May 27, 2025 • 50 mins
This episode will be exploring another interesting Chinese herb: niú bàng zǐ, Arctii Fructus, or great burdock fruit. This herb is in the Chinese medical subcategory of cool, acrid herbs that release the exterior under the category of release the exterior herbs. It is helpful for certain types of colds, sore throats, and, as a seed, can help constipation. And as always, we will look at something a little different…we are going to take a brief look at some basic botany. Each episode of the podcast will go into great depth about a single herb or formula. Besides covering the basics of herbology including category, and functions, we will explore the history, quality, science, pharmacology, evidence, and any potential interactions of each herb or formula. Please join us as we look at niú bàng zǐ, Arctii Fructus, or great burdock fruit. Please take the red pill and join us in learning about this fascinating herb!
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Episode Transcript
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Speaker 1 (00:03):
Angelic sper Hello and welcome to episode eighty five of
Sperbs Herbs. Today we are going to be discussing Yo
bong ze also known as Artii fruittus or great burdock fruit. So,
without further ado, let's get into it. Today we're gonna
(00:29):
be looking at another single Chinese herb, and as we mentioned,
that's Neo Bongza arcti fruitus or great burdock fruit. This
herb is in the Chinese medical subcategory of cool acrid
herbs that release the exterior under the category of release
the exterior herbs. It is helpful for certain types of colds,
(00:52):
sore throats, and as a seed can help constipation. And
as always, we will be looking at something a little different.
We're going to take a brief look at some basic botany.
Please stay tuned for this intriguing episode. Before we get
into it, I just want to remind everybody that I've
been teaching for quite a while now on a wide
(01:13):
variety of topics. If you like this podcast want to
explore more of my courses, they are available at www
dot Integrative Medicine Council Council dot org. That's integrated Medicine
Council dot org and include a ton of different topics,
including my Drug Herb series looking at drugs and how
they interact with herbs and vice versa, several ethics and
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safety courses, Chinese medical research, several treatment of condition courses
such as arthritis, neck and backpaining, COVID and depression anxiety.
One of my favorite courses, the Chinese Herbal First Aid Kit.
Can't recommend that one highly enough, and they're all at
a reasonable cost, and you can get an additional twenty
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(01:58):
sh ver sperbs rbs SAH two zero off o f
f all lower case. So I feel like I never
got a good knowledge of plants from my herbal studies.
I mean, I've learned something. I remember in high school biology,
I learned something about plants. But you know, even though
(02:20):
my undergraduate was biology, we did more about microorganisms and
humans than we did about plants. So I didn't do
a lot of that in my undergraduate biology degree. So
I and you know, we deal with herbs, and you
would think we would spend some time going with some
basic botany, and never really did. So I wanted to
(02:42):
cover the basics of botany and plant biology. So we're
going to do that now. So plants are multi cellular
U carry outs. So multicellular means many cells. You carry
outs mean they actually have nuclei. You means true carry
out means nuclear organism that carries a nucleus, So it's
(03:03):
a true organism carrying nucleus as opposed to procarryouts that
do not have nuclei. So they do have nuclei at
its most base in nuclei of the cells for what
we're talking about there as most basic vascular plants are
composed of two different organ systems, the shoot system and
the root system. The shoot system involves the non reproductive
(03:27):
or vegetative parts of the plant and the reproductive parts.
Non reproductive parts of the plant include leaves and stems.
Reproductive parts include flowers and fruits. The root system absorbs
water and minerals, supports the plant, and is usually underground.
(03:48):
There are two general types of tissue systems, maristematic and
permanent or non meristematic tissues. Maristematic tissues are found in marrastems,
which are regions of the plant where there is continuous
cell division. And growth. Permanent tissue are where plant cells
are no longer actively dividing or growing. There are three
(04:09):
types of maristematic tissues. Growing types. Apical marrastems are located
at the tips of stems and roots and allow the
plant to extend its length. Lateral marrestems allow growth in thickness.
Intercalorie marry stems are located only in monocots basically grasses,
(04:30):
and are located at the base of leaf blades and
nodes or leaves attached to a stem, and allow length
increase from the leaf base. Basically, marrastems are similar to
human stem cells in that they differentiate into different plant tissues.
There are three types of tissues. Marrowstems can differentiate into
(04:52):
and then become permanent tissue. Dermal tissue protects and covers
the plant. Vascular tissues us to transport water and other
important constituents, such as minerals and sugars, to various parts
of the plant. Ground tissue is used for several purposes,
including as a site for photosynthesis, storing sugars and water,
(05:13):
and supporting vascular tissue. Vascular tissue helps make up two
different conducting systems Xylum transports water and nutrients from the
roots to other parts of the plants. Flowam transports sugars
in organic compounds from the sites of photosynthesis to other
parts of the plant. Often think of them as kind
(05:35):
of similar to veins and arteries and humans. You know,
one goes out from the heart, one goes towards the
heart to a little stet Stems are part of the
shoot system and usually grow above ground. They can be
soft or herbaceous or woody. Soft also known as herbaceous
(05:57):
or woody, so they can be softer, woody, or yeah.
They provide support to the plant hold leaves, flowers, and buds,
transports various nutrients and compounds, as well as store food
for the plant. Stems have nodes or leaves. Flowers and
aerial roots attach and internodes which are between these nodes.
(06:17):
The stocks that attach to these nodes at one end
and a leaf at the other are called petioles. An
axillary bud can be where a branch or flower rises
and is located on the axle, which is between the
base of a leaf and the stem. For those of
you that are observing, I have a picture of these,
(06:40):
but we're moving on. There are two main types of
root systems. Diecots have a taproot system, where monocots have
monocots have a fibrous root system. Tap root systems have
a main root that grows down vertically with many smaller
lateral roots. They can penetrate deep into the soil. Root
(07:00):
systems are closer to the soil surface and form a
dense network of roots. These can help prevent soil erosion.
Some plants can have both tap and fibrous roots. In general,
plants growing in drier regions have deep root systems and
vice versa, so those in wetter regions will have more
of the of the fibrous roots systems. Leaves are where
(07:26):
photosynthesis how plants make food from carbon dioxide CO two
and light occurs. They're usually green through the presence of
chlorophyll in the leaf cells from the petiole. Remember that's
the leaf stem kind of which may between the node
and the leaf, which may or may not be present.
(07:46):
The leaf blade is called the lamina. If there is
no petiole and the leaf is directly attached to the stem,
it is called the seasile leaf. Most leaves have a
midrib which travels the entire length of the leaf up
to its tip and has branches of veins that extend
to the edges of the leaf, which is also called
the margin, which is called the margin. Leaves can have
(08:13):
different arrangements and forms. The arrangement of leaves on a
stem is called philotaxi, and there are three main types.
