JFK Assassination Details

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Episode Transcript

Speaker 1 (00:00):
The crack of a firing rifle is heard throughout Dealey Plaza.
President John F. Kennedy brings his hands up to his
neck as warm blood trickles out of the gunshot room.
He looks toward his wife next to him, eyes wide.
Seconds later, another shot is fired, then a third. The
bullet careens through Kennedy's skull. A mist of blood sprays

(00:23):
into the air. Jacqueline Kennedy leaps from her seat and
dives across the trunk of the car, arm out stretched.
Before returning to her seat, She turns to her husband
and cradles the wounded president in her arms.

Speaker 2 (00:37):
Oh my God, they've shot my husband.

Speaker 1 (00:40):
I love you, Jack, she screams. The presidential motorcade speeds
down the road towards Parkland Hospital in Dallas, Texas. What
really happened on November twenty second, nineteen sixty three, the
day that President John F.

Speaker 2 (00:55):
Kennedy was assassinated?

Speaker 1 (00:57):
A lot of theories have been put forth since this
eminal event in history, But can we separate fact from fiction?
Some theories are supported by mounds of evidence, Others have
little to no evidence to substantiate them. We are going
to take you back in time to follow this series
of events that led up to the assassination of the
youngest man ever to be elected as President of the

(01:20):
United States.

Speaker 2 (01:22):
By examining the.

Speaker 1 (01:22):
Past, along with the very route taken by Kennedy's motorcade
that day, we can uncover some key information about what
actually happened at twelve thirty PM on November twenty second,
nineteen sixty three. This recreation of the jfk assassination will
not make wild claims or entertain ideas of unsupported speculation. Instead,

(01:43):
it's based on eyewitness accounts, testimony, and photographic evidence to
place you in the middle of one of the biggest
tragedies in American history. At the end of this journey,
you will have the evidence you need to draw your
own conclusion of what really happened on the day that
Kennedy was assassinated. You may find everything you believe about
the Kennedy assassination now might be brought into question, and

(02:06):
that you might walk away with a new perspective on
this pivotal moment in history. To understand the mechanisms at work,
we need to follow John F. Kennedy through time while
simultaneously examining the actors motivations and key locals in this tragedy.
We begin on May twenty ninth, nineteen seventeen, in a white,
two story house located at eighty three Beal Street in Brookline, Massachusetts,

(02:30):
on the outskirts of Boston. Here, John Fitzgerald Kennedy was
born into the master bedroom of the second floor of
the house. As a newborn, JFK is diagnosed with a
number of health issues that will later be identified as
Addison's disease. This is one of many health problems that
put JFK in constant agony for much of his life.

(02:52):
In nineteen thirty six, JFK graduates from Choate, a boarding
school for boys in Wallingford, Connecticut. He begins his first
year at Harvard, where his older brother, Joe Kennedy Junior,
is already studying. JFK looks up to his older brother,
but unknown to anyone at the time, Joe Kennedy's future
holds a gruesome fate that will play a pivotal role

(03:12):
in thrusting his younger brother onto a path that will
eventually lead to his assassination. At Harvard, JFK injures his
back while playing football. This injury will plague Kennedy for
the rest of his life and will also be a
contributing factor on the day he is shot in Dallas, Texas.
On September one, nineteen thirty nine, Nazi Germany invades Poland,

(03:34):
marking the beginning of World War II. JFK's father, Joseph P.
Kennedy Senior, was appointed as the United States Ambassador to
England in nineteen thirty seven and is now in the
thick of the conflict as it unfolds in Europe. JFK
continues his studies at Harvard, but the thought of enlisting
if the United States military to join the war sits
in the back of his mind. A little over a

(03:56):
month after Adolf Hitler starts World War II, a woman
living in New Orleans, Louisiana, by the name of Margaret
Oswald gives birth to her third son, Lee Harvey Oswald.
The birth of Oswald has no significance in history at
the time, but in the decades to come, he will
set out on a path that brings him to the
land of the United States biggest enemy during the Cold War,

(04:19):
the Soviet Union. However, it is when Oswald's path crosses
with John F. Kennedy's that his mark on history is solidified.
In nineteen forty one, a year after graduating from Harvard,
JFK enlists in the US Navy and joins in the
fight to win World War Two. He serves as a
naval intelligence officer and eventually achieves his goal of captaining

(04:40):
a patrolled torpedo ship in the Pacific Theater. The vessel
is designated p T one oh nine. Joe Kennedy joins
the US military as a pilot and is sent to Europe,
where he will fight the Nazi threat. JFK will come
home from World War II a war hero. Joe Kennedy
will not come back at all. On August second, in
nineteen forty three, a pivotal moment in JFK's life occurs.

(05:04):
It will elevate John F. Kennedy to the level of
war hero in the American household. Lieutenant John Fitzgerald Kennedy
stands on the deck of p T one O nine
as it patrols the Blacket straight south of Kolumbungara in
the Solomon Islands. It is a dark and eerily calm
night when the Japanese destroyer seemingly appears out of thin air.
The twelve man crew of PT one O nine scrambles

(05:27):
to get the ship out of the way, but there's
not enough time. The Japanese vessel, being several times the
size of the PT boat, rips through it at top
speed as if it were wet paper. The Japanese do
not even seem to notice that they struck anything as
the destroyer continues on its course, leaving the sinking PT
Boat behind. During the collision, Kennedy is thrown across the

(05:49):
bridge and slams into the cockpit, injuring his already damaged
spine even more. The sailors find themselves bobbing up and
down in the dark, shark infested waters of the channel.
If we zoom out, we can see that there are
islands here, here, and here, But without light, the stranded
men cannot see any of the nearby land In the

(06:09):
aftermath of the carnage, two crew members, Harold Marney and
Andrew Jackson Kirksey, are presumed dead. The surviving men, battered,
exhausted and sickened by fuel fumes, cling to the wreckage
of their ship until the rising sun's glow illuminates the horizon.
At this point, Kennedy spots a spit of land in
the distance and orders his men to swim toward it.

