July 24, 2020 • 16 mins
Miss Irene treats the topic Digestive System on the subject Biology for students in SS2
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Episode Transcript
Available transcripts are automatically generated. Complete accuracy is not guaranteed.
(00:12):
Hello there, welcome to another freshepisode of the podcast for Education exclusively brought
to you by Africa Business Radio.My name is Anaja. I'm taking us
on the subject biology is Miss Irene. Today you should be treating the topic
digestive system and this is for thestudents of SS two. Hello learnards,
(00:36):
Welcome to another fun time of learning. My name is Miss Irene. We
are going to be learning about thedigestive system in biology for SS two Senior
Secondary School too. Let's continue aswe learn now on the adjestive system.
What we are going to be lookingat. We are going to be looking
at the definition of the digestive system. We are going to be looking at
(00:59):
what is digestion and then we aregoing to be looking at explaining what the
elementary cannel is. Also, we'llbe looking at the different types of elementary
track. We'll be talking about thepart of the mammalian elementary canal and then
the human digestive system. Hopefully,if time permits, we might go ahead
(01:19):
and look at the four chambered stomach. So please sit tight, get your
writing material ready as you learn.The very first thing we want to look
at is the definition of the digestivesystem. Now, the digestive system is
a series of connected organ whose purposeis to break down or digest the food
(01:41):
we eat. Food is made upof large complex molecules, which the digestive
system breaks down into smaller simple moleculesthat can be absorbed into the blood stream.
The simple molecules travel through the bloodstreamto all of the body cell which
use the for growth, repair andenergy. All animals have a digestive system.
(02:06):
All animals have a digestive system,a feature that distinguishes them from plants.
Plant produce their own food in aprocess called for subcintences, during which
they use sunlight to convert water andcarbon dioxide into simple sugar. But animal
including human must take in food inthe form of organic matter. Now the
(02:30):
next step. Such as plants andother animal The next step we are moving
on aired to look at are thetypes of alimentary canal, types of elementary
canal, or even the elementary canal. First, the elementary canal is mainly
referred to as the pathway by whichfood enters into our body and moves out
(02:51):
through the enners during digestion. Itis a two like structure which starts from
the mouth and end in the ennus. Elementary canal play a primary role in
the human digestion, and it's alsotermed as a digestive track. Then we
have the different types of elementary canal. We have the complete elementary canal.
(03:13):
In this the mouth and then enusor cloacal aperture are present e g.
From nemoto to coordate that the higherhuman. Then we have the incomplete In
these, only one opening, thatis the mouth, is present, which
is found in flat worms. Nowwe are looking at the different parts or
the organs of the elementary canal.The main organ of the elementary canal are
(03:38):
the mouth or oral cavity. Themouth or oral cavity, the esophagus,
the stomach, the small intestine,and the large interestine. Now what we'll
make this phone is if you canget a picture of the digestive system.
I want you to touch some partsof the just a system that you have,
(04:00):
all the elementary canal that you canremember. Now, touch your mouth,
touch your mouth, part of theelementary canal that we can see.
Touch your mouth. Okay, weare all familiar with our mouth. That's
what takes in our food. Thenfrom the mouth, you know, we
have the path that is found onthe neck. And on the neck we
(04:23):
have from the mouth it goes in. In the mouth you have the teits.
You have the tongue, and atthe base of the tongue you have
the salivary gland. At the baseof the tongue you have the salady gland.
This you cannot see right now.Then from there you have the pharynx.
You have the pharynx, pharynx,all the wind pipe. Then from
(04:46):
right next to the pharynx we havethe esophagus. Right next to the pharynx
we are the esufhagus. The esufhagusis a tube that leads down to what
is known as the lever. Thenfrom the lever you have the tube the
esofa goss leading to an opening knownas the stomach. Now attached to the
stomach, right next to the stomachyou have what are called the pancreas okay,
(05:11):
overlapping the stomach. Then from thestomach runs as a tube as convolated
tube, giving us the large interestineand next to days or attached to days,
is the long, the most extensivetube that is found in our stomach
regional atommy region, which is knownas the small interestine. Now, the
(05:32):
large interestine opened into an aperture calledthe rectum, and the opening the external
part of the rectum or the tipof the rectum, is called the enus.
The tip of the rectum is callednus. We are going to be
learning about all this different parts ofthe digestive system and what they do.
(05:53):
Now we start with the mount.We start with the mouth. Now,
the mount is the opening where wehave the lips, and it's responsible for
the intake of food. It isresponsible for the intake of food that From
here we have the aural cavity orwhat is usually called the book of cavity.
