ENGLISH JSS 3 - Reported Speech

On this episode, Miss Jaja teaches the subject English on the topic, Reported Speech, for the students in JSS3

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Episode Transcript

(00:06):
Welcome to another exclusive edition of thepodcast for education here on Africa Business Radio.
Taking us on the subject English todayis Miss Jadger and she'll be treating
the topic reported speech. And thisis for the student in JSS three.

(00:28):
All right, welcome to class today, wonderful time for learning. My name
is Miss Jadger. I'll be yourEnglish language teacher for today. I'll be
teaching People's injury US three see tightand learn. Today we'll be talking about
reported speech. A reported speech isan indirect speech also known as reported speech,

(00:49):
when you say something and then youhave to report it. In the
red narration or in the red reportingis somebody says something and then you quote
the first in verbi two your reportingworld, the person has said so,
and the reported speech can be convertedto indirect speech in the process of converting
or coding a person with the settingrules that you must obey or a head

(01:15):
too, so that we know you'rereporting and then you're not saying it directly
as your own words. So firstand from us, the things to consider
when converting a direct speech to anindirect speech, or the sentence should have
a subject and an object. Youconsider the sentence it should have a subject

(01:38):
and object or what you can callthe verb verbing the action that is taking
place. I'll give us an example. John pat dog. John pats dogs.
Now, John, there is asubject. Part is when you take
your pam and on the back ofthe dog. So John pats dog.

(02:02):
So John, there is a subject. And then we have an action and
then the object with the dog receivingthe action. So before you can convert
a speech from a direct one anindirect one, you must consider if it
has a subject and a verb.Another thing to consider before converting a speech

(02:24):
is if it's referring to somebody,so which means the most person. Sometimes
we have first person or second person, and sometimes we have up to three
persons, so we see first person, second person, and the third person.
Another thing to look at is whatwe call the tenses. You check

(02:46):
if the sentence has tenses, andthe tenses in present, in past,
or in the future tense. Sothese are the steps to converting or to
changing direct speech into indirect speech.Explain, there's six of them, so
I'm gonna be calling them out.And as I called them out, I

(03:07):
think you'll be nice for you totake out your pen and pencil and write.
Remember I keep telling you you mustalways write. If you write,
then you remember because you are participating. So the first thing to do is
I identify. You must identify thesubject and the object in the sentence.

(03:27):
The second thing you need to identifyis the reporting verb, no reporting verb.
If that statement is said to somebody. Let's say a sentence I tell
you she's pretty, or you sayI tell you she's beautiful, that's a
reported speech. Either is a personsaying the statement. He's saying it to

(03:50):
you, to somebody that is ayou, and then it's talking about a
third person, she I tell youshe's beauty beautiful. So we have three
persons in that statement. So Iis the first person, You the second
person, and she is the thirdperson. So the first thing you identifying
is either subject or an object.The next thing you identifying there's a reporting

(04:15):
verb. The thought thing you identifyingif it has three persons, sometimes it
can have two. But if theyare persons in the sentence, you need
to identify them. And also youidentify the tenses. So what it is
the present tense, in past tenseon the future tense. Now the second
rule, Remember I said they aresix, So the first one is to
identify. You know the things you'regoing to be identifying. Now let's see

(04:38):
the second rule. The second rulessay you change the reporting verb. Every
reporting verb in the direct sentence willbe changed. Now, how do you
change or what does the rule guidingchanging reporting verb from instant the person said
said too, you change it totodd. If the sentences said believe it

(05:00):
has said, but the sentence sayssay two, you change it to tell.
But the sentence says says two,you change it to tells. I'll
take that again to that And incase you miss to the first time,
you don't miss it the second time. Changing of reporting verb, you change
the reporting verb. If it goesdoes said two, it's changed to toad

(05:23):
said remains as said say two yousaid change to tell and says you change
to tells. As we go on, I'll give examples and then we'll get
better understandable. Just keep taking notes. And then the toad rule or the
third type, is you replace thequotation marks, the quotational marks with that.