(06:30):
One of the sailors on the pet boat, Patrick McMahon,
has been drifting in and out of consciousness from the
injuries sustained during the collision, and is kept afloat by
his crewmates. To get the injured sailor to land, jfk
puts the strap of McMahon's life jacket in his mouth
and begins to swim. With every stroke, searing pain shoots

(06:51):
through his spine. Kennedy, a former member of the Harvard
swim team, leads the way, towing injured engineer McMahon behind him.
Other injured men unable to swim whim, are lashed to
a plank of wood that the others push and pull
through the water. Despite the distance, Kennedy and his crew
reach the island, where they assess their situation. The small
piece of land is later identified as plum Pudding, but

(07:13):
the men call it Bird Island due to the intense
smell of the guano that covers much of the foliage
and beach. Likely in excruciating pain from his injuries, Kennedy
decides he needs to push onward if his crew has
any hope of being rescued. He embarks on a perilous
solo swim through the Ferguson Passage, hoping to find any

(07:33):
American pt or naval boats in the area. JFK navigates
sharp reefs and choppy seas, treading water for over an
hour at a time. He eventually returns to Bird Island,
where his crew awaits. After taking time to rest and
regain some strength, Kennedy decides to set out again the
following night. Distraught by the lack of any success finding

(07:54):
a way to rescue his men, Kennedy returns to Bird Island,
where he determines the group should move to Olasana Island
in hopes of locating food and fresh water while also
getting closer to the Ferguson Passage. Every moment that the
US sailors are stranded, they run the risk of being
discovered and captured by Japanese forces.

Speaker 2 (08:14):
This is on top of.

Speaker 1 (08:15):
The fact that each day the blazing equatorial sun is
slowly trying to burn them alive. Once settled on Olasana,
Kennedy and a crewmate named George Ross set out in
search of help. They reached Naru Island, the last in
the chain, where they encountered two indigenous men by the
names of Bukugasa and Ironi Kumana. The indigenous inhabitants have

(08:36):
been tasked by the US military to scout the island
for any Japanese activity operating in the area. In fact,
it was a Japanese shipwreck on the edge of Naru
Island that was of interest to both Kennedy and Ross,
as well as Biyukugasa and Ironic Kumana. This wreck brought
the two parties close enough to spot one another. At first,

(08:58):
Biakagasa and Ironi Kumana think that JFK and his companion
are Japanese soldiers and quickly run away, but they encounter
each other later that day and the misunderstanding is cleared up.
With the help of the islanders. Kennedy scratches a message
into the husk of a coconut, signaling their location and
requesting rescue. On August ninth, seven days after the sinking

(09:19):
of p T one oh nine, a mission is launched
to save the stranded sailors. Kennedy is awarded the Navy
and Marine Corps Medal and the Purple Heart for his
courage and leadership during the Ordeal in the Pacific. The
story of PT One O nine becomes a pivotal moment
in Kennedy's life and future political career by solidifying his
image as.

Speaker 2 (09:39):
A courageous leader.

Speaker 1 (09:41):
The tale, recounted by writer John Hersey in publications like
The New Yorker and Reader's Digest, is read by millions
around the United States. Before ever stepping foot in the
White House, John F. Kennedy has become a household name.
After World War II comes to an end and JFK
finishes his tour with the US Navy in nineteen forty six,

(10:01):
he returns to Massachusetts, where his father, former Ambassador to England,
sits him down for a serious conversation. Joseph Kennedy Junior,
JFK's older brother, had been groomed from a young age
to go into politics, but when his plane exploded during
a top secret mission over the English Channel, the eldest
Kennedy child was lost forever.

Speaker 2 (10:20):
John F.

Speaker 1 (10:21):
Kennedy's father convinces his oldest living son that, with his
Harvard education and memorable time in the military, JFK will
make an excellent candidate as a state congressman in Massachusetts.
It's clear that Joseph Kennedy Senior has bigger plans for
his son, but starting as a congressman will set him
on a path that might eventually lead to Washington d C.

(10:42):
JFK runs and wins the election in the eleventh Congressional
District of Massachusetts, which at the time includes East Boston, Charlestown,
the North End, Brighton, parts of Cambridge, and Somerville. Interestingly, Brookline,
where JFK was born and grew up, has been carved
out of the eleventh Congressional district. His hometown is not
part of his constituency. Kennedy serves as a congressman in

(11:05):
Massachusetts for three terms, lasting a total of six years,
at which point he is elected to the U S.
Senate in nineteen fifty two, bringing him one step closer
to becoming President of the United States of America. While
JFK is working his way up through the ranks of
US politics, Lee Harvey Oswald is set on a course
that will later influence the events of November twenty second,

(11:26):
nineteen sixty three in a significant way. In nineteen fifty six,
Oswald joins the U S. Marines during his time in
the service, he achieves the sharpshooter qualification. Unfortunately for Oswald,
two years into his service he faces two different court martials.
This enrages the young soldier and likely plays a role
in his disdain for authority and the status quo. It's

(11:49):
clear from his time in the military that Lee Harvey
Oswald is an intense man who feels the world is
out to get him. He finds soulists in socialist writings
and slowly indoctrinates himself into the idea of communism. In
nineteen fifty nine, Oswald travels to Europe, where he gains
entry into the Soviet Union. He declares his desire to defect,

(12:09):
but the Soviets deny his request. However, after much pleading
and a show of the extreme lengths that Lee Harvey
Oswald is willing to go in order to prove he
is a communist sympathizer, the Soviets reconsider.

Speaker 2 (12:22):
Oswald does not.

Speaker 1 (12:23):
Try very hard to keep his defection a secret, and
when the Marines find out, they file for an undesirable
discharge against Oswald. Back in the United States, on July thirteenth,
nineteen sixty, John Fitzgerald Kennedy is nominated as the Democratic
Party's candidate for the President of the United States. Even
though he's a Catholic and a very Protestant nation, much

(12:43):
of the general public falls in love with his charismatic personality. However,
being from Boston and more liberal than most candidates on
civil rights, Kennedy knows he needs a vice president who
will help him secure the vote in the South, where
much of the constituency, even Democrats, are still struggling to
accept to desegregation and equal rights for all. It is
because of these factors that JFK chooses Lyndon B. Johnson,

(13:07):
a Senator from Texas, to be his running mate. On
November eighth, nineteen sixty, John F. Kennedy wins the presidential election.
It is one of the closest races in US history,
with Kennedy winning the popular vote over Richard Nixon by
only one hundred eighteen thousand, five hundred fifty out of
a total of nearly sixty nine million votes cast. This

(13:27):
means that JFK only wins zero point one seven percent
more votes. However, Kennedy's appeal to the urban, populous, and
industrial states gives him a clear majority When it comes
to the electoral College, the Kennedy Johnson ticket secures three
hundred three electoral votes against Nixon and his vice presidential candidate,
Henry Cabot Lodge Juniors to nineteen. The moment that jfk