(06:14):
And the aural cavity is made upof three parts, the pallette,
the tongue, and the teats.The aural cavity as three part which is
known as the pallette, the tongue, and the teets. Now, the
pallette forms the roof of the auralcavity. The pallette forms the roof of
the aural cavity, and you havethe anterior part, which is called the
(06:36):
heart pallette, and the posterior part, which is called the soft pallet.
From here we have the tongue,another part of the ara cavity, reaches
the tongue. The tongue is amuscular and glandular structure attached to the base
of the aural cavity. All thiswe find in the mouth. The upper
surface. It has a v furocalled the so cursed terminalis. It's divides
(07:01):
the tongue into the anterior aural partand the posterior paryringeal parts. Now,
the upper surface also consists of tinyprojection called lingual papilia. Now they're made
up of different receptors. That helpsus to identify different tastes. Okay,
they are made up of different receptors. They are made up of sensory receptors.
(07:25):
That helps us to identify different senseof tastes. Then from here another
part of the palette is the tet. We have the tet. Now humans
are diffodent. That mean they havetwo sets of tate. They have the
milk or decidios and then they havethe permanent teits. They have the milk
(07:45):
or decidios and then they have thepermanent tate. Now the different tates have
different function. We have the incisorwhich are used for cutting. We have
the canine which are used for chairing. We have the primals which are used
for chopping, and we have themolars which are used for grinding and chewing.
All these are found in the mouthand the help masticate our food.
(08:09):
They help breakdown our food and chewthem up into semi solid form so that
they can be taken in to theor sulfagus. Now, from here it
leads to the pharynx. It leadsto the firing from the tongue. We
have the pharynx, the tube,the parrying which allow for passage of food
(08:31):
and air, and then the firyingalso leads to the esulfhagus. Now,
the esulfagus is a muscular tube whichsmall bolus of food passes from the mouth
to the stomach. Is the connectorbetween the mouth and the stomach. The
esulfagus is the connector between the mouthand the stomach, and it's sharply bent
(08:54):
at points where it meets the stomach. This is to prevent the back what
movement of food from the stomach out. Now, the alternate contraction and relaxation
of the muzzles of the muzzles oftheir sulfa girls is called peristalisis the alternate
contraction and relaxation of the muzzles ofthe digestive track is called peristalsis. From
(09:20):
here we lead onto the stomach.Now, the stomach is a muscular bag.
The stomach is a muscular bag.And it's from here where you it's
collect broken down food. Okay,it's from here that it's collect broken down
food. And in the stomach wehave what are called the pyloric spincher.
(09:41):
In the stomach we have what iscalled a spiloric spincher which helps in regulating
movement of material between the stomach andthe small intestine. It help regulates movement
between the stomach and the small intensetine. Then, from the the stomach leads
(10:01):
on to the small intestine. Thestomach leads on to the small intestine.
Now, the small intestine is thelongest part of the alimentary canal. The
small intestine is the longest part ofthe alimentary canal and comprises three parts.
We have the duodenum, the dunum, and the ilium. The upper part
(10:26):
of the small intestine is called theduodenum. The upper region of the small
intestine is called the duodenum. Themiddle part is the dunum, and the
posterior part is known as the ilium. The lower part is the ilium.
Now, the ilium leads into thelarge intestine. The ilium leads into the
(10:48):
large intestine. The large intestine isalso made up of three parts. The
large intestine is also made up ofthree parts, which is known as the
calcium, the color, and therectum. Now, the calcium is the
small sac like structure at the pointwhere the small intestine meets the large intestine.
