 (26:56):
Well, shit, I need to go make a review on it,
and I'll do that as soon as we get here.

Speaker 2 (27:01):
Shit, oh fuck, all right, I guess we'll go over
some trivia. There's not much trivia.

Speaker 3 (27:10):
Yeah, this is sort of an underground movie still to
this day. I'm surprised it's got a four K release,
But again they look like they released is three of
his biggest movies on four K, this Blue Underground. They
do a lot of the lesser known titles actually so
they do a good job too. I don't ever really
give them a lot of credit, but the Blue Underground

(27:31):
Company is good. Are they out of Britain or I
don't know. I need to find out where these people
are so they'll start sending me free shit. Send me
free shit and I will review it.

Speaker 2 (27:47):
Oh. The lead role was originally offered to Katriona McCall,
who had previously starred in director Foulche's City of the
Living Dead The Beyond House by the Cemetery. She was
apparently a little suspicious and turned down the offer. It
would have been her second time appearing with Paulo Malco.

(28:13):
Like we said, Jack Headley's voice was dubbed because he
would have sounded awful funny.

Speaker 3 (28:21):
Yeah, being a New York detective in the eighties with
a British voice. You know now the British actors talk
with an American accent in movies.

Speaker 2 (28:30):
Yeah, I know.

Speaker 3 (28:31):
It trips me out when I hear when I'm like,
what the hell? I didn't know he was English, all right.

Speaker 2 (28:39):
When Cinzia Depot's character gets stabbed in her breast, it
was on the right side of her nipple, but later
in the Morgue it has shown that the staff line
was on her left nipple.

Speaker 3 (28:51):
I actually caught that, believe it or not.

Speaker 2 (28:55):
When Rosie scratches the REDFVW beatle and talks to the driver.
He's wearing a blue shirt and jacket. A moment later,
when an overhead shot shows a VW driving onto the ferry,
the driver is wearing a bright red shirt, which I
don't see how anybody would have noticed with the Volkswagen

(29:18):
being redded.

Speaker 3 (29:19):
So whoever wrote that just being anal? Now, look, I
got my count Karabi glass out tonight.

Speaker 2 (29:26):
Oh I need a drink. Yeah, I'm marking.

Speaker 3 (29:30):
I'm drinking gold Slogger of all things. Oh no, shit,
I haven't had it so long. I was like, I'm
gonna take a taste of this and still good as ever.
Just needed a break.

Speaker 2 (29:43):
Well, it don't go bad.

Speaker 3 (29:45):
No, it ain't get to go bad. Plus it's in
the refrigerator. I think it's the one you gave me. Okay,
I like that cinnamon stuff. Man, it's better than that
fireball crap. That stuff makes me sick.

Speaker 2 (29:58):
Well, you gotta watch out when you buy that fireball.
There's two different versions. There's one, yeah I know, there's
one that's forty proof or something, and there's the regular eighty proof.

Speaker 3 (30:08):
Yeah, no, I don't. I don't like it. It just
makes my tummy hurt.

Speaker 2 (30:12):
I don't. I don't like that cinnamon shit. Maybe a
shot everyone the gold Slager. It's okay because it's a
hundred proof, you know.

Speaker 3 (30:20):
Yeah, well, of course you.

Speaker 2 (30:22):
Know that wore me up very quickly.

Speaker 3 (30:24):
Yeah, it does it. Yeah, I think I've got that. Yeah,
I've got the hundred proof. You bought it for him.
I think it's the same one you did.

Speaker 2 (30:32):
Still got that ship.

Speaker 3 (30:35):
That's I had so much of it, I got burned
out on it, and I put that one in the
refrigerator and it's been there ever since.

Speaker 2 (30:41):
And now I'm drinking it all right. When the prostitute
gives the phone to the main character, her brust are
covered by a blanket. In the very next shot where
she is giving him the phone, her breasts are visible. Well,
the blanket fell down. Well.

Speaker 3 (30:58):
Now, there's also to note that this detective is kind
of crooked, honestly, a little bit. Yeah, he doesn't, you know,
he's he's seeing a prostitute, sort of treating her like
his wife. And she even says that like, I'm not
cooking you dinner. I'm not your wife.

Speaker 2 (31:13):
He's like, make me a cup of coffee.

Speaker 3 (31:15):
She's yeah, hey, But again, it was the nineteen eighties,
and I think most of the detectives were probably like
that in real life. Honestly, maybe the police world was
a different world back then.

