January 7, 2025 • 49 mins
In this episode, we will be exploring an interesting Chinese herb gōu téng, Uncariae Ramulus cum Uncis, or uncaria. This herb is a relatively commonly used herb in the Chinese medical category of substances that extinguish wind and stop tremors and can be used in a wide variety of conditions including spasms and convulsions, headache, irritability, and even hypertension. And as usual, we will be exploring something a little different…we are going to continue our discussion about macrominerals by looking at sodium, chloride, and magnesium. Each episode of the podcast will go into great depth about a single herb or formula. Besides covering the basics of herbology including category, and functions, we will explore the history, quality, science, pharmacology, evidence, and any potential interactions of each herb or formula. Please stay tuned for this intriguing episode, as we explore gōu téng, Uncariae Ramulus cum Uncis, or uncaria!
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Speaker 1 (00:03):
That Angelica sperb. Welcome everybody to episode seventy five. Three
quarters of a century of sperbs. Herbs seems that way,
but it doesn't. So this is a big This is
a milestone Episode seventy five. Today we're gonna be talking
(00:23):
about a very interesting herb called go tang Go tang
on carria Rmulus cam unsis or on carrier a gambier.
This is. You know, one of the colloquial names I
heard was fish hook, and it doesn't looks like a
fish hook. Just a great herb, very commonly used. Well,
I don't know about very commonly used. I would definitely
(00:44):
say commonly used. I don't know about very commonly used.
Let's get into it. Today we will be exploring this
interesting Chinese herb, Go teg. This herb is a relatively
commonly used herb in the Chinese medical category of substances
that extinguish wind and stop tremors, and can be used
in a wide variety of conditions, including spasms and convulsions, headache, irritability.
(01:06):
And it says here I have written any even high pertension.
It's not even hyghertension. That's a common use of this
This is probably one of the first one or two
herbs you think about when treating hypertension. Very common use
for hypertension, and as usual, we will be exploring something
a little different. We are going to continue our discussion
about macromnerals by looking at sodium chloride and magnesium. Please
(01:31):
stay tuned for this intriguing episode. And I've asked this
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(03:16):
www dot sperbserbs dot com. So in our last episode
we looked at calcium, the most common mineral in the body.
This was based on my new webinar series called integrave Nutrition,
where I explore the biochemistry, Chinese medical approach, and supplements
available of various topics of nutrition. Today, we're going to
(03:39):
explore three more super important macrominerals, sodium, chloride and magnesium.
We're going to talk about their biochemistry, Chinese medical properties,
and their supplementation. So we're to start off with sodium
en chloride, which are discussed together because they are used
in similar processes and the primary dietary sources this table
(04:00):
salter and acl. They are used to maintain water balance
asmodic equilibrium. This means pressure, especially in the blood vessels,
acid base balance in creating the electrical gradients across cell
membranes necessary for nerve conduction and muscle function. They are
both primarily extracellular electrolytes. In other words, they exist outside
(04:23):
of the cells. Sodium rane plus can be used for
transportation such as intestinal renal absorption and reabsorption of glucose, galactose,
and amino acids by sodium linked transporters. Chloride is also
combined with hydrogen to form hydrochloric acid in the stomach.
(04:44):
Sodium intake can increase blood pressure from stimulation of brain
thirst centers and secretion of antidiuretic hormone, causing retention of water.
Both hyper and hypo noatremia or too much or too
little sodium can cause brain damage. Neither sodium or chloride
have an RDA recommended daily allowance, so that's interesting. None
(05:07):
of these you need to worry about an RDA, you
get plenty. The adequate intake for chloride is eighteen hundred
to twenty three hundred milligrams and is fifteen hundred milligrams
for sodium in adults. Now, just to give you an
idea most of us you know, it says fifteen hundred
milligrams are adequate intake. So the difference between RDA and
adequate intake. And RDA has lots of science behind it,
(05:29):
adequate intake has not quite as much science behind it.
It's still enough to create an adequate intake and it
usually is a range. Well. RDA is a little bit
more specific and has more more science behind it, but
adequate intake is still pretty good. So says fifteen hundred
milligrams of sodium and adults. Most adults, especially if they're
eating any processed foods whatsoever, are probably over five grams.
(05:52):
You know, three times what is adequate intake? Not healthy
long term? So what do sodium chloride do? According to
Chinese medicine Flaws in his Bob Flaws in his book
The diw of Healthy Eating says sodium says sodium supplements
the liver and kidneys and secures the essence, softens hardness,
(06:14):
and scatters nodulation. And he does not have an entry
for chloride. Pitchford has a lot to say about salt.
It has a dual nature, and it oscillates between its aspects.
In the human body, it gen nature represents the earth,
and thus salt can be used to bring a person
down to Earth or to give food an earthy, more
(06:35):
substantial quality. It strengthens digestion and contributes to the secretion
of hydrochloric acid in the stomach, an earth element organ
So just right there, secretion of hydrochloric acid. It's already
implying that he's talking about sodium chloride because they often
go together. In the outer dimension. Salt enables when to
focus more clearly on the material realm excess salt in
(06:59):
factors thought in Chinese folklore to encourage greed. At first,
salt is cooling. It directs the energy of a person
inward and lower the appropriate directions in cooler weather. Consistent
with its yind quality, salt also stimulates the kidneys, which
then promote fluid metabolism and a moistening effect beneficial to
(07:20):
dryness in the body. This tonic action on the kidney
fluids is especially helpful in the winter, when dryness from
the heat producing activity of the body is at its
height and fluids are needed for balance. At the same time,
the purifying properties of salt detoxify poisons. Thus the little
salt can help counteract poisoning from poor quality foods and
(07:43):
unhealthy food combinations. When the blood is impure indicated by
sentiments such as skin eruptions, salt can be used externally,
since its extended internal use for purification is thought to
injure the blood, making the complexion lustreless and the muscle's
Another paradoxical aspect of salt is its ability to soften
(08:04):
sumin aias the body and tighten others. For instance, salt
softens hardened hardened lymph nodes, clans, and muscles. It also
promotes bowel action. Abdominal obstructions and swellings can be softened
or dissolved by salt, according to digit to traditional Chinese instructions,
Yet salt may create pressure in other areas, such as
(08:27):
the arteries. Because salt has an affinity for water, a
large percentage of sodium settles in the vascular fluids of
the body. As this sodium attracts more fluids, the pressure
in the vascular system can rise. Is one reason salt
is contraindicated in cases of high blood pressure. Since most
(08:47):
instances of high blood pressure not only involve arterial problems,
but are also closely related to excesses of the liver,
very small amounts of whole salt, ideally in the form
of seaweeds, can help detoxify the liver once poor quality
and fatty foods are eliminated from the diet and the
blood pressure is out of the danger zone. From the
viewpoint of Chinese medicine, salt benefits the kidneys, but its
(09:11):
overuse damages them, leading to emaciation, weakened bones and blood,
and deficiencies of the heart and spirit. And as we've
been talking about selements neither sodium or chloride or used
to someone. There used to be salt pills, if you
remember back in the day, and the thought was if
you're out, they would give them to troops when they're
(09:31):
out in a very humid weather and working. They thought
salt was was given out, so there wasn't, so they
were given salt pills. Those are no longer valid. You know.
The equivalent these days would be gatorade, which has quite
a bit of sodium in it, so you know, those
would be electrolytes in that case, though generally we don't
have to worry about sulementation of sodium or chloride on
(09:55):
any long term basis. Let's talk a little bit about
magnesium mg. One percent of bone mass is made up
of magnesium. That doesn't sound like a lot, but that
actually means there's quite a bit of it in the body,
especially since sixty percent of magnesium in the body is
in the bone, so that's quite a bit. Bones make
up a lot of our weight. Is important in an
(10:16):
enzymatic reaction. It is important in enzymatic reactions in the body,
including kinase phosphorylation and DNA and RNA polymerases. The adult
RDA recommended daily allowance is three hundred and ten to
four hundred and twenty milligrams, and the average intake in
the US is below the recommended level. The upper limit
(10:38):
for supplementation is three hundred and fifty milligrams. So this
is interesting here. Now I just said the adult RDA
is three hundred and ten to four hundred and twenty milligrams,
but the upper limit is three hundred and fifty milligrams.
Something is a little bit fishy there. Not. We need
more than we should supplement and the reason why it's
that way is we should beginning it mostly from our foods,
(10:58):
and it's when we supplement we should be having a
maximum supplementation three hundred and fifty milligrams from outside sources,
as opposed to Guinea it from our foods. Hypomagnesium, which
is too little magnesium in the blood, which can result
from decreased absorption or increased excretion, can cause hyper excitability
(11:21):
of neurons and skeletal muscles, and cardiac arrhythmias, none of
which are good. Hyper Magnesia or too much magnesium in
the blood can cause hypotension. So too little blood, too
little blood pressure. According to Chinese medicine magnesium, and this
(11:43):
is from Bob Flaus's book. Again, magnesium a stringes in
and suppresses young, quiets the spirit, absorbs acid, and stops pain.
Paul Pritsford says magnesium provides the body with a smooth,
flowing nature and therefore is useful for any diseases where
there are stag stagnancies or erratic changes. According to the
(12:07):
Chinese healing arts, stagnation accompanied by erratic changes in the body, emotions,
or mind represents liveral gallbladder imbalance. Thus, magnesium foods usually
help nurture one's liver and health in numerous ways. The
applications of dietary magnesium nearly all parallel liver gallbladder pathology.
