February 21, 2025 • 38 mins
The Nigerian Meteorological Agency has issued a heat stress warning following a surge in temperatures across the country, with several states experiencing extreme heat conditions. This podcast aims to delve into the underlying causes of heatwaves, their connection to climate change, and practical steps individuals and communities can take to mitigate their effects. Abbas Agbaje provides expert insights and guidance on understanding climate change in the Nigerian context and offers actionable advice on how listeners can adapt to and cope with rising temperatures.
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Episode Transcript
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Speaker 1 (00:02):
Hello, welcome to the n Est Radio. Today we'll be
discussing heat waiting Injuria, understanding climate change and coping strategies,
and we have with us our guests mister Abbasta Badji.
He's the Technical and call Episostainability Policy Commission and he
also is a consultant for the Impact Press Consulting.
Speaker 2 (00:27):
And welcome mister.
Speaker 3 (00:28):
Bad Thank you, good afternoon, their listeners. It's a pleasure
to join you today on any Est Radio. Thank you
for having.
Speaker 2 (00:37):
Me, thank you for coming.
Speaker 1 (00:39):
And so I guess we can just get right to
it because I think lots of us have been experiencing
similar things lately regarding the heating injuryer, So, what do
you think are the main drivers behind the current heat
wave injury?
Speaker 3 (00:52):
Thank you for the question. I think it would be
important to clarify some concept here before we're delving into
the main drivers of it with in Nigeria. It's important
to state that heat waves are not a natural event.
(01:12):
They are part of natural cycles of weather patterns and
therefore it is not something unpommon to experience it with. However,
the current trend of it waves globally, not even just
(01:34):
in Nigeria, has been attributed to climate change and giving
the rarity of the assistance of the eat waves that
is experienced across the globe and of course with a
more intense impact in certain parts of the world. So
(01:59):
for example, Bold last year, July twenty twenty three has
been you know, noted to be one of the hot
test months and some days regarded as our test days
in the history of the Earth. And this is because
of the very high temperature that I experienced in different
(02:21):
parts of the world, including China, you know, Southwest countries,
State in the US, as well as some European you
know countries. So when when we bring it back to Nigeria,
we will see that what has happened in Nigeria is
not so different from what has happening in another part
of the world. And therefore some of the things that
(02:45):
are you know, can be said to be the drivers
of its way in Nigeria is one.
Speaker 4 (02:52):
Climate change.
Speaker 3 (02:54):
I mean, it's becoming clearer day by day that anthropogenic
influence is has actually shifted a lot around the climate
you know, greenhouse gas cycle, and it's it's important for
us to begin to think as to how to mitigate
(03:15):
you know, emissions of greenhouse gases which mostly trap hot
egg around the half atmosphere and causes warming. So it's
important for us to you know dig carbonize as the world,
you know, as the world is walking towards the net
zero tender to limit global Halbridge temperature to one point
(03:40):
five degrees cent degree you know, pre industrial period. Now
what this means for Nigeria. You know, even though it's
established that Africa has contributed very little to the global
emission profile, yet Africa and of course Nigeria is country
in Africa, will be one of the recipient of sort
(04:05):
of the worst i part of climate change. And this
is where you know, we must begin to look at
how Nigeria can position itself too, you know, manage concerns
around climate change. So another key driver is also around
development planning physical infrastructure. So there's a concept of the
(04:26):
oban Eat island in a situation where you have you know,
paved surfaces lying around, you know, in different places. You
have paved surfaces on road interlocks, you know, so many
physical spaces that are made with concrete. Now these concreted surfaces,
(04:50):
when rays of sunlight hit these surfaces, it bounced back
in sort of a solar reflectant that bounce back they
eat and which spread across the atmosphere. So you have
surfaces that don't necessarily absorb eat, and because they don't
absorb the eat, the east bounces of their surface.
Speaker 4 (05:10):
Then it's spread across and this.
Speaker 3 (05:11):
Is one of the contributions to you know, the urban
eat highland and of course itat with that is experient.
So two key drivers, you know, One there's a natural
cycle which is being also stretched by human activities because
we're pumping more green hours cases to the atmosphere. Then
the second part is are development planning the physical infrastructure,
(05:34):
and part of that include even whether in our bad
areas or rural areas, how we manage natural vegetation. When
we remove a whole lot of trees, the forestation which
should help cool down you know, the eat in the
in the urban area or even in rural area. When
we remove a lot of trees, then we can expect
(05:54):
that there will be so much eat around. So these, uh,
you know, as some of the key drivers behind the
current eat wave in Nigeria.
Speaker 2 (06:02):
Thank you so much for that response.
Speaker 1 (06:04):
I think you already tackled one of the questions I
wanted to ask, which was you know how climating contributes
to the frequency and the intensity of the waves. I
think it's addressed that very effectively. I think the next
thing would be, you know the health ramifications. What are
the immediate health risks associated with like prolonged exposure to
extreme heat as we've.
Speaker 3 (06:25):
Been experiencing, right, So thank you for that question. And
it's important to say that when we look at IT wave,
there are typically four key indicators that are hoped to
use to characterize IT wave, and one is frequency. So
(06:46):
you're looking at the number of EAT waves that occur
every year. Then you have duration that the length of
each individual with in days. Then you have season in
length the number of days between the first eight wave
of the.
Speaker 4 (07:05):
Year and the last one.
Speaker 3 (07:07):
Then finally you have intensity, our addities during the eight wave. Now,
all of these key indicators oftome play significant role on
the health impact on population, not justfu non human population,
for even whider you know, population in the ecosystem. You know,
(07:35):
it's been it's been eluded that in China, for example,
the experience of the eight wave last year is a
rarity that is expected to a once in two fifty years. However,
it's been seen that over the years, even in the US,
there's been climbing temperature with very serious health impact. And
(08:00):
you know, some of the some of the key health
impact and has been even described by the world that
Welfareth organization, is that anyone can suffer from its stress,
regardless of age sets or health status, particularly people who
are older and children and of course people with sudin
(08:21):
on the line health conditions have you know, greater exposure
to to some of these health related illnesses. In the US,
for example, there have been over twenty five thousand help
its Way related hospitalization. And you have example of common
health concern around eats, cramps, mild eat emails which you
(08:46):
know results in swelling and the legs and hand that
eats simco which involves fainting, its stroke. You know, so
many of these health related concerns and you have a
lot of people and part of the health concern that
comes from the heat wave because of the interconnectedness of
(09:06):
various events. For example, if people are experiencing you know,
very intense heat wave, we tend to go for cooling.
Speaker 4 (09:16):
When we go for cooling, we put on our hESC.