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Remember a reporting speech is you're reportingwhat somebody else said and what a
person said. We always put inquotational mark. But because you're changing from
a direct speech to an indirect speech, the quotation mark will leave, and
then instead of quotation mark, you'regonna put that. And then the fourth
rule says you change the pro Now, remember a pronoun is used in place

(06:11):
over now, so every pronoun inthat sentence is changed. You change the
first person as a subject, thesecond person will be the object, and
the third person do not change becauseobviously, most of the time in written
a reporting speege, you're talking abouta tod person who is not dead.
So you could just leave the personas If the person is represented with the

(06:32):
name, you leave it with aname. If it's represented with a pronoun,
and leave it like that. Sofor changing pro now you look at
three factors. You look at thesubject, the object, and the new
change. So that will say theacronym for that is so. Now let's
see the fifth step. You're changingthe tenses. You're changing the tenses reported

(06:55):
speech. That when it's a universaltruth, we don't change it. Remember
your universal truth. One universal truthwe have is the sun rises in the
east. It's a universal truth.If you have that in a speech,
you don't change it to leave itlike that. Okay, Now let's see
what we change in our tenses.We change present tense this way. If

(07:17):
it's a simple present, you changeit to simple pass. If the statement
is in present continuous, you changeit to pass continuous. But if the
sentence or the statement is in presentperfect, you change it to pass perfect.
If it's in present perfect continuous,it is changed to pass perfect continuous,

(07:39):
not to fright, not to worry, or give you examples. We
look at some examples and get betterunderstanding, and we're good. I'm sure
we're good and following fantastic. Nowthat is how you change your present.
Now, let's see how we changeour past. If the statement isn't a
simple pass, you change it topass perfect. If it's in past continuous,
to change to past perfect continuous.But if the statement is a past

(08:05):
perfect or past perfect continuous, youdon't change it to just live it like
that. Now. If the statementis in the future tense, you have
to change, which means, ifthe center has the world will or should,
those two will change to world andshould. If the statement has can

(08:26):
and may, you change those twocold and might. And then the final
rule, the sixth rule, youchange the word denoting time, which means
in that statement anything denoting time,whether in the future, whether today,
whether I hear, whether now,whether tomorrow. All of this means now

(08:48):
you change them. Now. Let'ssee you will specifically are changing them to
specific words, and they're specific denotingtime words that will change. If the
statement is here, you change itto there. If it says tomorrow,
you change it to the next day. If it says today, you change
it to that day. If thestatement says yesterday, you change it to

(09:11):
the previous day. And if itsays this, you change to that.
If it says now, you changeit to then, And if it says
tonight, you change it to thatnight. All right, so let's see
some example so we get better understandingof what I have been talking about.
Now, the first sentence we're goingto be looking at and breaking into paces

(09:33):
will be she said to me,I am playing football with you now.
She said to me, I amplaying football with you now. Now I
am playing football with you now isin quotational marks. So now let's say
it again and then picture in yourhead that I have sentence that it's a

(09:54):
quotation mark, and I have afirst sentence. She said to me,
I am playing football with you nownow let's to change it. We have
six steps, and what's the firststep? You identify? What are we
identifying? Does the sentence have asubject, an object or person? So
let's see, she said she thereis the subject, the person talking.

(10:16):
She said to me, who isthe object? The second person is the
object. She said to me,Now the first person in this sentence will
be I. So she said,now there's a reporting verb there. What
the reporting verb is said to?And remember the rule when you have said

(10:39):
to, you changed to told,so she said to me, will now
be She told me, I'm sureare you noting that down? She told
me, what am I changing?I'm changing said to to told. And
then I leave my object and mysubject. Now the next thing will check.

