10.5.25

Episode Transcript

Speaker 1 (00:00):
Welcome to the reading of the Courier Journal for Sunday,
October fifth, twenty twenty five, which is brought to our
Louisville listeners via Louisville Public Media. As a reminder, Radio
I is a reading service intended for people who are
blind or have other disabilities that make it difficult to
read printed material. Your reader for today is Saudia Octar.

(00:25):
We'll start with the five day weather forecast brought to
you by w h AS. The weather for today has
a high of eighty five, mostly sunny and warm. Tonight
we have a low of sixty seven, where it will
be clear and warm. On Monday, we have a high

(00:46):
of eighty two a low of sixty eight, and it
will be partly sunny and warm. On Tuesday, we have
a high of seventy four a low of fifty nine,
and we will have a shower and thunderstorm. On Wednesday,
the high is seventy three, the low is fifty three,
and it will be less humid with sunshine. Thursday, we

(01:09):
will have a high of seventy two a low of
fifty eight, and it will be nice with plenty of sun.
On Friday, we have a high of seventy eight, a
low of sixty four, and it will be warm with
clouds and sun. For the Almanac Louisville through four pm Saturday,

(01:30):
the temperature the high is eighty degrees, the low is
sixty two. The normal high is seventy five degrees and
the normal low is fifty five degrees. The record high
was ninety two degrees in nineteen fifty nine and the
record low was thirty five degrees in nineteen eighty seven.
For precipitation twenty four hours through four pm Saturday, zero

(01:55):
inches month to date, zero inches normal month to date
point five to two inches year to date forty three
point one four inches normal year to date thirty seven
point five to nine inches. For the pollen count, the

(02:16):
grass moderate, weeds, high, trees, low, mold moderate. For the
air quality Saturday moderate today moderate as well. For the
sun and moon cycles. For Sunday, the sunrise seven forty

(02:39):
two am, sunset seven to twenty pm for the moon
rise six thirty one pm, moonset five forty seven am.
For Monday, the sunrise seven forty three am, sunset seven
eighteen pm for the moonrise s fifty seven pm for

(03:02):
the moon set six fifty nine am. Now we will
read the front headlines from today's edition, strip Still Thrilling.
Mohammed Ali's legacy continues fifty years after Manila after Thrilla
in Manila Victory. The first article from the front page

(03:25):
of today's edition is titled Still a Thriller by Peyton Titus.
The air sat still and sticky body heat from some
twenty eight thousand spectators and the Philippine Colisseum brought Manila's
mid morning temperature to a boiling point. Breathing felt like

(03:45):
sipping warm water, and estimated one billion worldwide gathered around
the ring, their television sets and closed circuit theater screens
to watch Mohammed Ali and Joe Frasier put on one
of the greatest fights of all time. Fourteen rounds nearly
forty five minutes of unbarred brutality. All Ali estimated he

(04:08):
and Fraser lost four or five pounds apiece as they
delivered punches charged with enough gunpowder two, in Fraser's words,
bring down the walls of a city. The advantage volleyed
between both boxers, but in the end Ali drew on
unyielding resolve, one moment resting his head on Fraser's shoulder,

(04:28):
then bouncing onto his toes and landing a flurry of punches.
The New York Times called this third installment of their
rivalry a quote masterpiece. When the fight was over, Ali
collapsed onto the canvas, victorious, exhausted and badgered by the
sound of blood pounding in his ears. Time may well
erode that long morning of drama and Manila. Mark Cram

(04:51):
wrote of the fight for Sports Illustrated. But for anyone
who was there, those faces will return again and again
to evoke what it was like when two of the
greatest heavyweights of any era met for the third time
and left million's limp around the world. Muhammed Ali caught
the way it was. It was like death, closest thing

(05:12):
to Dian that I know of. Fifty years later, Ali's
legacy has proven impervious to time and death, especially in
his hometown of Louisville, where streets, murals, and an airport
adorn his name. The Thrilla in Manila, as it was
appropriately named between Ali and Fraser, is emblematic of each legacy,

(05:34):
of each's legacy of perseverance. Louvillians still draw on Ali's
fighting spirit today as they struggle to navigate familiarly disturbing terrain.
The city is still coming to terms with systemic failures
that led to the twenty twenty killing of Brionna Taylor.
Like other red states across the country, Kentucky's Anti DEI

(05:56):
Diversity Equity and Inclusion law is officially in effect, and
then Trump administration is leading the charge against civil rights
writ large, this is a time where you have to
be as vocal as Mohammed Ali was. Shamika parish Right,
a Louisville Metro councilwoman and a community organizer, told The
Courier Journal. When you have people who are as vocal

(06:17):
as Mohammed Ali was, you can't only be a seed
that's buried. You have to be a seed that's going
to sprout. Ali started with flat feet, weighed down by
a husky two hundred and twenty four pound frame, twelve
pounds heavier than he was for Ali, Fraser the second
and disbelief and his opponent. Multiple national media outlets covering

(06:40):
the fight. Ringside remarked that Ali came to dominate, not dance.
The quote. Louisl Lip landed blow after blow to Fraser's head,
each connecting with such a violence that HBO's broadcast mics
picked up every skin on gloves, smack and subsequent hiss.
In the second round, Ali hit Frasier with a hard

(07:02):
right hand, causing the challenger to stumble. Before the third,
Ali blew a kiss towards President Ferdinand Marcos and his
wife Emmeilda, but by the sixth round, the crowd chanted
Fraser's name as he gained command. Lamont Collins first met
Mohammed Ali as a high schooler in the montclair Villa neighborhood.