Speaker 3 (09:20):
Now when we put on our hest what electricity, what's
the source of electricity powering the acy. This source of
electricity powering that ac is from fossil fl It means
we are born in additional fossil well which will increase
particulate in the atmosphere.
Speaker 4 (09:40):
Now that increase in particulate in the atmosphere continue to.
Speaker 3 (09:42):
Wors seeing the airshed and with that pollution, it affects
a lot of people in terms of their respiratory functions
as well as cardiovascular functions. So you have a lot
of people having you know, respiratory diseases even you know,
worsening car their or past coolar situation. So you know,
(10:04):
over time, you begin to see that more people collapse, right,
particularly people who are older or even small children, because
small children can even begin to have thermal issues where
their skins they come red.
Speaker 4 (10:18):
Or that they begin to scratch.
Speaker 3 (10:21):
Itchy skins, making them highly uncomfortable. Now for women that
have not seen children, and particularly for those who have
more than one children and they are stills very small
even can lead to a lot around you know, mental
imbalance in terms of their mental well bit because they
will have to deal with multiple cries and attending to babies.
(10:43):
And part of it would even include spending more because
of cooling increases significantly. People may not have to buy
powder to you know, pull on surfaces or buy cream
in household where they don't have such money to buy
these you know, appintment or powder to sort of alleviate
(11:04):
the pain of children. Then it even becomes worrisome as
people can relapsed into you know, hypertension or even terrible
mental situation.
Speaker 4 (11:15):
So you have you know, this.
Speaker 3 (11:17):
Heat with having a whole lot of serious health impact
on people. In fact, a lot of people would not
even be able to concentrate and deliver work productively. And
this this is this is also this also can result
to a whole lot of other challenges, you know, in
terms of health. So there have been a lot of
(11:38):
health related you know, challenges relating to it with that
even often unnoticed by medical practitioner because it is some
of these diagnosis will happen after the fact, but happied
heat illnesses exist and it affects a lot of people.
In fact, in there in the US, it's been estimated
that extreme heat is more depth than any other weather
(12:03):
related hazard. That is, comparing extreme heat with hurricanes, cornadoes, flooding.
They noted that over sixty five thousand Americans. And this
is according to the Center for Climate and Energy Solution,
the US based institution, that more than sixty five thousand
Americans visit the Majerity Room each summer for acute ill illnesses. Now,
(12:28):
this tells us something that over sixty five thousand people
in America not compared to Nigeria, and this is a
place where you tend to see that perhaps they have
better health you know, care facilities now compared to in
a situation where we don't have you know, adequate health infrastructure,
(12:48):
particularly in certain regions in the north where local temperature
is even already typically high. Now, with you know climate
change impact, increasing it occurs, then therefore means that you know,
if whole lot of people will die as a result
of it. And there is also the impact where with
the high impact of it, it means food spoilage will
(13:10):
happen quickly, which will affect nutrition of people because some
people may not be able to afford alternative food and
therefore would not care to eat because with increasing it,
microorganisms can thrive even better. Right, quick deterioration of food, Now,
some people would rather eat that food that is deteriorating
(13:32):
than go only, which will also affect their health. So
the eat wave can have very serious health impact on people,
you know, and we see examples across of that conference.
Speaker 1 (13:44):
Thank you so much for that, I think, I mean,
it's important to know these risks, but I think what's
even more important is to try and you know, figure
out some strategies to stake or so for you, for everyone,
what would you advise would be some effective strategies to
stay cool and hydrated during the heat, essentially in areas
with related access to resources like ac and so, what
(14:07):
would you advise would be the best ways to stay cold?
Speaker 3 (14:10):
Well, I think nature is the best tea chat. So
this is where we must rethink our approach to our
band architecture. Right, very important for us to encourage a
whole lod of a whole lot of people to improve
you know, tree planting so where people don't have access
(14:34):
to electricity.
Speaker 4 (14:35):
In fact, the nature based.
Speaker 3 (14:38):
Solution is perfect because it ultimately reduces the additional boarding
we put u you know, on the environment by trying
to cool down. If you go under a tree, naturally
they ever ever put transpiration process that happens on that tree,
that is where sunlight draws water from the tree and
(15:00):
passes you know coolness. You know, there's always a micro climate.
It's sort of a smaller climate region you know, underneath
the tree. And which which is why for many people,
if you are going into a place where there are trees,
many people who have to pack their cars under the
trees because it's cooler under the tree than outside the tree.
(15:23):
So as much as people can get into places, maybe
there are parks, public parks that have trees, people can
relax under the trees rather than you know, putting on
because some some people rather go into their car turn
on the essay, as your car is burning, the exhaust
that is calling out is further it's you know, it's
(15:46):
going to further pollute the air. They're also releasing additional
as a greenhouse gas to the atmosphere, which will continue
to warm the atmosphere and therefore we're not even solving
the problem. So which is why nature based solution is important.
For people who are involved the heavy lifted every work
and they must work out door, then it means that
(16:06):
they should provide adequate you know water to irate themselves.
I'm putting very good amount of break in between their
work regimes so that they don't collapse or they're not
you know, intense heat does not affect them, you know,
their health. Then if you don't really have anything to
do outside, it's it's best to you know, stay indoor.
Speaker 4 (16:29):
And while you are indoor.
Speaker 3 (16:31):
You can choose the kind of clothing that you wear,
clothing that will not trap a whole lot of it.
For example, you can choose to wear white clothing or
light clothing. Don't wear anything that is black, you know,
you have to wear something that can reflect on like,
not something that will trap on light. So black traps it,
(16:53):
white reflects it, right, and therefore you stay cooler when
you wear something lighter in terms of the the texture
of the material of the cloth and the color as well.
So we can choose to wear cloth. Then again, while
indoor as not as possible, we should try to you know,
(17:13):
open our windows and of course cameras be taken where
people don't have necessary resources to prevent mosquitoes from going
into their houses. But importantly try to allow you know,
indoor ventilation to allow you know, very cool air to
go in and out of the house, and that way
(17:36):
you reduce they eat trapping in the house. And sometimes
again this is very important as to how we keep
our homes and this this is this has to do
with sometimes we stuffing a lot of materials on used cartons,
you know, several materials or things that we don't really
have any need for. The more item you have, because
(18:00):
offices will always absorb or retain it or reflect them.
The more unused materials or used resources that you have
in the house, the more eat that is trapped in
the house. So where you don't have any need for
certain resources or as certain materials, please let them out
because you give more space for free flow of air.