(12:28):
In the view of ancient Chinese medicine. We do use
magnesium sublements, and they come in a variety of formulations,
including magnesium citrate, magnesium oxide, magnesium chloride, magnesium gluconate, magnesium orientate,
and other forms. Approximately forty eight percent of the US
population does not get enough magnesium in their diet, especially
(12:51):
men and women over seventy one and adolescens aged fourteen
to eighteen. Several conditions can deplete magnesium, including alcohol abuse,
gastrointestinal disorders, and diabetes. Several drugs may also decrease levels
of magnesium, including some chemotherapy agents, diuretics, and proton pump inhibitors.
(13:16):
Uses magnesium may decrease hypotension, help heart health, gout, tinitis,
dementia and cognition, Parkinson's disease, diabetes type two and metabolic syndrome, depression, anxiety,
osteo and rheumatoid arthritis, insomnia, migraines, premenstrual syndrome, restless leg syndrome,
(13:39):
and leg cramps. And we often, you know, whenever someone
says they have leg cramps or sometimes wrestless like centrome,
but lake cramps, they often will say to me, it's like, oh,
I've tried magnesium and it doesn't work. So very commonly
well known use for leg cramps, though I don't think
it's the only thing. I think, in my experience, mostly
(14:00):
cramps have nothing to do with magnesium. Some do. It's
definitely useful, but not all of them. Moss I don't think,
are magnesium. So what does the science say? Hypermagnesia can
cause hypertension, and there is some mixed evidence showing that
supplementation may help hypertension. The FDA has approved a qualified
(14:21):
health claim for this the f Day of the Federal
Drug Administration here in the US, and here's the qualified
health claim for this. Consuming diets with adequate magnesium may
reduce the risk of high blood pressure hypertension. However, the
FDA has concluded that the evidence is inconsistent and inconclusive,
so that's quite qualified. If the asme why, hypomagnesium has
(14:44):
been shown to increase coronary heart disease in sudden cardiac death,
there's no current research on supplementation will reduce this risk.
Gout has a similar story. Those with hypermagnesia are more
likely to have higher levels of uric acid and risk
of gout, but supplementation has not been studied. Two small
studies AN equals nineteen and N equals twenty nine, neither
(15:07):
of these are statistically valid, have shown magnesium can reduce tenitis.
There is decent evidence that magnesium supplementation can help dementia
and prevent both dementia and minor cognitive impairment. And all
of this kind of puts me in the realm of
we should make sure we get enough and have a
little bit of supplementation, but not too much. Continuing with science,
(15:33):
there are several conditions like gout that show correlation with hypomagnesia,
but supplementation has not been shown to help, usually from
a lack of studies. These include Parkinson's disease, stroke depression,
arterial arterial calcification, osteoarthritis, and rheumatoid arthritis. There's some evidence
that supplementing magnesium can help prevent diabetes type two, but
(15:56):
does not help improve patients who are treating their diabetes.
Also seems to help insulin insensitivity and metabolic syndrome. There
is no association between magnesium levels and anxiety. There's some
evidence supplementation of magnesium may increase bone mineral density in
seventy to seventy nine year olds and reduce the risk
(16:16):
of bone fracture in older adults. Will supplementation may help
insomniacs with low serum levels fall asleep faster, they do
not benefit. It does not benefit the quality or length
of sleep. There is very little evidence that very little
(16:36):
evidence magnesium supplementation helps restless leg syndrome or leg cramps.
Like I said, I haven't really seen it work, and
there is some evidence showing benefit of supplementation for helping migraine,
headaches and PMS premastrul syndrome. Other considerations, Magnesium chloride, glycero phosphate,
and glycinate also called glycinate or diglossinate do not cause
(17:01):
laxative effect, while magnesium citrate, aspartate, gluconate, and lactate may
cause laxative effects at high doses. A neat magnesium hydroxide, carbonate, sulfate,
and oxide are not recommended for supplementation or better used
as laxatives. Dosage one hundred to two hundred milligrams to
(17:22):
supplement the diet, and two hundred and fifty to six
hundred milligrams daily as a treatment. Remember the upper limits
three hundred and fifty milligrams a day, so I wouldn't
be up at that's six hundred milligrams daily as a treatment.
Upper limits is when adverse effects start to happen. Taking
magnesium supplements with food can help reduce the possibility of diarrhea.
Taking magnesium and calcium together have not been shown to
(17:45):
aid each other side effects. In red flags, magnesium supplements
can cause stomach upset, diarrhea, and nauseum vomiting. Too much
supplementation can cause hypermagnese magneesemia, so too much magnisum in
the blood with signs and symptoms of nausea, headache, warmth, fleshing,
(18:06):
light headedness, hypotension, thirst, drowsiness, slowed breathing, muscle weakness, and
possibly death. There are some interactions. Magnesium has been shown
to have anticoagulant and antiplatelet effects, should not be used
with medications with similar effects. Magnesium hydroxide may increase absorption
(18:26):
of sulfonal urea antidiabetic drugs and could affect blood sugar
control and sodium glucose cotransporter two SGLT two inhibitors, which
are a relatively new class, very good class, and new
study just came out in the last couple of weeks
saying that these are actually been shown to help cardiovascular
(18:47):
conditions and diabetics. So the SGLT two inhibitors may increase
serum magneum magnesium levels and may cause hypermagnesia and caution
should be used with supplementation. So there you go, and
that's it for magnesium. Any questions on magnesium before we
get going ruffha, I'll ask answer your question afterwards. Thank you. Okay,
(19:13):
let's go on and talk about our herb of the day.
Go tang or on Carria is from the family rubiasier
or madder family, which we're going to talk about in
just minute. There are a lot of standard species here,
so according to Benski, a whole bunch of species can
be considered standard. On Karia, Rinkophilla, mick jacks, which are
(19:36):
the biologists, and that's standard go teg. That's sort of
the standard. One that I've seen the most in the
literature is Rinkophilis so Oncaria, Rinkophila on Karia, Macrophilla wall
is die go teng, on Carria, Hursuta, havel malgo teng
Uncaria sinensis olive havel hua go teng, and oncarious sicily
(19:59):
fruitus rocksby wubing Gao guou go tang so woobing Guo
go tang. These are all centered species of this of
this herb. The English translation of go teg is hook
fine or like the way it chen Chen had both
hook fine or hookie branches. I kind of like that
(20:21):
hooky branches. Other names include cat's claw, which may be
confusing applies to another species so I wouldn't use cat's
claw necessarily in this because it usually means it's an
on carria, but it's a different species of on carria
used more in South America fish hook fine, then go
teg schwango schwang go tang schwang go go, and in
(20:47):
Japanese coto, and in Korean kudoon. Again, I don't pronounce
Chinese very well, but at least I have some experience.
I have none with Japanese in Korean. Talk about that
Rubiasier family real quick, Rubyassier or matter family consists of
six hundred and eleven genera and over thirteen thousand, one
(21:08):
hundred and fifty species. I'm actually a little bit concerned. No,
this is all correct. They are herb shrugs and trees,
mostly in tropical areas. Actually, yep. They have opposing leaves
with stipules or in walls with unbroken leaf margins and
leaf like appendages at the base of the leaf stalks.
(21:30):
Leaves usually are large and evergreen and tropical species deciduous
and temperate species, and needle like or scale like in
different species. Sorry, I'm gonna just check out one thing
real quick here. Make sure I didn't make a mistake here,
because I feel like there's a typo here that I
(21:51):
need to be worried about. That is it okay? The
plants may very single flower or many small flowers clustered together.
Fruits maybe berries, droops, capsules, or schizocarps, which are dry
fruits that split into segments of a single seed. The
coffee coining epicac, cradum, and gambier used in tan and
(22:14):
all canning all come from or are extracts from members
of this family, and many are also common ornamentals. Back
to our herb, go teg Benski. Remember we have three
major textbooks and they all have this. This is, like
I said, a quite common herb. So Benski says, the
(22:35):
dos is just six to fifteen grams of Both chen
Chin and Brown Wiseman say the dose is ten to
fifteen grams. All three sources say prolonged heat can damage
its properties and it should not be decocted for more
than twenty minutes. So one of them, Brann Wiseman said,
I think said add it towards the end of the decoction.
(22:56):
The category of this herb, according to Benzk, he and
their team put this urban and substances that extinguish win
and stopped Tremor's category. Chen and Chen say it's in
the liver commune and wind extinguishing herbs category, and Brandon
Wiseman actually has it in a subcary. It says it's
in the wind extinguishing Tenny relieving medicinal subcategory of the
(23:19):
liver commune and wind extinguishing Medicinals category, So they're a
little bit more specific about this herb. All three of
our sources say it is sweet and enters the liver
and pericardium channels. Both Benski and his team in Brandon
Wiseman state is slightly cold. Well, Chen and Chen say
it is cool. Essentially, these all mean the same thing.
(23:42):
You know, what's the difference between slightly cold and cool.
I don't think there's much of a difference. There a
slightly different terminology here. History of this herb both Benski
and Chen Chen Punskin and his team and Chen Chen.
So the original source for this herb is miscellaneous records
of famous physicians, or the ming Yi bei lu has
(24:04):
described in Benski, or the ming Yi Zaju as listed
in Chen Chin. In other words, the English translation was
the same in both books, but they had different Chinese
in them, and that happens sometimes with Chinese books, So
I don't think that's a huge discrepancy. But it's interesting
that it's in these books. But they both agree it
was written around five hundred. See they all said circa
(24:26):
five hundred, so around five hundred CE. So it's an
older book, but not our oldest on single herbs. So
let's talk about this category again. Benski has great introductions
to these categories and they and Benski and his team
says wind a pathogenic influence has both exterior and interior manifestations.