An alternate leaf pattern is only one leaf per node,
which will alternate on each side of the stem in
a flat plane, so one of them will be on
the left, the next one will be on the right,
and the next one on the left that it goes
(08:34):
back and forth. A spiral patterns where the leaves are
arrayed spirally along the stem. And opposite leaf patterns where
two leaves start from the same node and are opposite
to each other. So instead of the alternate leaf plante
where's one left one and the right one and left
one and the right, this one is they're both left right,
both left right, both left right. If there are three
(08:54):
or more leaves connected to a node, it is called
a world pattern a world O W H O R
L E D pattern. There are basic two basic forms
of leaves. Simple leaves is where are where the bleed
excuse me, The blade of the leaf is undivided are
(09:17):
where or when there are lobes, but the separation does
not reach the mid rib. Remember see the mid rib
is going down the middle of the leaf. A compound
leaf is where the blade is completely divided, forming leaflets,
and each leaflet may have their own stock, but is
attached to the rattetus or main axis. And there are
(09:38):
several types of compound leaves. A Palmately compound leaf has
leaflets ready out from one point. Pinately compound leaves have
a feather like appearance where the leaflets are arranged around
along the mid rib. Doubly compound leaves are where the
leaflets branch from the veins. Kind of need to see
(09:58):
pictures of these and I you have those, but that
doesn't help in a podcast, all right, So with that
introduction to botany, let's get into today's herb Neo bong Za,
Yeo bong ze or Arcti frucitus. This is the family Astroossia. Again,
we've we've looked at this family. We've had several herbs
(10:20):
in the family of Astorosia, so we'll look at that
again as a family just a little bit. Standard species
is Arctium lappa l a p p A. And you
know we said rti fruitus, and now we're saying ARTM
rti is plural and ARTM is singular, so it's the
same just once plural one singular, So ARTM lapa L.
(10:43):
So again L refers to Linnaeus, which was kind of
the first botanist biologist that started classifying everything leaves and
animals into species. And he's the one who came up
with binomial nomenclature, which is what we use. That's the
Arctium lapa is called binomial nomenclature, so he decided that.
(11:06):
So that's where they all comes from. Refers to the
botanists who first classify this. This is classified early medicinal.
Part of this is the fruit or seed. You see
that in different place like arctai fruititus means fruit, so
this they're referring to it as the fruit. On the
other hand, you know, the seed is considered part of
(11:26):
the fruit as well, and these are very seedy. The
fruit is the seed, so those are basically synonyms in
this case fruit and seed. The English translation of neo
bongsa is cattle burdock, so that's where we said that.
This is also known as a great burdock seed, so
(11:47):
that's where it comes from. Cattle. We're gonna see why
it may have cattle in just minut instead. So their
names for this are barbana, beggars, buttons, burr seed, clop
berr cockle buttons, cockle, burr's clote, great burr, happy major
hard dooc harber Lappa that's hair as an h a
r e as a buddy, So harber lappa love leaves,
(12:11):
per personata, philanthropium. I love that word, philanthropium, thorny berr
da Lidze which is great power seed, Guangliedza, which is
Manchurian power seed, ja leads judgeang power seed considered the
best quality usher Lao moudjr Lao mu ju er d woe.
(12:36):
That's a that's a long Chinese name there, uh Lao
shu pa and the Nien song song ze Yo dali
yoze shu Nianza Sunnienza and in Japanese goboshi goboshi and
(12:56):
in Korean ubang ja aga. And I don't know how
to pronounce Japanese or Creans, so please forgive my pronunciations.
End of the Chinese two Benski, one of our main
texts for individual herbs discusses several names of this herb.
As a very broadly distributed plant, it's leaves and root
were common flodder for cattle, and it was thus known
(13:17):
as cattle vegetables neo sai or cattle burdock Neo bong
zim means seeds. That's where we see this, though because
cattle are strong, it seeds became known as great power
seeds or do lead ze. Seed pods are prickly intended
to stick annoyingly to clothing and even to rats. For
(13:39):
thus noxious fruit, a sure and rat adhering seed, shoe, nianza,
or other nicknames that are quite common in ancient texts,
especially the latter's interesting discussion on the different names. Let's
talk about the Astrossier family. So, according to Britannic, the
(14:00):
astroosse a family also called composite is commonly known as
the aster daisy or composite family of the flowering plant
order Asteralis. It includes more than one thousand, six hundred
and twenty genera and twenty three thousand, six hundred species
of herbs, shrubs, and trees distributed throughout the world. Is
(14:21):
one of the largest plant families in existence. There are
many well known plants in this family, including many garden
ornamentals weeds including dandelion, ragweed, and thistle. Food crops such
as lettuce, artichokes, saftflower, sunflower, and endive and we discussed
and as we discussed in episode nine, artemies or wormwood
(14:43):
and in episode fifty one, sunerdso or Xanthium are all
part of this family. Members of the family have flower
heads composed of many small flowers called florets. They are
surrounded by bracts or leaflike structures. Bell shaped disc florets
form the center of each head. Strap shaped ray florets
(15:05):
extend out like petals from the center and are sometimes
reflexed or bent back. Another interesting article agreed with this
overview and looked at how this family plays a role
in human health, including antioxidant, anti inflammatory, and anti microbial
activity as well as diuretic and wound healing properties of
(15:27):
the families. So that's interesting. We don't usually see that
in families. So that's a good overview of the family.
Let's talk about more about this herb so ben Ski
and his team say the dosage is sixteen to twelve
grams chen chen, which is another one of our three
major textbooks are say three to ten grams with a
(15:50):
maximum of thirty grams, and Bran Wiseman, our third of
our three major textbooks, also say the dose is three
to ten grams, so they're similar. So he says six
to twelve so maybe a little bit higher dose, while
both Chen and Chen and Brown Wiseman both say the
doses three to ten grams, but it can go up
to thirty. According to chen Chen category, Benski and his
(16:14):
team put this herb in the cool acrid herbs that
release the exterior subcategory under herbs that release the exterior,
chan Chen say it is in the wind heat releasing
herbs subcategory under the exter releasing herbs counter so similar,
same thing. Instead of saying this is a cool acrid
herb that releases the exterior, Chen and Chen says it
releases wind heats. It's more on So Benski is more
(16:38):
on the actions of the herb, and chen Chen is
more on I mean sorry, it's on the inherent Benski
is more on the inherent properties of the herb. Well,
chan Chen is more on the actions of the herb.
So when he releasing as opposed to cool acrid, and
Bran Wiseman say it is a cool acrid exture resolving
medicinal under the exter resolving medicinals category. All three of
(17:01):
our sources. This is very unusual that all three completely agree.