Speaker 2 (31:25):
Yeah, when Jane is tied to the bed by Milkus,
she's wearing her bra. Later she's naked and still tied
to the bed in the same position. There would have
been no way to remove her braw with her hands tied.
Why not cut off? Well, that's what he cut it off.

(31:48):
So when Fay goes upstairs, she reaches to turn the
light on in the dark room and clearly flicks the
light switched downwards. In the United States, where it sat,
she would have been turning it.

Speaker 3 (32:04):
Okay, Now, this is just getting stupidly nitpicky stuff now.

Speaker 2 (32:09):
So yeah, in the US, we all know that the
lights would just go up, So.

Speaker 3 (32:16):
Not in my in the kids room in this house,
somebody put it in backwards and it wasn't me.

Speaker 2 (32:25):
Well that's all about all I got for trivia. So yeah,
that's that's the getting.

Speaker 3 (32:30):
I hate it when they get real nitpicky on that stuff. Yeah,
they were getting a little I find it a little annoying.
Nobody's gonna pay attention. Now, somebody turns a light on.

Speaker 2 (32:39):
Well, actually I didn't notice that.

Speaker 3 (32:42):
I don't because, like I said in the kids room,
the lights opposite.

Speaker 2 (32:48):
All right, well, you got anything else? Or are you
gonna go and start on your you when go first?

Speaker 4 (32:54):
Yeah?

Speaker 2 (32:54):
You go first.

Speaker 3 (32:55):
Well, I'm gonna give this movie all kinds of praise,
believe it or not. Now on the Blue I Got
It says the most controversial horror movie ever made. I
don't know that it's the most controversial. This movie is
controversial to this day in twenty twenty five. I think
this movie is very brutal, very intense, and very hardcore.

(33:18):
I don't know what version I got. I think I
need to get this four K. I don't think I
saw the whole movie. It's the Hitchcock reference is true.
It does have a lot of Hitchcock to it, and
the graphic nudity sort of fits the movie because it's
sort of based around, you know, the whole sixth world

(33:39):
of New York and Times Square. I'm gonna you know,
you and Greg were giving me hell about kills. Well,
I'm gonna tell you what. When he stabs the lady
you know, and I guess it's near the end of
the movie. That shit's graphic. Dude, he cuts her eyeball,
he looks like he cuts her nipple off. It's just

(34:01):
it's fucking it's it's disturbing that that would have been
on my top five list, I think, because it disturbed
me right now watching it this today.

Speaker 2 (34:09):
Well, does your version have the razor blade scene?

Speaker 3 (34:12):
Yes, it does, just don't have the Volkswagen hard.

Speaker 2 (34:15):
Because that was cut out. That whole scene was cut out.
That's fucking brutal as shit.

Speaker 3 (34:20):
It is brutal ass shit. And it looks real as
fuck too. I mean, it's it's some good special effects.
I don't know who did the special effects for this movie,
or probably I bet he used the same guy for
most of his movies. It's good, it's it's this movie
will give you the shivers. If it doesn't, then you're sick.

(34:41):
You're just flat sick if this movie doesn't give you
the creeps, because it's creepy as hell and it's graphic
as hell, and I think it's one of the more
disturbing movies that I've seen. And I can't believe I
watched this thing as a teenager, but like I said,
it was boring to me. I wouldn't have big an
Italian big into the Italian movies as a kid, because
you know, I didn't know what I was watching. I

(35:03):
wanted to see Jason and Michael back then. I think
I'm gonna have to give this movie a four man.

Speaker 2 (35:12):
Okay.

Speaker 3 (35:13):
The first I watched it three times. Like I said,
the first time, I was like, this is the same
old boy movie I remember. Then I got through it
and I'm like, wow, I don't remember all the twists
and turns of this thing.

Speaker 2 (35:26):
Man.

Speaker 3 (35:26):
I watched it another time, and then I watched it today,
and yeah, I think this is a solid four man.
I'm I mean, it's I don't find much wrong with
this movie. It's definitely not for kids, and it's not
for the faint of heart. Do you want if you're
a fan of heart, go watch Art the Clown. Like
I said, Art the Clown is more comedy to me.

(35:48):
I'm sorry. Maybe I'm just that demented. I don't know.

Speaker 2 (35:52):
Yeah that's probably true.