(24:51):
The substance in this category are Substances in this category
are used for treating wind in the interior, also known
as internal string of wind. Interior wind usually results from
pathogenic changes in the functions of the organs, principally the
liver and kidneys. It can arise from yen deficiency of
the liver in kidneys, ascendant livery young blood deficiency, and
(25:13):
high fevers. Internal stirring of liver wind is usually caused
by yin deficiency of the liver and kidneys or ascendant
liver young manifestations. Manifestations include headache, dizziness, blurred vision, tenitis
that's the ringing in the ears, and in severe cases, irritability, vomiting,
(25:34):
palpitations with anxiety, and muscle twitches. Treatment is directed at
nourishing the liver and kidney yen, calming the liver, and
extinguishing the wind. The progression of this pattern, which includes tremors,
tonic chronic spasms of the extremities, sudden loss of consciousness,
facial paralysis, hemiplegia, aphasia, and similar problems, it is called
(25:58):
windstroke or jeanung fung. In treating these problems, substances are
used that extinguish the wind, stop the tremors, and transform
the phlegm. These substances are thought to improve the circulation
and hasten the recovery of nerve tissue. Extreme heat that
produces wind is manifested in convulsions or episto pistotonos due
(26:22):
to high fever. If you've never seen a pistotonos, that's
like an arching of the back stiffening of the body
as a pistos. Since it's usually quite serious of an issue,
this pattern is called childhood convulsions are fung literally fright wind.
It can occur in any disease with high fever, as
(26:44):
well as infections of the central nervous system. In treating
this pattern, substances which clear the heart, clear the heat,
and stop the convulsions are used. Blood deficiency that produces
wind is characterized by dizziness, blurred vision, to nitis, in
numb extremities or paresthesias. In severe cases, it can present
as convulsions or loss of consciousness. And treating this patterned
(27:06):
substances which extinguish the wind are added to those that
nourish the blood. That was our introduction to this category. Again.
If you have any questions, feel free to mute yourself
or putting in the chapbox. Have it answer any questions.
Let's talk about good quality of the SRB. Benski and
(27:28):
their teams say good quality has solid anchor shaped twin
hooks and a small number of thin stems without hooks.
The surface should be purplish brown or reddish brown and glossy.
We have another book called the Chinese Medicinal Identification and
Illustrated Approach by Joh and Chen, which is all about
(27:48):
good quality. So they say Goteng has a cylindrical or
semi rectangular columnar shape and a hard impliable texture and
a fibrous cortepe excuse me, a fibrous cortex. There's no odor,
and the taste is quote pale. I don't know what
a pale taste is. Where they say it's a pale taste.
(28:10):
Superior medicinal material has double hooks and thin stems. The
hooks are firm, and the medicinal material smooth, tender, and
purplish red. So what does this serve do Chinese medical actions?
According to Benski and his team, Goatang extinguishes wind, alleviates
spasms for patterns of liver heat with internal string of
(28:33):
liver wind with such symptoms as tremors, seizures, and a clampsia.
It also drains liver heat and pacifies liver young for
liver fire and ascendent liver young patterns with such symptoms
as headache, irritability, red eyes, and dizziness recently used for hypertension,
especially of this type. And finally, it releases the exterior
(28:57):
for exterior wind heat patterns with such mptoms it's fever, headache,
and red eyes. Tren and Chen say it extinguishes wind
and alleviates spasms, and it does this from two sources
of one of those is liver wind. Actually, it says,
liver win is the big issue here. Go teng brandlessnkia
(29:17):
komuansus is essential in extinguishing wind and sedating fire for stroke.
Liver wind in combination with phlegm may result in sudden stroke, fainting,
facial paralysis, hemipleasia, or loss of the ability to speak.
It also clears heat and pacifies livery young. Rising liver
(29:39):
young can result in headache, feelings of distension in the head, dizziness,
vertigo and hypertension, tinidis insomnia, heavy headed sensations, and involuntary
muscle twitching. Brandon Wiseman say it extinguishes wind and checks
tetany and clear he calms the liver. They also say,
(30:02):
in recent years, Go teng has been used extensively in
the treatment of hypertension again hypertension hypertension, not surprisingly because
Eric brand is one of the editors The Chinese Medicinal
Identification Illustrated approach very similarly says goteg extinguishes when and
relieves tenney and clears. He in calms the liver. Preparation
(30:28):
so Benski at All discusses preparation for this herb. Young
tender stocks called tender Uncarria vine or nengo teg are favored.
The hooks may be single or double. The double hooks
are preferred and are known as paired Uncarria vine or
schwang go teng. When the stocks are removed and only
(30:48):
the hooks themselves are used, it is called uncarria hooks
or go go here again. The double hooks are considered
best and are known as paired Uncarria hooks or schwang
go go paired Uncarrie shwango tender on Karia hooks, then
go or clean on Carria hooks jinguo goo jing go
(31:08):
go okay a lot of go go. Although the actions
of the vine and hooks are the same, the hooks
are believed to have more concentrated aroma and more powerful
therapeutic effects. Treasury of words on the material medica are
the bensal hue Yan by Ni Jumo, written in the
Ming dynasty, which went from thirteen sixty eight to sixteen
(31:29):
forty four, advises removing the stocks and using only the
tender hooks. The effect increases ten times in power. There
you go Western uses. The PDR for herbal medicines discusses
gambier as a traditional herb used in the West. It
says it is a stringent because of its tannins, which
(31:52):
are also said to have antibacterial analogous sidal effects. In
other words, they help algae. It has antibacterial anti anti
bacteria and algacytal anti algae effects. It's flabinoid fraction is
said to be hepatoprotective, in other words, it helps the
liver protects the liver. Unproven uses include treatment of diarrhea
(32:15):
and nausea and gastrointestinal disturbance as a tincture, while decoction
is said to treat peptic ulcers and ulcers of the
oral lucosa and asthma. So interesting, very different uses. All right,
let's give you some commentary on this herb again. Benski
(32:35):
does a great Jobsky in this team does a great
job has an excellent commentary on this herb. On Carriamulus
komonsis goateeg is sweet, slightly cold, and enters the liver
and pericardium channels. The liver governs wind, in the pericardium
governs fire wind and fire can provoke each other to
cause such disorders as childhood convulsions, dizziness, and headaches. Because
(32:59):
this serb is light clearing and cooling, not only draining
fire but also settling wind, it can treat such patterns
as extreme heat generating convulsions and liver channel heat, or
as sentent liver young leading to dizziness, headache, and red eyes.
Is particularly appropriate for childhood convulsions because of its light
(33:22):
clearing and draining nature. It is also used for externally
contracted headache and red eyes, or for spots and rashes
that fail to surface. Treasury of Words in the Material
Medica states that it is swift and sharp by nature.
In an instant it can expel wind, phlegm, open blocked chi,
or quiet down childhood convulsions. However, if decoctive for long,
(33:45):
it has no power. After the other herbs have boiled sufficiently,
put it in and immediately lift the pop from the
stove so it will be at its strongest. Chen Sure
Dwoe warns that it should be used with an eye
to treating the root of the condition, explaining a new
compilation of Material America that the ben cel Hinbienn in
(34:06):
sixteen ninety four that it very quickly eliminates wind. It
must be used for internal wind patterns. However, the generation
of wind fire is usually caused by insufficiency of kidney water,
which leads to dryness of wood and fire blazing. Using
a little bit of goat tang among herbs that tonify
the yend readily disperses the wind fire. If one does
(34:28):
not tonify the end and only uses go teg to
eliminate wind and disperse fire, the wind will not be
extinguished and the fire will flare even more. In rectification
of the Medium Material Medica, the early twentieth century writer
Jean Sean Lay says that it was considered an excellent
(34:50):
herb for children in the earlier material Medica texts, and
that it is in fact quite well suited for this
by nature. It is light and clearing, with a sweet
cold nature that is most appropriate for constitutions with the
not yet filled childish yin and the readily exuberant childish yong.
He goes on to explain its ability to treat childhood convulsions.
(35:12):
The reason that it can treat convulsions is that seizure
disorder is in the illness caused by liver blazing and
generating wind, she and fire blazing upward and surging into
the neurons of the brain. The substance is light and
weight clearing and cooling, able to drain fire and also
to settle wind. Chen and Chen also have an interesting
(35:35):
comedy most which we'll be discussed under comparisons. Goteng has
a sedative function but is but not a tranquilizing ones
that's really interesting distinguished. It helps to calm the shen
or spirit, but does not treat insomnia. Interesting all right.
Comparisons with other herbs, so Besky compares the sort of
(35:58):
two others. The first is chrisanne aanthemy floss or juhua.
Both herbs calm the liver and disperse pathogenic wind heat,
and both are used for patterns such as wind fire
is sending along the liver channel to cause headache and dizziness,
or for externally contracted diseases leading to headache and red eyes.
How regating primarily extinguishes wind and stops seizures, while chrysanthemy
(36:21):
flashed chihua inclines to a dispersing wind and draining heat.