While we have the colon is dividedinto four region where we have the
(11:11):
transverse colon, the sigma colon,and the ascending and descending colon. While
we also have the rectum. Therectum is a posterior part of the small
intestine and it leads into the ennus. Okay, the ennus is the opening
out of the rectum. Here,undigested food materials are expel from the body
(11:35):
through the process known as eggestion.From the annuals undigested food material I expel
from the body through the process knownas eggestion. The other thing that we'll
be learning about today is the fourchambered stomach. We've learned about the digestive
system. We've learned about the alimentarytrack, which is found mostly in higher
(11:58):
organism like the humans, which isfound in igonism like the human, or
which are found in non ruminants,which are found in non ruminant But we
also have what is known as thefour chambered stomach. Now, all the
vertebrates which are the ruminant or whatare called the artio dactylia, including your
(12:20):
cattle, your deer, and allthe different the goads, the sheep,
all these have the stomach, andthey are generally called ruminants. And this
is because they are unable to digestplant material directly. They are unable to
digest plant material directly because they lackthe enzymes to break down cellulus. They
(12:41):
lack the enzyme to break down cellulusdigestion in ruminant or court sequentially in a
four chambered stomach. Digestion in ruminantor court sequentially. In a four chambered
stomach, plant material is first initiallytaken into the first chamber, which is
called the room, and where itis processed mechanically and exposed to bacteria that
(13:07):
can break down cellulus. Now thisis known as forgot fermentation. From here,
the recticulum, which is the secondchamber, allowed the animal to regurgitate
and reprocess particulate matter. Now,sometimes some of you have seen animal just
chewing after they've eaten, like yourcattle, like your goat. You're seeing
(13:31):
them sit down after some time relaxing. You find that that they are chewing
and they are chewing on what iscalled the card. This process is known
as chewing the card. And whatthey do here is that the further reprocessed
the food that has been taken fromthe reticulum, the more finely divided food
(13:52):
is passed on to the armosum.The broken down food is passed down to
the armosum for further mechanical cesson.Okay, for further mechanical processing. Now,
this mass is finally passed to thetrue stomach. It's finally passed to
the true stomach, which is calledthe abomasum, where the ingestive enzyme live
(14:13):
zone breaks down the bacteria and alsorelease nutrient for the use of the animal.
Okay, it further breaks it downfor the use of the animal.
This is the process that are causedin the different section in the different four
stomach of the ruminants and in thedifferent chamber you have. The food is
(14:33):
taken in and then enters into firstthe rouman. From there it moves on
to the reticulum. From there itmoves onto the ormosum, and from there
it moves onto the abomasum where itis broken down and the nutrient contained and
the food is now further absorbed bythe animal. All these that have mentioned
(14:56):
describes the different organ of the digestivesystem that is found in higher animal.
Okay, all this describes the digestivesystem that is found in higher animal.
And today we've been able to learnabout what the digestive system is made up
of. We have been able toidentify the different types of the elementary tracts
(15:22):
and we've also been able to identifythe different parts of the elementary canal and
identify the different organs that make upthe human digestive system that all will be
learning about today until we meet againfor another exciting time of learning. To
have a wonderful time by thank youfor listening to this episode of the Podcast
(15:54):
for Education. Remember it is exclusivelybrought to you by Africa Business Radio.
You can listen to this particular episodeor any episode of the Podcast for Education
on our podcast channel. Loog onto our website wu wu Wu dot Africa
Business Rideo to do so, Iam honorger, saying do not stop learning.
Hello there, welcome to another freshepisode of the podcast for Education exclusively brought
to you by Africa Business Radio.My name is Anaja. I'm taking us
on the subject biology is Miss Irene. Today you should be treating the topic
digestive system and this is for thestudents of SS two. Hello learnards,
(00:36):
Welcome to another fun time of learning. My name is Miss Irene. We
are going to be learning about thedigestive system in biology for SS two Senior
Secondary School too. Let's continue aswe learn now on the adjestive system.
What we are going to be lookingat. We are going to be looking
at the definition of the digestive system. We are going to be looking at
(00:59):
what is digestion and then we aregoing to be looking at explaining what the
elementary cannel is. Also, we'llbe looking at the different types of elementary
track. We'll be talking about thepart of the mammalian elementary canal and then
the human digestive system. Hopefully,if time permits, we might go ahead
(01:19):
and look at the four chambered stomach. So please sit tight, get your
writing material ready as you learn.The very first thing we want to look
at is the definition of the digestivesystem. Now, the digestive system is
a series of connected organ whose purposeis to break down or digest the food
(01:41):
we eat. Food is made upof large complex molecules, which the digestive
system breaks down into smaller simple moleculesthat can be absorbed into the blood stream.
The simple molecules travel through the bloodstreamto all of the body cell which
use the for growth, repair andenergy. All animals have a digestive system.
(02:06):
All animals have a digestive system,a feature that distinguishes them from plants.
Plant produce their own food in aprocess called for subcintences, during which
they use sunlight to convert water andcarbon dioxide into simple sugar. But animal
including human must take in food inthe form of organic matter. Now the
(02:30):
next step. Such as plants andother animal The next step we are moving
on aired to look at are thetypes of alimentary canal, types of elementary
canal, or even the elementary canal. First, the elementary canal is mainly
referred to as the pathway by whichfood enters into our body and moves out
(02:51):
through the enners during digestion. Itis a two like structure which starts from
the mouth and end in the ennus. Elementary canal play a primary role in
the human digestion, and it's alsotermed as a digestive track. Then we
have the different types of elementary canal. We have the complete elementary canal.
(03:13):
In this the mouth and then enusor cloacal aperture are present e g.