(13:49):
is elected the thirty fifth president of the United States,
he becomes the youngest president ever elected, the first Catholic elected,
and the first president to be born in the twentieth century.
Approximately one month after John F. Kennedy's inaugural address, where
he presents the idea ask not what your country can
do for you, but what you can do for your
country to the United States public, Lee Harvey Oswald reaches

(14:12):
out to the American embassy in the Soviet Union and
informs them that he wants to return to the United
States with his family. After some back and forth, Oswald
is informed he can come back to the US. During
his time in the Soviet Union, he was miserable. Oswald
worked in a factory and lived the Soviet way of life.
It was clearly not the utopia he had imagined a

(14:34):
communist state to be. In nineteen sixty one, Edwin Walker,
a United States Army general, is fired by President John F.
Kennedy for the extremist right wing propaganda he spouted to
his troops while in the service. After being forced out
of the military, Walker retires to a small community in Dallas,
where he continues to preach his anti communist views and

(14:54):
hateful rhetoric. It is the former that catches the attention
of Lee Harvey Oswald, who still prides himself on being
a socialist and has romantic dreams of running away to
Cuba someday to join the Communist Party under Fidel Castro.
In nineteen sixty two, Oswald is allowed admittance into the.

Speaker 2 (15:11):
US with his Russian wife and their daughter.

Speaker 1 (15:14):
They relocate to Fort Worth, Texas, and stay with Oswald's brother.
Later that year, Oswald and his family moved to Dallas.
Around this time, Oswald creates a fake identity under the
name Alec J.

Speaker 2 (15:26):
Hiddel.

Speaker 1 (15:26):
This will become very important in future events and investigations,
so it is important to keep this name in mind.
On January twenty seventh, nineteen sixty three, Oswald orders a
snubnosed Smith and Wesson Victory Model thirty eight Special Revolver
from Seaport Traders of Los Angeles. Then, on March twelfth,
nineteen sixty three, one week after Edwin Walker gave a

(15:48):
speech calling for the American military to liquidate the communist
scourge that has descended upon the island of Cuba, Oswald
places a second male order for a six point five
by fifty two U millimeter Carkano Model thirty eight infantry
carbine from Klein's Sporting Goods in Chicago. The rifle had
been advertised in the February nineteen sixty three American Rifleman magazine.

(16:11):
Both weapons were purchased by and delivered to AJ Hiddel.
Oswald meticulously plans out a scheme to murder Edwin Walker.
He travels across the city and takes reconnaissance photographs of
Walker's house. He creates hand drawn maps of Walker's neighborhood.
He even writes a mini manifesto about why he is
going to assassinate the former general. On April tenth, nineteen

(16:33):
sixty three, Lee Harvey Oswald packs his newly purchased Carkano
Model thirty eight carbine into a bag and boards a
city bus. The bus drops him within walking distance of
Edwin Walker's neighborhood. Oswald hides in the shadows across from
Walker's house and peers down.

Speaker 2 (16:49):
The scope of the rifle.

Speaker 1 (16:51):
He sees Walker sitting at his desk in the dining room.
Oswald lines up the shot and squeezes the trigger. The
bullet smashes through the windowpane and embeds itself in the
opposite wall, missing Walker's head by centimeters. Realizing that he's
blown as shot, Oswald takes apart his rifle and runs
back to the bus stop. Before the authorities can arrive,

(17:11):
he boards the bus and returns home. Since Walker hasn't
been killed, the police investigation is slow to gather evidence.
No connection is made between the shooting and Oswald until
both after he and President Kennedy are already dead. When
Marina Oswald's widow is interrogated. In the summer of nineteen
sixty three, Lee Harvey Oswald begins a strange journey. He

(17:34):
goes back to New Orleans, where he starts and becomes
the sole member of the New Orleans chapter of the
Pro Castro Fair Play for Cuba organization, against the wishes
of the group itself, who think Oswald is an unhinged individual. Then,
in September of nineteen sixty three, Oswald boards a bus
from Houston to Mexico City. His ultimate goal is to

(17:54):
get to Cuba, but after petitioning the Cuban consulate and
being turned away multiple times, ends up returning to the
US without ever achieving his dream of joining Fidel Castro's regime.
After crossing back over the border to the United States,
Lee Harvey Oswald returns to Dallas, where his pregnant wife
and daughter are staying with a family friend by the
name of Ruth Payne. On October fifteenth, nineteen sixty three,

(18:18):
Lee Harvey Oswald takes a job at the Texas school
Book Depository as a clerk. He found out about the
job thanks to a neighbor of missus Paine, who had
mentioned it in passing. At this point, Oswald has no
way of knowing that his and President Kennedy's paths will
cross in just over a month. However, Oswald has already
shown himself to be capable of murder. On November nineteenth,

(18:40):
the Dallas Times Herald publishes the schedule and route of
President John F. Kennedy's recently announced trip to the city.
The path the motorcade will take becomes public knowledge when
the newspaper is delivered that morning, and anyone living in Dallas,
including Lee Harvey Oswald, is now privy to the information
of where the President of the United States will be
and when he will be there. On November twenty second,

(19:02):
nineteen sixty three, at seven thirty am, President Kennedy awakes
at the Hotel Texas in Fort Worth. He slowly gets
up from his bed, where he has been lying on
a specially made plank to keep his back straight. As
he sits on the edge of the mattress. His staff
helps him put on a back brace, which he wears
to combat the excruciating pain that shoots through his spine

(19:23):
when he has to sit or stand for long periods
of time. This device will play a role in the
way the assassination occurs. Later that day, around the same
time that Kennedy gets up and prepares for a luncheon
in the ballroom of the Hotel Texas, Lee Harvey Oswald
arises and prepares for his day. In hindsight, Oswald breaks
several of his routines and ends up making some odd choices.

(19:46):
He takes off his wedding ring and leaves it on
a table at the boarding house where he's staying. When
he steps out of the house, Oswald is carrying a
large package wrapped in brown paper. When asked what he's carrying,
he tells his coworker, who drives him to work, that
it's curtain rods. However, in the coming hours, it will
be uncovered that the brown paper bag contains something much

(20:07):
more sinister than rods of metal. The men drive towards
the Texas school Book Depository in downtown Dallas, where they
both work. At eleven twenty five am.

Speaker 2 (20:17):
JFK.