The other urban benskis at All's texts is saigae to
tara que cornu or lean young jow not herb. I'm
particularly familiar with both herbs calm the liver, extinguish wind,
(36:42):
clear heat, and subtle convulsions and jitteriness. They are often
combined in patterns of excessive heats strain up wind and
causing convulsions, or in patterns of heat in the liver
channel with the sending liver young leading to headaches and
reddened eyes with dizziness. However, sege to corneling young joo,
(37:02):
being salty and cold, enters the blood level to cool
the liver and extinguish wind. It has a strong ability
to clear heat from the blood and resolve toxicity, and
thus it is also used for heat in the blood
with overwhelming toxicity leading to rashes, or for measles sinking internally.
Go Tang, by contrast, is light and weight, clears dredges
(37:26):
and drains, and is thus also used for externally contracted
headache and red eyes, or for spots and rashes failing
to emerge. Tenchin also compares go teg with some other herbs.
Go Tang and rendong Tang collius lenisra both treat wind.
(37:48):
Gotang is stronger in treating twitching and spasms caused by
liver wind and liver heat. Well rendong tang leaves pain
to the wind heat in the channels and collaterals. Go
tang in tianm Australia, which are often used together, both
pacify the liver, extinguish wind, and cheat twitching, spasms, convulsions,
(38:09):
dizziness and headaches caused by liver wind, and as I mentioned,
these nerves are frequently used together in clinical settings. Goatang
is cold and has a stronger effect to extinguish liver
wind by clearing rising liver young. It's often used for
liver winds secondary to rising liver young in cases such
as convulsions with high fever. Tienma is neutral and rich
(38:32):
in oil. It does not clear heat as strongly as goatang,
but it is stronger in relieving pain as the oil
moistens dryness and helps to extinguish wind. It is more
commonly used to stop pain associated with headache, vertigo, twitching
and spasms caused by liver wind, and this is also
(38:58):
used in combination. Benski actually has it combiness are with
many others for specific conditions. Despite not having its usual
subheading of combinations. Since there are a lot of these,
there isn't the usual excellent explanation of how the combination works.
We will not go into them today. There's just a
lot of them and very specific and not a lot
(39:18):
of explanations. So it's like, for this condition, use go
tang with these two herbs, and that's all I would say.
It doesn't explain why they work, so we're gonna give it.
There's too many for us to talk about anyway, so
we don't have a pretty jam pack full podcast today.
And both chen Chen and Brand and Wiseman similarly discussed
quite a few specific combinations without a lot of commentary.
(39:40):
So well, there's lots of combinations. I just I didn't
think there was a lot for us to bring up here.
But again, just chen Chen has just mentioned in a
comparison to discusses the important combination of go tang, and
that's a very common fact. There's a whole form of
go teg t mo tongue, which is those two herbs
I think with other herbs. I'm sure with other but
(40:02):
that's a common combination. And we did discuss that combination
a little bit with the comparison contents. According to Benski
and his team, the contents of the serb include many
alkaloids and flavonoids, which differ slightly depending on which specific
species we are discussing. The alkaloids Rinko feeling and isorinko
(40:26):
fhiling seem to be important components of the serb. Remember
that is this the kind of the main species. Standard
species is on karia, rinkofheling or rinkophilia. And so whenever
you see that, you know chemicals named after the species
that often is an important determination of that species and
(40:48):
probably plays a role at least for us Medicinally, shen
Chen also had the fallen constituents. And of course I
had to do this to myself, So please bear with
me as I tried to pronunciate, pronounce all these crino, crene, noxiene, isocarine, noxiene, corey, nanthine,
(41:11):
anthin en, dihydrochre, corinthanthen her sutine, hersutine, hyperine, and trifolin. Okay,
my best science. According to Chin and Chin, the pharmacological
effects of goateeg include being an anti hypertensive. It's shown
(41:34):
in a human stay with two hundred and forty five subjects.
That's a pretty good sized study. Central nervous system suppressant
based on a mice study. Eh, that doesn't mean it
does anything in humans. Anti seizure in guinea pigs and
in rats when combined with tanm okay. We you know,
from a Chinese perspective, we know it's anti seizure, but
(41:55):
I'm not I'm not saying give me a pig and rat. Again.
Animal research is good to point us in a direction
for us to do human research, but animals and humans
are not the same, and so you can't take an
animal study and say this is how it's going to
work in humans. It has to be tested. It's a
(42:15):
uterine suppressed again based on a rat study. And another
study they talked about was an herbal decoction of several
herbs including goteng chuan twi which is the locusts shells,
and boha or field mint was helpful for treating infantile
(42:36):
night crying. The end here was eighteen. There's only eighteen
subjects in this study, which means it's not statistically valid.
You at least thirty to forty to run appropriate population statistics,
So anything less than that is not considered statistically valid,
but it's an interesting sort of thing. It's hard to
get by the way, it's really hard to get infants
on a study. You know, that's just not something that
(42:57):
we do much in the West. So it's because of
their It comes down to that they're compromised subjects. You know,
they can't speak for themselves, so we tend to avoid
doing studies on those if we If we can, we
do observational studies, but we can't set up research studies
like this would be so anyways, interesting study talk about
(43:20):
drug herb interactions. There are a couple low evidence interactions
involving in this herb, but they remain theoretical. It may
potentiate antiquaglant and anti playlt effects and should be used
with caution and patients taking antiquaglant and anti playld agents
from balytic agents and low molecular weight heparins. And it
may reverse caffeines stimulating effects. Both of these were D
(43:43):
level evidence, lowest level of evidence. Take them with a
grain of salt. They're there. Usually I like to look
at the American Herbal Products Associations Botanical Safety hambook, which
usually is has most of the herbs that we talk
about and is really a great source. But it has
entries on two different Oncaria species, but neither of them
(44:04):
appears to be go tang. So they had a totally
different Chinese name than I've seen before for one of
the species. The other one had no Chinese name at all,
and they're usually really good with their Chinese names. Gardner
mccaff and the oppa's botanical safety habook so I kind
(44:24):
of said neither of the two Oncaria species was this one,
so they didn't really have an entry on this ru
In other words, there are some concerns. Benski and his
team note several concerns with go tang. Under the heading
of cautions and contra indications, they say used with caution
(44:48):
in the absence of wind, heat, or heat from excess.
Under the heading of traditional contra indications, they say its
nature is somewhat cold, should not be taken by those
without fire because it is light raising and enters the
liver and may incite liver young to rise up and
(45:10):
rising carry with it turbid pathogens to cloud the clear orifice.
And it comes from harm and benefit in the material America.
At the Ben Saw highly by On Kwan written in
eighteen ninety three, and they have a quote from another book.
Deficient patients should not consume it. And it is as
(45:31):
it is most capable of pilfering the chi and this
is written in the new compilation of Material America or
the ben Cu Sheen Bien written in sixteen ninety four.
Neither chen Chen nor brann Wiseman has significant cautions regarding
the serruve. And as we mentioned, the American Urbal Prauxte
Association Botanical Safety HAVOC does not have an entry on
(45:51):
the syrup. So not a lot of other cautions for
us to consider here, okay, And with that we're going
towards the end here. So in summary, we started today
by looking at three very important macrominerals, sodium, chloride and magnesium.
We looked at the about chemistry and the supplementation and
(46:13):
the Chinese medicine of these three macro minerals. Then we
looked at the Chinese herb Go teng on carrioamulus comunsis
around Carria. We saw how useful this herb is in
treating wind and liver heat from a Chinese perspective, and
spasms and convulsions and especially hypertension from a more biomedical perspective,
(46:37):
and we spent a good amount of time discussing the intricacies,
including preparations, cautions, and comparisons to other herbs. And with
that we include another exploration of a very useful Chinese herb.
In our next episode, we will be looking at another
herb of the world, in this case Boswelia serrata or
(47:00):
Indian frankincense. This herb nourishes the heart, enriches you in,
and calms the spirit. As always, we will do our
deep dive into this herb and look at its traditional uses,
in its preparation, interactions and cautions, and as usual, we
will be adding something a little different. It's going to
(47:22):
be another interesting expedition into the lesser known universe of herbs.
Please join us. It's gonna be good. And I like
to thank you very much for listening to this podcast.
If you like this podcast, please do us a huge
favorite subscribe in your favorite podcast. You don't know how
much that helps us, and we really do appreciate and
(47:43):
we thank you in advance, even just for considering doing so.
And you can get this course as continuing education and
get more info on my upcoming integrative nutrition series at
www dot Integrative Medicine Council dot org. And you can
always get in touch with me at doctor Greg at
Sperbserbs dot com or at our website www dot Sperbserbs
(48:07):
dot com. That's s P E r B s H
E r b s dot com. And you know, I
don't mention it, but you know you might think there's
some really strange colors. A lot of you on the
podcast don't see this, but when I do a presentation
(48:28):
of this, there's a picture of the herb on the
first page. It has a bunch of weird colors behind it.
And I've created this whole code of colors that talk
about the taste, the temperature, and what organ what what
meridians it enters, and so that's what that color code
is about. And here I have a slide that just
says what all the different color codes are. I don't
(48:50):
usually discuss it, but there it is in case you're interested.
They're kind of ugly, but there's some sense to it,
and as usual of a good bibliography. And I appreciate
you guys being here today. Thank you very much. Further
(49:13):
the proceeding was presented by doctor Greg Sperber. We would
like to thank Janelle for allers support and everybody else
who contributed to this program. Roger Campbell
That Angelica sperb. Welcome everybody to episode seventy five. Three
quarters of a century of sperbs. Herbs seems that way,
but it doesn't. So this is a big This is
a milestone Episode seventy five. Today we're gonna be talking
(00:23):
about a very interesting herb called go tang Go tang
on carria Rmulus cam unsis or on carrier a gambier.