All three of our sources say it is acrid, bitter
and cold and enters the lung and stomach channel, so
there's no discrepancies. No one said anything different, so that's
very rare historically, both again agreement. Ben Ski and Chen
(17:21):
Chen agree on the original source for this herb, which
is the miscellaneous records of famous physicians or the ming
Yi Zaju or also known as the Mingi Bielu Biahlu
by Tao Thou hong Jing circle five hundred CE. So
pretty old. Not as old as if it were from
(17:42):
the Shandong ben sau Jing, which a lot of our
herbs are, but pretty old just the same. So let's
let's get into what the categories are. So we have
now discussed this category and subcatego verbs several times turning
adventures examining Chinese herbs, and will repeat that information here
(18:02):
just for the sake of completeness. Apologize if you've heard
this before. It's only in a few minutes. According to
Benski and his team, Exterior releasing herbs are those that
release disorders lodged in the very superficial levels of the body.
When external pathogenic factors include wind, heat, when cold, when
damness in summer heat invade the body they first attacked
(18:24):
superficial exterior aspects. Symptoms associated with the exterior then appear chills, fever, headache,
stiff neck, and general muscle aches. Sometimes sweating will appear,
which resolves the condition, which case no treatment is necessary.
At other times, however, there will be an absence of sweating,
(18:45):
or even though there is sweating, it is not accompanied
by any change in the condition. At this juncture, herbs
that release the exterior are used. Most exterior releasing herbs
are diaphoretics that as they release or expel the external
pathogenic influences through sweating. There is a saying in Chinese medicine.
When the diseases in the skin, sweating will bring it out.
(19:09):
When a disease progresses slightly further into the body, it
is said to lodge in the muscled layer. The clinical
presentation that includes fever, general body aches, and profuse sweating
At this stage, especially when the patient is sweated without
any beneficial change in their condition, it is appropriate to
use the subset of herbs that release the muscle layer.
The most prominent member of this group is Cinemamon ramulus
(19:30):
or guade jure. Some of the herbs that release the
exterior have additional functions stopping coughs and wheezing, controlling pain
or spasms, inventing rashes such as measles. So that was
the herbs that release six sterere. This is in the
subcategory of cool acrid herbs that release six stereer. So
Benski continues to discuss this subcategory of herbs and says
(19:54):
cool acrid herbs are used in treating wind heat patterns
with such such symptoms as relatively severe fever with mild
chills in sore throat. Some of these substances are also
effective inventing rashes or treeing eye problems due to wind heat. Okay,
(20:14):
so that was an overview of the category. Let's get
back to the herb. What is good quality of the
herbs of Benski and his teams say good quality consists
of large and full grains with a grayish brown outer surface.
Chinese medicinal identification and illustrated approach, which is about quality
of herbs. Says Neo. Bongsa has a long inverted egg shape,
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slightly flat, slightly curved, externally grayish brown with purplish black spots.
It has a relatively hard and oily skin with a
faint odor and a bitter taste, with a slightly acrid
aftertaste and a slightly numbing effect to the tongue. Superior
quality is large full pieces with an obvious pattern of
(21:02):
spots and a grayish brown color. What are its Chinese
medical actions? According to Bensky and his team, the Bongza
disperses when heat and benefits the throat for externally contracted
wind heat patterns with such symptoms as fever, cough, and
a sore, red swollen throat. It resolves toxicity, invents rashes
(21:25):
for red swellings, carbuncles, aerythemas, mumps, and acute febrile maculo
popular rashes including the early stages of measles, or when
there is incomplete expression of the rash. Also used for
puratic puridic rashes due to wind heat, so puridic means
itchy rash is due to wind heat, and finally it
moistens the intestines as seeds do in Chinese mess and
(21:48):
it moistens the intestines for externally contracted toxins with such
symptoms as sore throat erythema, and maculo popular rashes, but
where there is also internal heat causing constipation. Also used
for constipation that occurs with other forms of toxicity such
as acne. So that was Benski and his team. Chen
(22:13):
say it dispels wind and clears heat, eliminates toxins, invents rashes,
and finally it clears heat and eliminates toxins from the throat.
Brandon Wiseman say it disperses wind heat and disinhibits the throat,
outthrusts papules and resolves toxin and disperses swelling. Our text
(22:36):
Chinese Medicinal Identification illustrator approach also has functions for this,
and say it disperses wind heat, diffuses the lung and
outthrusts rashes, resolves toxin and benefits the throat. So again
we're getting some throat stuff in here as well. Okay,
(23:00):
that was an overview of its of its actions. How
do we prepare this herb. So all three of our
main texts say this herb should be crushed before decocting
to kind of open it up. Benski and his team
has a discussion of two special preparations. The first of
these is dry fried arctium or chow neobangza fry until
(23:21):
popping and yellow. It has an appetizing aroma that emerges
upon grinding. Drying tends to somewhat reduce its cold slippery
properties so that it does not injure the middle burner
yang chi. For example, an elderly or weaker patients processed arctium,
(23:44):
is this not going there? We go jur neobangsa or
cooked arctium shoe neo bongsa. Both names are commonly used
when this herb is fried or steamed with wine. The
process borrows the rising action of the wine encountering the
sources of the classical material medica or the Benging fung
yuon right in sixteen seventy observes wine frying raises it,
(24:09):
enabling it to roam all twelve channels, expel wind from
the skin, and eliminate toxic rashes. So those are our
two forms of preparations. So we have dry frying and
we have basically processed or cooked arterym with wine are
going to be the way to do it. Of course,
(24:30):
traditionally more often than not it's decocted, and if we
are decocinent, we definitely want to have it crushed so
that all the good stuff comes out of the seeds.
Western uses of the serrup. So the PDR for Herbal
Medicines says this herb is used for ailments and complaints
of the gastrointestinal tract, as a diaphoretic which means something
(24:52):
that induces sweat, and a diuretic something that induces urination,
and for blood purifying. That's the interesting blood purifying. Externally,
they are used for iketiosis, which is a condition. Osis
is a condition ichdi means a condition of fish. It's
a fish scales. It's a skin condition that is like
(25:14):
fish scales is basically what it is. Iketiosis, psoriasis, and
sebaria of the scalp. Similarly, web MD says people use
burdock for aging, skin, stomach problems, joint swelling, and many
other conditions, but there's no good scientific evidence to support
its use. So that's from web MD, which you know,
(25:37):
I consider to be a bit on the conservative side
of these things. So it's interesting if you look at this.