Speaker 3 (35:53):
Yeah, but this movie is disturbing.

Speaker 2 (35:56):
Our buddy Todd Hedges from middle aged and creeped out
should not watch this movie at all.

Speaker 3 (36:01):
No, no, no, no, don't do it.

Speaker 2 (36:04):
I don't reckon. If you're he's not a big gore guy.

Speaker 3 (36:08):
This is not a movie I would recommend if you're
not really into intense gore and if you're offended by
a graphic nudity, because this movie's got all of it.
But I don't find it gratuitous. I think it fits
the plot of the movie, if that makes any sense.
And again, I probably haven't watched this thing.

Speaker 2 (36:26):
I don't know.

Speaker 3 (36:26):
I've got it on Blu Ray, so I watched it
some time ago. Then again, I buy some things and
never watch them too, so I get made fun of
for that a lot.

Speaker 2 (36:36):
But you know what, eventually I got a bunch of
fucking movies.

Speaker 3 (36:40):
I have him opened, I opened, and make sure there's
a disk in there, I think. But yeah, I give
this thing a four, and it's it. Is it the
most controversial movie ever made? No, But I'm gonna tell
you what. Compared to movies that people think are controversial,
like Chainsaw and all that, yeah, this definitely would rate
in in the top thing for me. It's not scary.

(37:04):
It's not really a scary movie, just a graphic crime
thriller Hitchcock like with you know, the added graphic violence
and stuff. So yeah, I think this is I like this. Okay,
I'm glad that you picked it over black We're gonna
do Black Cat next. Okay, then we'll do Zombie and
I don't know about any of the rest of his movies.

(37:25):
The Beyond's good.

Speaker 2 (37:27):
They do the Beyond. Your Turn, Maybe we should finish
out the Gates of Hell, the whole thing. Yeah, we
could do that. So yeah, all right, my turn, and we'll.

Speaker 3 (37:41):
Do Zombie too, because I like Zombie.

Speaker 2 (37:44):
Your turn, all right. I don't remember when the first
time I seen this movie. I know I've seen it
a couple of times on Shutter they've had it on
over the past three four years. I watched it on
there maybe once or twice before I watch it again.

Speaker 3 (38:01):
What did you think when you first paid attention to it?

Speaker 2 (38:05):
Uh? Who done it?

Speaker 3 (38:10):
Yeah, you don't know who done it? And they finally
revealed a killer and then it's.

Speaker 2 (38:14):
Well you didn't know till the very last and it
takes a twist. Yeah, yeah, it takes a twist.

Speaker 3 (38:19):
I said, Hitchcock, he's onto something there.

Speaker 4 (38:23):
Uh.

Speaker 2 (38:26):
Cinematography was great. I like the way they did Oh yeah,
they showed the seediness of New York city at the time,
and uh, even the interior shots were all shot good.

Speaker 3 (38:38):
Oh yeah, it's great, great cinematography. It looks like a
big budget movie to me, which it wasn't obviously exactly.

Speaker 2 (38:48):
Uh, but the blood and special effects top notch.

Speaker 3 (38:54):
Good cold, dude, that might be some of the best
special effects from the eighties that I've ever seen.

Speaker 2 (38:59):
Exactly exactly even the early eighties, even like the autopsy,
you know, the scenes with that, you know.

Speaker 3 (39:08):
The freaking excellent man.

Speaker 2 (39:10):
And everybody did you know, for it being all dubbed
all you know, all the actors, all the actors and
actresses did a great job.

Speaker 3 (39:21):
You know, I don't mind movies that are dubbed at all.

Speaker 2 (39:23):
I really don't.

Speaker 3 (39:25):
Maybe when I was younger that that bothered me, but
it don't now.

Speaker 2 (39:29):
You know, a couple of scenes, you know, a couple
of the sex scenes, and it was like, what the
fuck is going on here? You know, why didn't I
don't understand how that didn't get an X rating?

Speaker 3 (39:40):
You know, well, they compared it to there were two,
I guess, mostly pornographic horror movies that came out around
the time, and they said that interestingly enough, those movies
have only been seen in New York in Times Square
or whever this was, so they found it sort of,
you know, like poetic that it's sort of based on

(40:01):
movies that they probably would have been showing in this movie.

Speaker 2 (40:04):
So yeah, like the old grind house theater, very grindhouse
for sure, for sure. But uh yeah, I'm gonna go
ahead and give this a three point eight. I can't
quite give it a four.