This is. You know, one of the colloquial names I
heard was fish hook, and it doesn't looks like a
fish hook. Just a great herb, very commonly used. Well,
I don't know about very commonly used. I would definitely
(00:44):
say commonly used. I don't know about very commonly used.
Let's get into it. Today we will be exploring this
interesting Chinese herb, Go teg. This herb is a relatively
commonly used herb in the Chinese medical category of substances
that extinguish wind and stop tremors, and can be used
in a wide variety of conditions, including spasms and convulsions, headache, irritability.
(01:06):
And it says here I have written any even high pertension.
It's not even hyghertension. That's a common use of this
This is probably one of the first one or two
herbs you think about when treating hypertension. Very common use
for hypertension, and as usual, we will be exploring something
a little different. We are going to continue our discussion
about macromnerals by looking at sodium chloride and magnesium. Please
(01:31):
stay tuned for this intriguing episode. And I've asked this
question a few times. It's time for you to change it,
but I'm still going to ask the question, did you
know that I've written a couple of books. The first
book is Integrative Pharmacology, combining modern pharmacology with integrative medicine.
This is a pretty thorough book discussing pharmaceuticals, what they
(01:51):
are used for, how they work, and how they may
interact with other drugs. Herbs and supplements. Is the perfect
reference book for all acupuncturist, herbalists, chiropractors, natural paths, and
really any integrative practitioner. But it's also perfect for anyone.
It goes in depth, but is easy to read and
has difficult terminology bolded with definitions on the same page.
(02:14):
There is not only a great book explaining pharmaceuticals, it's
also available at an amazing price is available for ten
percent off its regular price, and you get it signed
by me the author, for just sixty seven dollars and
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put it in the in the comments and I'll make
(02:34):
sure it happens. So happy to do that. My second
book written with an amazing insurance expert, Tiffany Anderson Hefner.
It's called Playing the Game, A Step by Step Approach
to Accepting Insurance as an Acupuncturist. This is the perfect
book for any acupuncturist who wants tour is contemplating accepting insurance.
They give step by step advice that every part of
(02:55):
the insurance came from getting set up through the patient
counter and of course getting paid, all in easy to
digest language, honest advice, and lots of handholding through the process.
And you guessed it. It is also temper sent off
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twenty six dollars in ninety eight cents. You can get
either or both of these books at the shop at
(03:16):
www dot sperbserbs dot com. So in our last episode
we looked at calcium, the most common mineral in the body.
This was based on my new webinar series called integrave Nutrition,
where I explore the biochemistry, Chinese medical approach, and supplements
available of various topics of nutrition. Today, we're going to
(03:39):
explore three more super important macrominerals, sodium, chloride and magnesium.
We're going to talk about their biochemistry, Chinese medical properties,
and their supplementation. So we're to start off with sodium
en chloride, which are discussed together because they are used
in similar processes and the primary dietary sources this table
(04:00):
salter and acl. They are used to maintain water balance
asmodic equilibrium. This means pressure, especially in the blood vessels,
acid base balance in creating the electrical gradients across cell
membranes necessary for nerve conduction and muscle function. They are
both primarily extracellular electrolytes. In other words, they exist outside
(04:23):
of the cells. Sodium rane plus can be used for
transportation such as intestinal renal absorption and reabsorption of glucose, galactose,
and amino acids by sodium linked transporters. Chloride is also
combined with hydrogen to form hydrochloric acid in the stomach.
(04:44):
Sodium intake can increase blood pressure from stimulation of brain
thirst centers and secretion of antidiuretic hormone, causing retention of water.
Both hyper and hypo noatremia or too much or too
little sodium can cause brain damage. Neither sodium or chloride
have an RDA recommended daily allowance, so that's interesting. None
(05:07):
of these you need to worry about an RDA, you
get plenty. The adequate intake for chloride is eighteen hundred
to twenty three hundred milligrams and is fifteen hundred milligrams
for sodium in adults. Now, just to give you an
idea most of us you know, it says fifteen hundred
milligrams are adequate intake. So the difference between RDA and
adequate intake. And RDA has lots of science behind it,
(05:29):
adequate intake has not quite as much science behind it.
It's still enough to create an adequate intake and it
usually is a range. Well. RDA is a little bit
more specific and has more more science behind it, but
adequate intake is still pretty good. So says fifteen hundred
milligrams of sodium and adults. Most adults, especially if they're
eating any processed foods whatsoever, are probably over five grams.
(05:52):
You know, three times what is adequate intake? Not healthy
long term? So what do sodium chloride do? According to
Chinese medicine Flaws in his Bob Flaws in his book
The diw of Healthy Eating says sodium says sodium supplements
the liver and kidneys and secures the essence, softens hardness,
(06:14):
and scatters nodulation. And he does not have an entry
for chloride. Pitchford has a lot to say about salt.
It has a dual nature, and it oscillates between its aspects.
In the human body, it gen nature represents the earth,
and thus salt can be used to bring a person
down to Earth or to give food an earthy, more
(06:35):
substantial quality. It strengthens digestion and contributes to the secretion
of hydrochloric acid in the stomach, an earth element organ
So just right there, secretion of hydrochloric acid. It's already
implying that he's talking about sodium chloride because they often
go together. In the outer dimension. Salt enables when to
focus more clearly on the material realm excess salt in
(06:59):
factors thought in Chinese folklore to encourage greed. At first,
salt is cooling. It directs the energy of a person
inward and lower the appropriate directions in cooler weather. Consistent
with its yind quality, salt also stimulates the kidneys, which
then promote fluid metabolism and a moistening effect beneficial to
(07:20):
dryness in the body. This tonic action on the kidney
fluids is especially helpful in the winter, when dryness from
the heat producing activity of the body is at its
height and fluids are needed for balance. At the same time,
the purifying properties of salt detoxify poisons. Thus the little
salt can help counteract poisoning from poor quality foods and
(07:43):
unhealthy food combinations. When the blood is impure indicated by
sentiments such as skin eruptions, salt can be used externally,
since its extended internal use for purification is thought to
injure the blood, making the complexion lustreless and the muscle's
Another paradoxical aspect of salt is its ability to soften
(08:04):
sumin aias the body and tighten others. For instance, salt
softens hardened hardened lymph nodes, clans, and muscles. It also
promotes bowel action. Abdominal obstructions and swellings can be softened
or dissolved by salt, according to digit to traditional Chinese instructions,
Yet salt may create pressure in other areas, such as
(08:27):
the arteries. Because salt has an affinity for water, a
large percentage of sodium settles in the vascular fluids of
the body. As this sodium attracts more fluids, the pressure
in the vascular system can rise. Is one reason salt
is contraindicated in cases of high blood pressure. Since most
(08:47):
instances of high blood pressure not only involve arterial problems,
but are also closely related to excesses of the liver,
very small amounts of whole salt, ideally in the form
of seaweeds, can help detoxify the liver once poor quality
and fatty foods are eliminated from the diet and the
blood pressure is out of the danger zone. From the
viewpoint of Chinese medicine, salt benefits the kidneys, but its
(09:11):
overuse damages them, leading to emaciation, weakened bones and blood,
and deficiencies of the heart and spirit. And as we've
been talking about selements neither sodium or chloride or used
to someone. There used to be salt pills, if you
remember back in the day, and the thought was if
you're out, they would give them to troops when they're
(09:31):
out in a very humid weather and working. They thought
salt was was given out, so there wasn't, so they
were given salt pills. Those are no longer valid. You know.
The equivalent these days would be gatorade, which has quite
a bit of sodium in it, so you know, those
would be electrolytes in that case, though generally we don't
have to worry about sulementation of sodium or chloride on
(09:55):
any long term basis. Let's talk a little bit about
magnesium mg. One percent of bone mass is made up
of magnesium. That doesn't sound like a lot, but that
actually means there's quite a bit of it in the body,
especially since sixty percent of magnesium in the body is
in the bone, so that's quite a bit. Bones make
up a lot of our weight. Is important in an
(10:16):
enzymatic reaction. It is important in enzymatic reactions in the body,
including kinase phosphorylation and DNA and RNA polymerases. The adult
RDA recommended daily allowance is three hundred and ten to
four hundred and twenty milligrams, and the average intake in
the US is below the recommended level. The upper limit
(10:38):
for supplementation is three hundred and fifty milligrams. So this
is interesting here. Now I just said the adult RDA
is three hundred and ten to four hundred and twenty milligrams,
but the upper limit is three hundred and fifty milligrams.
Something is a little bit fishy there. Not. We need
more than we should supplement and the reason why it's
that way is we should beginning it mostly from our foods,
(10:58):
and it's when we supplement we should be having a
maximum supplementation three hundred and fifty milligrams from outside sources,
as opposed to Guinea it from our foods. Hypomagnesium, which
is too little magnesium in the blood, which can result
from decreased absorption or increased excretion, can cause hyper excitability
(11:21):
of neurons and skeletal muscles, and cardiac arrhythmias, none of
which are good. Hyper Magnesia or too much magnesium in
the blood can cause hypotension. So too little blood, too
little blood pressure. According to Chinese medicine magnesium, and this
(11:43):
is from Bob Flaus's book. Again, magnesium a stringes in
and suppresses young, quiets the spirit, absorbs acid, and stops pain.