So blood purifying is an interesting use that has nothing
to do with Chinese medicine. Chinese medicine does not say
it's diuretic, which believe me it it does have herbs
that are doing that. And both of these say is
good for stomach problems, where if you look at Chinese
medicine it really says it's only good for constipation would
(26:00):
be general gi or stomach issues, it would be specifically constipation.
So interesting some of the differences of uses there between
Western traditional uses, Western uses and Chinese uses of this herb.
So Neo Bongsa commentary. So, as usual, Benski and his
(26:22):
team has an excellent and extensive commentary on this herb.
And here we go entering the lungs and stomach channels.
Neobongsa clears and drains in addition to its ability to
vent and disperse. For this reason, it not only disperses
wind heat, but also clears and drains heat toxin. It
is ideal for externally contracted wind heat, hot phlem, coughs,
(26:46):
unexpressed rashes, swelling, and pain of the throat and other
toxic swellings and sores, transforming the significance of medicinal substances.
The Yaopin YY, written in sixteen forty four, elaborates Archai
fruitus neobongsa can raise the chi or direct it downward
(27:09):
and powerfully resolve toxic heat. Its flavor is bitter, so
it clears fire, but also accrid so it dredges wind.
Its main area of treatment is wind phlegm in the
upper body, swelling of the face and eyes, difficulties swallowing,
and all accumulations of toxic heat. Whenever the lung channel
(27:30):
has constrained fire or there is wind heat in the
lung channel, this herb should be used. The special characteristics
of this herb are that events brings out, clears and drains,
not only dispersing wind heat, but also clearing and draining
constrained fire and heat toxin. Note that neo bongsa is slippery,
(27:52):
enabling it to promote the movement of both stool and urine.
It is thus especially indicated where there is constipation in
scan to your difficult urination. So there you go. There's
the diarhsis seeking accuracy in the material medica or the
bensil chos Gen, written in seventeen seventy three, discusses an
overlooked aspect of this herb. Nowadays, people only talk about
(28:15):
its toxicity resolving effects and use it whenever they encounter
symptoms such as sores, swelling, pocks, or rashes. However, this
still misses the point about the herb, which is its
ability to release both the exterior and the interior whenever
people have clumped toxic chi. Its most common cause is
(28:35):
externally contracted when cold. This impairs the flow of nutriti
of chi and becomes blocked within the flesh, which engenders
toxic toxic abscesses. Bangsa is accurate as well as bitter,
so it can direct chee to move downward and likewise
disperse wind and expel heat. But because its nature is
(28:56):
cold and slippery, excessive use or high dose usage will
damage the middle chi, which in turn will make the
exterior more deficient. It is particularly forbidden in cases of
sleen deficiency with diarrhea. There you go, that's a good
commentary there. Okay, comparisons, so Benski and his team compares
(29:21):
this are with one other. One of my favorite was
menthe Haplo calisis herba or boha. Both are spread and
dispersed wind heat, and are frequently combined for this very
purpose individually. Menthae Halo calisis herba. Boha is acrid, cool
and induces sweating. It is especially good for dispersing heat
(29:44):
in the face and eyes and treating sores and rashes
on the skin, but also regulates the chi, relieves constraint
and breaks up turbid filth by the effect of its aroma.
By contrasting, Bongsa is bitter, draining and slippery. Then its
wind heat out through the exterior rather than inducing sweating,
and is notably beneficial for the throat. It is also
(30:07):
cooling and resolves toxicity, disseminates the lung cheeta, stop coughs
and transform phlegm, then skin rashes, and facilitates bowel movements.
So there you go. Those are the one herb the
two herbs they compare. They also talk about combinations with
three other herbs. The first of these herbs is with
(30:30):
glycisra radix or gonsal, which is licorice. Neobangsa is acrid,
bitter and cool, and can raise the chi or direct
it downward, disperse wind heat, resolve toxins, and benefit the throat.
Glyceruscerae radix are gonsal in its unprepared form has a
(30:50):
strong fire draining toxicity resolving effect, So neobangsa assisted by
Glacios radix or gonzal has a much stronger action in
clearing the throat and lungs. Because neobongsa is cold and
slippery by nature, overconsumption can injure the middle burner chee
and cause diarrhea due to sling cheet deficiency. However, the
(31:12):
Suruceae radix gonsal can prevent this by its sweet moderating action.
In other words, it assists the action of neobongsa while
moderating moderating its undesirable effects. Clinically, this combination is best
for swollen sore throat from lung channel wind heat or
(31:32):
constrained fire leading to heat toxin flushing upwards. So not
bad there. So that's one combination with licorice. The other
combinations with Forcythia fruitus or lean chow. This is a
common heat toxin herb in Chinese medicine, so Priscythia fruitously
in chow is very good for cooling heat and resolving toxicity,
(31:55):
and can also disperse clumps and dissolve abscesses. Jang Shi
Chun notes that Forcythia fruitusyan choo is full of power
to ascend in rays, disseminate and disperse that unblocks the
flow of chi and blood, treating any signation of chi
and blood in the twelve channels. For these reasons, it
(32:19):
is a key herb in the treatment of sores. Together
with theobogsa, the pair focuses on unblocking and draining heat toxin,
dispersing clumps and swellings, and is ideal for treating sore
swollen throats, swellings like mumps, and all types of boils
(32:39):
or other lesions from internal preponderance of heat toxin. Because
of the slippery nature of neobogsa, patients may experience loose
stools when taking the syrup. However, this will actually facilitate
the elimination of the heat toxin as only a concern
if they are constitutionally spleen deficient. In that case, it
(33:01):
should be dry fried. There you go, and our third
combination is with Diascoia riizoma or shanyw Diascriia roizoma shanya
and you know, bangsa would seem to be an illogical
combination for treating cough, but the famous early twentieth century
(33:23):
physician Jiang Shi Chun frequently used this pair of verbs
for cough and dyspania, and at least seven different formulas
for yin deficiency affecting the lungs. Here is his rationale.
Diascoria raisoma shanya conifies both the kidneys and the lungs
while also possessing a contracting conserving power. It's affecting the
(33:47):
treatment of dyspania, which is trouble breathing, so it's affected
in the treatment of dyspania is truly grand. You know,
bangsa is also able to clear phlam and bring down
rebellious chi. And by making the rebellion is she turn
around and move downward. It can lead the actions of
the other herbs rapidly downward as well, unless the patient
(34:08):
was constipated. Jan commonly used dry fried rti, fruititus chow neobangsa.
And that was our three combinations. Interesting combinations. They wouldn't
think of chayah with this contents of the serbs. So
according to Benski, and all the contents of the cerve
(34:30):
include phenol, propane, dura derivates, bi thiophenes, sequest sesqui terpenes, triterpenes,
aliphatic alknines, organic acids, and polysaccharides. Tenshin highlights some specific
chemicals like arctean, arctigenin, isoarctogenin, central oil, twenty five to
(34:54):
thirty percent gobosterin, lappa al ABC, and h e F
n H no G. So that's an interesting stuff there.