From nemoto to coordate that the higherhuman. Then we have the incomplete In
these, only one opening, thatis the mouth, is present, which
is found in flat worms. Nowwe are looking at the different parts or
the organs of the elementary canal.The main organ of the elementary canal are
(03:38):
the mouth or oral cavity. Themouth or oral cavity, the esophagus,
the stomach, the small intestine,and the large interestine. Now what we'll
make this phone is if you canget a picture of the digestive system.
I want you to touch some partsof the just a system that you have,
(04:00):
all the elementary canal that you canremember. Now, touch your mouth,
touch your mouth, part of theelementary canal that we can see.
Touch your mouth. Okay, weare all familiar with our mouth. That's
what takes in our food. Thenfrom the mouth, you know, we
have the path that is found onthe neck. And on the neck we
(04:23):
have from the mouth it goes in. In the mouth you have the teits.
You have the tongue, and atthe base of the tongue you have
the salivary gland. At the baseof the tongue you have the salady gland.
This you cannot see right now.Then from there you have the pharynx.
You have the pharynx, pharynx,all the wind pipe. Then from
(04:46):
right next to the pharynx we havethe esophagus. Right next to the pharynx
we are the esufhagus. The esufhagusis a tube that leads down to what
is known as the lever. Thenfrom the lever you have the tube the
esofa goss leading to an opening knownas the stomach. Now attached to the
stomach, right next to the stomachyou have what are called the pancreas okay,
(05:11):
overlapping the stomach. Then from thestomach runs as a tube as convolated
tube, giving us the large interestineand next to days or attached to days,
is the long, the most extensivetube that is found in our stomach
regional atommy region, which is knownas the small interestine. Now, the
(05:32):
large interestine opened into an aperture calledthe rectum, and the opening the external
part of the rectum or the tipof the rectum, is called the enus.
The tip of the rectum is callednus. We are going to be
learning about all this different parts ofthe digestive system and what they do.
(05:53):
Now we start with the mount.We start with the mouth. Now,
the mount is the opening where wehave the lips, and it's responsible for
the intake of food. It isresponsible for the intake of food that From
here we have the aural cavity orwhat is usually called the book of cavity.
(06:14):
And the aural cavity is made upof three parts, the pallette,
the tongue, and the teats.The aural cavity as three part which is
known as the pallette, the tongue, and the teets. Now, the
pallette forms the roof of the auralcavity. The pallette forms the roof of
the aural cavity, and you havethe anterior part, which is called the
(06:36):
heart pallette, and the posterior part, which is called the soft pallet.
From here we have the tongue,another part of the ara cavity, reaches
the tongue. The tongue is amuscular and glandular structure attached to the base
of the aural cavity. All thiswe find in the mouth. The upper
surface. It has a v furocalled the so cursed terminalis. It's divides
(07:01):
the tongue into the anterior aural partand the posterior paryringeal parts. Now,
the upper surface also consists of tinyprojection called lingual papilia. Now they're made
up of different receptors. That helpsus to identify different tastes. Okay,
they are made up of different receptors. They are made up of sensory receptors.
(07:25):
That helps us to identify different senseof tastes. Then from here another
part of the palette is the tet. We have the tet. Now humans
are diffodent. That mean they havetwo sets of tate. They have the
milk or decidios and then they havethe permanent teits. They have the milk
(07:45):
or decidios and then they have thepermanent tate. Now the different tates have
different function. We have the incisorwhich are used for cutting. We have
the canine which are used for chairing. We have the primals which are used
for chopping, and we have themolars which are used for grinding and chewing.
All these are found in the mouthand the help masticate our food.
(08:09):
They help breakdown our food and chewthem up into semi solid form so that
they can be taken in to theor sulfagus. Now, from here it
leads to the pharynx. It leadsto the firing from the tongue. We
have the pharynx, the tube,the parrying which allow for passage of food
(08:31):
and air, and then the firyingalso leads to the esulfhagus. Now,
the esulfagus is a muscular tube whichsmall bolus of food passes from the mouth
to the stomach. Is the connectorbetween the mouth and the stomach. The
esulfagus is the connector between the mouthand the stomach, and it's sharply bent
(08:54):
at points where it meets the stomach. This is to prevent the back what
movement of food from the stomach out. Now, the alternate contraction and relaxation
of the muzzles of the muzzles oftheir sulfa girls is called peristalisis the alternate
contraction and relaxation of the muzzles ofthe digestive track is called peristalsis. From
(09:20):
here we lead onto the stomach.Now, the stomach is a muscular bag.