Paul Pritsford says magnesium provides the body with a smooth,
flowing nature and therefore is useful for any diseases where
there are stag stagnancies or erratic changes. According to the
(12:07):
Chinese healing arts, stagnation accompanied by erratic changes in the body, emotions,
or mind represents liveral gallbladder imbalance. Thus, magnesium foods usually
help nurture one's liver and health in numerous ways. The
applications of dietary magnesium nearly all parallel liver gallbladder pathology.
(12:28):
In the view of ancient Chinese medicine. We do use
magnesium sublements, and they come in a variety of formulations,
including magnesium citrate, magnesium oxide, magnesium chloride, magnesium gluconate, magnesium orientate,
and other forms. Approximately forty eight percent of the US
population does not get enough magnesium in their diet, especially
(12:51):
men and women over seventy one and adolescens aged fourteen
to eighteen. Several conditions can deplete magnesium, including alcohol abuse,
gastrointestinal disorders, and diabetes. Several drugs may also decrease levels
of magnesium, including some chemotherapy agents, diuretics, and proton pump inhibitors.
(13:16):
Uses magnesium may decrease hypotension, help heart health, gout, tinitis,
dementia and cognition, Parkinson's disease, diabetes type two and metabolic syndrome, depression, anxiety,
osteo and rheumatoid arthritis, insomnia, migraines, premenstrual syndrome, restless leg syndrome,
(13:39):
and leg cramps. And we often, you know, whenever someone
says they have leg cramps or sometimes wrestless like centrome,
but lake cramps, they often will say to me, it's like, oh,
I've tried magnesium and it doesn't work. So very commonly
well known use for leg cramps, though I don't think
it's the only thing. I think, in my experience, mostly
(14:00):
cramps have nothing to do with magnesium. Some do. It's
definitely useful, but not all of them. Moss I don't think,
are magnesium. So what does the science say? Hypermagnesia can
cause hypertension, and there is some mixed evidence showing that
supplementation may help hypertension. The FDA has approved a qualified
(14:21):
health claim for this the f Day of the Federal
Drug Administration here in the US, and here's the qualified
health claim for this. Consuming diets with adequate magnesium may
reduce the risk of high blood pressure hypertension. However, the
FDA has concluded that the evidence is inconsistent and inconclusive,
so that's quite qualified. If the asme why, hypomagnesium has
(14:44):
been shown to increase coronary heart disease in sudden cardiac death,
there's no current research on supplementation will reduce this risk.
Gout has a similar story. Those with hypermagnesia are more
likely to have higher levels of uric acid and risk
of gout, but supplementation has not been studied. Two small
studies AN equals nineteen and N equals twenty nine, neither
(15:07):
of these are statistically valid, have shown magnesium can reduce tenitis.
There is decent evidence that magnesium supplementation can help dementia
and prevent both dementia and minor cognitive impairment. And all
of this kind of puts me in the realm of
we should make sure we get enough and have a
little bit of supplementation, but not too much. Continuing with science,
(15:33):
there are several conditions like gout that show correlation with hypomagnesia,
but supplementation has not been shown to help, usually from
a lack of studies. These include Parkinson's disease, stroke depression,
arterial arterial calcification, osteoarthritis, and rheumatoid arthritis. There's some evidence
that supplementing magnesium can help prevent diabetes type two, but
(15:56):
does not help improve patients who are treating their diabetes.
Also seems to help insulin insensitivity and metabolic syndrome. There
is no association between magnesium levels and anxiety. There's some
evidence supplementation of magnesium may increase bone mineral density in
seventy to seventy nine year olds and reduce the risk
(16:16):
of bone fracture in older adults. Will supplementation may help
insomniacs with low serum levels fall asleep faster, they do
not benefit. It does not benefit the quality or length
of sleep. There is very little evidence that very little
(16:36):
evidence magnesium supplementation helps restless leg syndrome or leg cramps.
Like I said, I haven't really seen it work, and
there is some evidence showing benefit of supplementation for helping migraine,
headaches and PMS premastrul syndrome. Other considerations, Magnesium chloride, glycero phosphate,
and glycinate also called glycinate or diglossinate do not cause
(17:01):
laxative effect, while magnesium citrate, aspartate, gluconate, and lactate may
cause laxative effects at high doses. A neat magnesium hydroxide, carbonate, sulfate,
and oxide are not recommended for supplementation or better used
as laxatives. Dosage one hundred to two hundred milligrams to
(17:22):
supplement the diet, and two hundred and fifty to six
hundred milligrams daily as a treatment. Remember the upper limits
three hundred and fifty milligrams a day, so I wouldn't
be up at that's six hundred milligrams daily as a treatment.
Upper limits is when adverse effects start to happen. Taking
magnesium supplements with food can help reduce the possibility of diarrhea.
Taking magnesium and calcium together have not been shown to
(17:45):
aid each other side effects. In red flags, magnesium supplements
can cause stomach upset, diarrhea, and nauseum vomiting. Too much
supplementation can cause hypermagnese magneesemia, so too much magnisum in
the blood with signs and symptoms of nausea, headache, warmth, fleshing,
(18:06):
light headedness, hypotension, thirst, drowsiness, slowed breathing, muscle weakness, and
possibly death. There are some interactions. Magnesium has been shown
to have anticoagulant and antiplatelet effects, should not be used
with medications with similar effects. Magnesium hydroxide may increase absorption
(18:26):
of sulfonal urea antidiabetic drugs and could affect blood sugar
control and sodium glucose cotransporter two SGLT two inhibitors, which
are a relatively new class, very good class, and new
study just came out in the last couple of weeks
saying that these are actually been shown to help cardiovascular
(18:47):
conditions and diabetics. So the SGLT two inhibitors may increase
serum magneum magnesium levels and may cause hypermagnesia and caution
should be used with supplementation. So there you go, and
that's it for magnesium. Any questions on magnesium before we
get going ruffha, I'll ask answer your question afterwards. Thank you. Okay,
(19:13):
let's go on and talk about our herb of the day.
Go tang or on Carria is from the family rubiasier
or madder family, which we're going to talk about in
just minute. There are a lot of standard species here,
so according to Benski, a whole bunch of species can
be considered standard. On Karia, Rinkophilla, mick jacks, which are
(19:36):
the biologists, and that's standard go teg. That's sort of
the standard. One that I've seen the most in the
literature is Rinkophilis so Oncaria, Rinkophila on Karia, Macrophilla wall
is die go teng, on Carria, Hursuta, havel malgo teng
Uncaria sinensis olive havel hua go teng, and oncarious sicily
(19:59):
fruitus rocksby wubing Gao guou go tang so woobing Guo
go tang. These are all centered species of this of
this herb. The English translation of go teg is hook
fine or like the way it chen Chen had both
hook fine or hookie branches. I kind of like that
(20:21):
hooky branches. Other names include cat's claw, which may be
confusing applies to another species so I wouldn't use cat's
claw necessarily in this because it usually means it's an
on carria, but it's a different species of on carria
used more in South America fish hook fine, then go
teg schwango schwang go tang schwang go go, and in
(20:47):
Japanese coto, and in Korean kudoon. Again, I don't pronounce
Chinese very well, but at least I have some experience.
I have none with Japanese in Korean. Talk about that
Rubiasier family real quick, Rubyassier or matter family consists of
six hundred and eleven genera and over thirteen thousand, one
(21:08):
hundred and fifty species. I'm actually a little bit concerned. No,
this is all correct. They are herb shrugs and trees,
mostly in tropical areas. Actually, yep. They have opposing leaves
with stipules or in walls with unbroken leaf margins and
leaf like appendages at the base of the leaf stalks.
(21:30):
Leaves usually are large and evergreen and tropical species deciduous
and temperate species, and needle like or scale like in
different species. Sorry, I'm gonna just check out one thing
real quick here. Make sure I didn't make a mistake here,
because I feel like there's a typo here that I
(21:51):
need to be worried about. That is it okay? The
plants may very single flower or many small flowers clustered together.
Fruits maybe berries, droops, capsules, or schizocarps, which are dry
fruits that split into segments of a single seed. The
coffee coining epicac, cradum, and gambier used in tan and
(22:14):
all canning all come from or are extracts from members
of this family, and many are also common ornamentals. Back
to our herb, go teg Benski. Remember we have three
major textbooks and they all have this. This is, like
I said, a quite common herb. So Benski says, the
(22:35):
dos is just six to fifteen grams of Both chen
Chin and Brown Wiseman say the dose is ten to
fifteen grams. All three sources say prolonged heat can damage
its properties and it should not be decocted for more
than twenty minutes. So one of them, Brann Wiseman said,
I think said add it towards the end of the decoction.
(22:56):
The category of this herb, according to Benzk, he and
their team put this urban and substances that extinguish win
and stopped Tremor's category. Chen and Chen say it's in
the liver commune and wind extinguishing herbs category, and Brandon
Wiseman actually has it in a subcary. It says it's
in the wind extinguishing Tenny relieving medicinal subcategory of the
(23:19):
liver commune and wind extinguishing Medicinals category, So they're a
little bit more specific about this herb. All three of
our sources say it is sweet and enters the liver
and pericardium channels. Both Benski and his team in Brandon
Wiseman state is slightly cold. Well, Chen and Chen say
it is cool. Essentially, these all mean the same thing.
(23:42):
You know, what's the difference between slightly cold and cool.
I don't think there's much of a difference. There a
slightly different terminology here. History of this herb both Benski
and Chen Chen Punskin and his team and Chen Chen.