Now we're going to talk about arctan and arctigenin right now,
pharmacognizy fundamentals, applications and strategies. This is that. Oh hey,
(35:15):
we haven't talked about it on dal Mecreath and Clement
wrote this brand new came out this year discusses the
di benzol, buttane, lignans, arctigenin, and actian and neo bong za.
Arctagenin has shown in vitro and in vivo activity, So
that means in vitro means in glass and in vivo
(35:36):
means in life, so in experiment and in animals at
least maybe humans. So octogenin has shown an in vitro
and in vivo activity against cancer cell lines, including glioplastoma, breast,
colorectal prostate, and gallbladder cancers, so that's very interesting. Arctian
(35:57):
is an antidepressant inhibits osteoclastogenesis, so this means the osteoclass
build bone, So this inhibits, uh, the the generation of osteoclasts,
no excuse me, osteoclass breakdown bone, so it inhibits that.
So it inhibits breakdown bones and prevents replication of the
(36:20):
Avian influence at H nine and two virus. So those
are pretty good stuff. And again, whenever you see something
like artigenin arct and rct inn, this is from RTI
fructus RTI lappa, so that that basically means these are
(36:40):
found in this first and probably fairly exclusive in this
particular herb tho these two particular chemicals, so very interesting
in that context. Is well, let's talk about the science. So,
according to Chen and Chen, the pharmacological effects of neo
(37:01):
bunks that include the following actions antibiotic, anti diabetic, anti inflammatory,
antipyretic which means it reduces fever, diuretic so it induces
urination and helping the kidneys. They also discussed two clinical studies.
One with an end of forty. So remember ends mean
(37:23):
how many subjects there are, and we generally are looking
we want at least thirty to forty subjects because then
we can apply population statistics to the study. So at
least thirty to forty, but as much as possible, you know,
as it goes up from there, and N forty at
least gives us some statistic you know, some ability to
do statistics on it. But it's still a very small study.
(37:46):
So one with an N of forty showed positive results
when treating migraines, which is interesting, not one of the
things we would think about from a Chinese medical perspective
using this herb for but there you go, can might
be helpful in migraines. The other study, with an N
of four seven, again a little bit more people, but
still quite a small study, used a formula including neobongsa
(38:06):
to treat facial paralysis, and generally, I got to be
honest with you, I don't include studies that have formulas
that are in formulas because one of the issue with
with looking at an individual herb in a formula is
you don't know if that individual herb is actually part
of the reason why the formula was successful, or is
(38:26):
it other herbs in the in the individual herbs in
the formula, or is it some sort of synergism between
the herbs and the formula. So I'm just I'm not
a big fan of including we're talking about individual herbs
including formula as as a as a as a thing.
But there were only there's only one of those clinical studies,
so I threw it in there. Interesting again, facial paralysis
(38:47):
and kind of see if there's like some phlegm in
the face, which we talked about, this could be very
useful for I don't know if I would think about
using the serb for facial paralysis in generals. Lee and
their team says neo bonds us. This is another study,
says neobos up in various extracts and drug formulations showed
(39:11):
that it has antioxidant, antimicrobial, hypo glycemic so it lowers
blood sugar levels, lipid lowering, anti inflammatory, analgesics so it
helps with pain, anti viral, and anti tumor activity. So
interesting activities on this again, when we start looking at
these sort of pharmacological effects of an herb, I'm not
(39:37):
dis kind that it has all those effects, but a
lot of those effects were probably done from studies that
were in vitro in glass. So like you know, to
show that it's antioxidant, you put some extract in with
some accidants and see that it breaks them down, so
then it's antioxidant, But that doesn't mean it's antio accident
in humans. So I'm a little hesitant with these sort
of pharmacological effects, though there is some evidence to support
(40:01):
I'm not discounting them. I'm just saying clinically, it may
not be as useful as it sounds. Drug herb interactions
Neo Bongsa lowers plasma glucose levels and may attenuate anti
diabetic medications, causing hypoglycemia. This is from Chen of Chen
(40:23):
and Chen. It's only one of the Chen's and it's
leveled the evidence of his opinion, so not based on
a clinical study, So again take it with a grain
grain of salt. I wouldn't I don't think I'd put
a lot into this lowering of plasma glucose. I wouldn't
be worried about this necessarily. Literature search did not find
(40:45):
interactions between you know, bongsa and various cytochrome PEW for
fifty isisymes or peak glycoproteins or peak glycoprotein Those are
two major targets that we look at for the raising
the risk of drug interactions. Are our great book, The
American Herbal Products Association's Botanical Safety Handbook, which looks at
(41:05):
safety of herbs, does have this herb in there and
puts this herb in interaction class A herbs for which
no clinically relevant interactions are expected, so that's its best
interaction class for the least likely to have an interaction
in Drugger of interactions, So it doesn't look like this
is a strong candidate for Drugger of interactions. In general concerns,
(41:32):
there are some concerns about this herbs, so Benski and
his team note several concerns with neo BONSA. Under the
heading of cautions and contraindications, they say use with caution
in cases of cheat efficiency, diarrhea, or in the absence
of excessive heat, as it is both cold and slippery,
(41:54):
so again this will help constipations, so using it in
the case of diarrhea is probably not a idea. Under
the heading of traditional contraindications, they quote harm and benefit
in the material metic are the Bensu highly written in
eighteen ninety three. Its nature is cold and slippery and
(42:15):
it is best suited for pox patients with constipation and
heat in the blood. If the patient's cheat efficient, white complexioned,
with loose stools or diarrhea, it is definitely forbidden. Don't
use it in those cases. Under the heading of toxicity,
(42:37):
they say, allergic reactions have been reported including discomfort in
the chest, rapid breathing, sensation of obstruction in the throat, dizziness,
fleshing of the face to dizziness again, vomiting, popular rashes,
intense itching, and low blood pressure. So that's Bensk's concerns
(43:01):
of various stripes. Chen Chen also have similar concerns, and
they say due to its cold nature, neo Bongsa should
be used only for patients with heat or excess syndromes.
Use of neo bongsa is contraindicated in patients with spleen
sheet deficiency with loose stools, So there you go. Very
(43:24):
similar sleen sheet efficiency with loose stools seems to be
pretty universally contradicated. We want to be very cautious with
that and using this SRVE branded wise Men. Our third
textbook warns Neobongza lubricates the intestines and can cause mild
(43:45):
diarrhea used with care and patience with sloppy stool due
to achieve acuity or vacuity cold, so again very similar. Again,
diarrhea in general should be very cautious about do you
like this sloppy stool. I don't know what that means entirely,
but if my patients say they have sloppy stool, I'm
(44:07):
not giving them the know Hanza. So that's brand Wiseman.
