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January 8, 2024 • 15 mins
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(00:00):
Tesla is developing a brand new,cutting edge electric vehicle, and it's only
going to cost you twenty five thousanddollars to own. But how could it
even be possible in today's world tobuild a compelling vehicle at such a low
price, particularly an electric vehicle.Well, there's a secret behind the twenty

(00:20):
five k Tesla that makes it morethan just a cheap car. This is
a revolution in manufacturing and efficiency,and this is how we change the world.
We've been eagerly anticipating the twenty fivethousand dollars Tesla for a long while
now. We were originally promised torelease date in twenty twenty three, but
as with most things Elon related,timelines are more of a suggestion rather than

(00:43):
written in stone, and while thereis still much to be decided, we
did get a lot more certainty atthe Tesla Investor Day event in March twenty
twenty three. But a small sidenote before we dive into that, it's
worth remembering that this car will notactually be called the Model two. Elon
was very clear about the name duringthe Tesla Annual shareholder Meeting way back in

(01:07):
twenty twenty one, stating Model twois not a car. There's no Model
two now. Has that stopped mostpeople from still calling it the Model two?
Of course not so. Until Elongives us an actual name for the
sake of simplicity and clarity, wewill be joining everyone else and refer to
it as the Model two as well. Tesla, as an automobile company,

(01:29):
exists to create sustainable and environmentally friendlymobility, and while the company has introduced
progressively cheaper cars over the years,the lowest price Model three, still starts
at almost forty thousand dollars today.Of course, it didn't stop the even
more expensive Model Why from becoming theworld's best selling car this year, beating
the Toyota Corolla that costs half asmuch. That being said, forty thousand

(01:53):
dollars is still a lot of moneyfor most people who want to own a
car, and those people are stillmostly using cars that run on petroleum fuel.
Tesla wants the Model Too to bethe solution the next phase of the
EV puzzle, a car for themasses. This is a hugely significant move
for widespread EV adoption. Sure,there are a few cars that fall in

(02:17):
the price range already, the ChevroletBolt EV and Nissan Leaf are two such
examples that are relatively affordable and costbetween twenty seven and thirty thousand dollars,
but they haven't been very successful.There are a few valid reasons for that.
The average person purchasing a sub thirtythousand dollars car can likely only afford

(02:37):
one car, and it must doall that is expected of a commuter car
without any hiccups. It's not theprice bracket you will find technology enthusiasts and
early adopters in. This is insteadthe segment that prioritizes reliability, efficiency and
utility, and the current affordable evsdon't check all the boxes in that regard.

(02:59):
The Nissan Leaf has a claimed drivingrange of just one hundred and forty
nine miles. The Chevrolet Bolt EVboasts a better two hundred and fifty nine
miles, and those just aren't goodenough numbers to make people ditch their gas
guzzlers, especially for those who makethe occasional trip out of town and are
already skeptical of new technology. Thefinal nail in the coffin is, of

(03:22):
course, the charging infrastructure. Nothingcomes close to the Tesla supercharger network when
it comes to reliability and performance.Non Tesla charging stations have been plagued with
issues ranging from lower than advertised chargingspeeds to simply not charging at all.
The Internet is littered with increasingly frustratedand annoyed EV owners being let down when

(03:45):
they needed it most, and fora potential customer, this utter lack of
reliable charging networks can be a dealbreaker. It's so bad, in fact,
that Ford and General Motors signed apartnership with Tesla, announcing that in
twenty ti twenty four their vehicles willbe able to charge at Tesla superchargers via
an adapter, and in twenty twentyfive all their vehicles will come with the

(04:09):
Tesla and ACS ports from the factory. But when it comes to affordable evs
themselves, there is a gap inthe market. Volkswagen hopes to fill it
with the production version of the IDtwo concept that they unveiled in March twenty
twenty three. They are aiming fora sticker price of twenty seven thousand dollars.
Also in development at VW is acheaper EV set to be priced at

(04:32):
the twenty one thousand dollars mark andto be unveiled by twenty twenty six.
But with the generally terrible reception Volkswagen'scurrent EV range has received. It remains
to be seen if these will provesuccessful. The eventual arrival of the Model
two changes that landscape dramatically. Sowhat do we know about this upcoming car?

(04:54):
While the highlight remains its affordable twentyfive thousand dollars sticker price, which
hopefully does go the way of thethirty five thousand dollars Model three, it
will sit on a completely new platformand will be Tesla's first car designed to
be primarily utilitarian. Elon Musk describedit saying, it's not meant to fill
you with awe and magic. It'sto get you from A to B.