The stomach is a muscular bag.And it's from here where you it's
collect broken down food. Okay,it's from here that it's collect broken down
food. And in the stomach wehave what are called the pyloric spincher.
(09:41):
In the stomach we have what iscalled a spiloric spincher which helps in regulating
movement of material between the stomach andthe small intestine. It help regulates movement
between the stomach and the small intensetine. Then, from the the stomach leads
(10:01):
on to the small intestine. Thestomach leads on to the small intestine.
Now, the small intestine is thelongest part of the alimentary canal. The
small intestine is the longest part ofthe alimentary canal and comprises three parts.
We have the duodenum, the dunum, and the ilium. The upper part
(10:26):
of the small intestine is called theduodenum. The upper region of the small
intestine is called the duodenum. Themiddle part is the dunum, and the
posterior part is known as the ilium. The lower part is the ilium.
Now, the ilium leads into thelarge intestine. The ilium leads into the
(10:48):
large intestine. The large intestine isalso made up of three parts. The
large intestine is also made up ofthree parts, which is known as the
calcium, the color, and therectum. Now, the calcium is the
small sac like structure at the pointwhere the small intestine meets the large intestine.
While we have the colon is dividedinto four region where we have the
(11:11):
transverse colon, the sigma colon,and the ascending and descending colon. While
we also have the rectum. Therectum is a posterior part of the small
intestine and it leads into the ennus. Okay, the ennus is the opening
out of the rectum. Here,undigested food materials are expel from the body
(11:35):
through the process known as eggestion.From the annuals undigested food material I expel
from the body through the process knownas eggestion. The other thing that we'll
be learning about today is the fourchambered stomach. We've learned about the digestive
system. We've learned about the alimentarytrack, which is found mostly in higher
(11:58):
organism like the humans, which isfound in igonism like the human, or
which are found in non ruminants,which are found in non ruminant But we
also have what is known as thefour chambered stomach. Now, all the
vertebrates which are the ruminant or whatare called the artio dactylia, including your
(12:20):
cattle, your deer, and allthe different the goads, the sheep,
all these have the stomach, andthey are generally called ruminants. And this
is because they are unable to digestplant material directly. They are unable to
digest plant material directly because they lackthe enzymes to break down cellulus. They
(12:41):
lack the enzyme to break down cellulusdigestion in ruminant or court sequentially in a
four chambered stomach. Digestion in ruminantor court sequentially. In a four chambered
stomach, plant material is first initiallytaken into the first chamber, which is
called the room, and where itis processed mechanically and exposed to bacteria that
(13:07):
can break down cellulus. Now thisis known as forgot fermentation. From here,
the recticulum, which is the secondchamber, allowed the animal to regurgitate
and reprocess particulate matter. Now,sometimes some of you have seen animal just
chewing after they've eaten, like yourcattle, like your goat. You're seeing
(13:31):
them sit down after some time relaxing. You find that that they are chewing
and they are chewing on what iscalled the card. This process is known
as chewing the card. And whatthey do here is that the further reprocessed
the food that has been taken fromthe reticulum, the more finely divided food
(13:52):
is passed on to the armosum.The broken down food is passed down to
the armosum for further mechanical cesson.Okay, for further mechanical processing. Now,
this mass is finally passed to thetrue stomach. It's finally passed to
the true stomach, which is calledthe abomasum, where the ingestive enzyme live
(14:13):
zone breaks down the bacteria and alsorelease nutrient for the use of the animal.
Okay, it further breaks it downfor the use of the animal.
This is the process that are causedin the different section in the different four
stomach of the ruminants and in thedifferent chamber you have. The food is
(14:33):
taken in and then enters into firstthe rouman. From there it moves on
to the reticulum. From there itmoves onto the ormosum, and from there
it moves onto the abomasum where itis broken down and the nutrient contained and
the food is now further absorbed bythe animal. All these that have mentioned
(14:56):
describes the different organ of the digestivesystem that is found in higher animal.
Okay, all this describes the digestivesystem that is found in higher animal.
And today we've been able to learnabout what the digestive system is made up
of. We have been able toidentify the different types of the elementary tracts
(15:22):
and we've also been able to identifythe different parts of the elementary canal and
identify the different organs that make upthe human digestive system that all will be
learning about today until we meet againfor another exciting time of learning. To
have a wonderful time by thank youfor listening to this episode of the Podcast
(15:54):
for Education. Remember it is exclusivelybrought to you by Africa Business Radio.
You can listen to this particular episodeor any episode of the Podcast for Education
on our podcast channel. Loog onto our website wu wu Wu dot Africa
Business Rideo to do so, Iam honorger, saying do not stop learning.
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