(07:24):
Ali just bought his parents, Odessa and Cassius Clay Senior,
a home on Verona Way, across the street from Ali's
future wife, Lonnie's house. Collins, founder and CEO of Roots
one oh one African American Museum, described montclair Villa as
a black subdivision of Jefferson County created by black builders, lawyers,

(07:46):
and doctors. Ali's family stayed on one side, while Jimmy Ellis,
another heavyweight champion, lived on the other. Ali visited montclair
Villa and rode motorbikes with the children, playing, talking, and
further instilling in them the belief that they too could
achieve their dreams. When Ali fought Frasier for the third time.

(08:07):
Louisville was about a month inter racially integrating schools through bussing.
Collins was three years shy of starting his college football
career at the University of Louisville, where he played alongside
the school's first black quarterback. The Thrilla in Manila sent
a profound message to folks like Collins back home, one
deeper and more intimate than I am the greatest as

(08:31):
a young black man in Louisville. We don't have to
back down, even though they told us to get down,
Collins told the Courier Journal, Oli gave us that momentum
that could be all right. Even though there were challenges,
He kept going and he never stopped. That determination applies
to Ali out of the ring as well. In the
face of dehumanizing stereotypes, Ali insisted upon his own beauty.

(08:57):
He was stripped of his heavyweight title from boxing and
risk prison time for resisting the Vietnam War because, quote,
why should they ask me to put on a uniform
and go ten thousand miles from home and drop bombs
and bullets on brown people in Vietnam while so called
negro people in louvill Are treated like dogs and denied
simple human rights. He demanded to be called Mohammed Ali

(09:20):
after shedding the quote slave name Cassius Clay, despite resistance
from fans, media and fellow Louvillians to accept his identity,
and he was one of the first Americans to support Palestine.
Those who remember Ali today typically remember Ali the humanitarian,
the Olympic torchlighter, the Parkinson's patient, his most passive, palatable self.

(09:43):
But Colin remembers Ali the disruptor, the arrogant, the lightning rod,
and he wishes other folks did too. Now more than ever,
Ali was more than a humanitarian. He really was. Colin
said he was an abolitionist. He was a changer. People
have to understand there's nothing wrong with being an abolitionist
today because we need more people to be changers. Manila's

(10:07):
middle rounds belonged to Fraser. He pinned the champ into
his own corner, dealing so many shots to Ali's kidneys
that he developed hematomas over both hips. In the sixth
Fraser delivered two hooks to Ali's jaw with such ferocity
the President Marcos winced and Imelda's eyes fled to the floor.

(10:27):
After the tenth round, Ali sat with his head hanging low.
Go down to the well once more. Ali's spirit man,
Bundini Brown, cried through tears, the world needs ye Champ.
In twenty twenty, Lousville protesters demanded justice for twenty six
year old Brianna Taylor after three l MPD officers fired

(10:49):
thirty two shots into her apartment, killing her while executing
a no knock search warrant. Their fight helped the city
pass a litany of reforms. Louville created a Civilian in
review board and hired an Expector General to investigate police misconduct.
The city banned no knock search warrants with quote Brianna's
Law and signed a consent decree with the U. S

(11:11):
Department of Justice to guide police. Lousvill also reached a
twelve million dollar settlement with Taylor's family, but five years later,
momentum has stalled. Brianna's Law is now in jeopardy after
the Kentucky Supreme Court struck down Lexington's ban on no
knock warrants. State and federal legislation banning them has yet

(11:31):
to materialize. The Trump administration dropped Louvill's consent decree earlier
this year, sparking concern around the future of LMPD reform.
Mayor Craig Greenberg announced a new plan shortly thereafter community
commitment Louvill's consent decree, but this quote commitment dropped significant

(11:51):
provisions from the Federals from the federal consent decree. Donald
Trump's second presidential victory marked the first time a Republican
cannon won the popular vote since George W. Bush in
two thousand and four. Many attribute the popularity of Trump's
anti DEI anti immigrant platform as pushback to social reform

(12:12):
sparked by twenty twenties nationwide protests. Kentucky, which Trump won
by more than thirty percent, is feeling the trickled down
effect of the right work pendulum swing. The fear is there.
Parish write said, we have a big, bad bully, and
I wish Mohammad Ali was here to beat up our bully.
The Kentucky General Assembly passed a law in twenty twenty

(12:34):
five banning DEI at state universities. Louisville was the last
sanctuary city in Kentucky until two months ago, and in August,
the Environmental Protection Agency canceled a federal grant aimed at
measuring air toxins in rubber Town, where predominantly black and
low income neighborhoods of Louvill's West End, the area Ali

(12:54):
grew up in, are exposed to higher rates of cancer
and respiratory diseases. He denied that the cancelation was related
to Trump Trump's attacks on diversity. Ali once said, when
I climb into the ring, I'm thinking about a law,
and I'm thinking about all those people in every ghetto
and every city in the United States of America. I'm

(13:16):
about to whip all the hypocrites in the power structure.
I'm fighting for my freedom and carrying the hopes of
my thirty million black people here. And that's what my
mission is now. Parishrite says, it's our turn to do
the same. Every decision we make when it's our turn,
can give hope or dim a light. I think he

(13:36):
was all about instilling hope, and he was what we
think of when we say BLM, Black Lives Matter. Ali
regained control late, knocking at Fraser's mouthpiece with the long
left hook in the thirteenth round. By then, the challenger
couldn't see his eyes too swollen to let light through. Still,

(14:00):
after fourteen trips to the center of the ring, Fraser
still wanted to fight on, but his manager, Eddie Fudge
couldn't allow it. Futch said. Fuch called the fight just
as Ali told his coroner to cut his gloves. Champion
another day, Ali won by technical knockout. In nineteen seventy eight,

(14:23):
d C published a Superman comic with Ali on the cover.
In it, The Scrub, an alien race came to Earth,
demanding a fight between each planet's best fighter. Both the
Man of Steel and the Greatest stepped forward then went
on to defeat the Scrub Together. They chose Ali because
at the time, anywhere in the world he went, people