Speaker 1 (20:17):
Jackie Kennedy, Vice President Lyndon B. Johnson, and a number
of other members of the re election campaign entourage are
accompanied by Secret Service agents as they board Air Force one.
Approximately five minutes later, the plane takes off and after
a thirteen minute flight, lands at love Field in Dallas.
President Kennedy is scheduled to address the Dallas Citizens Council

(20:38):
annual meeting at the Dallas Trademark, but not before following
a predetermined route through the city so that as many
of its citizens can get a glimpse of the President
and his wife, whom much of the public has fallen
in love with. When the Kennedys arrive at love Field,
the weather has cleared up and it's a beautiful autumn day. Previously,
the motorcade planned to leave the field with a plexiglas

(21:00):
bubble atop the Kennedy's car to protect them from the
predicted rain. However, since the rainy weather has passed by Dallas,
it is decided the protective bubble will no longer be needed.
This will provide the crowds with a better view of
the President and First Lady. This change in weather that
could not have possibly been predicted, will give the assassin
a clear line of sight to JFK that he might

(21:22):
not have had if the car had been outfitted with
the plastic bubble as originally planned. When John and Jackie
Kennedy step off the plane at love Field, they are
welcomed by approximately two thousand people. Cheers erupt from the bystanders,
and adoring shouts are heard from the fences along the airfield,
where people have gathered to get a glimpse of the couple.
As they step off their plane. Jackie and her husband

(21:44):
immediately go over to the crowds along the fences and
shake people's hands to thank them for their support. One
bystander gives Jackie Kennedy a bouquet of roses, which she
takes back to the car and brings with her along
the motorcade route. In the car with the Kennedys are
the Governor of Texas, John Connolly and his wife. Two
Secret Service agents sit in the front seat, one to
drive the automobile and the other to keep an eye

(22:06):
on things. The armour plated Lincoln Continental is the third
vehicle in the motorcade, preceded by police and the Secret Service.
JFK and Jackie are on raised seats in the Continental.
It has been specially designed to allow them to be
slightly higher up in the car and the center of
attention as the motorcade proceeds past thousands of spectators. The

(22:26):
Connollies are sitting directly in front of the Kennedys. Behind
the Kennedy's car is another Secret Service vehicle, which is
followed by a car with Vice President Lyndon B. Johnson
and his wife in it. This car is followed by
a large entourage of police vehicles, secret Service agents, and
automobiles to carry the press that will be covering the event.
The motorcade's route through the city is approximately nine point

(22:49):
five miles long and will take them through several neighborhoods
on their way to the Dallas Trademark. From the moment
that the parade of vehicles begins its journey, the Secret
Service and Dallas Police are on high alert. Their biggest
concern are the bridges that the motorcade needs to travel under,
and it's at these locations extra men have been stationed.
At approximately eleven fifty five am, the presidential motorcade begins

(23:13):
its journey from love Field along its planned route. They
turned left onto West Mockingbird Lane and veer right onto
Lemon Avenue. At twelve oh six pm, jfk orders the
motorcade to halt when he sees a group of children
holding signs asking him to stop on the corner of
Lemon Avenue and Lomo alto drive. He shakes the kid's
hands and signs a number of items. After the brief stop,

(23:36):
the motorcade continues on its journey, but stops again a
few blocks down the road when President Kennedy spots a
nun with a group of small children. At twelve fifteen pm,
a man standing in Daley Plaza by the name of
Arnold Roland asks his wife if she would like to
see a Secret Service agent. He points to the sixth
floor of a brick building that is home to the

(23:56):
Texas school Book Depository, where a man sits in the
window with a rifle. Unknown to Roland or anyone else
at the time, this man is not a Secret Service agent,
but the assassin who will shoot John F.

Speaker 2 (24:08):
Kennedy.

Speaker 1 (24:10):
The Motorcaid continues through North Dallas, turns onto Lemon Avenue,
and then onto Turtle Creek Boulevard. Turtle Creek eventually changes
into Cedar Spring Road, which brings the motorcade closer and
closer to Downtown Dallas. They take a left on North
Harwood Street and follow it for several minutes before taking
a right onto Main Street at twelve twenty three pm.

(24:32):
It is at this point that the Secret Service and
the Dallas Police become more tense. The police radio for
more backup in downtown as the crowds are much larger
than anticipated. As the motorcade makes its way onto Main Street,
the crowds begin to swell with anticipation. The Motorcaid slows
down so that as many people as possible can get

(24:52):
a view of the president, but also as a safety
concern due to the amount of people crowding the street.
Twelve twenty nine pm, the motorcade turns right onto North
Houston Street. Directly in front of them is the Texas
school Book Depository. It is an unassuming six story brick
building sitting on the corner of Dealey Plaza. If we

(25:14):
zoom out to take a look at Dealey Plaza, the
park itself is relatively small and contains several open areas
and a large mound that will be later described as
a grassy knoll. The crowds along North Houston Street are
some of the largest that the motorcade has come across,
and since the cars need to make a left turn
onto Elm Street just over two hundred feet down the road,

(25:36):
the motorcade has slowed to a crawl. At twelve twenty
nine and forty five seconds, the car containing John F.
Kennedy makes the left hand turn onto Elm Street and
proceeds towards the underpass that the police and Secret Service
have kept a close eye on all day, as the
president is extremely vulnerable if someone were to attack from
the bridge. At twelve thirty pm on November twenty second,

(25:59):
nineteen sixty three, a loud crack echoes across Daley Plaza.
At first, there is uncertainty. Some think the noise is
a firecracker, while others assume it is a car backfiring,
but it quickly becomes apparent that the noise is a gunshot.
Kennedy's expression changes from a smile for the people all
around him to a grimace as a bullet enters the

(26:21):
back of his neck and exits directly below his throat.
Governor John Connolly immediately recognizes the sound as a rifle
firing and turns around in his seat to look at
where he heard the shot come from. His first thought
is that this is an assassination attempt. He tries to
look and Warren Kennedy, but as the bullet exits the
President's neck, it continues into Connolly's chest, passes through his wrist,

(26:43):
and strikes the governor's leg. Connolly doubles over as one
of his ribs shatters and the bones in his wrist splinter.
He has puncture wounds in his back, lung, chest, and thigh.
Multiple witnesses, including a homeless man named James Warring, a
high schooler named amos Ewans, a steamfitter named Howard Brennan