Speaker 3 (40:21):
I'm raising mine to a four point two.

Speaker 2 (40:23):
Okay, Uh, it's not his best film.

Speaker 3 (40:29):
It is too well, No Zombies is best. I think
I forgot who when we did that cemetery movie. I
don't think I realized who that he was the guy
who did Zombie.

Speaker 2 (40:41):
Okay, but yeah, I'm giving it a three point eight.

Speaker 3 (40:45):
Because as we've done this show over the years, I've
started to learn more about the different directors. You know,
our gento. I knew all about you know from a
young age because Suspiria was such an influential movie. But
I'm learning a lot about these guys now. The show's
helping is making me learn by watching and listening.

Speaker 2 (41:05):
Beating your brain.

Speaker 3 (41:07):
But I still don't research anything. I think I did
in the beginning, and it sucked.

Speaker 2 (41:12):
Remember back when we used to write it down?

Speaker 3 (41:15):
Yes, can you believe we used to script this thing?

Speaker 2 (41:18):
Oh shit, then I couldn't read my fucking own right
and read your writing.

Speaker 3 (41:22):
You'd have your glasses on, like I can't read this.
So yeah, I love this movie. It's it's just this
is a This is an intense movie, dude.

Speaker 2 (41:32):
Yeah it is. It's intense for sure. Uh. I'm gonna
go ahead and move it up to a four.

Speaker 3 (41:39):
There are good? Well I gave it to the four
point three, didn't. I think that's where I'm staying up
another point point.

Speaker 2 (41:47):
Just for the just for the special effects and the
the kill scenes.

Speaker 3 (41:51):
And I'm telling you that song fucking awesome as ship man.

Speaker 2 (41:55):
So yeah, all right, you got it. That's it. That's
the only reason I'm not giving it any highers because
of the score.

Speaker 3 (42:05):
I think the score fit the movie.

Speaker 2 (42:07):
Honestly, it was just weird. To me.

Speaker 3 (42:09):
It was weird, but I think it fit. But it
does sound like a nineteen eighties wrestling theme song. Maybe
that's why I like it.

Speaker 2 (42:17):
Some of it was they were just like hitting something
metallic and just you know, like, yeah, that's true too.
Thinking sound you know, I think.

Speaker 3 (42:26):
The score fit. Now, I wish I'd have bought this
fucking four K when it came out with the score.

Speaker 2 (42:31):
But all right, you got anything else on?

Speaker 3 (42:35):
My set looks really good tonight. For some reason, I
don't know why, you can see everything.

Speaker 2 (42:44):
All right, Well, I guess that's all we got for
the New York Ripper.

Speaker 3 (42:48):
Talking about a Ripper, there's the Phantom of the Opera
right there if you can see. Don't have the I
don't have Jack the Ripper, but the Phantom of the Opera,
that old Lon Cheney version reminded me of the of
a Ripper story. Now if that's all I got, Okay,

(43:09):
that's all I got.

Speaker 2 (43:10):
Uh, three weeks and we're gonna be at Texas frightmer
weekend hanging out.

Speaker 3 (43:16):
When we're not going all three nights.

Speaker 2 (43:18):
I hope my day, Well, Sunday is my birthday, so
we might not go Sunday, okay, but we're definitely doing
Friday night and Saturday all day Saturday. So that's that's
need to.

Speaker 3 (43:30):
Get there early Friday. After the experience we had last.

Speaker 2 (43:34):
Well, it's closer now, so you know, a lot closer.

Speaker 4 (43:41):
Uh.

Speaker 2 (43:42):
Yeah, So we're going to be there and I don't
know a little. I ain't really got nothing much else
going on. I ain't doing nothing with the Haunt, but
trying to. It's been too fucking wet to burn anything.

Speaker 3 (43:53):
Now we're in a we're in one of our wet
periods in Texas, very wet. I said, anybody want to
donate to the Hunt, feel free. We take donations.

Speaker 2 (44:04):
It's very moist back there.

Speaker 3 (44:06):
Yeah, but we'll take donations and it all goes to
good cause.

Speaker 2 (44:11):
I guess we had somebody asking the group one time
where to work and we donate.

Speaker 3 (44:17):
It's like, yeah, we're probably gonna if we get any Legitimately,
I should have said this in the beginning. If we
get any money monetary donations, we're probably going to donate
a good percentage of that to some charity. I don't
think we're gonna do the can Goods this year.