(14:44):
would know Mohammed Ali. Annie Varghis, manager of the education
programs at the Mohammed Ali Center, told The Courier Journal.
Today though children visit the m AC without knowing Ali,
without any tan connection to the champ. The Center opened
in downtown Lousville twenty years ago to continue his legacy

(15:06):
of social justice through education. It tackles the mission with exhibits,
field trips, and youth programs, including the Mohammed Ali Center
Council of Students, which Vargheese participated in from twenty thirteen
to twenty seventeen. MACCS runs concurrent with the JCPS school year.
In twenty twenty five, about one hundred high school students applied,

(15:29):
about sixty five were accepted. They meet for two hours
bi monthly to talk about local and national issues like
environmental justice, racism, and medicine. Lousville's West End didn't have
a hospital for over one hundred years until Norton Healthcare
opened one last November, and how they can be part
of the solution. Mohammed's story connects so deeply with the

(15:51):
young people, Vargheese said. The fight he fought outside of
the ring is one that young people seem to connect
with and admire to so greatly. I think especially young
adults and the college kids. They're looking for their voice,
They're looking for how they can make a difference in
the world. They can find so much within him. The
universally loved by his death in twenty sixteen, Ali wasn't

(16:14):
a perfect man. He often took his role as a
self promoter too far, especially for fights with Fraser. Ali
called his rival ugly, ignorant, and specifically referred to him
as a gorilla ahead of their third bout. Ali was
married four times and fathered nine children with five women.
Barvarghese has found imperfections make him more relatable. Ali once said,

(16:39):
the man who views the world at fifty the same
as he did at twenty wasted thirty years of his life.
His evolution inspires, just like his swagger, brute strength, and
the commitment to black liberation across the globe. We can't
all be Mohammed Ali, parishwrite said, but we can show
up to meetings, We can speak out when things are happening.

(17:00):
We can join organizations that are doing meaningful work. We
can give back in so many different ways, or simply
just be what we didn't have. So if you didn't
know Mohammed Ali, his legacy is rich and there's so
much to learn. And if you did know Mohammed Ali,
then you know his legacy means you must keep going,
You must keep up the good fight. Reflecting on Manila

(17:24):
in my own story written with Richard Durham, Ali asked himself,
should I say that the fight we had tonight is
the next thing to death that I felt like fainting
and throwing up in that moment he heard Fraser's voice
from four years earlier, after their first bout at Madison
Square Garden, Ali promised before that fight to crawl across

(17:45):
the ring if he lost. Fraser walked to Ali's corner
fifteen rounds later, bruised, bloody, victorious and with a message,
we don't do no crawling. Back in Manila, Bundini, Brown
and trainer Angelo Dundee lifted Ali off the canvass and
onto a stool. He sat hunched over, exhausted, out of breath,

(18:05):
drowning in all the commotion. Reporter has bombarded him for comment.
But I already told them, Ali wrote, And I already
told you, didn't you hear me? I said I was
the greatest. The next article from today's edition is titled
Reporter takes on different angle on boxing classic A Q

(18:26):
and A with Peyton Titus. Fifty years ago, Mohammad Ali
and Joe Frasier delivered one of the greatest boxing fights
boxing has ever seen. They went fourteen rounds, trading bludgeonings
for nearly forty five minutes before Ali emerged victorious. It
was an epic conclusion of an epic rivalry. Ali's grit

(18:47):
in and out of the ring is still inspiring Louvillians today.
Peyton Titus is The Courier Journal's college sports enterprise reporter.
Her email address is p ti Us at ga nnett
dot com. Reach out any time with tips, feedback or thoughts.

(19:09):
You can also sign up for her weekly newsletter Full
Court Press, for a behind the scenes look at how
college sports biggest stories are impacting Louisville and Kentucky athletics
In the meantime. Here's a closer look at how her
story on the Thrilla in Manila fiftieth Anniversary and Mohammad
Ali came together. Question, how did the idea for your

(19:31):
story come together? Answer? When I first started trying to
come up with the story for the Thrilla in Manila's
fiftieth anniversary, I knew I didn't want to do a
retelling of the fight. I'm no boxing expert, and I
know whatever I put together by watching the bout on
YouTube would have nothing on the stories written by those
who reported ringside from the Philippines. So I knew I

(19:53):
had to figure out a way to relate the fight
and Louviell's favorite native son to what the city has
going on today. I thought about how Ali is practically
beloved by all, from Donald Trump to Barack Obama. I
thought about how brazen and radical and persistent Ali was,
how the world is experiencing similar cultural and political struggles
as it did in the nineteen sixties and seventies. In

(20:16):
Ali's heyday, he wasn't always someone a majority of Louvillions
would have wanted to name their airport after. I wanted
to see if there was a way to get a
more comprehensive overview of his legacy in this story. Question,
describe your reporting process? What steps did you take? Answer? First,

(20:36):
I read as much as it could. I went back
to the Courier Journal archives to see what people were
writing about him in the nineteen sixties and nineteen seventies.
I read Sports Illustrated story from Ali Fraser II and
several New York Times articles about the fight too. Then
I looked on how all those outlooks wrote about Ali

(20:58):
when he died in twenty sixteen, and I watched some
documentaries about Ali's involvement with the Nation of Islam. Then
I reached out to the Mohammed Ali's Center and Roots
one oh one founder and CEO Lamont Collins for some
story idea inspiration. That's why landed on what published question
What key points did you want readers to take away

(21:19):
from the story answer. One of my favorite quotes that
made it to the story is from council woman Shamika
Parrish write, we can't all be Mohammed Ali, but we
can show up to meetings. We can speak out when
things are happening. We can join organizations that are doing
meaningful work. We can give back in so many different ways,
or simply just be what we didn't have. I think

(21:42):
it's easy for us to defy and distance ourselves from
Ali today. His name and likeness is on our street signs, banners,
and murals all across town. Yes he was pretty, and
yes he had some fun catchphrases. Flip like a butterfly,
Sting like a bee is written on a wall in
the gym at my apartment complex out by Middletown and

(22:03):
Saint Matthew's. But sometimes these monuments can feel shallow. I
wanted this story to help people find Ali in their
everyday life, to show them what he is still, to
show him that he is still relevant today, that we
can look to him for inspiration as what to do
and what not to do at this critical juncture in history.