So the original source for this herb is miscellaneous records
of famous physicians, or the ming Yi bei lu has
(24:04):
described in Benski, or the ming Yi Zaju as listed
in Chen Chin. In other words, the English translation was
the same in both books, but they had different Chinese
in them, and that happens sometimes with Chinese books, So
I don't think that's a huge discrepancy. But it's interesting
that it's in these books. But they both agree it
was written around five hundred. See they all said circa
(24:26):
five hundred, so around five hundred CE. So it's an
older book, but not our oldest on single herbs. So
let's talk about this category again. Benski has great introductions
to these categories and they and Benski and his team
says wind a pathogenic influence has both exterior and interior manifestations.
(24:51):
The substance in this category are Substances in this category
are used for treating wind in the interior, also known
as internal string of wind. Interior wind usually results from
pathogenic changes in the functions of the organs, principally the
liver and kidneys. It can arise from yen deficiency of
the liver in kidneys, ascendant livery young blood deficiency, and
(25:13):
high fevers. Internal stirring of liver wind is usually caused
by yin deficiency of the liver and kidneys or ascendant
liver young manifestations. Manifestations include headache, dizziness, blurred vision, tenitis
that's the ringing in the ears, and in severe cases, irritability, vomiting,
(25:34):
palpitations with anxiety, and muscle twitches. Treatment is directed at
nourishing the liver and kidney yen, calming the liver, and
extinguishing the wind. The progression of this pattern, which includes tremors,
tonic chronic spasms of the extremities, sudden loss of consciousness,
facial paralysis, hemiplegia, aphasia, and similar problems, it is called
(25:58):
windstroke or jeanung fung. In treating these problems, substances are
used that extinguish the wind, stop the tremors, and transform
the phlegm. These substances are thought to improve the circulation
and hasten the recovery of nerve tissue. Extreme heat that
produces wind is manifested in convulsions or episto pistotonos due
(26:22):
to high fever. If you've never seen a pistotonos, that's
like an arching of the back stiffening of the body
as a pistos. Since it's usually quite serious of an issue,
this pattern is called childhood convulsions are fung literally fright wind.
It can occur in any disease with high fever, as
(26:44):
well as infections of the central nervous system. In treating
this pattern, substances which clear the heart, clear the heat,
and stop the convulsions are used. Blood deficiency that produces
wind is characterized by dizziness, blurred vision, to nitis, in
numb extremities or paresthesias. In severe cases, it can present
as convulsions or loss of consciousness. And treating this patterned
(27:06):
substances which extinguish the wind are added to those that
nourish the blood. That was our introduction to this category. Again.
If you have any questions, feel free to mute yourself
or putting in the chapbox. Have it answer any questions.
Let's talk about good quality of the SRB. Benski and
(27:28):
their teams say good quality has solid anchor shaped twin
hooks and a small number of thin stems without hooks.
The surface should be purplish brown or reddish brown and glossy.
We have another book called the Chinese Medicinal Identification and
Illustrated Approach by Joh and Chen, which is all about
(27:48):
good quality. So they say Goteng has a cylindrical or
semi rectangular columnar shape and a hard impliable texture and
a fibrous cortepe excuse me, a fibrous cortex. There's no odor,
and the taste is quote pale. I don't know what
a pale taste is. Where they say it's a pale taste.
(28:10):
Superior medicinal material has double hooks and thin stems. The
hooks are firm, and the medicinal material smooth, tender, and
purplish red. So what does this serve do Chinese medical actions?
According to Benski and his team, Goatang extinguishes wind, alleviates
spasms for patterns of liver heat with internal string of
(28:33):
liver wind with such symptoms as tremors, seizures, and a clampsia.
It also drains liver heat and pacifies liver young for
liver fire and ascendent liver young patterns with such symptoms
as headache, irritability, red eyes, and dizziness recently used for hypertension,
especially of this type. And finally, it releases the exterior
(28:57):
for exterior wind heat patterns with such mptoms it's fever, headache,
and red eyes. Tren and Chen say it extinguishes wind
and alleviates spasms, and it does this from two sources
of one of those is liver wind. Actually, it says,
liver win is the big issue here. Go teng brandlessnkia
(29:17):
komuansus is essential in extinguishing wind and sedating fire for stroke.
Liver wind in combination with phlegm may result in sudden stroke, fainting,
facial paralysis, hemipleasia, or loss of the ability to speak.
It also clears heat and pacifies livery young. Rising liver
(29:39):
young can result in headache, feelings of distension in the head, dizziness,
vertigo and hypertension, tinidis insomnia, heavy headed sensations, and involuntary
muscle twitching. Brandon Wiseman say it extinguishes wind and checks
tetany and clear he calms the liver. They also say,
(30:02):
in recent years, Go teng has been used extensively in
the treatment of hypertension again hypertension hypertension, not surprisingly because
Eric brand is one of the editors The Chinese Medicinal
Identification Illustrated approach very similarly says goteg extinguishes when and
relieves tenney and clears. He in calms the liver. Preparation
(30:28):
so Benski at All discusses preparation for this herb. Young
tender stocks called tender Uncarria vine or nengo teg are favored.
The hooks may be single or double. The double hooks
are preferred and are known as paired Uncarria vine or
schwang go teng. When the stocks are removed and only
(30:48):
the hooks themselves are used, it is called uncarria hooks
or go go here again. The double hooks are considered
best and are known as paired Uncarria hooks or schwang
go go paired Uncarrie shwango tender on Karia hooks, then
go or clean on Carria hooks jinguo goo jing go
(31:08):
go okay a lot of go go. Although the actions
of the vine and hooks are the same, the hooks
are believed to have more concentrated aroma and more powerful
therapeutic effects. Treasury of words on the material medica are
the bensal hue Yan by Ni Jumo, written in the
Ming dynasty, which went from thirteen sixty eight to sixteen
(31:29):
forty four, advises removing the stocks and using only the
tender hooks. The effect increases ten times in power. There
you go Western uses. The PDR for herbal medicines discusses
gambier as a traditional herb used in the West. It
says it is a stringent because of its tannins, which
(31:52):
are also said to have antibacterial analogous sidal effects. In
other words, they help algae. It has antibacterial anti anti
bacteria and algacytal anti algae effects. It's flabinoid fraction is
said to be hepatoprotective, in other words, it helps the
liver protects the liver. Unproven uses include treatment of diarrhea
(32:15):
and nausea and gastrointestinal disturbance as a tincture, while decoction
is said to treat peptic ulcers and ulcers of the
oral lucosa and asthma. So interesting, very different uses. All right,
let's give you some commentary on this herb again. Benski
(32:35):
does a great Jobsky in this team does a great
job has an excellent commentary on this herb. On Carriamulus
komonsis goateeg is sweet, slightly cold, and enters the liver
and pericardium channels. The liver governs wind, in the pericardium
governs fire wind and fire can provoke each other to
cause such disorders as childhood convulsions, dizziness, and headaches. Because
(32:59):
this serb is light clearing and cooling, not only draining
fire but also settling wind, it can treat such patterns
as extreme heat generating convulsions and liver channel heat, or
as sentent liver young leading to dizziness, headache, and red eyes.
Is particularly appropriate for childhood convulsions because of its light
(33:22):
clearing and draining nature. It is also used for externally
contracted headache and red eyes, or for spots and rashes
that fail to surface. Treasury of Words in the Material
Medica states that it is swift and sharp by nature.
In an instant it can expel wind, phlegm, open blocked chi,
or quiet down childhood convulsions. However, if decoctive for long,
(33:45):
it has no power. After the other herbs have boiled sufficiently,
put it in and immediately lift the pop from the
stove so it will be at its strongest. Chen Sure
Dwoe warns that it should be used with an eye
to treating the root of the condition, explaining a new
compilation of Material America that the ben cel Hinbienn in
(34:06):
sixteen ninety four that it very quickly eliminates wind. It
must be used for internal wind patterns. However, the generation
of wind fire is usually caused by insufficiency of kidney water,
which leads to dryness of wood and fire blazing. Using
a little bit of goat tang among herbs that tonify
the yend readily disperses the wind fire. If one does
(34:28):
not tonify the end and only uses go teg to
eliminate wind and disperse fire, the wind will not be
extinguished and the fire will flare even more. In rectification
of the Medium Material Medica, the early twentieth century writer
Jean Sean Lay says that it was considered an excellent
(34:50):
herb for children in the earlier material Medica texts, and
that it is in fact quite well suited for this
by nature. It is light and clearing, with a sweet
cold nature that is most appropriate for constitutions with the
not yet filled childish yin and the readily exuberant childish yong.
He goes on to explain its ability to treat childhood convulsions.
(35:12):
The reason that it can treat convulsions is that seizure
disorder is in the illness caused by liver blazing and
generating wind, she and fire blazing upward and surging into
the neurons of the brain. The substance is light and
weight clearing and cooling, able to drain fire and also
to settle wind. Chen and Chen also have an interesting
(35:35):
comedy most which we'll be discussed under comparisons. Goteng has
a sedative function but is but not a tranquilizing ones
that's really interesting distinguished. It helps to calm the shen
or spirit, but does not treat insomnia. Interesting all right.
Comparisons with other herbs, so Besky compares the sort of
(35:58):
two others. The first is chrisanne aanthemy floss or juhua.
Both herbs calm the liver and disperse pathogenic wind heat,
and both are used for patterns such as wind fire
is sending along the liver channel to cause headache and dizziness,
or for externally contracted diseases leading to headache and red eyes.
How regating primarily extinguishes wind and stops seizures, while chrysanthemy
(36:21):
flashed chihua inclines to a dispersing wind and draining heat.