(27:04):
and several others later testify that it is at this
point that they look up to the sixth floor of
the Texas school Book Depository, where they heard the sound
of the gunshot come from, and see a man holding
something that looks like a rifle. After the first bullet
goes through John F. Kennedy's neck, all he can do
is look around and shock. He locks eyes with his wife.
The corset that he wears every day that he is

(27:26):
out in public keeps the president rigid and upright. Even
if there was time, there is no way for Kennedy
to slouch down in his seat to get out of
harm's way. The President is stuck in an upright position.
Jackie Kennedy notices a quizzical look on her husband's face
as he raises his left hand to his throat. At
twelve thirty and seven seconds, just seven seconds after the

(27:47):
first shot was fired, a second shot rings out. If
we shift our view for a moment over to the
right side of Dealey Plaza, a bystander by the name
of Abraham Zapruder has been filming the motorcade this whole
time from a concrete pedestal along ELM. Street. He is
near the grassy knoll of Dealey Plaza and has been
capturing grainy but clear footage of what is happening and

(28:09):
what is to come next. One and a half seconds
after the second shot is fired, a third shot explodes
across the plaza. It is at twelve thirty and eight
and a half seconds that the third bullet strikes the
back of John F. Kennedy's head, and fragments of his
skull fly up into the air. A moment after the
fatal bullet strikes the President's head, Jacqueline Kennedy jumps out

(28:30):
of her seat and climbs onto the trunk of the car.
She seems to be picking up pieces of her husband's
head that have landed on the trunk, but she will
not remember doing this after the fact. Altogether, three shots
are fired in less than ten seconds. It is later
determined that the first bullet went through Kennedy's neck and
struck John Connolly, the second bullet went wide and missed

(28:51):
the car, and the third bullet was the fatal shot
that hit JFK in the head. Moments after the final shot,
Bill Greer, the driver of the President's car, pushes the
accelerator to the floor, and the Lincoln Continental speeds towards
the underpass. Further down Elm Street, Jackie Kennedy cradles her
husband's fragmented head in her arms, trying to keep his

(29:12):
skull together as blood pours out of the womb. Over
the radio, orders are being shouted. The motorcade is ordered
to go to Parkland Hospital, where emergency services will be
waiting to receive the President. While the President's car speeds off,
Howard Brennan, Bob Jackson, a press photographer who is in
the back of the motorcade, a news photographer by the
name of Malcolm Couch, and many others look up and

(29:34):
later testify that they see a man withdrawing a rifle
from the sixth floor window of the Texas school Book Depository.
By twelve thirty one, the Lincoln Continental has hooked around
the ramp connecting Elm Street to North Stemmens Freeway and
speeds past the Dallas Trademark, where the President was supposed
to end up that day if everything had gone according

(29:55):
to plan. Next, the vehicle veers off the freeway and
onto Market Centre, Bulk Bulevard, then onto Harry Hines Boulevard,
which brings the car containing JFK, Jackie Kennedy and the
Connolly's to Parkland Hospital. Chaos irrupts in Dealey Plaza as
people flee for their lives. The crowd is in panic
and the police are fighting to regain control of the

(30:16):
situation and locate the shooter. A police motorbike officer named
Marion Baker sprints into the Texas school Book Depository and
runs into the superintendent of the company. He escorts Baker
upstairs as they look for any sign of a shooter
in the building. On the second floor, the pair bumped
into a man with an expressionless look on his face.
Baker pulls his gun and tells the man to halt.

(30:38):
The superintendent intervenes and tells Baker that it's all right,
he knows this man because he works in the building.
Baker lowers his gun and the employee is allowed to
continue on his way. This person who was let go
would later be identified as Lee Harvey Oswald. At twelve
thirty seven pm, the motorcade reaches Parkland Hospital. Paramedics rush
out of the emergency entrance to attend to the wounded

(31:01):
President John Connolly's wife screams for someone to help her husband,
who is bleeding out of his midsection in the middle
of the car. However, for what seems like an eternity,
no one tends to the governor. As everyone tries to
assess the condition of the President in the backseat of
the vehicle, Jacqueline Kennedy cradles her husband's head in her lap.
Secret Service agents and medical personnel ask her to let

(31:23):
go of his body, but she remains motionless, refusing to
loosen her grip. When agent Clint Hill, who had jumped
on the back of the Kennedy's car and dally Plaza
after the shots were fired, pleads with the first lady
to let the doctors help her husband, she turns to
him and tells Hill that her husband is already dead
and that she wants everyone to just leave them alone. Finally,

(31:45):
Jacqueline Kennedy lets go of her husband's body and he
is brought into the trauma room. An army of medical
professionals floods into the room to attend to the President.
His body lies on the operating table, his chest barely
moving up and down. Blood is everywhere. At this point,
it's clear to many that President John F. Kennedy is
already dead. The Secret Service secures Vice President Lyndon B.

(32:08):
Johnson and rushes him back towards Love Airfield, where Air
Force one is being prepped to fly him back to Washington,
d C. Approximately fifteen minutes after Kennedy is brought into
trauma Room one, his heart stops beating. A Catholic priest
is brought in to read the last rites, and President
John Fitzgerald Kennedy is officially pronounced dead on November twenty second,

(32:29):
nineteen sixty three, at one pm Central Standard time. At
one o six pm, back at the Texas school Book Depository, Dallas,
police officers locate a sniper's nest by a window looking
out over Dealey Plaza on the sixth floor of the building.
On the floor sits a long brown paper bag that
has been crinkled up and three spent cartridge casings. However,

(32:53):
they have not yet found the gun that killed the president.
Police officers scoured the entire building looking for any sign
of the Astas Tasen or his weapon. While the police
are searching for the rifle in the Texas school Book Depository,
an officer by the name of J. D. Tippett is
driving through the suburban Oak Cliff neighborhood of Dallas. This

(33:13):
neighborhood is just southwest of the downtown city center. Based
on eyewitness accounts of the shooter on the sixth floor
of the Texas School Book Depository from Daley Plaza, the
police have been alerted to look for an unknown white
male around the age of thirty with a slender build,
a height of five feet ten inches, weight one hundred
sixty five pounds, and reported to be armed with a rifle.

(33:35):
Tippet spots a man vaguely matching the description of the shooter,
but it is more than that that catches his eye.
The man is constantly looking over his shoulder and acting
in a shifty manner.

Speaker 2 (33:46):
Tippett decides to follow the.