(11:01):
Now is the other part of thesentence, which is in the quotation
mark. And remember I've said that. Will replace the quotation mark with that.
So the start of the sentence willnow be She said to me that
now we have a first person.Day I am playing football with you.
Now we have a first person anda second person. I either been the

(11:24):
first person and you being the secondperson. But those two are taking in
the form of pronouns, but theyare person. So very correct. So
now let's see. Remember I say, we're going to change pronouns. The
pronom there I is gonna change.She said to me that because it's the
same person, still talking, sameperson. You change the eye to she

(11:48):
and then you change to you withthe second person to me. So are
you taking note of all the changes? I'm sure you are. Now let's
see the tens is. What arewe changing? She said, I am,
so AM will change two words.Am will change two words. So

(12:09):
instead of saying I am, yousay she was all right, Now let's
go on. What else are wechanging? We're changing the time word?
What was the time word there?She said to me, I am playing
football with you. Now now isthe time word. And remember when I
was reading out the time words wecan change. We changed now to then,

(12:33):
so a new sentence will be Shetold me that she was playing football
with me then. Because it's areported speech, now, you said,
but now it's not a direct it'san indirect reported speech you're quoting. But
you've done some changes. I hopewe're getting this. Now, let's see
the steps again before we go tothe next one. First thing, what

(12:56):
do you do you identified, beautiful? What are we're identifying. We identifying
the subject, the object, andthe persons in the sentence. The next
thing we're identifying is the reporting verb. What form is the reporting verbs?
Taking? The next thing we dowill replace the quotation marks with that,

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and then what are the things thatwe do with? What other step do
we take? Which change the pronoun, which change the ten things, and
we change the time world, beautiful, Let's see another sentence, so we
keep getting better understanding, it saysto me, I am running. It
says to me, Comma, Iam running. I am running in quotation

(13:43):
mark. So now we're gonna changethe sentence, which is a direct sentence
or an indirect sentence? First andformost what do we do we identify?
Beautiful, what are we identifying?We're dentifying the subject and the object and
the persons, whether there's a personsecond or the third person. But let's
say, the sentence is quite shure. So I don't think we have so

(14:05):
much to do. She said tome, I am running. It says
to me, I am running.He is the subject, me is the
object, says two says two changesto tells says two changes to tells.
And then there's the first person inthat sentence in the quotational mark, which

(14:26):
says I am running. That's thefirst person. Remember, we're changing the
quotation mark too that so the beginningsentence will be it tells me that taking
it with it quotational mark. Andthen we're changing now from the eye.
The eye there because he is abeginning sentence is a boy, so we

(14:46):
say it says to me, orit tells me that he. The eye
changes to he and then the tensthere is am, So I'm will change
two words. And then the thirdthing we're changing a word for time.
Is there a word for time?There there's no word for time. I
am running. It's just I amrunning. There's no time. There's no
specific time is running. So thenew sentence will be it tells me that

(15:11):
he was running. So this ishow to change direct sentences into in direct
sentences. Before I let you offthe class, let's review or look at
some important facts about reported speech.When we tell someone what another person said,
we use reported speech. For this. We can use direct speech or

(15:33):
indirect speech. For example, thereported statement we can use either say or
tell. This meaning is the same, but the grammar is words different.
Let's see one or two examples.He said that he was living in Paris.
He said that he was living inParis. You see that is there

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which, missus obvious is a reportedspeech convercted. She said he had taken
Spanish lessons before. She said shehad taken Spanish lessons before. We can
see all of these and understand whatreported speech is. Okay, let's see
the step again. Let's remind ourselvesof the step to take when converting direct

(16:22):
speech to indirect speech. The firstthing you will do is what identify?
What are we identifying when in defyingthe subject, the object and also words
the persons. Now, after identifyingthat, what else do we identify or
what e's do we look at for? We look at for the reporting verb
beautiful. Then we also renew whatwill replace the quotation mark with the word

(16:48):
that, and then we'll change thepronoun, We change the ten cents,
and then will change the time world. Okay, it's been such an amazing
journey so far. I hope you'velearned how to change or convert your direct
speech to in direct speeches. Thankyou for listening until next time, keep
having a great day. Thank youfor listening to this episode. Of the

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