(18:21):
Because this is very important. And for those who are
living in coastal environments, generally the coastal areas provided with
cool bride to cool you know your body and therefore
you may not necessarily have to resort to So take
a walkout you know too nature. Go to the parks
you know, are those that are living close to forest areas,
(18:44):
You can have resting places you know, and you know,
under a tree in your compound. If that is how
your own house is designed, find green areas, green spot
to relax and you will feel that the shade will
sort of go at temperate in this area and people
would you know, enjoy yourself better than you know born
(19:05):
In additional forcify wealth to stakehold which can also have
debilitating health impact to everyone around.
Speaker 1 (19:12):
Thank you very much. I think that was very educational
one from me, so be seen what people can do
to stakeholders, individuals and at home. I think the next
question is, you know, government wise, what policies or initiatives
have been successful in other conscious and addressing heat wings
and climate change. Right.
Speaker 3 (19:32):
So, Interestingly, many governments you know, in different parts of
the world are drawing up curious strategies. In fact, some
government in the US, for example, they are beginning to
name the different kind of eat waves that they experience alphabetically,
you know, to sort of signify the intensity, the frequency,
(19:53):
the duration you know, of the eat wave and the
impact that the past. So has to continue to raise
awareness within the society and amounts relevant stakeholders in taking
necessary actions. Some have come up with for example, some
have come up with designing resilience strategies, right so. Some
(20:17):
some have commissioned certain it's you know, it's a management study,
right so you commission academics or relevant experts to conduct
eats management studies. So they're going to look at the
band areas, perry urban areas and study the urban it
(20:40):
island you know, uh issues in these areas and then
come up with relevant strategies because sometimes the architecture of
our advances band areas of band settlements are planning will
inform specific strategies that will need to be you know apply.
For example, the United States Environmental Protection Agency you know,
(21:07):
as this guide book, they call it Excessive eight Event Guidebook.
So this is something that you know, you know, a
government in Nigeria weather at the national or national level
can can also key into and maybe something like this
can be championed by the likes of NIMES right or
(21:27):
even the federal Midist of Environment you know, or even
you know, Ministry of Health. All of these entities can
work together to produce this kind of guidebook that provide
guidance for everyone across the country.
Speaker 4 (21:42):
You know.
Speaker 3 (21:42):
In fact, this Excessive Events Guidebook produced by the un
us EP was first produced in June two thousand and six,
and that's how many years ago, about eighteen years ago.
So to tell you that each event is not something
that is just happening now, it's been around for a while,
(22:03):
and it's the increasing temperature is.
Speaker 4 (22:05):
Very very prominent now.
Speaker 3 (22:07):
They recently updated this guide book in twenty sixteen, and
that tells you that, you know this, this is a
real challenge. That's why they're paying a lot of attention
to it.
Speaker 4 (22:18):
You also have.
Speaker 3 (22:21):
The Center for Climate and Energy Solutions in the US
that produce resilience strategies for extreme heat. That's another document
in twenty seventeen talking about, you know, some of the
strategies that you know, countries can take. I mean this
(22:42):
was more particularly focused on their US state anyways, but
it can apply to any country that adapted for their
own I mean, their own research revealed that they've estimated
that by two and one hundred it with would have
at least one point eight billion label howur's lost due
(23:05):
to extreme it and which they have you know, evaluated
to be something around about one seventy billion dollars in
wages that will be lost due to lots of productivity.
I'm not sure whether we've had any such research that looks,
you know, into this lots of productivity as a result
(23:27):
of it with you know, whether in Africa or Nigeria specifically,
and this is something the government needs to pay attention to.
At the key step that you know some of the
countries have taken is they've developed what they call climate
mapping for Resilience and Adaptation portal, which you know, it's
the sort of information portal that allows people to get
(23:51):
real time and updated information about some of the key
climate risks that are facing the country. So the can
even be devolved to state levels so that each state
also has a climating related portal because some of the
you know impact general, some impact and also locations specific.
So if every state can come up with this kind
(24:12):
of quatter to guide or maybe a central portal that
has linked to every state total, then everyone you know
in each state can get guidiance as to what they
need to do. Some of the key information around strategies
for copying will also be on this hotal and it
allows people to plan for events such as drought because
(24:36):
when it is prolonged effectively leads to drought. When it
leads to drought, it affected the cultural yield. When it
affected the cultural youth, it means we'll have food in security.
With food in security, you have malnutrition, which will have
health impact. Having a whole lot of other you know,
socio economic challenges, others involved, you know, encouraging you know
(25:00):
for a station, reforestation, tree planting, and of course ensuring
that you can begin to decablize, right because as we
emit more greenhouse gas emission, right then it means will
still continue to ex as a bit this current situation.
And this is why a lot of countries are looking
at energy efficiency measures right you know, looking at draining
(25:23):
will be energy options that help to dicablize, to reduce
further emission to the atmosphere. So these are some of
the steps that some countries have already been taken to
combat you know, these challenges. And you know, more important
thing that Gian needs to policy and climate change policy
as well as a national policy environment already captured, you know,
(25:46):
concept around nature based solution.
Speaker 4 (25:49):
I think a lot that we need.
Speaker 3 (25:50):
To now start doing is to deliberately ensure that we
implement these policies. You know, you have states, you know
like Calabar, you know, cross River state, you have the
likes of legal state, you like lack of all your
state building more parks, you know, with packs where trees aligned,
(26:10):
people can go to pool themselves. Uh, you know, doing
eat with and more people should also covert should also
ensure that there are policies in place to prevent indiscriminate
and cut down of trees, you know, because this this
will contribute to lowering a band it island concern you have.
(26:30):
You know, some some government already considering a band forest try, right,
a band forestry concept you know, allows you know, proliferation
of trees that then improves reduce a band its island
and improves also you know, reduce it with intensity in
any in any local and this is something that the
(26:53):
government needs to be additional attention to as part of
our nature based you know, you know, lashop based solutions,
which which obviously will contribute to our long term objective
of net zero INSI thank you, thank you too much.
Speaker 1 (27:06):
S I mean, now we've discussed what individuals can do,
We've talked about, you know, what governments in other countries
can do, and potentially what Benjian government can do I
think now is to try and sort of synergize both ideas,
right and just think of how can individuals and communities
contribute to reducing greenhouse glass elations and combat climate change?
(27:26):
How do you think that can be? You know feasible
for individuals and communities to reduce greenhouse.
Speaker 3 (27:36):
Yes, Interestingly, I think already a lot of people are
being you know, very well in terms of promoting activities
that will help combat climate change in terms of adaptation.
But what we need more is in terms of skill
up of these interventions. So part of some of the
(27:58):
ways people are combating in uh is you know, in
a band design as we look to so the government
is already planning to build social housing affordable housing. Now
this is a place where the government can take active
step to ensure that the kind of roofing they put
on these houses can you know what they call green
(28:21):
roofs or cool roofs.
