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Speaker 1 (00:00):
Chapter forty four. The two great commercial companies of the
North today are the Northern Commercial Company and the North
American Transportation and Trading Company. The Alaska Commercial Company and
the North American Transportation and Trading Company were the first
to be established on the Yukon, with headquarters at Saint
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Michael near the mouth of the river. In eighteen ninety eight,
the Alaska Exploration Company established its station across the bay
from St. Michael on the mainland, and during that year
a number of other companies were located there, only two
of which, however, proved to be of any permanency, the
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Empire Transportation Company and the Seattle Yukon Transportation Company. In
nineteen o one, the Alaska Commercial, Empire Transportation and Alaska
Exploration Companies formed a combination which operated under the names
of the Northern Commercial Company and the Northern Navigation Company,
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the former being a trading and the latter esteamship company.
Owing to certain conditions, the Seattle Yukon Transportation Company was
unable to join the combination, and its properties, consisting principally
of three steamers together with four barges, were sold to
the newly formed company. During the first year of the consolidation,
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the North American Transportation and Trading Company worked in harmony
with the Northern Navigation Company, Captain I. N. Hibberd of
San Francisco, having charge of the entire Lower River fleet,
with the exception of one or two small tramp boats.
By that time, very fine combination passenger and freight boats
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were in operation, having been built at Unalaska and towed
to Saint Michael. In its trips up and down the river,
each steamer towed one or two barges, the combine and
cargo of the steamer and tow being about eight hundred tons.
It was impossible for a boat to make more than
two round trips during the summer season, the average time
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required being fourteen days on the up trip and eight
on the down four the better boats, and twenty and
ten days respectively for inferior ones without barges, which always
added at least ten days to a trip. After a year,
the North American Transportation and Trading Company withdrew from the
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combination and has since operated its own steamers. Of all
these companies, the Alaska Commercial is the oldest, having been
founded in eighteen sixty eight. It was the pioneer of
American trading companies in Alaska, and was for twenty years
the Lacie of the pribilof Seo Rookeries. It had a
small passenger and freight boat on the Yukon. In eighteen
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sixty nine, the other companies owed their existence to the
Klondike Gold Discoveries. The two companies now operating on the
Yukon have immense stores and warehouses at Dawson and Saint Michael,
and smaller ones at almost every post on the Yukon,
While the n C Company, as it is commonly known,
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has establishments up many of the tributary rivers as picturesque
as the Hudson Bay Company, and far more just and
humaneian their treatment of the Indians, the American companies have
reason to be proud of their record in the far North.
In eighteen eighty six, when a large number of miners
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started for the Stuart River mines, the agent of the
A C Company at Saint Michael received advice from headquarters
in San Francisco that an extra amount of provisions had
been sent to him to meet all possible demands that
might be made upon him during the winter. He was
further advised that the shipment was not made for the
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purpose of realizing profits beyond the regular schedule of prices
already established, but for humane purposes entirely to avoid any
suffering that might occur owing to the large increase in population.
He was therefore directed to store the extra supplies as
a reserve to meet the probable need to dispose of
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the same to actual customers only and in such quantities
as would enable him to relieve the necessities of each
and every person that might apply. Excessive prices were prohibited,
and instructions to supply all persons who might be an
absolute poverty free of charge were plain and unmistakable. Men
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of the highest character and address have been placed at
the head of the various stations, men with the business
ability to successfully conduct the company's important interests, and the
social qualifications that would enable them to meet and entertain
distinguished travelers through the wilderness in a manner creditable to
the company. Tourists, by the way, who go to Alaska
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without providing themselves with clothes suitable for formal social functions
are frequently embarrassed by the omission. Gentlemen may hasten to
the company's store, which carries everything that men can use,
from a toothpick to a steamboat, and array themselves in
evening clothes, provided that they are not too fastidious concerning
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the fit and the style. But ladies might not be
so fortunate. Nothing is too good for the people of Alaska,
And when they offer hospitality to the stranger within their gates,
they prefer to have him pay them the compliment of
dressing appropriately to the occasion. If voyagers to Alaska will
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consider this advice, they may spare themselves and their hosts
in the Arctic Circle some unhappy moments. Yukon's summers are glorious.
