The Post-Quantum World

The Post-Quantum World

Follow The Post-Quantum World, where Protiviti and our guests explore quantum computing and its business impacts, benefits and threats. Quantum computing capabilities are exploding, causing disruption and opportunities, but many technology and business leaders still don’t understand the impact quantum will have on their business. Protiviti is helping organizations get post-quantum ready. In our bi-weekly podcast series, The Post-Quantum World, Protiviti Associate Director and host Konstantinos Karagiannis is joined by quantum computing experts to discuss hot topics in quantum computing, including the business impact, benefits and threats of this exciting new capability. Visit www.protiviti.com/postquantum to learn more about how Protiviti is helping organizations get post-quantum ready. For questions or additional information, contact Konstantinos Karagiannis: konstantinos.karagiannis@protiviti.com.

Episodes

Running Shor’s Algorithm on Logical Qubits - with Peter Noell of Infleqtion

September 17, 2025 • 36 mins
For the first time, Shor’s Algorithm is running on logical qubits! The team at Infleqtion used their Sqale neutral atom processor to accomplish the feat. While the setup only uses six logical qubits, and we’re still in the range of factoring 15 or 21, this is both a proof of concept and a proof of the need for post-quantum cryptography (PQC). We discuss the aggressive 2.5:1 physical-to-logical ratio of Sqale, which could lead to hu...
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Welcome to the Quantum Network – with Reza Nejabati and Ramana Kompella of Cisco

September 3, 2025 • 32 mins
 Imagine a world where quantum computers seamlessly share entangled particles across data centers, solving problems beyond the reach of classical systems. This may be possible soon thanks to a groundbreaking quantum networking entanglement chip capable of generating 200 million entangled photon pairs per second at room temperature. Cisco is redefining networking again, doing everything from detecting eavesdroppers on classical netw...
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One PQC Playbook – with Kevin Hilscher of DigiCert

August 20, 2025 • 32 mins
DigiCert is widely recognized for its expertise in PKI and as a TLS certificate authority. As you can imagine, they have a significant perspective on the quantum computing threat to encryption and the migration to post-quantum cryptography (PQC). We cover everything from the challenges of upgrading IoT devices to ML-DSA signature sizes, as well as the new DigiCert One platform the company offers to help manage the migration process...
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Cracking Encryption by 2030? – with Dean Kassmann of IonQ

August 6, 2025 • 38 mins
IonQ is poised to redefine the quantum computing landscape, projecting a staggering 80,000 logical qubits by 2030—potentially unlocking the power to crack encryption. NIST has us on a timeline to upgrade to post-quantum cryptography (PQC) by 2035, so this 5-year gap may spell doom for cybersecurity. Of course, these machines will also revolutionize industries from finance to drug discovery to AI. How is IonQ boosting their roadmap ...
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Open-Source Quantum Sensing at DEF CON – with Mark Carney and Victoria Kumaran at Quantum Village

July 23, 2025 • 34 mins
DEF CON 33 approaches, bringing with it the fourth year of Quantum Village. Nothing like getting hands-on with quantum computing and sensing technology at the world’s leading hacking conference. To that end, this episode explores the open-source quantum sensing device and software that our guests Mark Carney and Victoria Kumaran are presenting in Vegas. And yes, for the third year in a row, host Konstantinos Karagiannis will be spe...
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Protocols Accelerating Quantum Advantage – with Daniel Volz of Kipu Quantum

July 9, 2025 • 33 mins
How much performance can you squeeze out of quantum computing by improving the stack? A lot happens in code before classical bits touch qubits. One company’s hardware-specific algorithms, delivered via a cloud platform, supercharge real-world applications like protein folding and AI-enhanced machine learning. From outperforming classical tools like Gurobi on IBM’s 156-qubit processor to slashing circuit depths by up to 1,000x, Kipu...
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ML-KEM Cocreator Unlocks Lattice-Based Cryptography — with Joppe Bos of NXP

June 25, 2025 • 43 mins
When NIST released the first post-quantum cryptography standards in August 2024, it set off a domino effect that will hopefully result in protecting the world from the quantum computing threat. Now that we’re beginning to migrate and trust our data to lattice-based cryptography, it’s a good time to examine how ML-KEM works and get some hints about how to implement it well. And who better to ask than one of the coauthors of the PQC ...
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A Global Quantum Computing Forecast — with Celia Merzbacher of QED-C

June 11, 2025 • 41 mins
Quantum computing and sensing are emerging markets, but they are already worth well over $1 billion. How is growth looking? Some trends may surprise you, including a shift to on-prem quantum computers. Has AI really stolen quantum’s thunder, or is it about to synergistically help our industry and qubit counts grow? Join host Konstantinos Karagiannis for a wide-ranging chat with Celia Merzbacher, where they discuss solid global rese...
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Aerospace Quantum Advantage — with Michael Biercuk of Q-CTRL

May 28, 2025 • 42 mins
Over 1,000 GPS denial attacks happen around the world … every day! If GPS fails, planes, ships and drones could be stranded in a fog of uncertainty or forced into a dangerous situation. Can the unprecedented precision of quantum sensing help? We dive into cutting-edge innovations at Q-CTRL, exploring how AI-powered quantum navigation is revolutionizing aerospace and defense, outsmarting GPS denial attacks, and unlocking a future wh...
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Moving Companies to PQC VPN — with American Binary