Speaker 4 (28:23):
That helps to reduce it sensitivity.
Speaker 3 (28:27):
So while government is you know, and this is why
even at the private sector level, you have the likes
of the higher C Edge certification helping to promote green building. Right,
the green building concept helps to also manage energy consumption.
Part of it is to affle lower you know, eat
(28:48):
trapping in the building. So the government, as it looks
to build out a lot of social housing or affordable housing,
it's important for the government to also encourage you know
by also you know, then the way to put green
roofs cool roof to ensure that people you know, uh
that are going to inhabit those structures will not be
(29:10):
exposed or vulnerable to intense eats. And what this means
is also that it also lowers costs of maintenance of building.
So the choice of materials for building should also include
consideration for you know, lowering it trapping in building. And
this is this is very important. So and that's that's
(29:33):
at the government level. Individually, where people are choosing to build,
they should also factor these into their design, you know,
into their cost estimate to ensure that build houses with materials.
So the choice of materials you know that would not
you know, take a whole load of embody, a whole
lot of heat will go along with of course in
(29:56):
reducing vulnerability to eat with as well as using costs
of maintaining or even a cost of cooling or maintaining
the property in the long term. Then another key important
consideration is in the design of road and paved surfaces.
So our government needs to start thinking and this is
where you know, people that are studying, uh, you know,
(30:20):
aspect relating to materials need to bring their air game
to the fore where the all activities, the whole activities
of people in the building and the construction will be
geared towards reducing or band its high land. But these
paved surfaces should be designed with materials that can allow
(30:43):
absorption of it in a way that will reduce the
overall its content in the environment, even paid surfaces.
Speaker 4 (30:52):
And this is where the concept.
Speaker 3 (30:54):
Of green roads come to play because with this heat,
it can quickly affect, it can cause detereration of infrastructure
that value road, that paved surfaces. So the design of
this infrastructure needs to take consideration of how to manage this.
And generally for people, I think it's to adopt more
sustainable lifestyle as much as possible. Lefts, you know, adopt
(31:17):
nature based solutions and which means can we plant more
trees if you if you're building their house. Part of
the concerns and building their houses, can you have a
small can you have a tree within the compound within
the house. Can you have you know, a garden that
allows for cooling. So build some kind of greenery and
this is what some countries are already doing. A top
(31:39):
some buildings that are you know, lounge areas where people
go to cool and relax all covered in greens. So
a band gardening, a band forestry in facts, some people
are calling it social forestry in a manner that begins
to attract people to use this half door environment in
a way that has value to both the environment as
(32:02):
well as people, so show well being. So everyone has
a role to play, and we all should ensure we
pick up on as that courtail our consumption of you know,
for silk work, adopted more renewables, and this is the
only way for force to lower emissions.
Speaker 2 (32:20):
Thank you, thank you. I agree with everything you've said,
I think.
Speaker 1 (32:25):
So the next thing is to you know, get other
people to agree with it, which is basically public opinion
on this issue, because I think in Nangier it's a
bat The idea of you know, green gas emission is
not as popular as a lot of things. So how
do you think we can improve on the public's understanding
and awareness of the links between heat wave, climate change
(32:47):
and human activities.
Speaker 3 (32:49):
Yeah, so, well, it's it's interesting that there are still
you know, climate skeptics, right, the climate skeptics, But all
in all, it's really clear that there's a pattern in
terms of what we are experiencing regarding extreme weather event
(33:14):
and this this especially calls for rethinking.
Speaker 4 (33:20):
That paradigm.
Speaker 3 (33:21):
That there is a lot of works about climate change,
but you know, in terms of building greater awareness and
you know, building momentum for action amongst the wilder stakeholders,
I think the first step is to sort of improve
(33:42):
advocacy enlighten people more.
Speaker 4 (33:46):
So.
Speaker 3 (33:46):
For example, some of the strategies would be to use
our various media platforms, whether it's social media or whether
it's the traditional media via radio, local languages, you know,
wise people talk to people about climate change in local languages,
whether it's you know, the three main languages, Our sahibw,
(34:09):
Yoruba and of course the first one Pigeon. And where
we can educate people more about the concept of climate
change and the impact of climate change and how people
should respond to these you know, already manifesting challenges around
the house. Now it's it's it's it's an uphill task
in convincing a lot of people. And this is where
(34:31):
we need you know, expert and climate change to come
together with people, you know, sociologists, you know, linguist to
look at the framing of this message so that it
will have you know, the right impact and when when
it is directed to different categories of audience, because the
way you will address different kinds of audience, audience targeting
(34:53):
is very important and this is why when you look
at the assessment report of the inter Dovermental Panel and
clasmate Change, you will see that they typically would produce
to kind of reports. One is the summary for policy makers.
Then there's the general report for the general people to
read as well as for the scientific community. Now you
will see that the targeting of the policy maker is
(35:16):
more abriage direct and tend to speak about economic impact
and then you know the reason for taking action. So
the same way if you are designing, uh, you know,
advocusing intervention, we need to apply this audience targeting, ensuring
that we understand the categories of audience because amongst the
people that we were talking to are people who are
not literate, right, so how do we frame this climate
(35:39):
change issue, uh, you know, in a way that they
will understand. There are also people who are skeptics. How
do we make sure we provide relevant data evidence to
support whatever assession that we are tabling to them? That
are people who do not necessarily care. But you know,
with the right amount of knowdging and then they will
(36:00):
begin to a series and why they need to make
certain ship in their own lifestyles and to to ensure
that everyone plays is or our role in this you know,
climate change action, whether it is mitigation or adaptation. But
more importantly, the private sector can also play very critical role.
(36:22):
The private sector complicate to col role in ensuring that
hard location of investment finance goes towards you know, a
project that contribute to both mitigation and adaptation.
Speaker 4 (36:35):
Now, the the the we.
Speaker 3 (36:40):
We must understand that some of the justification for these
allocation of resources may not come in terms of immediate games,
but the longer term perspective is very critical to ensuring
that everyone achieves there. So there's resilience across three levels.
Resilience in terms of the environment, resilience for business, and
(37:01):
resilience for the society. If any of these resilients is missing,
everybody's going to be in a bad ship. And this
is why it's important that both the public sector, the
private sector and the general public society is large come
together to work in concerts to ensure that we can
come back climate change ED.
Speaker 2 (37:20):
Thank you, Thank you so much, mister Bage.
Speaker 1 (37:22):
I think for me, this has been a very educational topic,
especially in the times that we're in. So i'd like
to thank you for taking the time to come and
speak to us today. So I would also like to
thank everybody for joining us on the podcast this episode
of The Nest Radio. To listen to other episodes, please
visit Next Group, Those or Slash podcasts.