(22:23):
Hopefully that came across The next article in today's edition
is Highlands Shelby Park Library to stay at Mall, written
by Killian Barlayer System signs lease through June twenty eighth,
twenty twenty six. The Highland Shelby Park Library will remain

(22:44):
at its Mid City Mall location until at least June
twenty twenty six, officials announced September seventeenth, and a joint
social media post Mayor Craig Greenberg and Louisville Free Public
Library officials so the library system has signed a lease
to stay at the mall through June twenty eighth, twenty
twenty six. Officials also announce the branch, which is currently

(23:06):
closed on Sundays, will open Sundays from one to five
pm starting November two. The announcement comes as Mid City
Mall is up for sale, sparking community questions about the
library's future. Some residents have called for the defunct Shelby
Park Branch, a former Carnegie Library, to reopen in its
former home on the grounds of Shelby Park on East

(23:28):
Oak Street. In nineteen ninety four, the Shelby Park branch
merged with the Highlands Branch at its current location in
mid city mall on Bartstown Road. Paul Burns, a spokesperson
for the Louisville Free Public Library, said in an email
that there are no definite plans yet for Highlands Shelby
Park Library beyond June twenty twenty six. The least extension,

(23:52):
he said, gives Louisville Free Public Library time to determine
the branch's next steps. Burns previously told the journal the
city is working with residents to utilize the Shelby Park space,
but he noted opening a new library branch there may
not be that may not be so simple. While we
appreciate the interest in reopening a library at Shelby Park,

(24:15):
especially on the heels of reopening the Parkland Library, the
new Fern Creek Library, and renovations at the Portland and
Main Libraries, a decision to reopen or build a new
library is based on a lot of factors and data
for its previously stated in a statement. The next article
today's edition is Pumpkin ice cream on a hot day

(24:37):
is very hard to beat. Part of best thing I
ate this week written by Amanda Hancock. Heading toward the
small Indiana town of Borden, the road seemed to turn narrower,
and the trees seem to really want to glow an
orange and yellow. The weather app in your pocket may
still show a summary temperature, but you almost feel a

(24:58):
chill when the sign for Huber's Orchard and Winery appears.
Almost the autumnal aura isn't complete without pumpkins, and piles
of them. Pumpkins, some smaller than your hand and others
as big as your car's front seat, are all around
at Huber's. Pumpkins are sort of the unofficial mascot. Lee's Crorer,
director of marketing at Huber's, told the Curry your journal,

(25:21):
and they're not just for looks. Inside Hubert's farm Market,
you'll find freshly baked pumpkin muffin bread, pumpkin preline fudge,
and pumpkin pies. One of the most popular season items
can be found inside the nearby Huber's Ice Cream Factory,
where homemade pumpkin ice cream is made weekly. One scoop
costs six dollars and a double scoop costs nine dollars

(25:44):
and fifty cents For The vibrant, creamy taste to fall
pumpkin ice cream on a hot day is very hard
to beat, Krower said, So it's one of those things
that you'll see the line at the door for the
ice cream shop also serves pumpkin milkshades and pumpkin pie lattes.
The family owned farm that started in eighteen forty three
isn't just hopping on the trend set off by starbucks

(26:06):
introduction of the pumpkin spice Latte in two thousand and three.
I will say we were pumpkin before pumpkin was cool,
Crewer said. Pumpkins season for us has been second to
nothing for decades, long before everyone else discovered that pumpkins
were the thing to do. People in southern Indiana knew
to come here, and it's about to get even more

(26:27):
seasonal at Huber's as this annual fall festival runs on
the weekends now through late October. Speaking of the weekends,
that's the only time pumpkin spice doughnuts are available at Huber's.
Those are in crazy high demand, Krewer said. Between that,
the pumpkin ice cream and slushies, everyone that comes here
is looking for one of those three things, and maybe

(26:48):
all three. During Huber's busiest season, people also come to
slow down and take part in a fall tradition. There's
some built in nostalgia with the fall season, Crewer said,
and as a leaves are turning and the winner is
coming on, people want to celebrate and enjoy being outside
before it gets too cold to do anything. The next

(27:10):
article from today's edition is titled Sharing West Louisville's History,
written by Keighley Dall. For over a decade, Donovan Taylor
has been sharing his love for the ten neighborhoods in
Louisville's West End. Was started as a walking tour of
the historic Chickasaw neighborhood in twenty twelve during his years

(27:30):
as president of the local Neighborhood Association. Has since expanded
to cover the other nine neighborhoods after Taylor was awarded
a fellowship through the Filson Historical Society in twenty twenty three. Now,
his nearly three hour bus tour covers everything from the
origins of neighborhoods to Louisville's civil rights movement and recent

(27:50):
developments within the city and the West End. I grew
up in the area and the neighborhoods all have their
own vibrancy that we should share. Taylor said, it's a
great way for people to learn their own neighborhood and
a great way for people to come across Ninth Street
and experience life in the West End without fear or apprehension.

