From Public Citizens to Therapeutic Selves — The Hidden History of Modern Identity

When you scroll through social media feeds today, you’ll find countless posts about “living your truth” and “being authentic.” These ideas feel so natural to us now that we rarely stop to ask where they came from or what they really mean.

The concept of identity — how we understand ourselves — has undergone a radical transformation over the centuries. What once was defined primarily by external markers like family, profession, and community has shifted dramatically toward inner feelings, desires, and psychological experiences.

Today on the show, Carl Trueman unpacks this profound change and how we got to the lens through which we view ourselves today. Carl is a professor, theologian, and the author of The Rise and Triumph of the Modern Self. Throughout our conversation, he explores the insights of three key thinkers — Charles Taylor, Philip Rieff, and Alasdair MacIntyre — who have mapped the historical and cultural shifts that have transformed our ideas of identity. We discuss how this transformation has reshaped politics, education, and religion, while considering whether we’ve lost something essential in moving from a shared understanding of human nature to an increasingly individualized conception of self.

Resources Related to the Podcast

• The Triumph of the Therapeutic: Uses of Faith After Freud by Philip Rieff
• Sources of the Self: The Making of the Modern Identity by Charles Taylor
• After Virtue: A Study in Moral Theory by Alasdair MacIntyre
• The Abolition of Man by C.S. Lewis
• AoM Podcast #723: Men Without Chests
• AoM Article: 3 Essential Books for Understanding Our Disorienting Modern World
• AoM Article: Why Are Modern Debates on Morality So Shrill?
• Carl’s writing at First Things

Connect With Carl Trueman

• Carl’s faculty page