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December 9, 2025 54 mins
Em entrevista ao Deu Tilt, o podcast do UOL para os humanos por trás das máquinas, Pedro Henrique Ramos, diretor-executivo do Reglab, foi taxativo: o Brasil caminha para ser o mais restritivo do mundo no treinamento de inteligência artificial, o que afetará o PIB do país. Segundo levantamento do think tank especializado em políticas públicas em tecnologia, o país pode perder R$ 21 bilhões se aprovar uma legislação que impeça IAs generativas de serem treinadas com obras protegidas por direitos autorais. O mesmo vale para inferências. Mas existem três caminhos, diz Ramos: liberar amplamente o uso do que está aberto na internet; criar um regime intermediário, com possibilidade de fazer pedidos de retirada de obras; adotar uma linha mais dura, em que nada é usado sem pagamento. Só que a internet é global, e as leis, nacionais, diz. Se o Brasil aprovar uma proposta mais restritiva, empresas podem simplesmente levar seus data centers para outros lugares. Ramos não esconde que a liberação de informações protegidas para treinar IA é algo que beneficia as big tech norte-americanas, como Google e Meta, mas diz que a disputa, no fim das contas, é entre grandes conglomerados empresariais: quem treina modelos de IA versus quem detém direitos autorais. E os produtores de conteúdo podem até se dar bem com a IA, já que, segundo a pesquisa Futuros Criativos, a nova tecnologia pode até reduzir os royalties das indústrias criativas, mas, por outro lado, tende a elevar sua produtividade. Já Luca Schirru, advogado e consultor em direitos autorais, afirma que a regulação do uso de dados para o treinamento da IA depende de como, por quem e para quê eles estão sendo minerados. Há uma diferença entre a utilização de dados para pesquisas ou por instituições públicas e sem fins lucrativos e por grandes empresas de mercado, que geram lucro a partir desses dados ou oferecem obras que podem substituir o trabalho humano. Segundo ele, é possível combinar diferentes caminhos de remuneração pelo uso de dados e conteúdos criativos por grandes empresas, como autorizar certas formas de treinamento e, ao mesmo tempo, cobrar o pagamento apenas das big techs que lucram com a IA generativa. Startups, modelos abertos e projetos de pesquisa poderiam se beneficiar de modelos mais flexíveis. Schirru ressalta que ferramentas como a ProRata.AI já apontam para a possibilidade de identificar quais obras entraram no treinamento, criando uma base para modelos de remuneração mais transparentes. Para equilibrar os interesses, ele sugere mecanismos que vão além do licenciamento tradicional: taxas sobre receita, fundos para autores e veículos de imprensa, ou investimentos em capacitação. O objetivo é garantir sustentabilidade para quem cria, sem travar a inovação. Do nada, a China lançou um app que ultrapassou o Gemini, o ChatGPT e até o DeepSeek em número de acessos. Em uma semana, o Qwen bateu 10 milhões de downloads. Ele é do Alibaba, que os brasileiros conhecem pelo AliExpress, mas que também tem uma das maiores infraestruturas de computação em nuvem do mundo. O Qwen começou como um modelo de IA aberto, usado por empresas que preferem aproveitar uma base em vez de gastar tempo e dinheiro na fase de pré-treinamento da IA. Agora virou chatbot e, com o app, o Alibaba decidiu se apresentar ao consumidor global como uma companhia AI first, no melhor estilo Google. E tem mais: a empresa também lançou o Quark, um assistente pessoal de IA combinado com navegador. A mensagem é clara: o Alibaba não quer só disputar mercado, mas tomar a liderança na corrida tecnológica.  
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