Speaker 1 (33:47):
Man for a little while to observe him and see
if his erratic behavior continues. At eleven PM, Tippett decides
to pull over and speak to the man. He stops
the squad car and rolls down his window just past
East tenth Street and Patton Avenue. Several people see Tippet
get out of his squad car and walk towards the
man he had been speaking to. The man pulls out

(34:09):
a pistol and shoots JD. Tippett four times, killing him.
In downtown Dallas, the police find an Italian made man
Looker Carcano six point five millimeter rifle serial number C
two seven six six, equipped with a Japanese site, underneath
some boxes of the sixth floor of the Texas School
Book Depository. At the same time that the rifle is discovered,

(34:31):
police have been informed that JD. Tippett has been shot
and they are now on the lookout for a man
with a similar description to the Dally Plaza shooter for
the murder of Tippett. When the clock strikes one thirty
eight pm in Dallas, Walter Cronkite announces to the world
that John F. Kennedy, the President of the United States
of America, has passed away. When he announces that Vice

(34:53):
President Johnson is presumably on his way back to Washington
to assume the oath of office, his voice breaks. Kronkite,
along with the rest of the nation, are grief stricken.
Back in Oak Cliff, a shoe shop manager named Johnny Brewer,
working on Jefferson Boulevard, sees a man walking along the
street acting oddly. The man is continuously looking over his shoulder,

(35:14):
as if to make sure he's not being followed. Brewer
watches as the man ducks into a movie theater across
the street. After consulting with the ticket seller, they decide
to call the police and tell them about the odd
behavior and description of the man who's snuck into the theater.
The police arrive at the cinema around one forty eight PM.
A group of armed officers enter the theater and scan

(35:35):
for the man matching the description of their suspect. Three
rows from the back sits a solitary figure. The police
surround the man and tell him to stand up. Slowly,
he responds, well, it's all over now. In the next instant,
the man reaches for something. The police dive towards the
suspect and a fight breaks out. The man is clearly
trying to pull a gun on the officers, but after

(35:56):
several blows, the police subdue him. The suspect is handcuffed
and dragged out of the theater. The whole time he
is yelling about his rights and how they are being abused.
When the suspect is brought to the station for processing,
the police find two different IDs in his wallet. The
first is for Lee Harvey Oswald, the second Alec J.

Speaker 2 (36:16):
Hiddel.

Speaker 1 (36:17):
At two fifteen PM, an announcement goes out to all
law enforcement that the man suspected of shooting Officer J. D.
Tippett and possibly the President, has been arrested and is
in custody. While this is happening, John F. Kennedy's body
is being loaded onto Air Force one as Lyndon B. Johnson,
Jackie Kennedy, and an entourage of agents board the plane.

(36:39):
The aircraft sits motionless on the tarmac for another fifteen minutes,
waiting for Sarah Hughes, a federal judge in Dallas, to.

Speaker 2 (36:45):
Reach the plane. It has been decided that Lyndon B.

Speaker 1 (36:49):
Johnson must be sworn into office as soon as possible
in order to maintain continuity and the power of the president.
At two thirty pm, Hughes reaches love Field. Eight minutes later,
the swearing in ceremony begins. A board Air Force one.
The cabin is so full of people that there is
barely space for anyone to move.

Speaker 2 (37:07):
Standing.

Speaker 1 (37:07):
On one side of the president to be is his wife,
Claudia Alta Johnson. On the other side is Jacqueline Kennedy,
still in the blood soaked jacket she had been wearing
when her husband was murdered. As the newly sworn in
president takes off and heads back to the Capitol, the
Dallas Police have dispatched officers to the boarding house where
Lee Harvey Oswald has been staying. A separate unit is

(37:30):
sent to pick up Oswald's wife in Irving. The boarding
house is located in the Oak Cliff suburb on North
Beckley Avenue, where investigators find large numbers of books on communism,
along with a Soviet passport with Lee Harvey Oswald's name
and photograph from his time as a defector. At five pm,
Air Force one lands at Andrews Air Force Base in

(37:52):
Maryland with the body of the former president and the
new president on board. Robert Kennedy, the Attorney General and
brother to jfk waits for the passengers on board to disembark.
Robert was very close with his brother and had been
informed of his assassination by the head of the FBI, J.
Edgar Hoover, before it was broadcast to the world.

Speaker 2 (38:13):
John F.

Speaker 1 (38:14):
Kennedy's body is taken to Bethesda Naval Hospital for an autopsy.
While Lyndon B. Johnson proceeds to the White House. Back
in Dallas, Lee Harvey Oswald is being interrogated by expert
interrogator Captain J. W.

Speaker 2 (38:28):
Fritz.

Speaker 1 (38:29):
Even though Oswald continuously argues that he had nothing to
do with any of the murders, his tone of voice
and body language is not that of an innocent man.
There is no frantic plea or anger in his voice. Instead,
he is solemn and snarky, as if he were a
teenager who had just been caught doing something wrong. While
the interrogation is going on at the Dallas Police headquarters,

(38:51):
an unassuming man wanders around the station by the name
of Jack Ruby. He is a nightclub owner in the
Dallas area, and although he is friends with many of
the play police officers, he has no business being at
the station, especially at this moment in time. Yet, somehow
he is allowed into the station with a bag of
roast beef sandwiches, which he distributes to the officers as
he talks to them about what's going on. All the while,

(39:15):
a murderous plot begins forming in Jack Ruby's mind. During
the interrogation, Fritz presents several pieces of evidence against Oswald,
connecting him to the assassination of President Kennedy. The police
have the spent cartridges, the brown paper bag, and the
rifle itself from the Texas school Book Depository where Oswald works.

(39:35):
They also have a statement from Oswald's wife, Marina that
he owned a rifle matching the description of the one
they had found. On the stock of the rifle, they
are able to lift a palm print, which will later
be matched to the palm of Lee Harvey Oswald. His
fingerprints will also be pulled off of the brown paper
bag that was discovered on the sixth floor of the
Texas school Book Depository. Captain Fritz also knows and points

(39:59):
out that Oswald is the only employee to leave the
Texas school Book Depository after the shooting and not return,
which makes him look incredibly suspicious. Fritz catches Oswald in
two different lines, one about owning the pistol that was
on his person, and later on a damning piece of
evidence that connects Oswald to the murder weapon that shot Kennedy.

(40:20):
Then there's the fact that when his wife was interrogated
after speaking to her husband, she believes that he committed
the murder of JFK based on how he was behaving.

Speaker 2 (40:29):
Captain J. W.