And then finally, the American Herbal Product Association's Botanical Safety
Handbook puts this herb in safety Class one, so that's
their best. Safety class are herbs that can be safely
consumed when used appropriately, so they don't have and again
I think that's probably correct. I think this herb is
(44:30):
pretty darn safe so long as we're using it appropriately.
And of course, because it treats constipation, using it in
patients who have diarrhea is not using it properly, and
so I would certainly be of concern if we were
doing that. So that would be my big takeaway from
all the concerns here, and I think that is pretty much.
(44:51):
Oh no, we have some more concerns. Hang on the
PDR for herbal Medicines. I was always going to cut
it off to you soon. The PDR for Herbal Medicines
says Yobangsa should not be used during the first trimester
of pregnancy. Under the heading of precautions and Adverse Reactions,
the authors say no health hazards or side effects are
known in conjunction with the proper administration of designated therapeutic dosages.
(45:15):
There is a slight potential for sensitization via skin contact
with the drug. In other words, it can cause allergies,
skin allergies, and topical allergies potentially. So there you go.
So they say not to use it during the first
trimester of pregnancy, Well, they don't explain why they say that.
I think from a Chinese point of view, it would
not be a good idea to have a real cold
(45:37):
herb and downward bearing to help treat constipation, and that
would not be a good idea to have during the
first trimester of pregnancy. So I think we could probably
agree with that from a Chinese medical point of view.
They don't say anything about diarrhea or constipation here, But
there you go. So that's the PDR for herbal medicines
and that is when we can start to wrap this
(46:01):
up a little bit and let's talk about our summary
of today. So today we started with our discussion of
some basic botany. So that was interesting to me. You know,
I always felt like Bonni is sort of a basis
of herbology and I just don't feel like it's covered well.
(46:21):
So it was nice to cover the bases there, so
we did that with Bonny. Then we looked at another
single Chinese herb, Neo Bangza Archai fruittus or great burdock fruit.
It's an interesting cool acrid herbs, herb that releases the
exterior that can also be used to treat skin rashes
and sore throats. As usual, we explored all the intricacies
(46:45):
of this herb, as well as an explanation of its category.
It is. I wouldn't say this is an incredibly commonly
used Chinese herb, but it's certainly I would probably put
it mid tier herb. It's like it's it's definitely something
that we will use when appropriate. It's not necessarily the
first thing we think about when it comes to treating
(47:06):
a wind heat condition. But it is, you know, maybe
the second or third thing we think about as we're
treating a wind heat condition. So it's it's a good herb,
and it's not a rarely used Chinese herb. It's it's
a very useful herb for a lot of different conditions.
And I think you know, the big thing there is
that it's very very it's either very cool or cold,
(47:30):
and so when there's a lot of heat, this is
going to be a very useful herb in an external condition.
So with that we conclude another exploration of a very
useful Chinese herb. In our next episode, we will be
looking at another Chinese herbal formula. This case, we're going
(47:54):
to be looking at gun tongue or kudzu decoction. Gu
gunong or kudzu decoction. This is from the formulas that
release exterior wind cold subcategory of the formulas that release
the exterior category. So we're covering a lot of these
exterior herbs and formulas all in a relative clump here.
(48:18):
But that's that's useful. It's they're very important herbs and
herb formulas. This gig and tongue is a useful formula
for treating colds with a stiff neck and upper back.
So if you have any of that, you know when
sometimes you get call in your neck to your back
are just really this is a good formula for that.
As always, we will do our deep dive into this
(48:40):
herb and look at its traditional uses and its preparation
interactions and cautions, and as usual we will be adding
something a little different. It's going to be another interesting
vacation into the exciting continent of herbs. Please join us,
and I would like to spend a moment here in
thanking you for listening today. And if you like this podcast,
(49:04):
could you do us a huge favorite? Could you subscribe
in your favorite podcast app? That really helps us a
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And I'm thank you for even considering subscribing. And you
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(49:25):
professional Development activities at www dot Integrativemedicinecouncil dot org. That's
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don't forget that twenty percent off with the code s
H two zero o f F sperbs Herbs SAH twenty off.
(49:46):
You can always get in touch with me at doctor
Greg at sperbserbs dot com or at our website www
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generous bility, our fea as usual, and thank you very much,
(50:08):
really appreciate it. Further, the preceding was presented by doctor
Greg Sperber. We would like to thank Janelle Fowler's support
and everybody else who contributed to this program. Roger Campbell
Angelic sper Hello and welcome to episode eighty five of
Sperbs Herbs. Today we are going to be discussing Yo
bong ze also known as Artii fruittus or great burdock fruit. So,
without further ado, let's get into it. Today we're gonna
(00:29):
be looking at another single Chinese herb, and as we mentioned,
that's Neo Bongza arcti fruitus or great burdock fruit. This
herb is in the Chinese medical subcategory of cool acrid
herbs that release the exterior under the category of release
the exterior herbs. It is helpful for certain types of colds,
(00:52):
sore throats, and as a seed can help constipation. And
as always, we will be looking at something a little different.
We're going to take a brief look at some basic botany.
Please stay tuned for this intriguing episode. Before we get
into it, I just want to remind everybody that I've
been teaching for quite a while now on a wide
(01:13):
variety of topics. If you like this podcast want to
explore more of my courses, they are available at www
dot Integrative Medicine Council Council dot org. That's integrated Medicine
Council dot org and include a ton of different topics,
including my Drug Herb series looking at drugs and how
they interact with herbs and vice versa, several ethics and
(01:36):
safety courses, Chinese medical research, several treatment of condition courses
such as arthritis, neck and backpaining, COVID and depression anxiety.
One of my favorite courses, the Chinese Herbal First Aid Kit.
Can't recommend that one highly enough, and they're all at
a reasonable cost, and you can get an additional twenty
percent off with the code sh two zero off. That's
(01:58):
sh ver sperbs rbs SAH two zero off o f
f all lower case. So I feel like I never
got a good knowledge of plants from my herbal studies.