Speaker 2 (37:44):
Thank you, thank you againing me so much.
Speaker 3 (37:48):
Thank you so much for having met
Hello, welcome to the n Est Radio. Today we'll be
discussing heat waiting Injuria, understanding climate change and coping strategies,
and we have with us our guests mister Abbasta Badji.
He's the Technical and call Episostainability Policy Commission and he
also is a consultant for the Impact Press Consulting.
Speaker 2 (00:27):
And welcome mister.
Speaker 3 (00:28):
Bad Thank you, good afternoon, their listeners. It's a pleasure
to join you today on any Est Radio. Thank you
for having.
Speaker 2 (00:37):
Me, thank you for coming.
Speaker 1 (00:39):
And so I guess we can just get right to
it because I think lots of us have been experiencing
similar things lately regarding the heating injuryer, So, what do
you think are the main drivers behind the current heat
wave injury?
Speaker 3 (00:52):
Thank you for the question. I think it would be
important to clarify some concept here before we're delving into
the main drivers of it with in Nigeria. It's important
to state that heat waves are not a natural event.
(01:12):
They are part of natural cycles of weather patterns and
therefore it is not something unpommon to experience it with. However,
the current trend of it waves globally, not even just
(01:34):
in Nigeria, has been attributed to climate change and giving
the rarity of the assistance of the eat waves that
is experienced across the globe and of course with a
more intense impact in certain parts of the world. So
(01:59):
for example, Bold last year, July twenty twenty three has
been you know, noted to be one of the hot
test months and some days regarded as our test days
in the history of the Earth. And this is because
of the very high temperature that I experienced in different
(02:21):
parts of the world, including China, you know, Southwest countries,
State in the US, as well as some European you
know countries. So when when we bring it back to Nigeria,
we will see that what has happened in Nigeria is
not so different from what has happening in another part
of the world. And therefore some of the things that
(02:45):
are you know, can be said to be the drivers
of its way in Nigeria is one.
Speaker 4 (02:52):
Climate change.
Speaker 3 (02:54):
I mean, it's becoming clearer day by day that anthropogenic
influence is has actually shifted a lot around the climate
you know, greenhouse gas cycle, and it's it's important for
us to begin to think as to how to mitigate
(03:15):
you know, emissions of greenhouse gases which mostly trap hot
egg around the half atmosphere and causes warming. So it's
important for us to you know dig carbonize as the world,
you know, as the world is walking towards the net
zero tender to limit global Halbridge temperature to one point
(03:40):
five degrees cent degree you know, pre industrial period. Now
what this means for Nigeria. You know, even though it's
established that Africa has contributed very little to the global
emission profile, yet Africa and of course Nigeria is country
in Africa, will be one of the recipient of sort
(04:05):
of the worst i part of climate change. And this
is where you know, we must begin to look at
how Nigeria can position itself too, you know, manage concerns
around climate change. So another key driver is also around
development planning physical infrastructure. So there's a concept of the
(04:26):
oban Eat island in a situation where you have you know,
paved surfaces lying around, you know, in different places. You
have paved surfaces on road interlocks, you know, so many
physical spaces that are made with concrete. Now these concreted surfaces,
(04:50):
when rays of sunlight hit these surfaces, it bounced back
in sort of a solar reflectant that bounce back they
eat and which spread across the atmosphere. So you have
surfaces that don't necessarily absorb eat, and because they don't
absorb the eat, the east bounces of their surface.
Speaker 4 (05:10):
Then it's spread across and this.
Speaker 3 (05:11):
Is one of the contributions to you know, the urban
eat highland and of course itat with that is experient.
So two key drivers, you know, One there's a natural
cycle which is being also stretched by human activities because
we're pumping more green hours cases to the atmosphere. Then
the second part is are development planning the physical infrastructure,
(05:34):
and part of that include even whether in our bad
areas or rural areas, how we manage natural vegetation. When
we remove a whole lot of trees, the forestation which
should help cool down you know, the eat in the
in the urban area or even in rural area. When
we remove a lot of trees, then we can expect
(05:54):
that there will be so much eat around. So these, uh,
you know, as some of the key drivers behind the
current eat wave in Nigeria.
Speaker 2 (06:02):
Thank you so much for that response.
Speaker 1 (06:04):
I think you already tackled one of the questions I
wanted to ask, which was you know how climating contributes
to the frequency and the intensity of the waves. I
think it's addressed that very effectively. I think the next
thing would be, you know the health ramifications. What are
the immediate health risks associated with like prolonged exposure to
extreme heat as we've.
Speaker 3 (06:25):
Been experiencing, right, So thank you for that question. And
it's important to say that when we look at IT wave,
there are typically four key indicators that are hoped to
use to characterize IT wave, and one is frequency. So
(06:46):
you're looking at the number of EAT waves that occur
every year. Then you have duration that the length of
each individual with in days. Then you have season in
length the number of days between the first eight wave
of the.
Speaker 4 (07:05):
Year and the last one.
Speaker 3 (07:07):
Then finally you have intensity, our addities during the eight wave. Now,
all of these key indicators oftome play significant role on
the health impact on population, not justfu non human population,
for even whider you know, population in the ecosystem. You know,
(07:35):
it's been it's been eluded that in China, for example,
the experience of the eight wave last year is a
rarity that is expected to a once in two fifty years. However,
it's been seen that over the years, even in the US,
there's been climbing temperature with very serious health impact. And
(08:00):
you know, some of the some of the key health
impact and has been even described by the world that
Welfareth organization, is that anyone can suffer from its stress,
regardless of age sets or health status, particularly people who
are older and children and of course people with sudin
(08:21):
on the line health conditions have you know, greater exposure
to to some of these health related illnesses. In the US,
for example, there have been over twenty five thousand help
its Way related hospitalization. And you have example of common
health concern around eats, cramps, mild eat emails which you
(08:46):
know results in swelling and the legs and hand that
eats simco which involves fainting, its stroke. You know, so
many of these health related concerns and you have a
lot of people and part of the health concern that
comes from the heat wave because of the interconnectedness of
(09:06):
various events. For example, if people are experiencing you know,
very intense heat wave, we tend to go for cooling.
Speaker 4 (09:16):
When we go for cooling, we put on our hESC.
Speaker 3 (09:20):
Now when we put on our hest what electricity, what's
the source of electricity powering the acy. This source of
electricity powering that ac is from fossil fl It means
we are born in additional fossil well which will increase
particulate in the atmosphere.
Speaker 4 (09:40):
Now that increase in particulate in the atmosphere continue to.