Speaker 2 (44:31):
Yeah, since we're only doing it one night.

Speaker 3 (44:33):
Yeah, I think I'd rather if people want to give
us some money, then we'll we'll give a good percentage
to We'll find some good charity. I don't know, maybe
the Humane Society, you know, I like my animals.

Speaker 2 (44:44):
That's a good idea. Yeah, yeah, the canned foods it's
just a pain in the ass taking them all down
there to the place and all that they're only opened
certain times of the day, and yeah, it's just a
pain in the ass.

Speaker 3 (44:58):
Again, we don't know what the future the hot holds,
because they're going to be doing construction in the neighborhood,
which may last up to two years. So I keep saying,
this might be the last year of it. We might
not have a choice.

Speaker 2 (45:11):
So well, we thought we maybe weren't gonna be able
to do it this year.

Speaker 3 (45:16):
Yeah, they're not going to start the work to laughter
the Haunt. But this is my fortieth year in the
hot business. I started nineteen eighty five at the American Legion,
playing ahead, first paid gig ahead, laying ahead, huh, laying
ahead in a table, head on a table. I never
played that role again. The next year, I was a
I think I was a vampire from that point on

(45:37):
until the Blue Demon got born.

Speaker 2 (45:39):
Everybody that I've known that's done that head thing says
it sucks because you're on your fucking knees the whole time.

Speaker 3 (45:44):
Well, I was a little kid, so I don't think
it really bothered me. But I know that some of
the older kids that the American leagues were making fun
of me, and I'm like, hey, I am told him.
I said, look, I didn't dream this up. If I
had my way, I would have been my wolf man again.

Speaker 2 (45:58):
So you were just a little head. Then.

Speaker 3 (46:00):
Yeah, that was my first paid gig and it was
in nineteen eighty five. So this is my fortieth year
of the hot world and I don't know what to
do to commended.

Speaker 2 (46:11):
I have no clue. Well, I started ninety five, so.

Speaker 3 (46:17):
I got ten years on you. I only had about
maybe two years maybe three that I actually would have
missed anything in The One year is because of them
damn eye surgery. The other year is because I got
pissed off at everybody and with the Colorado. And I
think the first year I worked at the County, which
would have been ninety three, I don't think I was

(46:37):
able to do any much anything for Halloween that year
because I'd never worked a forty hour week job before,
so sort of a culture shock. But besides those, I've
done something every year, whether it was a backyard, a
pro hon, a front yard set up, I've had something
going on. Man be the last, the final skier.

Speaker 2 (47:02):
Who knows the last hoorah, the.

Speaker 3 (47:05):
Last Sciar, the final Scare of the Last Scear, I
don't know would be a good title for that.

Speaker 2 (47:10):
Plus we're fucking old, We're getting old.

Speaker 3 (47:15):
The kids don't seem to be in it as much. Yeah,
I don't know what the future holds for the Hant
world now. I just don't know.

Speaker 2 (47:26):
We'll have to wait and see. I don't know.

Speaker 3 (47:29):
Yeah, if anybody ever wanted to see a haunt that
we run, you better come this year because there just
might not be another one. Don't know that. I want
to firmly say this is the final scare or the
last scare, but it it just probably could be. It
looks very likely like it probably might be. Because if
we don't run it for a year, I'm not going back.

(47:50):
I'm not gonna I'm not going to take the year
off and have to redo it again.

Speaker 2 (47:55):
So yeah, true, it's.

Speaker 3 (47:59):
In your donation plan, your trips. We'll be running on
Halloween night apparently. Is that we've decided for good? Yeah,
because all the kids can go up to Bonnie Brace
Street and do trigg or treating before they work the haunt,
and all kids are going to be assigned to a
room they're not going to be assigned to work together.
If they're found together or they're not doing their ship,
they're gonna be put on the porch and they're gonna

(48:20):
sit the rest of the night.

Speaker 2 (48:23):
I don't know who's gonna be.

Speaker 3 (48:24):
I don't know who the hont manager is going to be.
It will not be me, I refuse.

Speaker 2 (48:31):
Well, evidently it ain't gonna be Scarlet again because she
she said she don't ever want to do it again.

Speaker 3 (48:39):
Oh shit, all right, maybe we'll hire a professional hot
manager like Madison.