There is not an hour of darkness. A gentleman who
came down from the creeks to call upon us did
not reach our hotel until eleven o'clock. He remained until midnight,
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and the light in the parlor when he took his
departure was as at eight o'clock of a June evening
at home. The lights were not turned on while we
were in Dawson, but it is another story. In winter,
clothes are not blued. In Dawson. The first morning after
our arrival, I was summoned to a window to inspect
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a clothes line. Will you look at those clothes? Did
you ever see such whiteness and clothes before? I never had,
And I'd promptly asked miss Kinney what her laundress did
to the clothes to make them look so white. I'm
the laundress, said she brusquely. I come out here from
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Chicago to work, and I work. I was half dead
clerking in a store when the Klondike craze come along
and swept me off my feet. I struck Dawson broke.
I went to work, and I've been at work ever since.
I have cooks and chambermaids and laundresses, but it often
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happens that I have to be all three besides landlady
at once. That's the way of the Klondike. Now I
must go and feed those malany pups. That little yellow
one is getting sassy. She had almost escaped when I
caught her sleeve and detained her. But the clothes, I
asked you, what makes them so white? Don't you suppose?
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Interrupted she irascibly, that I have too much work to
do to fool around answering the questions of a chichiko.
I'm not traveling down the Yukon for fun. This was
distinctly discouraging, but I had set out to learn what
had made those clothes so white. Besides, I was beginning
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to perceive dimly that she was not so hard as
she spoke herself to be. So I advised her that
I should not release her sleeve until she had answered
my question. She burst into a kind of lawless laughter
and threw her hand out at me. Oh you, well there, then,
I never saw your beat. There ain't a thing in them,
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their clothes but soap, SuDS wrenched out and sunshine. We
don't even have to rub clothes up here the way
you have to in other places, and we never put
in a pinch of bluing. Two three hours of sunshine
makes them like snow. But how is it in winter?
She laughed again. Oh that's another matter. We bleach em
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out enough in summer, so's it'll do for all winter.
Let go my sleeve, or you won't get any blueberries
for lunch. This threat had the desired effect. Surely no
woman ever worked harder than Miss Kinney worked. At four
o'clock in the mornings, we heard her ordering maids and
maln new puppies about, and at midnight or later. Her
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springing step might be heard as she made the final
rounds to make sure that all was well with her family.
We were greatly amused and somewhat embarrassed. On the day
of our arrival, we saw at a glance that the
only vacant room was too small to receive our baggage.
I'll fix that, said she, snapping her fingers. I just
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gave a big room on the first floor to two
young men. I'll make them exchange with you. It was
in vain that we protested. Now you'll let me be,
she exclaimed, I'll fix this. You're in the Klondike now,
and you'll learn how white men can be. Young men
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don't take the best room and let women take the
worst up here. If they come up here with that notion,
they soon get it taken out of em. And I'm
just the one to do it. Now, you let me be.
They'll be tickled to death, whatever their state of mind
may have been. The exchange was made, but when we
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endeavored to thank her, she snapped us up with anybody,
know you never lived in a white country, or you
wouldn't make such a fuss over such a little thing.
We're used to doing things for other people up here,
she added scornfully. Miss Kinney gave us many surprises during
our stay, but at the last moment she gave us
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the greatest surprise of all. Just as our steamer was
on the point of leaving, she came running down the
gangway and straight to us. Her hands and arms were
filled with large paper bags, which she began forcing upon us.
There she said, I've come to say goodbye and bring
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you some fruit. I'd given you one of those malamewte
puppies if I could have spared him. Well, goodbye and
good luck. We were both so touched by this unexpected
kindness in one who had taken so much pains to
conceal every touch of tenderness in her nature, that we
could not look at one another for some time. Nor
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did it lessen our appreciation to remember how ceaselessly and
how drudgingly Miss Kinney worked, and the price she must
have paid for those great bags of oranges, apples and peaches.