Speaker 3 (09:42):
Wors seeing the airshed and with that pollution, it affects
a lot of people in terms of their respiratory functions
as well as cardiovascular functions. So you have a lot
of people having you know, respiratory diseases even you know,
worsening car their or past coolar situation. So you know,
(10:04):
over time, you begin to see that more people collapse, right,
particularly people who are older or even small children, because
small children can even begin to have thermal issues where
their skins they come red.
Speaker 4 (10:18):
Or that they begin to scratch.
Speaker 3 (10:21):
Itchy skins, making them highly uncomfortable. Now for women that
have not seen children, and particularly for those who have
more than one children and they are stills very small
even can lead to a lot around you know, mental
imbalance in terms of their mental well bit because they
will have to deal with multiple cries and attending to babies.
(10:43):
And part of it would even include spending more because
of cooling increases significantly. People may not have to buy
powder to you know, pull on surfaces or buy cream
in household where they don't have such money to buy
these you know, appintment or powder to sort of alleviate
(11:04):
the pain of children. Then it even becomes worrisome as
people can relapsed into you know, hypertension or even terrible
mental situation.
Speaker 4 (11:15):
So you have you know, this.
Speaker 3 (11:17):
Heat with having a whole lot of serious health impact
on people. In fact, a lot of people would not
even be able to concentrate and deliver work productively. And
this this is this is also this also can result
to a whole lot of other challenges, you know, in
terms of health. So there have been a lot of
(11:38):
health related you know, challenges relating to it with that
even often unnoticed by medical practitioner because it is some
of these diagnosis will happen after the fact, but happied
heat illnesses exist and it affects a lot of people.
In fact, in there in the US, it's been estimated
that extreme heat is more depth than any other weather
(12:03):
related hazard. That is, comparing extreme heat with hurricanes, cornadoes, flooding.
They noted that over sixty five thousand Americans. And this
is according to the Center for Climate and Energy Solution,
the US based institution, that more than sixty five thousand
Americans visit the Majerity Room each summer for acute ill illnesses. Now,
(12:28):
this tells us something that over sixty five thousand people
in America not compared to Nigeria, and this is a
place where you tend to see that perhaps they have
better health you know, care facilities now compared to in
a situation where we don't have you know, adequate health infrastructure,
(12:48):
particularly in certain regions in the north where local temperature
is even already typically high. Now, with you know climate
change impact, increasing it occurs, then therefore means that you know,
if whole lot of people will die as a result
of it. And there is also the impact where with
the high impact of it, it means food spoilage will
(13:10):
happen quickly, which will affect nutrition of people because some
people may not be able to afford alternative food and
therefore would not care to eat because with increasing it,
microorganisms can thrive even better. Right, quick deterioration of food, Now,
some people would rather eat that food that is deteriorating
(13:32):
than go only, which will also affect their health. So
the eat wave can have very serious health impact on people,
you know, and we see examples across of that conference.
Speaker 1 (13:44):
Thank you so much for that, I think, I mean,
it's important to know these risks, but I think what's
even more important is to try and you know, figure
out some strategies to stake or so for you, for everyone,
what would you advise would be some effective strategies to
stay cool and hydrated during the heat, essentially in areas
with related access to resources like ac and so, what
(14:07):
would you advise would be the best ways to stay cold?
Speaker 3 (14:10):
Well, I think nature is the best tea chat. So
this is where we must rethink our approach to our
band architecture. Right, very important for us to encourage a
whole lod of a whole lot of people to improve
you know, tree planting so where people don't have access
(14:34):
to electricity.
Speaker 4 (14:35):
In fact, the nature based.
Speaker 3 (14:38):
Solution is perfect because it ultimately reduces the additional boarding
we put u you know, on the environment by trying
to cool down. If you go under a tree, naturally
they ever ever put transpiration process that happens on that tree,
that is where sunlight draws water from the tree and
(15:00):
passes you know coolness. You know, there's always a micro climate.
It's sort of a smaller climate region you know, underneath
the tree. And which which is why for many people,
if you are going into a place where there are trees,
many people who have to pack their cars under the
trees because it's cooler under the tree than outside the tree.
(15:23):
So as much as people can get into places, maybe
there are parks, public parks that have trees, people can
relax under the trees rather than you know, putting on
because some some people rather go into their car turn
on the essay, as your car is burning, the exhaust
that is calling out is further it's you know, it's
(15:46):
going to further pollute the air. They're also releasing additional
as a greenhouse gas to the atmosphere, which will continue
to warm the atmosphere and therefore we're not even solving
the problem. So which is why nature based solution is important.
For people who are involved the heavy lifted every work
and they must work out door, then it means that
(16:06):
they should provide adequate you know water to irate themselves.
I'm putting very good amount of break in between their
work regimes so that they don't collapse or they're not
you know, intense heat does not affect them, you know,
their health. Then if you don't really have anything to
do outside, it's it's best to you know, stay indoor.
Speaker 4 (16:29):
And while you are indoor.
Speaker 3 (16:31):
You can choose the kind of clothing that you wear,
clothing that will not trap a whole lot of it.
For example, you can choose to wear white clothing or
light clothing. Don't wear anything that is black, you know,
you have to wear something that can reflect on like,
not something that will trap on light. So black traps it,
(16:53):
white reflects it, right, and therefore you stay cooler when
you wear something lighter in terms of the the texture
of the material of the cloth and the color as well.
So we can choose to wear cloth. Then again, while
indoor as not as possible, we should try to you know,
(17:13):
open our windows and of course cameras be taken where
people don't have necessary resources to prevent mosquitoes from going
into their houses. But importantly try to allow you know,
indoor ventilation to allow you know, very cool air to
go in and out of the house, and that way
(17:36):
you reduce they eat trapping in the house. And sometimes
again this is very important as to how we keep
our homes and this this is this has to do
with sometimes we stuffing a lot of materials on used cartons,
you know, several materials or things that we don't really
have any need for. The more item you have, because
(18:00):
offices will always absorb or retain it or reflect them.
The more unused materials or used resources that you have
in the house, the more eat that is trapped in
the house. So where you don't have any need for
certain resources or as certain materials, please let them out
because you give more space for free flow of air.
(18:21):
Because this is very important. And for those who are
living in coastal environments, generally the coastal areas provided with
cool bride to cool you know your body and therefore
you may not necessarily have to resort to So take
a walkout you know too nature. Go to the parks
you know, are those that are living close to forest areas,
(18:44):
You can have resting places you know, and you know,
under a tree in your compound. If that is how
your own house is designed, find green areas, green spot
to relax and you will feel that the shade will
sort of go at temperate in this area and people
would you know, enjoy yourself better than you know born
(19:05):
In additional forcify wealth to stakehold which can also have
debilitating health impact to everyone around.