Speaker 1 (40:29):
Fritz meets with several other officers who have been watching
the interrogation, and together they go through the evidence. It
is concluded that there is enough evidence to convict Lee
Harvey Oswald as the assassin who shot John F. Kennedy.
Just after midnight on November twenty third, the police marched
Lee Harvey Oswald out in front of the press to
show the world that they have the man suspected of

(40:51):
killing the president. From the back of the room, Jack
Ruby leers at Oswald through the flashing bulbs and mob
of reporters. In less than four eight hours, he will
do something that will fuel hundreds of conspiracy theories about
the assassination of JFK. After the press interview, where Lee
Harvey Oswald evades questions and insists that he is being

(41:12):
set up, the suspected assassin is brought back to his
cell while the city of Dallas sleep's. One final development
in the case against Oswald comes to light. At four am,
the FBI traces the rifle used to assassinate the president,
which was found at the Texas School book Depository earlier
that day, to a shop called Klein's Sporting Goods in Chicago, Illinois.

(41:34):
The Carkano Model thirty eight infantry carbine was a mail
order rifle. This meant that the purchaser had to write
a letter and send the money to the shop, at
which point the weapon would have been mailed to them.
The name on the order slip for the rifle was
a Idel of Dallas, Texas, the very same name on
the second identification card in Lee Harvey Oswald's wallet. On

(41:55):
the twenty third of November, the police announced that Lee
Harvey Oswald will be transferred from the headquarters to the
county jail the next day. However, the police know that
this must be done with maximum security to ensure the
safety of Oswald, as there are millions of outreed citizens
who want his head. At nine am on the morning
of November twenty fourth, the police chief informs his subordinates

(42:17):
that he wants an armored truck to transport Oswald from
the station to the jail. There will also be a
motorcade to accompany the armored vehicle in case the crowds
gathered become unruly and try to storm the truck. At
eleven seventeen am on November twenty fourth, Jack Ruby is
filling out a Western Union money order only steps away
from the Dallas Police headquarters that he will mail to

(42:40):
a stripper who works at one of his nightclubs. There
is one person ahead of him in line. If their
order had only taken seconds longer, key elements of the
Kennedy assassination that elude us today may have been answered.
At eleven nineteen am, Lee Harvey Oswald is handcuffed, taken
out of his cell, and escorted through the police station
towards the convoy that will take him to the county jail.

(43:03):
The entourage of officers surrounding Oswald pile into the elevator
in the police station and descend to the basement level
of the building. There are currently seventy policemen stationed in
the basement for security, along with reporters and cameramen. Moments earlier,
the plan for transferring Oswald had changed. It has been
decided that the armored truck will attract too much attention

(43:25):
and be too big a target for the mobs that
have gathered. Therefore, the convoy will be a decoy and
Lee Harvey Oswald will instead be brought to the jailhouse
in an unmarked police car. At eleven twenty am. The
trucks and cars to transport Lee Harvey Oswald are moved
into position. Since the motorcade consists of so many vehicles,

(43:45):
this takes some time, during which the officers outside of
the station are distracted. As this is happening, Jack Ruby
proceeds down the outside ramp that leads to the basement
of the police station. No one notices him as they
are all focused on the organization of the motorcade. He
walks through the door into the basement without being stopped.
At the other end of the basement, the elevator door

(44:07):
opens and Lee Harvey Oswald is escorted out. As the
officers with Oswald open the doors to the garage, they
are blinded by flashing bulbs and camera lights. The press
floods forward. I pop Us from CBS News shouts mister Oswald,
do you have anything to say in your defense? Simultaneously,
a man from the back of the crowd lunges forward,

(44:28):
pushing through the reporters. He is holding a pistol in
his right hand. The police officers all recognize the gunman.
One of them shouts, Jack, you son of a bitch,
don't do it, but it's too late. Jack Ruby pulls
the trigger and fires a bullet directly into Lee Harvey
Oswald's stomach. The police wrestle Ruby to the ground and
get the gun away from him. Other officers rush to Oswald,

(44:50):
who is bleeding out on the floor of the basement.
One of the masks if there's anything he wants to
tell them. Lee Harvey Oswald remains silent for a moment
and then passes out within minutes. Oswald is brought to
Parkland Hospital, where two days prior, John F. Kennedy was
pronounced dead. Two of the same doctors who operated on
JFK also operate on Lee Harvey Oswald. Oswald has lost

(45:13):
a massive amount of blood, but for a moment, the
doctors think he will pull through. However, it is not
to be. At the very instant that Oswald is bleeding out,
Robert Kennedy, Jacqueline Kennedy, and her children are brought into
the East room of the White House, where JFK's body
is lying in state at one oh seven pm on
November twenty fourth, nineteen sixty three, two days and seven

(45:36):
minutes after President Kennedy was declared dead. Lee Harvey Oswald
passes away in the same hospital and in the room
next to where the former president was given his last rites.
It is at this moment that any confession or understanding
of why Lee Harvey Oswald killed John F. Kennedy is
lost forever. It is also the moment when conspiracy theories

(45:58):
are allowed to run rampant and disseminate through the American consciousness.
It should be said that as investigators collected evidence, they
found writings by Oswald on socialist ideas, along with the
incomplete and somewhat incoherent Manifesto among his belongings. It appears
that Lee Harvey Oswald believed himself to be a great
man who was never given the opportunity to thrive due

(46:20):
to the oppressive nature of authority and capitalism in the
United States. This is why socialism, the Soviet Union, and
Cuba interested him. Perhaps Oswald thought that in a socialist
world he would be important, and the fact that John F.
Kennedy represented the very system that he felt oppressed him
motivated his actions. On November twenty fifth, nineteen sixty three,

(46:41):
on John F. Kennedy, Junior's third birthday, he salutes his
father's casket as it is laid to rest in Arlington
National Cemetery. On November twenty ninth, President Lyndon B. Johnson
establishes the Warren Commission to formally investigate the assassination of
the President and to uncover if Lee Harvey Oswald was
in fact the man who killed Kennedy, or if there

(47:01):
were any other entities involved. On September twenty fourth, nineteen
sixty four, the Warren Commission presented its findings. The investigation
has gathered eyewitness testimonies, huge amounts of evidence, and the
conclusion of experts to come to the conclusion that there
is no evidence that either Lee Harvey Oswald or Jack
Ruby was part of any conspiracy domestic or foreign to