(05:17):
Now, that's not to say itstill won't be beautiful to look at,
and while we don't have a finaldesign, we do know it will have
a really short front and rear overhanks, with much less storage space than the
rest of the Tesla range. Alot of the design, external and internal,
was defined by ease of manufacturing andreducing processes. Tesla wants to make

(05:42):
this car easy and efficient to manufacture, and saving costs at every stage remains
a high priority in making this asaffordable as possible. In the third quarter
earnings call for twenty twenty three,Elon reiterated how seriously Tesla was taking cost
reduction. Even small things like internalstickers and QR codes were being evaluated for

(06:03):
their contribution to the vehicle's cost.If the model, too is to be
a primarily utilitarian car, though,does it mean it won't share these sports
car humiliating performance figures of other Teslas? Can it be? Dare we say?
Slow? Well, we don't knowjust yet. What Tesla has told

(06:23):
us is the car will have anew type of electric motor that will use
zero rare Earth materials in it.That's the expensive stuff that drives up cost.
In addition to that, the engineershave also reduced silicon carbide used for
key components like transistors by seventy fivepercent, allowing Tesla to manufacture these new

(06:43):
drive units for just one thousand dollars. For context, if you were to
buy yourself a motor replacement, itwould cost ninety nine hundred dollars. So,
simply put, this is a veryexpensive item that will now be a
lot less expensive, which is goodfor us the consumer. The new unit
will also be compatible with any batterychemistry, so the twenty one to seventy

(07:05):
cells which use nickel cobalt aluminum ornickel cobalt manganese cathodes, and the relatively
new lithium iron phosphate cathodes can beused as well. If keeping the car
affordable is the goal, which webelieve it is, we expect the Model
two will be powered by a singlemotor, and while we don't know how
this new unit will perform, weare keeping our fingers crossed Tesla engineers can

(07:28):
work their magic the way they didwith the single motor rear wheel drive Model
three. Those can still hit sixtymiles an hour from standstill in five point
eight seconds. And in addition toall of this, Elon famously said at
the unveiling of the Model three intwenty sixteen, at Tesla, we don't
make slow cars, so hopefully thatstill holds true. Tesla's Master Plan Part

(07:50):
three also confirmed a fifty three kilowatthour lithium iron phosphate battery pack for a
low cost model, and it's fairto assume this is the one that we
will see in the Model two.Using Tesla's own forty six eighty cell format
and LFP chemistry, we can expecta range of at least two hundred and
fifty miles. This range is ofcourse speculation, since range is a factor

(08:13):
of battery and software in addition toother areas like aerodynamic drag, and Tesla
could still find further improvements to surpriseus. All. With Tesla now using
its own forty six eighty cells manufacturedat Gigafactory, Texas, we can anticipate
better efficiency. So the Model twolooks promising, but with an uncertain launch
date in the future, the competitionis heating up. European manufacturers are bringing

(08:39):
more affordable EV soon, and theidea of a twenty five thousand dollars EV
might not remain as exclusive as itfeels right now. What really makes this
endeavor so promising, though, isTesla's commitment to manufacturing efficiencies that drive down
costs, and the Model two willbe a combination of years of constant development
and improvement. Elon said in anearnings call in twenty twenty two. It

(09:01):
will cost the same to manufacture twounits of the Model two as it does
to manufacture one Model three at thetime, and we finally have a better
idea what that process will look likewe know. Tesla made some huge improvements
in manufacturing efficiencies with the Model Why. The company used the immensely powerful Gigapress
to replace hundreds of parts with justtwo large castings and a battery pack.

(09:24):
The battery pack itself is used asa structural component, a concept very common
in the motorcycle world. All thissaved Tesla about forty percent in costs.
With the Model two, this willgo a step further as they aim to
cast the entire underbody of the carin just one piece using a brand new
sixteen thousand ton Gigapress, their mostpowerful one to date. When it comes

(09:48):
to putting the car together in thefactory, the process has remained virtually unchanged
for the last hundred years since HenryFord pioneered the concept. It starts with
the external show of the car beingput together, including the doors. Then
it would move on to be painted, after which the doors are removed and
individual components from the engine to theinterior and underbody are installed one at a
time. All this happens in serieson a single production line, with the

(10:13):
parts of the car assembled and disassembledmultiple times along the way. But Tesla
has developed a better system that makesit far more efficient, which they call
the unboxed process. Every side ofthe car is worked on independently and in
parallel, so the doors are builtindependently, the interior is installed as a
separate assembly, and the floor isprepared with the seats mounted on them.