For freight rates are one hundred and forty dollars a
ton on perishables, It said, a mist in our eyes
every time we thought about it. It was our first
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taste of Arctic kindness, and somehow its flavor was different
from that of other latitudes. Dawson is gay socially, as
it has always been. In summer, the people are devoted
to outdoor sports, which are enjoyed during the long evenings.
There is a good clubhouse for athletic sports in winter,
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and the theaters are well patronized. Although in summer plays
commence at ten or ten thirty and are not concluded
before one. As in all English and Canadian towns, business
is resumed at a late hour in the morning, making
the hours of rest correspond in length to ours. Two
young Yale men who were traveling in our party had
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been longing to c a dance hall. We'll klondac dance hall.
But they came in one midnight, their faces eloquent with disgust.
We found a dance hall at last, said one. They
hide their light under such bushels, now that it takes
a week to find one. The mounted police don't stand
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any foolishness. Then think of a dance hall running in
broad daylightight, no mystery, no glitter, no soft rosy glamour.
Say it made me yearn for bread and butter. Do
you know where Miss Kinney keeps her bread jar and blueberries. Honestly,
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I don't know anything or any place that could cultivate
a taste in a young man for sane and decent
things like one of these dance halls here. I never
was so disappointed in my life. I can go to
church at home. I didn't come to the Klondike for that.
Why the very music itself sounded about as lively as
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come you disconsolate, Come on, Billy, let's go to bed.
No one should visit Dawson without climbing on a clear
day to the summit of the hill behind the town,
which is called the Dome. The view of the surrounding
country from this point is magnificent. The course of the winding,
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widening Yukon may be traced for countless miles. The little
creeks pour there tawny floods down into the Klondike before
the longing eyes of the beholder, and far away on
the horizon faintly shine the snow peaks that beautify almost
every portion of the northern land. The wagon roads leading
from Dawson to the mining districts up the various creeks
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are a distinct surprise They were built by the Dominion government,
and are said to be the best roads to be
found in any mining district in the world. A Dawson
man will brag about the roads, while modestly silent about
the gold to which the roads lead. You must go
up into the creeks, if only to see the roads.
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Every Man to whom one talks will presently say, you
can't beat m anywheres. Claim staking in the Klondike is
a serious matter. The mining is practically all placer as yet,
and a creek claim comprises an area two hundred and
fifty feet along the creek and two thousand feet wide.
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This information was a shock to me. I had always
supposed vaguely that a mining claim was a kind of farm,
of anywhere from twenty to sixty acres, and to find
it but little larger than the half of a city block,
was it chilled to my enthusiasm. They explained, however, that
the gravel filling a pan was but small in quantity
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that it could be washed out in ten minutes, and
that if every pan turned out but ten dollars, the
results of a long day's work would not be bad.
Claims lying behind and above the ones that front on
the creeks are called hill claims. They have the same
length of frontage but are only one thousand feet in with.
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In staking a claim, a post must be placed at
each corner on the creek with the names of the
claim an owner, and a general description of any feature
which it may be identified. The locator must take out
a free miner's license costing seven dollars and a half,
and file his claim at the Mining Recorder's office within
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ten days after staking. No one can stake more than
one claim on a single creek, but he may hold
all that he cares to acquire by purchase, and he
may locate on other creeks. Development work to the amount
of two hundred dollars must be done yearly for three years,
or that amount paid to the mining recorder. This amount
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is increased to four hundred dollars with the fourth year.
The locator must secure a certificate to the effect that
the necessary amount of yearly work has been done, else
the claim will be canceled. Copyright by E. A. Hegg Juno.
Wreck of Jesse Nome Beach courtesy of Webster and Stephen's
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Seattle Copyright by E. A. Hegg Juno. Wreck of Jesse
Nome Beach courtesy of Webster and Stephen's Seattle