(28:11):
This concludes the readings for the first sections of the
Courier Journal for Sunday, October fifth, twenty twenty five. Stay
tuned for more news to follow immediately. Your reader has
been Saudia Octar. Now to continue reading the Courier Journal
for Sunday, October fifth, twenty twenty five. Your reader is

(28:35):
Saudia Octar. We will start with the obituaries. We read
only the name, age, and location. If you would like
further information on any of the obituaries, please call us
during the weekdays at eight five, nine, four, two, two, six,
three nine zero and we will be glad to read

(28:56):
the entire obituary for you. I will repeat that number
at the end of the listings. Sonia Joe Armschroff, age
fifty two, Louisville, Kentucky. Kendall Lee Bogman, age eighty five, Lousville, Kentucky,
Felicia Dean Bishop fifty five, Louisville, Kentucky. Ronald Isaiah Davis

(29:21):
seventy six, Louisville, Kentucky. Joan Gribbins ninety three, Louisville, Kentucky.
James Jim Wilfrid Grittison Senior ninety three, Lousville, Kentucky. Deborah
Debbie Jane Humphrey sixty five, Louisville, Kentucky. John P. Kawchak

(29:44):
eighty six, New Albany, Indiana. Gail Loveday eighty three, winter Haven, Florida,
Patrick Maurice Payne eighty nine, Lousville, Kentucky. Marie Mullins ninety four, Shepherdsville, Kentucky.
Katherine E. Popp sixty four, Alfaretta, Georgia Marilyn, Jean Patton,

(30:11):
Gabhart Reinhardt ninety Louisville, Kentucky. Louis Anne Strange Rothberger eighty Lousville, Kentucky.
Gloria Brady Schwartz sixty two, Louisville, Kentucky. Joseph W. Stone
Junior sixty five, Louisville, Kentucky. Anne Elizabeth taylorly Likens Turner

(30:35):
one hundred and three Louisville, Kentucky. George Edward Webb Junior
eighty eight Lousville, Kentucky. Thomas Joseph Weiss eighty five Louisville, Kentucky.
John Wesley White Senior eighty three Lousville, Kentucky. Susie Katham

(30:56):
Wilson ninety three, Newcastle, Kentucky. If you would like any
further information about any of the listings today, call us
on weekdays at eight five, nine, four, two, two, six,
three nine zero, and we will be glad to read
the entire item for you now. Continuing sharing West Louville's

(31:19):
History by Keighley Dall, His tour has changed over the years,
with different attendees adding their own stories and experiences, allowing
Taylor to pull from the community's memories and knowledge of
their own neighborhoods. It really gives it a home style
feel and really gives a present perspective of the history
and current conditions now and how they all tie together,

(31:43):
Taylor said. Taylor has also been an advocate of his
own neighborhood, Hallmark the tenth, an often forgotten community within
the West End, bordered by Cane Run Road to the west,
Algonquin Parkway to the north, and Cyprus Street to the east.
Hallmark is off looped in with the Algonquin neighborhood, but
it's had its own history and identity, Taylor said. A

(32:06):
big part of Taylor's tour is helping both Native Louvillians
and visitors understand the West End is not a monolith.
Each neighborhood has a distinct history, traditions, and community. Taylor's
favorite part of the tour is actually the first few
minutes after he picks up clients at Central High within
the Russell neighborhood. Down Chestnut Street, Taylor leads clients through

(32:28):
the history of Central and Louisville school integration efforts through bussing,
followed by information about the Western Branch Library, the YMCA,
and the former Knights of Pytheis's building and the historic
Chestnut Street Baptist Church. For Taylor, the three block stretch
of Chestnut Street depicts several important themes within the West

(32:49):
End education, community, economy, and faith. It's truly about learning
the diversity of the West End and not to lump
areas with each other and beginning to see the dis
sickness and uniqueness, Taylor said. Growing up in the Hallmark neighborhood.
There was definitely a distinctness being in Hallmark versus being
in Algonquin. Groups and individuals can book tours through Taylor's

(33:11):
Facebook page at west End History Tours or contact him
at west End History Tours at gmail dot com to
schedule a time. The next article from today's edition is
Trump's High Court win streak faces test, written by Maureen
Grope for USA Today. President Donald Trump's winning streak at

(33:36):
the Supreme Court is about to get tested. Until now,
the Court has weighed primarily on whether Trump's controversial policies
can move forward while they're being litigated. Now that some
of the challenges have gone through the lower courts, the
justices will start deciding the ultimate fate of Trump's policies
and the new tour in the new term that begins

(33:56):
October sixth. Slightly more than half the country thinks of
Supreme Court is going out of its way to avoid
making a ruling against Trump that he might refuse to obey,
according to a September Marquette Law School poll. The justices
will also tackle culture war issues, including whether states can
ban quote conversion therapy and prevent transgender athletes from playing

(34:18):
girls' sports, and they'll hear disputes over redistricting and campaigns
spending in restrictions that could affect future elections. But the
main focus will be on Trump's continued testing of the
limits of his authority, starting with a signature initiative the
sweeping tariffs that are the centerpiece of Trump's economic policy
and foreign policy cudgel. The Court will hear that case

(34:41):
in early November. In December, the Court will consider whether
Trump can remove the heads of independent agencies for any reason.
In January, the Court will take up Trump's effort to
fire Lisa Cook from the Federal Reserve Board. That case
raises questions about whether this central bank is different from
other independent federal agencies, what it means to remove a

(35:02):
Fed governor quote for cause. Other presidential priorities that justices
could take up in the coming months include Trump's executive
order restricting birthright citizenship. The big theme will be the
showdown between the Supreme Court and the president, or the
absence of a showdown between the Supreme Court and the president,

(35:22):
said Samuel Bray, a professor at the University of Chicago
Law School. Donald Varelli, who served as solicitor General during
the Obama administration, So the Court will want to show
its upholding the traditional checks and balances between the executive
branch and the two other branches of government, but predicting
when the Justices will do that is difficult, he said

(35:43):
during a public discussion of the new term at Georgetown
Law School. Trump's tariffs could offer solid ground to enforce
limits on presidential power of a really said, But before
taking down such major Trump policy initiative, he said, the
Justices will feel they need a quote pretty strong case
on the legal merits. Court watchers expect the conservative majority