(10:35):
Only once these sub assemblies are readydo they come together. At the end
of the line, putting the sidestogether with a front and rear that is
already assembled, and the underbody israised into the car, then the completely
built doors and wheels come in atthe end. This approach to building the
car in parallel instead of in series, means more people or machines can be

(10:56):
working on a single car at thesame time, and there's less time spent
doing nothing. Tesla claims a thirtypercent improvement in time, space and efficiency.
All of this is only possible becauseof Tesla's philosophy of running a few
key processes in parallel. Design,engineering, manufacturing, and automation teams all
work together instead of in silos.While this sounds incredibly chaotic, in fact,

(11:22):
this collaboration affords the company the abilityto brainstorm and problem solve unlike any
other. So when the design andengineering teams are developing a car. It's
hand in hand with what is possiblefrom a manufacturing and automation standpoint, and
with the huge leaps that Tesla hasmade in manufacturing efficiency, it's clear that
it works. Tesla has worked hardto simplify and reduce all of its processes,

(11:46):
and the Model Too is a culminationof that endeavor, with a vehicle
that does not compromise on quality butis exponentially more efficient to manufacture. In
long term, this efficiency might endup being Tesla's biggest competitive advantage. Initially,
Tesla planned to build the Model Tooat the upcoming Gigafactory Mexico. As

(12:07):
we mentioned earlier, engineering and manufacturingteams work together, so while prototyping and
R and D takes place, manufacturingteams collaborate to ensure it all makes operational
sense. When it comes to actuallybuilding a car on the production line,
which is also developed alongside, itis a resource and labor intensive process and
would involve Tesla's top engineers and expertsrelocating to Mexico for the duration of the

(12:31):
project. However, we've now learnedfrom Walter Isaacson's biography of Elon Musk that
this will no longer be the case. The teams were unwilling to relocate,
and thus the vehicle and its productionline will be developed at Gigafactory, Texas
before being copied to other places likeMexico, Berlin, and China. That's
right, the Model too will bemanufactured across Tesla's network of factories around the

(12:54):
world. Because it aims to bethe highest selling car in the lineup by
a long shot, Tesla believes itwill exceed the production of all their other
vehicles combined. That's millions of unitsannually, pushing Tesla closer to its long
standing goal of building twenty million carsper year by twenty thirty. So the
Model two is shaping up to bethe next big thing for Tesla. But

(13:18):
did you know it almost didn't happen? Mack. In twenty twenty one,
Elon Musk outlined his vision to developa fully autonomous electric vehicle, no steering
wheel, pedals, or mirrors.It would be called the Robotaxi and be
smaller and less expensive than the Modelthree. He said, we are not
going to design some sort of amphibianfrog that's a halfway car. We are

(13:39):
all in on autonomy, but Teslaexecutives thought it was too risky of a
gamble. Chief designer Franz von Holshausenand others worked very hard to convince Elon
that the full self driving system mightnot be ready in the way it needs
to be, and if it is, there might still be regulatory hurdles in
the international market. They instead convincedElon to explore the idea of an affordable

(14:03):
car, since a huge market forone existed. Fortunately, he agreed and
the Model II project was born.However, the Robotaxi is not dead.
Tesla still has its planned dead seton that vehicle, and it will share
the same platform as the Model too. Tesla also took another major step forward,
refining its full self driving tech witha radical shift in its philosophy.

(14:26):
Currently in its eleventh version, theFSD system uses a rules based approach,
where road laws and rules are fedinto the programming and then implemented by the
vehicle. For FSD version twelve,though, Tesla is trying out a learning
system instead. This dictates that insteadof following hard and fast rules, the
system learns from footage of incident recordings, something Tesla has thousands of hours of.

(14:50):
This is cutting edge artificial intelligence inaction, and we saw this when
Elon went live on x a whileback, demonstrating it in his own car
with no accidents, at least noneon camera. It's fair to say,
though perfecting FSD is at the heartof making Robotaxi a success. The world
of electric vehicles is evolving faster thanever. Traditional automakers have finally got up

(15:15):
to speed, and even though theystill have some catching up to do,
we can expect the cars to comethick and fast now. With the model
to Tesla is once again looking toleapfrog the industry, and with what we
know, looks poised to do so. The advancement it has made in manufacturing
processes and efficiency are commendable. Asto when we can expect to see one,
a good guess would be sometime inearly twenty twenty five, but let's

(15:37):
be honest, Elon is not knownfor being on time with these things.
Until then, though, we shallkeep our eyes peeled and always have twenty
five thousand dollars kept aside.
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