May 14, 2025 • 35 mins
Post-quantum cryptography is rapidly moving from the realm of NIST standards to running in production. The threat of quantum computing advances and coming regulations are driving this acceleration. One major component on the PQC migration plan for companies is VPN. In this episode we look at the Ambit corporate VPN client, which uses a standardized NIST PQC cipher: ML-KEM. Did you know there are potential gotchas with trying hybrid...
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Quantum Hype Check — with Anastasia Marchenkova

April 30, 2025 • 56 mins
Quantum computing is a fast-moving field, and not just when photons are involved. Join host Konstantinos Karagiannis for a wide-ranging chat with Anastasia Marchenkova, where they cover recent developments and potential future outcomes. Topics include: chip hype, logical qubits, imminent practical business use cases, quantum random numbers, the implications of AI in quantum coding, investing, and networking or interconnect. Get cau...
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Investing in Graphene Dots and Other Quantum Tech — with Sean Brehm of Spectral Capital

April 16, 2025 • 29 mins
As the quantum computing industry continues to evolve, it’s only natural that quantum incubators start appearing. How do investors like this choose what technologies to back in early stages? We look at the choices being made by one such investor, Spectral Capital. Join host Konstantinos Karagiannis for a wide-ranging chat with Sean Brehm on graphene quantum dots, a quantum blockchain, and algorithms with wide use cases.  
For more i...
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Quantum Supremacy Achieved — with Alan Baratz and Trevor Lanting of D-Wave

April 2, 2025 • 38 mins
What better way to celebrate four years and 100 episodes of The Post-Quantum World than to talk about an achievement we’ve all been waiting for. If you’ve been watching quantum news feeds, you might have heard of the D-Wave supremacy paper published in Science. Using an Advantage 2 system, D-Wave has performed a useful task for materials science faster and with less power consumption than a classical supercomputer. Researchers have...
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PQC-Powered Corporate Messaging – with Anurag Lal of NetSfere

March 19, 2025 • 35 mins
Migrating to post-quantum cryptography across an organization will take time. But while you are replacing every cipher to defend against the threat side of quantum computing, you may also want to add systems that bring new functionality and come with PQC out of the gate. Imagine a mobile messaging app like WhatsApp, but with NIST-approved ML-KEM under the hood and enterprise-grade controls. From hospitals dodging ransomware to fina...
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Error Correction Breakthrough (20x Boost) — with Stephanie Simmons of Photonic

March 5, 2025 • 37 mins
Quantum computing needs low-overhead error correction to truly scale. Building thousands of qubits to end up with a couple of useful logical ones feels like a bad strategy. Photonic recently published a paper describing a new type of error correction code that promises a 20x reduction in the number of qubits needed to run quantum algorithms that solve real business problems. Are these so-called SHYPS QLDPC codes the path to fault-t...
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Topological Qubits are Here! Discussing Majorana 1 — with Chetan Nayak of Microsoft

February 19, 2025 • 32 mins
Quantum computing will never be the same again. Join host Konstantinos Karagiannis for a special onsite interview at Microsoft Azure Quantum labs, where he was invited to see the launch of Majorana 1, the world’s first quantum processor powered by topological qubits. On the day this episode is posted, Nature will release a paper validating how Microsoft was able to create a topoconductor, or new material stack of indium arsenide an...
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PQC Survey Says … What 4,000 Professionals Are Doing About It — with Samantha Mabey of Entrust

February 5, 2025 • 36 mins
I'm always asked the same question when talking to customers about the threats of quantum computing and the move to post-quantum cryptography. What are similar companies doing about it? It’s only been half a year since the NIST standards were published, but we’re starting to see some traction. Join host Konstantinos Karagiannis for a chat with Samantha Mabey from Entrust about an interesting study on migration, along with some tact...
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Here Comes the Helios – 50 Logical Qubits, All Right – with Rajeeb Hazra of Quantinuum

January 22, 2025 • 36 mins
Many companies call 2025 the year of quantum computing for reasons ranging from PQC to better applications and hardware. Here comes the Helios system from Quantinuum, and we say it’s all right to celebrate 50 logical qubits this year. We look at the company’s roadmap, aggressive error-correction ratios, and some innovative ways the coming systems will work with AI to solve problems and not just generate hype. Join host Konstantinos...
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Running Classical Binaries on Qubits — with Joe Fitzsimons of Horizon Quantum

January 8, 2025 • 37 mins
Most applications businesses rely on are complex, with subroutines, loops, etc. Is it possible to run a binary like this on a quantum computer? Not quite, but one company has a tool that identifies portions of code where quantum computing circuits could make a difference and then manages the necessary handoffs. Join host Konstantinos Karagiannis as he discusses the future of running programs on both classical chips and qubits with ...
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Logical Qubit Roadmap (28 and Counting) — with Kristen Pudenz of Atom Computing

December 11, 2024 • 40 mins
You could summarize 2024 in two quantum computing topics: the release of the NIST PQC standards and the arrival of logical qubits. We dig into the latter in this episode. Atom Computing recently performed computation on 28 logical qubits with the help of Microsoft’s qubit virtualization. The future roadmap is optimistic and exciting for those looking for quantum advantage from hardware. Join host Konstantinos Karagiannis as he disc...
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