Speaker 2 (48:46):
But if you're in North Texas.

Speaker 3 (48:50):
Week you are in Indiana, yeah, come on down, come
on down. We might put you to work.

Speaker 2 (48:58):
And then and then in July we got Texas Invention.

Speaker 3 (49:02):
Yeah, Hunter's Convention. I get those confused.

Speaker 2 (49:05):
Which is at the same place as Texas fright bear, So.

Speaker 3 (49:08):
Isn't that good. I'm glad they're both in the same
place now.

Speaker 2 (49:10):
That suck going over there to Mesquite.

Speaker 3 (49:12):
Man, it's terrible. And that place was naty. It wasn't
a good venue. Those bathrooms are nasty. It just wouldn't it.
I'm so glad those guys have made it to get
to where they're at now, too, because they're good guys.
I like all of them. Yeah, So I guess I've
talked enough, so we'll let you sign off.

Speaker 2 (49:30):
We'll let you talk. Well, we've talked enough, all right.

Speaker 3 (49:33):
I'm in a talking mood than that, apparently.

Speaker 2 (49:37):
All right, everybody, Well, thanks for watching listening. Check us
out on the social media's Join the Evil Ones group
if you want. Just got to answer a couple of
questions and it automatically lets you in and hit that
like and subscribe on the YouTube. And I guess we'll

(49:57):
talk to you next week. Yeah. I don't know what
doing next week. I have no clue. We'll think of something.
Oh kay, all right, everybody. Oh, we forgot to mention
that the killer talk like a duck, so we did
forget that. I don't think, motherfucker.

Speaker 3 (50:15):
I don't think it bothered me though, but he did.
He's Donald Duck killer. How do we miss that part?
I guess it just I forgot me until just now.
I don't think it really bothered me. I thought it
sort of felt a lot of people think it's comedic,
but I just thought it kind of fit the movie. So, yeah,
he did talk like Donald Duck. But quack quack motherfucker.
Stay evil, Stay evil.

Speaker 5 (50:36):
Everybody bring you all there.

Speaker 2 (51:13):
Speaking.

Speaker 6 (51:13):
What do you want a dedicated murder to you?

Speaker 4 (51:27):
Somebody call for you? Yeah, the guy with a strange
voice said, he called you back.

Speaker 2 (51:32):
He sounded just like a duck, Just like a duck.

Speaker 5 (51:39):
The guy who attacked her as our friend who calls
and talks like a duck.

Speaker 2 (51:43):
Well, he made his first big mistake. Yeah. Anyway, we've
got all five Burroughs alerted, and we'll also inform all
the radio stations. It shouldn't be too hard to find
a guy missing two fingers in his right hand.

Speaker 4 (51:57):
H down top.

Speaker 3 (51:59):
Think I'm.

Speaker 4 (52:01):
With your stupid Tracy Jane? Do you bick y?

Speaker 2 (52:33):
You give me all the data and we'll wait till
the next victim. Think you'll do it again?

Speaker 6 (52:36):
Oh yes, Well
Advertise With Us

Popular Podcasts

On Purpose with Jay Shetty

On Purpose with Jay Shetty

I’m Jay Shetty host of On Purpose the worlds #1 Mental Health podcast and I’m so grateful you found us. I started this podcast 5 years ago to invite you into conversations and workshops that are designed to help make you happier, healthier and more healed. I believe that when you (yes you) feel seen, heard and understood you’re able to deal with relationship struggles, work challenges and life’s ups and downs with more ease and grace. I interview experts, celebrities, thought leaders and athletes so that we can grow our mindset, build better habits and uncover a side of them we’ve never seen before. New episodes every Monday and Friday. Your support means the world to me and I don’t take it for granted — click the follow button and leave a review to help us spread the love with On Purpose. I can’t wait for you to listen to your first or 500th episode!

Dateline NBC

Dateline NBC

Current and classic episodes, featuring compelling true-crime mysteries, powerful documentaries and in-depth investigations. Special Summer Offer: Exclusively on Apple Podcasts, try our Dateline Premium subscription completely free for one month! With Dateline Premium, you get every episode ad-free plus exclusive bonus content.

24/7 News: The Latest

24/7 News: The Latest

The latest news in 4 minutes updated every hour, every day.

Music, radio and podcasts, all free. Listen online or download the iHeart App.

Connect

© 2025 iHeartMedia, Inc.