(36:04):
to side with Trump on the issue of presidential control
over the independent agencies, at least for agencies other than
the Federal Reserve. For years, the High Court has been
shipping away at the nineteen thirty five decision and Humphrey's
Executor versus United States, which upheld the constitutionality of preventing
members of the Federal Trade Commission from being fired without

(36:25):
cause when the majority said Trump could fire for now
the last Democratic member of the FTC. Just as Elena
Kagan wrote in her descent that her colleagues were wearing
to overturn Humphrey's Executor they're not the only precedent the
Court could append. The Republican Party argues that a two
thousand and one decision limiting how much political parties can

(36:47):
spend on advertising and other messaging in coordination with the
federal candidate is no longer appropriate. In a case initiated
in part by Vice President J. D. Vance when he
was a senator, the GOP says changes to campaign finance
rules since two thousand and one have led to virtually
unlimited spending by super PACs. As a result, the GOP argues,

(37:08):
political parties have been weakened and leading donors have turned
to super PACs that act as quote shadow parties, which
hurts the political system. If the Court agrees, the practical
implication will be that the presidents, to have control over
the parties, can exert more influence over elections, said Jennifer Knew,
a law professor at the University of Chicago Law School.

(37:29):
In another major election related case, non black voters are
challenging the two majority black districts in Louisiana's congressional map.
The case, which the Court took up last term but
did not decide, test the test the balancing Act that
states must strike and protecting the voting power of a
racial minority while not discriminating against other voters. Under the

(37:52):
Voting Rights Act of nineteen sixty five, states must draw
a majority minority district when it is needed to give
minority a voter an equal opportunity to elect their candidates
of choice, but the Constitution's Equal Protection Clause limits how
much race can be the predominant factor when creating districts.
The Court's decision to rehear the case signals that the

(38:13):
section of the Voting Rights Act that protects the ability
of minorities to elect their candidates of choice could be
in jeopardy. Cultural war issues will also get an airing
before the Court, and one of the first cases of
the term and one of the most controversial, The justices
will take up a counsellor's challenge to Colorado's ban on
quote conversion therapy therapy for LGBTQ plus minors. At the

(38:37):
Trump administration's request, the Justice Department has been given the
time during the oral arguments to back the counsellor's position
that the ban violates her First Amendment rights by censoring
her conversations with clients. An even bigger issue for Trump.
One he campaigned on is preventing transgender women and girls
from competing on female school sports teams. The court is

(38:59):
reviewing Idaho's and West Virginia's bands on trans athletes participation,
which are similar to prohibitions in more than half the states.
The next article from today's edition is from the Archives
The acquittal of mel Ignado, Louisville man charged in high
profile murder case, written by Leo Bertucci. The story of

(39:23):
a Louisville man charged in connection to the murder of
his fiancee had not fully unraveled when he was acquitted
in nineteen ninety one. A relieved Melvin Harry Ignacio said
thank God, thank God to his attorney after a Jefferson
District court read off a series of not guilty verdicts.
The prolonged legal proceedings moved about one hundred miles northeast

(39:45):
to Kenton County because the mystery surrounding Brenda Sue Schaeffer's
death had become a high profile case in Louisville. About
a year after the acquittal, Ignacio confessed to killing Schaeffer
after owners of his former home found rolls a film
showing Ignatio's sexually torturing Schaeffer on the day of her death.
Ignashio could not, however, be tried for murder again because

(40:07):
of the Fifth Amendment because the Fifth Amendment prevents double jeopardy.
The film, which was found under a carpet and an
adduct along with jewelry worn by Schaeffer, served as evidence
when Ignatio was convicted of perjury for lying to a
federal grand jury about his involvement in Shaeffer's death. He
served five years before he was convicted again in two

(40:28):
thousand and one and a state court of perjury for
lying during the trial of a doctor who threatened to
expose him as Shaeffer's killer. He was also convicted of
being a persistent felon. Ignatio was released from prison in
two thousand and six, halfway through a nine year prison sentence,
on good behavior and work credit. He died in two

(40:49):
thousand and eight. The next article in today's edition is
titled Trump seeks control over agencies, Panitary executive theory underlies
push for Power, written by Aaron Mansfield for USA Today.
When Donald Trump suggested revoking the government issued broadcasting licenses

(41:11):
for television stations that cover him, negatively he stepped over
a line that many presidents before him dared not cross.
He ventured into the business of an agency, the Federal
Communications Commission, the Congress created ninety one years ago to
be independent from presidential influence. No president has ever fired
a commissioner, and many commissioners have been outspoken advocates for

(41:33):
free speech. But if Trump has his way, he will
have more power over the FCC in the near future.
That's because his administration has been pushing to get more
control over independent agencies, and so far they're winning. If
they're successful in court in the next several months, the
administration would append the federal government's administrative state and make

(41:55):
independent agencies like the FCC more like any other cabinet
agency than it takes orders from the president. On September seventeenth,
FCC Chairman Brendan Carr was positioned himself to was positioned
himself closely to Trump said there would be quote a
lot of work for the FCC of companies that aired
Late night comedian Jimmy Kimmel didn't take action over Kimmel's

(42:18):
comments related to the suspected shooter of conservative activist Charlie Kirk.
This is a very very serious issue right now for Disney,
car said, referring to the parent company of ABC, which
broadcasts Jimmy Kimmel Live. We can do this the easy
way or the hard way. Carr said he never threatened
anyone's broadcast license, but Trump suggested punishing unfavorable broadcasters. The

(42:42):
next day, Disney temporarily suspended Kimmel's show before reinstating him.
But people on the left and right alike became concerned
about infringing on free speech. Quote. It might feel good
right now to threaten Jimmy Kimmel, but when it is
used to silence every conservative in America, we will regret it,
said ted D. Crews are republican in real time. We