(47:25):
assassinate President Kennedy. The Commission also concludes that the shots
which killed President Kennedy and wounded Governor John Connolly were
fired by Lee Harvey Oswald. The Commission has found no
evidence that anyone assisted Oswald in planning or carrying out
the assassination. The Commission has found no evidence to show
that Oswald was employed, persuaded, or encouraged by any foreign

(47:46):
government to assassinate Kennedy or that he was an agent
of any foreign government. Additionally, it is determined that various
tests showed that the man Liquor Carkano was an accurate
rifle and that the use of a four power scope
was a substantial aid to rapid accurate firing. Oswald's marine
training in marksmanship, his other rifle experience, and his established
familiarity with this particular weapon showed that he possessed ample

(48:10):
capability to commit the assassination. The same shot is even
recreated by the FBI using the exact rifle scope and
a JFK look alike. It is proven that the shot
that killed the President was indeed possible. The commission also
addresses speculation and conspiracies that were already running rampant across
the country. Some believe that the shots that killed the

(48:31):
president came from the railroad overpass in front of the car. However,
it's determined that the shots that entered the neck and
head of the President and wounded Governor Connolly came from
behind and above. There is no evidence that any shots
were fired at the president from anywhere other than the
Texas School Book Depository building. Others claimed that the presidential
car had a small round bullet hole in the front windshield.

(48:53):
This is evidence that a shot or shots were fired
at the President from the front of the vehicle instead
of from behind. Mission's report rebukes this speculation, stating that
the windshield was not penetrated by any bullet. A small
residue of lead was found on the inside surface of
the windshield. On the outside of the windshield was a
very small pattern of cracks immediately in front of the

(49:14):
lead residue on the inside. The bullet from which this
led residue came was probably one of those that struck
the President, and therefore came from overhead and to the rear.
Experts established that the abrasion in the windshield came from
impact on the inside of the glass. Then there are
claims that a picture published widely in newspapers and magazines
after the assassination showed Lee Harvey Oswald standing on the

(49:36):
front steps of the Texas School Book Depository, shortly before
the president's motorcade passed by The Commission uncovers that the
man on the front steps of the building, thought or
alleged by some to be Lee Harvey Oswald, is actually
Billy Lovelady, an employee of the Texas school Book Depository
who somewhat resembles Oswald. Lovelady has identified himself in the picture,

(49:57):
and other employees of the depositories standing with him as
shown in the picture have verified that he was the
man in the picture and that Oswald was not there.
Even after the Warren Report is released, some people are
still skeptical about what actually happened the day Kennedy was assassinated. However,
the evidence gathered by the Warren Commission and eyewitness testimony
overwhelmingly supports their conclusion that Lee Harvey Oswald was indeed

(50:21):
the assassin who shot John F. Kennedy, and he acted alone.
In nineteen seventy six, a very real conspiracy arose in
the United States during the Watergate scandal. Along with the
handling of the war in Vietnam, much of the country
loses their faith and trust in the government. This leads
to the creation of a Select Committee on Assassinations to
reinvestigate the murder of jfk as well as that of

(50:43):
Martin Luther King Junior in nineteen sixty eight. Their findings
reaffirmed the conclusions made by the Warren Commission. On December twentieth,
nineteen ninety one, one of the most influential events to
fuel the conspiracy theories around the Kennedy assassination occurs. It
is on this date that Oliver Stone's widely popular film
JFK hits theaters. At this point, many in the general

(51:04):
public begin to once again question the validity of the
War and Commission's conclusion and the events that occurred on
the Dad Kennedy was assassinated. It is clear that some
individuals forget that Stone's film is a work of fiction
and not fact. In nineteen ninety two, as conspiracy theories
around the Kennedy assassination hit their height, the government passes
the President John F. Kennedy Assassination Records Collection Act, mandating

(51:27):
the eventual publication of all unreleased documents related to the incident.
This law is signed into existence by President George HW.
Bush and a date is established for the release of
the documents in October twenty seventeen. This deadline is pushed
back by then President Donald Trump, who orders the release
of about twenty eight hundred previously unseen files, but withholds

(51:49):
thousands of others for national security reasons. In twenty twenty two,
the Mary Farrell Foundation which holds the largest collection of
records pertaining to the Kennedy assassination, sues President Biden and
the National Archives and Records Administration for postponing the release
of another fifteen thousand documents concerning JFK's murder. The Biden
Administration once again cites security reasons as the reason that

(52:13):
these documents cannot be released. Based on the evidence we
currently have, and using Okham's razor, which states that given
two options to a problem, the simpler explanation tends to
be the correct one, we must conclude at this time
that Lee Harvey Oswald assassinated JFK for a reason that
we will never know, as he was killed before a
confession was secured. Could new evidence lead to a new

(52:34):
conclusion being drawn? Absolutely? This is the beauty of science
and the search for the truth. A theory can be changed, disproven,
or modified when new evidence comes to light. We should
not stop looking for the truth, but we should not
grasp onto conspiracy theories that lack any significant evidence to
satisfy our curiosity and beliefs until more concrete evidence is found.

(52:55):
The best explanation for JFK's assassination is that Lee Harvey
Oswald was a disturbed man who shot three bullets at
the president's car, one of which went through Kennedy's neck,
another that missed the car entirely, and a third that
struck at the back of JFK's skull and killed him.
The available evidence suggests Oswald acted alone and that no
further conspiracy or foreign entity was involved. This is why

(53:18):
most historians and academics believe that the conclusions of the
Warring Commission are valid, since sixty years of investigations and
research have not provided any concrete evidence to the contrary.
Not having a confession or being able to understand why
Kennedy was assassinated is difficult, which is why many people
seek to find an explanation in conspiracy theories. A single

(53:40):
man who was unhinged and able to throw the most
powerful country in the world into momentary chaos by assassinating
its president is a terrifying thought for many. It is
also not a satisfying ending to a president's life that
so many people respected. The truth is that we will
never know why Oswald did what he did. If there
is more to this story, perhaps it's hidden in the

(54:00):
documents that the United States government has yet to release. However,
the vast majority of the evidence, eyewitness accounts, and expert testimony,
all indicate that President John F. Kennedy was killed by
a madman who believed socialism should run the world and
was presented with an opportunity to write himself into history books,
so he took it. If you found this interesting, check

(54:21):
out this video titled these States were designed to be
sacrificed in case of World War III, or check out
another one on the real reason the United States bought
Alaska from Russia.

Speaker 2 (54:32):
See you next time.