The other urban benskis at All's texts is saigae to
tara que cornu or lean young jow not herb. I'm
particularly familiar with both herbs calm the liver, extinguish wind,
(36:42):
clear heat, and subtle convulsions and jitteriness. They are often
combined in patterns of excessive heats strain up wind and
causing convulsions, or in patterns of heat in the liver
channel with the sending liver young leading to headaches and
reddened eyes with dizziness. However, sege to corneling young joo,
(37:02):
being salty and cold, enters the blood level to cool
the liver and extinguish wind. It has a strong ability
to clear heat from the blood and resolve toxicity, and
thus it is also used for heat in the blood
with overwhelming toxicity leading to rashes, or for measles sinking internally.
Go Tang, by contrast, is light and weight, clears dredges
(37:26):
and drains, and is thus also used for externally contracted
headache and red eyes, or for spots and rashes failing
to emerge. Tenchin also compares go teg with some other herbs.
Go Tang and rendong Tang collius lenisra both treat wind.
(37:48):
Gotang is stronger in treating twitching and spasms caused by
liver wind and liver heat. Well rendong tang leaves pain
to the wind heat in the channels and collaterals. Go
tang in tianm Australia, which are often used together, both
pacify the liver, extinguish wind, and cheat twitching, spasms, convulsions,
(38:09):
dizziness and headaches caused by liver wind, and as I mentioned,
these nerves are frequently used together in clinical settings. Goatang
is cold and has a stronger effect to extinguish liver
wind by clearing rising liver young. It's often used for
liver winds secondary to rising liver young in cases such
as convulsions with high fever. Tienma is neutral and rich
(38:32):
in oil. It does not clear heat as strongly as goatang,
but it is stronger in relieving pain as the oil
moistens dryness and helps to extinguish wind. It is more
commonly used to stop pain associated with headache, vertigo, twitching
and spasms caused by liver wind, and this is also
(38:58):
used in combination. Benski actually has it combiness are with
many others for specific conditions. Despite not having its usual
subheading of combinations. Since there are a lot of these,
there isn't the usual excellent explanation of how the combination works.
We will not go into them today. There's just a
lot of them and very specific and not a lot
(39:18):
of explanations. So it's like, for this condition, use go
tang with these two herbs, and that's all I would say.
It doesn't explain why they work, so we're gonna give it.
There's too many for us to talk about anyway, so
we don't have a pretty jam pack full podcast today.
And both chen Chen and Brand and Wiseman similarly discussed
quite a few specific combinations without a lot of commentary.
(39:40):
So well, there's lots of combinations. I just I didn't
think there was a lot for us to bring up here.
But again, just chen Chen has just mentioned in a
comparison to discusses the important combination of go tang, and
that's a very common fact. There's a whole form of
go teg t mo tongue, which is those two herbs
I think with other herbs. I'm sure with other but
(40:02):
that's a common combination. And we did discuss that combination
a little bit with the comparison contents. According to Benski
and his team, the contents of the serb include many
alkaloids and flavonoids, which differ slightly depending on which specific
species we are discussing. The alkaloids Rinko feeling and isorinko
(40:26):
fhiling seem to be important components of the serb. Remember
that is this the kind of the main species. Standard
species is on karia, rinkofheling or rinkophilia. And so whenever
you see that, you know chemicals named after the species
that often is an important determination of that species and
(40:48):
probably plays a role at least for us Medicinally, shen
Chen also had the fallen constituents. And of course I
had to do this to myself, So please bear with
me as I tried to pronunciate, pronounce all these crino, crene, noxiene, isocarine, noxiene, corey, nanthine,
(41:11):
anthin en, dihydrochre, corinthanthen her sutine, hersutine, hyperine, and trifolin. Okay,
my best science. According to Chin and Chin, the pharmacological
effects of goateeg include being an anti hypertensive. It's shown
(41:34):
in a human stay with two hundred and forty five subjects.
That's a pretty good sized study. Central nervous system suppressant
based on a mice study. Eh, that doesn't mean it
does anything in humans. Anti seizure in guinea pigs and
in rats when combined with tanm okay. We you know,
from a Chinese perspective, we know it's anti seizure, but
(41:55):
I'm not I'm not saying give me a pig and rat. Again.
Animal research is good to point us in a direction
for us to do human research, but animals and humans
are not the same, and so you can't take an
animal study and say this is how it's going to
work in humans. It has to be tested. It's a
(42:15):
uterine suppressed again based on a rat study. And another
study they talked about was an herbal decoction of several
herbs including goteng chuan twi which is the locusts shells,
and boha or field mint was helpful for treating infantile
(42:36):
night crying. The end here was eighteen. There's only eighteen
subjects in this study, which means it's not statistically valid.
You at least thirty to forty to run appropriate population statistics,
So anything less than that is not considered statistically valid,
but it's an interesting sort of thing. It's hard to
get by the way, it's really hard to get infants
on a study. You know, that's just not something that
(42:57):
we do much in the West. So it's because of
their It comes down to that they're compromised subjects. You know,
they can't speak for themselves, so we tend to avoid
doing studies on those if we If we can, we
do observational studies, but we can't set up research studies
like this would be so anyways, interesting study talk about
(43:20):
drug herb interactions. There are a couple low evidence interactions
involving in this herb, but they remain theoretical. It may
potentiate antiquaglant and anti playlt effects and should be used
with caution and patients taking antiquaglant and anti playld agents
from balytic agents and low molecular weight heparins. And it
may reverse caffeines stimulating effects. Both of these were D
(43:43):
level evidence, lowest level of evidence. Take them with a
grain of salt. They're there. Usually I like to look
at the American Herbal Products Associations Botanical Safety hambook, which
usually is has most of the herbs that we talk
about and is really a great source. But it has
entries on two different Oncaria species, but neither of them
(44:04):
appears to be go tang. So they had a totally
different Chinese name than I've seen before for one of
the species. The other one had no Chinese name at all,
and they're usually really good with their Chinese names. Gardner
mccaff and the oppa's botanical safety habook so I kind
(44:24):
of said neither of the two Oncaria species was this one,
so they didn't really have an entry on this ru
In other words, there are some concerns. Benski and his
team note several concerns with go tang. Under the heading
of cautions and contra indications, they say used with caution
(44:48):
in the absence of wind, heat, or heat from excess.
Under the heading of traditional contra indications, they say its
nature is somewhat cold, should not be taken by those
without fire because it is light raising and enters the
liver and may incite liver young to rise up and
(45:10):
rising carry with it turbid pathogens to cloud the clear orifice.
And it comes from harm and benefit in the material America.
At the Ben Saw highly by On Kwan written in
eighteen ninety three, and they have a quote from another book.
Deficient patients should not consume it. And it is as
(45:31):
it is most capable of pilfering the chi and this
is written in the new compilation of Material America or
the ben Cu Sheen Bien written in sixteen ninety four.
Neither chen Chen nor brann Wiseman has significant cautions regarding
the serruve. And as we mentioned, the American Urbal Prauxte
Association Botanical Safety HAVOC does not have an entry on
(45:51):
the syrup. So not a lot of other cautions for
us to consider here, okay, And with that we're going
towards the end here. So in summary, we started today
by looking at three very important macrominerals, sodium, chloride and magnesium.
We looked at the about chemistry and the supplementation and
(46:13):
the Chinese medicine of these three macro minerals. Then we
looked at the Chinese herb Go teng on carrioamulus comunsis
around Carria. We saw how useful this herb is in
treating wind and liver heat from a Chinese perspective, and
spasms and convulsions and especially hypertension from a more biomedical perspective,
(46:37):
and we spent a good amount of time discussing the intricacies,
including preparations, cautions, and comparisons to other herbs. And with
that we include another exploration of a very useful Chinese herb.
In our next episode, we will be looking at another
herb of the world, in this case Boswelia serrata or
(47:00):
Indian frankincense. This herb nourishes the heart, enriches you in,
and calms the spirit. As always, we will do our
deep dive into this herb and look at its traditional uses,
in its preparation, interactions and cautions, and as usual, we
will be adding something a little different. It's going to
(47:22):
be another interesting expedition into the lesser known universe of herbs.
Please join us. It's gonna be good. And I like
to thank you very much for listening to this podcast.
If you like this podcast, please do us a huge
favorite subscribe in your favorite podcast. You don't know how
much that helps us, and we really do appreciate and
(47:43):
we thank you in advance, even just for considering doing so.
And you can get this course as continuing education and
get more info on my upcoming integrative nutrition series at
www dot Integrative Medicine Council dot org. And you can
always get in touch with me at doctor Greg at
Sperbserbs dot com or at our website www dot Sperbserbs
(48:07):
dot com. That's s P E r B s H
E r b s dot com. And you know, I
don't mention it, but you know you might think there's
some really strange colors. A lot of you on the
podcast don't see this, but when I do a presentation
(48:28):
of this, there's a picture of the herb on the
first page. It has a bunch of weird colors behind it.
And I've created this whole code of colors that talk
about the taste, the temperature, and what organ what what
meridians it enters, and so that's what that color code
is about. And here I have a slide that just
says what all the different color codes are. I don't
(48:50):
usually discuss it, but there it is in case you're interested.
They're kind of ugly, but there's some sense to it,
and as usual of a good bibliography. And I appreciate
you guys being here today. Thank you very much. Further
(49:13):
the proceeding was presented by doctor Greg Sperber. We would
like to thank Janelle for allers support and everybody else
who contributed to this program. Roger Campbell
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