(43:02):
are seeing what happens when that wall of independence is
torn down and an agency commissioner was supposed to be
independent under the law, appears to be answering directly to
the president, said Michael Sozan, a senior fellow at the
Center for American Progress, a liberal think tank. The Supreme
Court will hear a Federal Trade Commission case in December

(43:24):
in which the Trump administration is seeking to reverse a
precedent that protects many agency board members from at weill
firing by the president, and the legal scholars say the
writing has been on the wall for years for the
majority conservative court to side with the Trump administration. The
Trump administration is setting the legal groundwork to gain control
over dozens of independent agencies similar to the FCC, by

(43:48):
firing members of independent boards, getting sued, and then telling
the courts that agencies are unlawfully stepping on his rights
as the nation's sole executive. Underlying all of this is
a unitary executecutive theory that says executive power lies solely
with the president. The people who wield it on his
behalf should be able to be fired by him. For example,

(44:08):
the Securities and Exchange Commission, which is designed to protect
investors and keep financial markets fare, is one of more
than two dozen agencies that are legally similar to the FCC.
So is the National Credit Union Administration where Trump fired
Democratic members in April, and the Federal Election Commission. You
can agree with the agency action, you can disagree with

(44:29):
the agency action, but at the end of the day,
you know whom to hold accountable for the actions the
agency has taken. Is how Zack Smith, a senior legal
fellow at the Conservative Heritage Foundation described the Trump administration's position.
Smith said the vision of power goes back to the
framers of the Constitution, and it would apply to all presidents.
Thomas Berry, the director of Constitutional Studies at the libertarian

(44:53):
Cato Institute, says he supports the unitary executive executive theory
and once in put in agencies to look more like
cabinet agencies which implement the president's agenda and whose leaders
can be fired by the president. Any power they currently
have that is similar to a judge, such as when
the Securities in Exchange Commission hears and decides on an

(45:14):
appeal from court, should go to the courts. He said.
It's not so much that we're pro the executive branch
having lots of power. Barry said, in fact, I think
the executive branch has too much power. It's an issue
of whatever power it does legitimately hold, should that all
be concentrated in the president who's elected by the people.
Mitchell Sallenberger, a political science professor at the University of

(45:36):
Michigan who wrote a book that calls the unitary executive
theory quote a danger to constitutional government. So the theory
is taking one value in the Constitution and injecting it
full of steroids. Sallenberger said the nation's founders did not
choose to have a single executive, and even considered having
more than one before abandoning that plan, But the modern

(45:57):
unitary executive theory ignores the checks and balances that come
from the legislative and judicial branch and the intermixed power
that creates. Experts agree that Trump would gain even more
power over the FCC of courts give him the power
to fire the commissioners who run the agency, but that
doesn't mean they agree with Carr's decision to threaten a
broadcaster over a late night comedian's comments. Sozan said the

(46:21):
broad power of the FCC could be used to control
much of what Americans see or hear, licensing authority over broadcasters,
approving mergers and acquisitions among major media companies, interpreting a
legal provision that affects social media companies, and making sure
that the broadcasters operate in the public interest. The FCC

(46:41):
is one of the agencies that is uniquely weaponizable by
a president, he said. The FCC, under the direction of
a chairman like chairman Car, can take on huge steps
towards infringing on one of our absolutely most cherished rights
and freedoms, which is the freedom of speech. The next
article from today's edition is titled panic Lingers after new

(47:02):
Trump visa restrictions. Chaos ensues as unclear restrictions sent h
one B workers scrambling, written by Diane Zaying and Lauren
Villegren for USA Today. Henry Pan, a software engineer based
in Seattle, was writing a high speed train to his
hometown of Nanjing, China, when news of President Donald Trump's

(47:24):
new visa restrictions pinged on his cell phone. He was
headed home with his girlfriend to attend his sister's wedding,
but emails and headlines were urging visa holders like them
to return to the United States within twenty four hours,
a risk new restrictions and a one hundred thousand dollars fee.
A September nineteenth, Trump unveiled the new restrictions on foreigners

(47:45):
who hold H one B visas that allow people with
higher education or special skills to work legally in the
United States. The president's proclamation sent hundreds of thousands of
working professionals, their employers, and immigration attorneys into a tale sca.
The one thousand, seven hundred and seventy word decree decried
the quote large scale replacement of American workers and systemic

(48:08):
abuse of the H one B program, and lamented the
growth in the foreign share of the workforce in computer
and math occupations. It ordered restricted entry of H one
B visa holders except for those aliens whose petitions are
accompanied or supplemented by a payment of one hundred thousand dollars.
Chaos ensued. Cell phone videos circulated of worried H one

(48:30):
B travelers trying to get off international flights before they
took off. Major American tech companies, law firms, and research
institutions sent panicked emails to their H one B workers,
warning them not to leave the country or to take
the next flight back to the United States. The requirements
were as confusing as a word dramatic, apparently designed to

(48:51):
make people quote feel a sense of disruption, said John Maderos,
a Minneapolis based immigration attorney who chairs a corporate practice
of NILAN Johnson Lewis. The most shocking part about the
proclamation issued Friday evening is that it would go effect.
It would go into effect on September twenty first, at

(49:11):
twelve oh one am. Just two days later, he said,
that's how this administration does things. Ready fire aim. The
H one B visa is a work visa for educated professionals,
issued to workers including accountants, software engineers, and highly specialized doctors, scientists,
and researchers. It's renewable for up to six years and

(49:31):
requires at least a bachelor's degree. Fwd dot US, a
nonprofit that advocates for immigration reform, estimates that more than
seven hundred and thirty thousand people live in the United
States on the H one B, more than one point
three million people when including their dependents. The US government
issues some eighty five thousand new H one b's every