I mean, I've learned something. I remember in high school biology,
I learned something about plants. But you know, even though
(02:20):
my undergraduate was biology, we did more about microorganisms and
humans than we did about plants. So I didn't do
a lot of that in my undergraduate biology degree. So
I and you know, we deal with herbs, and you
would think we would spend some time going with some
basic botany, and never really did. So I wanted to
(02:42):
cover the basics of botany and plant biology. So we're
going to do that now. So plants are multi cellular
U carry outs. So multicellular means many cells. You carry
outs mean they actually have nuclei. You means true carry
out means nuclear organism that carries a nucleus, So it's
(03:03):
a true organism carrying nucleus as opposed to procarryouts that
do not have nuclei. So they do have nuclei at
its most base in nuclei of the cells for what
we're talking about there as most basic vascular plants are
composed of two different organ systems, the shoot system and
the root system. The shoot system involves the non reproductive
(03:27):
or vegetative parts of the plant and the reproductive parts.
Non reproductive parts of the plant include leaves and stems.
Reproductive parts include flowers and fruits. The root system absorbs
water and minerals, supports the plant, and is usually underground.
(03:48):
There are two general types of tissue systems, maristematic and
permanent or non meristematic tissues. Maristematic tissues are found in marrastems,
which are regions of the plant where there is continuous
cell division. And growth. Permanent tissue are where plant cells
are no longer actively dividing or growing. There are three
(04:09):
types of maristematic tissues. Growing types. Apical marrastems are located
at the tips of stems and roots and allow the
plant to extend its length. Lateral marrestems allow growth in thickness.
Intercalorie marry stems are located only in monocots basically grasses,
(04:30):
and are located at the base of leaf blades and
nodes or leaves attached to a stem, and allow length
increase from the leaf base. Basically, marrastems are similar to
human stem cells in that they differentiate into different plant tissues.
There are three types of tissues. Marrowstems can differentiate into
(04:52):
and then become permanent tissue. Dermal tissue protects and covers
the plant. Vascular tissues us to transport water and other
important constituents, such as minerals and sugars, to various parts
of the plant. Ground tissue is used for several purposes,
including as a site for photosynthesis, storing sugars and water,
(05:13):
and supporting vascular tissue. Vascular tissue helps make up two
different conducting systems Xylum transports water and nutrients from the
roots to other parts of the plants. Flowam transports sugars
in organic compounds from the sites of photosynthesis to other
parts of the plant. Often think of them as kind
(05:35):
of similar to veins and arteries and humans. You know,
one goes out from the heart, one goes towards the
heart to a little stet Stems are part of the
shoot system and usually grow above ground. They can be
soft or herbaceous or woody. Soft also known as herbaceous
(05:57):
or woody, so they can be softer, woody, or yeah.
They provide support to the plant hold leaves, flowers, and buds,
transports various nutrients and compounds, as well as store food
for the plant. Stems have nodes or leaves. Flowers and
aerial roots attach and internodes which are between these nodes.
(06:17):
The stocks that attach to these nodes at one end
and a leaf at the other are called petioles. An
axillary bud can be where a branch or flower rises
and is located on the axle, which is between the
base of a leaf and the stem. For those of
you that are observing, I have a picture of these,
(06:40):
but we're moving on. There are two main types of
root systems. Diecots have a taproot system, where monocots have
monocots have a fibrous root system. Tap root systems have
a main root that grows down vertically with many smaller
lateral roots. They can penetrate deep into the soil. Root
(07:00):
systems are closer to the soil surface and form a
dense network of roots. These can help prevent soil erosion.
Some plants can have both tap and fibrous roots. In general,
plants growing in drier regions have deep root systems and
vice versa, so those in wetter regions will have more
of the of the fibrous roots systems. Leaves are where
(07:26):
photosynthesis how plants make food from carbon dioxide CO two
and light occurs. They're usually green through the presence of
chlorophyll in the leaf cells from the petiole. Remember that's
the leaf stem kind of which may between the node
and the leaf, which may or may not be present.
(07:46):
The leaf blade is called the lamina. If there is
no petiole and the leaf is directly attached to the stem,
it is called the seasile leaf. Most leaves have a
midrib which travels the entire length of the leaf up
to its tip and has branches of veins that extend
to the edges of the leaf, which is also called
the margin, which is called the margin. Leaves can have
(08:13):
different arrangements and forms. The arrangement of leaves on a
stem is called philotaxi, and there are three main types.
An alternate leaf pattern is only one leaf per node,
which will alternate on each side of the stem in
a flat plane, so one of them will be on
the left, the next one will be on the right,
and the next one on the left that it goes
(08:34):
back and forth. A spiral patterns where the leaves are
arrayed spirally along the stem. And opposite leaf patterns where
two leaves start from the same node and are opposite
to each other. So instead of the alternate leaf plante
where's one left one and the right one and left
one and the right, this one is they're both left right,
both left right, both left right. If there are three
(08:54):
or more leaves connected to a node, it is called
a world pattern a world O W H O R
L E D pattern. There are basic two basic forms
of leaves. Simple leaves is where are where the bleed
excuse me, The blade of the leaf is undivided are
(09:17):
where or when there are lobes, but the separation does
not reach the mid rib. Remember see the mid rib
is going down the middle of the leaf. A compound
leaf is where the blade is completely divided, forming leaflets,
and each leaflet may have their own stock, but is
attached to the rattetus or main axis. And there are
(09:38):
several types of compound leaves. A Palmately compound leaf has
leaflets ready out from one point. Pinately compound leaves have
a feather like appearance where the leaflets are arranged around
along the mid rib. Doubly compound leaves are where the
leaflets branch from the veins. Kind of need to see
(09:58):
pictures of these and I you have those, but that
doesn't help in a podcast, all right, So with that
introduction to botany, let's get into today's herb Neo bong Za,
Yeo bong ze or Arcti frucitus. This is the family Astroossia. Again,
we've we've looked at this family. We've had several herbs
(10:20):
in the family of Astorosia, so we'll look at that
again as a family just a little bit. Standard species
is Arctium lappa l a p p A. And you
know we said rti fruitus, and now we're saying ARTM
rti is plural and ARTM is singular, so it's the
same just once plural one singular, So ARTM lapa L.
(10:43):
So again L refers to Linnaeus, which was kind of
the first botanist biologist that started classifying everything leaves and
animals into species. And he's the one who came up
with binomial nomenclature, which is what we use. That's the
Arctium lapa is called binomial nomenclature, so he decided that.
(11:06):
So that's where they all comes from. Refers to the
botanists who first classify this. This is classified early medicinal.
Part of this is the fruit or seed. You see
that in different place like arctai fruititus means fruit, so
this they're referring to it as the fruit. On the
other hand, you know, the seed is considered part of
(11:26):
the fruit as well, and these are very seedy. The
fruit is the seed, so those are basically synonyms in
this case fruit and seed. The English translation of neo
bongsa is cattle burdock, so that's where we said that.