Speaker 1 (19:12):
Thank you very much. I think that was very educational
one from me, so be seen what people can do
to stakeholders, individuals and at home. I think the next
question is, you know, government wise, what policies or initiatives
have been successful in other conscious and addressing heat wings
and climate change. Right.
Speaker 3 (19:32):
So, Interestingly, many governments you know, in different parts of
the world are drawing up curious strategies. In fact, some
government in the US, for example, they are beginning to
name the different kind of eat waves that they experience alphabetically,
you know, to sort of signify the intensity, the frequency,
(19:53):
the duration you know, of the eat wave and the
impact that the past. So has to continue to raise
awareness within the society and amounts relevant stakeholders in taking
necessary actions. Some have come up with for example, some
have come up with designing resilience strategies, right so. Some
(20:17):
some have commissioned certain it's you know, it's a management study,
right so you commission academics or relevant experts to conduct
eats management studies. So they're going to look at the
band areas, perry urban areas and study the urban it
(20:40):
island you know, uh issues in these areas and then
come up with relevant strategies because sometimes the architecture of
our advances band areas of band settlements are planning will
inform specific strategies that will need to be you know apply.
For example, the United States Environmental Protection Agency you know,
(21:07):
as this guide book, they call it Excessive eight Event Guidebook.
So this is something that you know, you know, a
government in Nigeria weather at the national or national level
can can also key into and maybe something like this
can be championed by the likes of NIMES right or
(21:27):
even the federal Midist of Environment you know, or even
you know, Ministry of Health. All of these entities can
work together to produce this kind of guidebook that provide
guidance for everyone across the country.
Speaker 4 (21:42):
You know.
Speaker 3 (21:42):
In fact, this Excessive Events Guidebook produced by the un
us EP was first produced in June two thousand and six,
and that's how many years ago, about eighteen years ago.
So to tell you that each event is not something
that is just happening now, it's been around for a while,
(22:03):
and it's the increasing temperature is.
Speaker 4 (22:05):
Very very prominent now.
Speaker 3 (22:07):
They recently updated this guide book in twenty sixteen, and
that tells you that, you know this, this is a
real challenge. That's why they're paying a lot of attention
to it.
Speaker 4 (22:18):
You also have.
Speaker 3 (22:21):
The Center for Climate and Energy Solutions in the US
that produce resilience strategies for extreme heat. That's another document
in twenty seventeen talking about, you know, some of the
strategies that you know, countries can take. I mean this
(22:42):
was more particularly focused on their US state anyways, but
it can apply to any country that adapted for their
own I mean, their own research revealed that they've estimated
that by two and one hundred it with would have
at least one point eight billion label howur's lost due
(23:05):
to extreme it and which they have you know, evaluated
to be something around about one seventy billion dollars in
wages that will be lost due to lots of productivity.
I'm not sure whether we've had any such research that looks,
you know, into this lots of productivity as a result
(23:27):
of it with you know, whether in Africa or Nigeria specifically,
and this is something the government needs to pay attention to.
At the key step that you know some of the
countries have taken is they've developed what they call climate
mapping for Resilience and Adaptation portal, which you know, it's
the sort of information portal that allows people to get
(23:51):
real time and updated information about some of the key
climate risks that are facing the country. So the can
even be devolved to state levels so that each state
also has a climating related portal because some of the
you know impact general, some impact and also locations specific.
So if every state can come up with this kind
(24:12):
of quatter to guide or maybe a central portal that
has linked to every state total, then everyone you know
in each state can get guidiance as to what they
need to do. Some of the key information around strategies
for copying will also be on this hotal and it
allows people to plan for events such as drought because
(24:36):
when it is prolonged effectively leads to drought. When it
leads to drought, it affected the cultural yield. When it
affected the cultural youth, it means we'll have food in security.
With food in security, you have malnutrition, which will have
health impact. Having a whole lot of other you know,
socio economic challenges, others involved, you know, encouraging you know
(25:00):
for a station, reforestation, tree planting, and of course ensuring
that you can begin to decablize, right because as we
emit more greenhouse gas emission, right then it means will
still continue to ex as a bit this current situation.
And this is why a lot of countries are looking
at energy efficiency measures right you know, looking at draining
(25:23):
will be energy options that help to dicablize, to reduce
further emission to the atmosphere. So these are some of
the steps that some countries have already been taken to
combat you know, these challenges. And you know, more important
thing that Gian needs to policy and climate change policy
as well as a national policy environment already captured, you know,
(25:46):
concept around nature based solution.
Speaker 4 (25:49):
I think a lot that we need.
Speaker 3 (25:50):
To now start doing is to deliberately ensure that we
implement these policies. You know, you have states, you know
like Calabar, you know, cross River state, you have the
likes of legal state, you like lack of all your
state building more parks, you know, with packs where trees aligned,
(26:10):
people can go to pool themselves. Uh, you know, doing
eat with and more people should also covert should also
ensure that there are policies in place to prevent indiscriminate
and cut down of trees, you know, because this this
will contribute to lowering a band it island concern you have.
(26:30):
You know, some some government already considering a band forest try, right,
a band forestry concept you know, allows you know, proliferation
of trees that then improves reduce a band its island
and improves also you know, reduce it with intensity in
any in any local and this is something that the
(26:53):
government needs to be additional attention to as part of
our nature based you know, you know, lashop based solutions,
which which obviously will contribute to our long term objective
of net zero INSI thank you, thank you too much.
Speaker 1 (27:06):
S I mean, now we've discussed what individuals can do,
We've talked about, you know, what governments in other countries
can do, and potentially what Benjian government can do I
think now is to try and sort of synergize both ideas,
right and just think of how can individuals and communities
contribute to reducing greenhouse glass elations and combat climate change?
(27:26):
How do you think that can be? You know feasible
for individuals and communities to reduce greenhouse.
Speaker 3 (27:36):
Yes, Interestingly, I think already a lot of people are
being you know, very well in terms of promoting activities
that will help combat climate change in terms of adaptation.
But what we need more is in terms of skill
up of these interventions. So part of some of the
(27:58):
ways people are combating in uh is you know, in
a band design as we look to so the government
is already planning to build social housing affordable housing. Now
this is a place where the government can take active
step to ensure that the kind of roofing they put
on these houses can you know what they call green
(28:21):
roofs or cool roofs.
Speaker 4 (28:23):
That helps to reduce it sensitivity.
Speaker 3 (28:27):
So while government is you know, and this is why
even at the private sector level, you have the likes
of the higher C Edge certification helping to promote green building. Right,
the green building concept helps to also manage energy consumption.