(49:53):
year and renews hundreds of thousands more existing H one
bs annually. Pan who has a mass degree in computer science,
assumed the worst case scenario, despite having only just arrived
for a week's vacation that morning. He and his girlfriend
left Nanjing on September twentieth, boarding a last minute flight
via Soul to Seattle. He missed his sister's wedding that weekend,

(50:15):
and his girlfriend never made it to Beijing to see
her grandparents, who had been preparing for her visit for weeks.
I was home for twenty minutes before leaving again, said Pan.
We both felt really sad. Days later, H one and
B workers, their employers and attorneys say they have more
questions than answers about how the new restrictions and the
one hundred thousand dollars fee would be applied. Trump's Commerce

(50:38):
Secretary Secretary Howard Lutnik, made comments shortly after Trump signed
the proclamation that White House Practice Secretary Caroline Leavitt debunked
the next day on the social media site x. The
fee is one time, not anniel leave, it, said, H
one B visa holders outside the country at the time
of the proclamation won't be charged to re enter, and

(51:00):
the feat only applies to new visa applications, not current
visa holders. All that should have spelled relief to H
one B workers and their corporate sponsors, but Shao Wang,
chief executive of the immigration services firm Boundless Immigration, said
the lack of detail left many unanswered questions and his
clients uneasy in a world where a missed checkbox can

(51:22):
determine whether someone can work in this country or not.
The nitty gritty matters, he said, Each subsequent clarification that
counters something that was said earlier over the course of hours,
if not days, increases the fear people have about not
doing something wrong and being punished for it. Later, Madero
said his corporate clients quote are freaking out. We have

(51:44):
policy that is being made without much thought. Policy being
made through social media posts instead of going through Congress
to get meaningful reform. He said. We support employers with
big international executives. He said, they are telling the foreign nationals,
we don't know if it's not going to apply to you,
so any travel is at your own risk. The H
one B program has swelled since two thousand. US Citizenship

(52:07):
and Immigration Services approved nearly four hundred thousand H one
B petitions or annewals for high skilled foreign workers in
fiscal twenty twenty four, almost double the number approved in
two thousand, according to a USA Today analysis of the data.
The total number of H one B approvals peaked in
twenty twenty two, topping four hundred and forty thousand. It

(52:30):
was at its lowest in recent history, around two hundred
thousand approvals in twenty ten, right after the Great Recession.
The Trump administration has argued the middleman companies have been
exploiting the H one B program to import cheap temporary
labor to the United States and full tech jobs that
could go to American workers. In fiscal twenty twenty four,

(52:50):
seventy one percent of the H one B petitions approved
by the us CIS went to Indian nationals, according to
the agency's annual report of them. Work in the lower
wage temporary category. Experts say nearly two thirds of the
petitions approved went to workers in computer related jobs. The
White House fact sheet that followed the proclamation listed companies

(53:13):
that won approvals for thousands of H one B workers
in fiscal twenty twenty five while laying off thousands of
American workers. The White House didn't name the companies nor
specify whether the hired and laid off workers were in
the same divisions, but the administration made its intent to
crack down clear. On the same day as Trump's proclamation,

(53:33):
the Department of Labor quietly launched Project Firewall, an enforcement
operation to search for abuse by employers of the H
one B program. By rooting out fraud and abuse, the
Department of Labor and our federal partners will ensure that
highly skilled jobs go to Americans first, said Secretary of
labor Lori Chavez de Rimer. In a statement, Wang said

(53:54):
a proposed new framework for selecting H one B recipients,
released September twenty third by us CIS would give greater
weight in the H one B visa lottery to applicants
in the highest skilled categories and to applicants who studied
and obtained a college degree at an American university. That
would bring the balance closer to the original intent of

(54:16):
the program, Wang said, bringing in highly skilled workers and
keeping those who invested in an American education, but the
risks or wrap that the risks of rapid or sudden
change could hurt the country's competitiveness. Wang said oprooting to
move to the United States is an expensive, multi year decision.
It only works if the return on investment is clear.

(54:37):
People are going to choose more stable countries like Canada
to the long term detriment of the United States. The
hangover from the Weekends panic has lingered for those whose
lives and livelihoods hang in the balance. Jackie Chen was
relaxing into the start of her certification in the coastal
Japan when news of the H one V restrictions broke

(54:57):
on September twentieth, at five am WILL Time, she watched
heart racing as Trump signed the proclamation. Everyone was saying
the same thing. You must get back immediately, the software
engineer recalled. I was terrified if I didn't return in time.
I was afraid my company might just fire me like Pan.
Chen abandoned her vacation, booked same day flights, and raced

(55:19):
back to the United States, arriving just before what she
believed was the deadline. Midway through the flight back to Seattle, however,
came a stunning twist leave US clarification that existing H
one beholders would not be impacted. At that moment, I
felt extremely angry and frustrated. I felt like I had
been played, said Chen, who has a master's degree in
data science. They don't value people like us who hold

(55:42):
H one B visas. It feels like we're not important,
so they can casually say something and it changes all
of our lives. But at the same time, I felt
very sad because there's nothing I can do to change it.
The rush return costs Chen an unexpected expense. The cancellations,
last minute airfare, and two hundred dollars per night for
two weeks in a hotel after she sublet her Seattle

(56:03):
apartment during what should have been her Japanese vacation to
tend the mental strain is more painful than the financial losses.
One is that you lost two weeks of a potentially
beautiful vacation, she said. The second is being tormented back
and forth by this policy and never knowing what's coming next.
The incident made me realize I might need to find

(56:23):
myself a plan B, she said, noting friends who have
found opportunities in other countries with less restrictive visa policies.
Maybe America isn't my only option. This concludes excerpts from
The Courier Journal four Sunday, October fifth, twenty twenty five.
Your reader has been Saudia Octar. Please stay tuned for

(56:44):
continued programming on RADIOI