Part of it is to affle lower you know, eat
(28:48):
trapping in the building. So the government, as it looks
to build out a lot of social housing or affordable housing,
it's important for the government to also encourage you know
by also you know, then the way to put green
roofs cool roof to ensure that people you know, uh
that are going to inhabit those structures will not be
(29:10):
exposed or vulnerable to intense eats. And what this means
is also that it also lowers costs of maintenance of building.
So the choice of materials for building should also include
consideration for you know, lowering it trapping in building. And
this is this is very important. So and that's that's
(29:33):
at the government level. Individually, where people are choosing to build,
they should also factor these into their design, you know,
into their cost estimate to ensure that build houses with materials.
So the choice of materials you know that would not
you know, take a whole load of embody, a whole
lot of heat will go along with of course in
(29:56):
reducing vulnerability to eat with as well as using costs
of maintaining or even a cost of cooling or maintaining
the property in the long term. Then another key important
consideration is in the design of road and paved surfaces.
So our government needs to start thinking and this is
where you know, people that are studying, uh, you know,
(30:20):
aspect relating to materials need to bring their air game
to the fore where the all activities, the whole activities
of people in the building and the construction will be
geared towards reducing or band its high land. But these
paved surfaces should be designed with materials that can allow
(30:43):
absorption of it in a way that will reduce the
overall its content in the environment, even paid surfaces.
Speaker 4 (30:52):
And this is where the concept.
Speaker 3 (30:54):
Of green roads come to play because with this heat,
it can quickly affect, it can cause detereration of infrastructure
that value road, that paved surfaces. So the design of
this infrastructure needs to take consideration of how to manage this.
And generally for people, I think it's to adopt more
sustainable lifestyle as much as possible. Lefts, you know, adopt
(31:17):
nature based solutions and which means can we plant more
trees if you if you're building their house. Part of
the concerns and building their houses, can you have a
small can you have a tree within the compound within
the house. Can you have you know, a garden that
allows for cooling. So build some kind of greenery and
this is what some countries are already doing. A top
(31:39):
some buildings that are you know, lounge areas where people
go to cool and relax all covered in greens. So
a band gardening, a band forestry in facts, some people
are calling it social forestry in a manner that begins
to attract people to use this half door environment in
a way that has value to both the environment as
(32:02):
well as people, so show well being. So everyone has
a role to play, and we all should ensure we
pick up on as that courtail our consumption of you know,
for silk work, adopted more renewables, and this is the
only way for force to lower emissions.
Speaker 2 (32:20):
Thank you, thank you. I agree with everything you've said,
I think.
Speaker 1 (32:25):
So the next thing is to you know, get other
people to agree with it, which is basically public opinion
on this issue, because I think in Nangier it's a
bat The idea of you know, green gas emission is
not as popular as a lot of things. So how
do you think we can improve on the public's understanding
and awareness of the links between heat wave, climate change
(32:47):
and human activities.
Speaker 3 (32:49):
Yeah, so, well, it's it's interesting that there are still
you know, climate skeptics, right, the climate skeptics, But all
in all, it's really clear that there's a pattern in
terms of what we are experiencing regarding extreme weather event
(33:14):
and this this especially calls for rethinking.
Speaker 4 (33:20):
That paradigm.
Speaker 3 (33:21):
That there is a lot of works about climate change,
but you know, in terms of building greater awareness and
you know, building momentum for action amongst the wilder stakeholders,
I think the first step is to sort of improve
(33:42):
advocacy enlighten people more.
Speaker 4 (33:46):
So.
Speaker 3 (33:46):
For example, some of the strategies would be to use
our various media platforms, whether it's social media or whether
it's the traditional media via radio, local languages, you know,
wise people talk to people about climate change in local languages,
whether it's you know, the three main languages, Our sahibw,
(34:09):
Yoruba and of course the first one Pigeon. And where
we can educate people more about the concept of climate
change and the impact of climate change and how people
should respond to these you know, already manifesting challenges around
the house. Now it's it's it's it's an uphill task
in convincing a lot of people. And this is where
(34:31):
we need you know, expert and climate change to come
together with people, you know, sociologists, you know, linguist to
look at the framing of this message so that it
will have you know, the right impact and when when
it is directed to different categories of audience, because the
way you will address different kinds of audience, audience targeting
(34:53):
is very important and this is why when you look
at the assessment report of the inter Dovermental Panel and
clasmate Change, you will see that they typically would produce
to kind of reports. One is the summary for policy makers.
Then there's the general report for the general people to
read as well as for the scientific community. Now you
will see that the targeting of the policy maker is
(35:16):
more abriage direct and tend to speak about economic impact
and then you know the reason for taking action. So
the same way if you are designing, uh, you know,
advocusing intervention, we need to apply this audience targeting, ensuring
that we understand the categories of audience because amongst the
people that we were talking to are people who are
not literate, right, so how do we frame this climate
(35:39):
change issue, uh, you know, in a way that they
will understand. There are also people who are skeptics. How
do we make sure we provide relevant data evidence to
support whatever assession that we are tabling to them? That
are people who do not necessarily care. But you know,
with the right amount of knowdging and then they will
(36:00):
begin to a series and why they need to make
certain ship in their own lifestyles and to to ensure
that everyone plays is or our role in this you know,
climate change action, whether it is mitigation or adaptation. But
more importantly, the private sector can also play very critical role.
(36:22):
The private sector complicate to col role in ensuring that
hard location of investment finance goes towards you know, a
project that contribute to both mitigation and adaptation.
Speaker 4 (36:35):
Now, the the the we.
Speaker 3 (36:40):
We must understand that some of the justification for these
allocation of resources may not come in terms of immediate games,
but the longer term perspective is very critical to ensuring
that everyone achieves there. So there's resilience across three levels.
Resilience in terms of the environment, resilience for business, and
(37:01):
resilience for the society. If any of these resilients is missing,
everybody's going to be in a bad ship. And this
is why it's important that both the public sector, the
private sector and the general public society is large come
together to work in concerts to ensure that we can
come back climate change ED.
Speaker 2 (37:20):
Thank you, Thank you so much, mister Bage.
Speaker 1 (37:22):
I think for me, this has been a very educational topic,
especially in the times that we're in. So i'd like
to thank you for taking the time to come and
speak to us today. So I would also like to
thank everybody for joining us on the podcast this episode
of The Nest Radio. To listen to other episodes, please
visit Next Group, Those or Slash podcasts.
Speaker 2 (37:44):
Thank you, thank you againing me so much.
Speaker 3 (37:48):
Thank you so much for having met
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