This is also known as a great burdock seed, so
(11:47):
that's where it comes from. Cattle. We're gonna see why
it may have cattle in just minut instead. So their
names for this are barbana, beggars, buttons, burr seed, clop
berr cockle buttons, cockle, burr's clote, great burr, happy major
hard dooc harber Lappa that's hair as an h a
r e as a buddy, So harber lappa love leaves,
(12:11):
per personata, philanthropium. I love that word, philanthropium, thorny berr
da Lidze which is great power seed, Guangliedza, which is
Manchurian power seed, ja leads judgeang power seed considered the
best quality usher Lao moudjr Lao mu ju er d woe.
(12:36):
That's a that's a long Chinese name there, uh Lao
shu pa and the Nien song song ze Yo dali
yoze shu Nianza Sunnienza and in Japanese goboshi goboshi and
(12:56):
in Korean ubang ja aga. And I don't know how
to pronounce Japanese or Creans, so please forgive my pronunciations.
End of the Chinese two Benski, one of our main
texts for individual herbs discusses several names of this herb.
As a very broadly distributed plant, it's leaves and root
were common flodder for cattle, and it was thus known
(13:17):
as cattle vegetables neo sai or cattle burdock Neo bong
zim means seeds. That's where we see this, though because
cattle are strong, it seeds became known as great power
seeds or do lead ze. Seed pods are prickly intended
to stick annoyingly to clothing and even to rats. For
(13:39):
thus noxious fruit, a sure and rat adhering seed, shoe, nianza,
or other nicknames that are quite common in ancient texts,
especially the latter's interesting discussion on the different names. Let's
talk about the Astrossier family. So, according to Britannic, the
(14:00):
astroosse a family also called composite is commonly known as
the aster daisy or composite family of the flowering plant
order Asteralis. It includes more than one thousand, six hundred
and twenty genera and twenty three thousand, six hundred species
of herbs, shrubs, and trees distributed throughout the world. Is
(14:21):
one of the largest plant families in existence. There are
many well known plants in this family, including many garden
ornamentals weeds including dandelion, ragweed, and thistle. Food crops such
as lettuce, artichokes, saftflower, sunflower, and endive and we discussed
and as we discussed in episode nine, artemies or wormwood
(14:43):
and in episode fifty one, sunerdso or Xanthium are all
part of this family. Members of the family have flower
heads composed of many small flowers called florets. They are
surrounded by bracts or leaflike structures. Bell shaped disc florets
form the center of each head. Strap shaped ray florets
(15:05):
extend out like petals from the center and are sometimes
reflexed or bent back. Another interesting article agreed with this
overview and looked at how this family plays a role
in human health, including antioxidant, anti inflammatory, and anti microbial
activity as well as diuretic and wound healing properties of
(15:27):
the families. So that's interesting. We don't usually see that
in families. So that's a good overview of the family.
Let's talk about more about this herb so ben Ski
and his team say the dosage is sixteen to twelve
grams chen chen, which is another one of our three
major textbooks are say three to ten grams with a
(15:50):
maximum of thirty grams, and Bran Wiseman, our third of
our three major textbooks, also say the dose is three
to ten grams, so they're similar. So he says six
to twelve so maybe a little bit higher dose, while
both Chen and Chen and Brown Wiseman both say the
doses three to ten grams, but it can go up
to thirty. According to chen Chen category, Benski and his
(16:14):
team put this herb in the cool acrid herbs that
release the exterior subcategory under herbs that release the exterior,
chan Chen say it is in the wind heat releasing
herbs subcategory under the exter releasing herbs counter so similar,
same thing. Instead of saying this is a cool acrid
herb that releases the exterior, Chen and Chen says it
releases wind heats. It's more on So Benski is more
(16:38):
on the actions of the herb, and chen Chen is
more on I mean sorry, it's on the inherent Benski
is more on the inherent properties of the herb. Well,
chan Chen is more on the actions of the herb.
So when he releasing as opposed to cool acrid, and
Bran Wiseman say it is a cool acrid exture resolving
medicinal under the exter resolving medicinals category. All three of
(17:01):
our sources. This is very unusual that all three completely agree.
All three of our sources say it is acrid, bitter
and cold and enters the lung and stomach channel, so
there's no discrepancies. No one said anything different, so that's
very rare historically, both again agreement. Ben Ski and Chen
(17:21):
Chen agree on the original source for this herb, which
is the miscellaneous records of famous physicians or the ming
Yi Zaju or also known as the Mingi Bielu Biahlu
by Tao Thou hong Jing circle five hundred CE. So
pretty old. Not as old as if it were from
(17:42):
the Shandong ben sau Jing, which a lot of our
herbs are, but pretty old just the same. So let's
let's get into what the categories are. So we have
now discussed this category and subcatego verbs several times turning
adventures examining Chinese herbs, and will repeat that information here
(18:02):
just for the sake of completeness. Apologize if you've heard
this before. It's only in a few minutes. According to
Benski and his team, Exterior releasing herbs are those that
release disorders lodged in the very superficial levels of the body.
When external pathogenic factors include wind, heat, when cold, when
damness in summer heat invade the body they first attacked
(18:24):
superficial exterior aspects. Symptoms associated with the exterior then appear chills, fever, headache,
stiff neck, and general muscle aches. Sometimes sweating will appear,
which resolves the condition, which case no treatment is necessary.
At other times, however, there will be an absence of sweating,
(18:45):
or even though there is sweating, it is not accompanied
by any change in the condition. At this juncture, herbs
that release the exterior are used. Most exterior releasing herbs
are diaphoretics that as they release or expel the external
pathogenic influences through sweating. There is a saying in Chinese medicine.
When the diseases in the skin, sweating will bring it out.
(19:09):
When a disease progresses slightly further into the body, it
is said to lodge in the muscled layer. The clinical
presentation that includes fever, general body aches, and profuse sweating
At this stage, especially when the patient is sweated without
any beneficial change in their condition, it is appropriate to
use the subset of herbs that release the muscle layer.
The most prominent member of this group is Cinemamon ramulus
(19:30):
or guade jure. Some of the herbs that release the
exterior have additional functions stopping coughs and wheezing, controlling pain
or spasms, inventing rashes such as measles. So that was
the herbs that release six sterere. This is in the
subcategory of cool acrid herbs that release six stereer. So
Benski continues to discuss this subcategory of herbs and says
(19:54):
cool acrid herbs are used in treating wind heat patterns
with such such symptoms as relatively severe fever with mild
chills in sore throat. Some of these substances are also
effective inventing rashes or treeing eye problems due to wind heat. Okay,
(20:14):
so that was an overview of the category. Let's get
back to the herb. What is good quality of the
herbs of Benski and his teams say good quality consists
of large and full grains with a grayish brown outer surface.
Chinese medicinal identification and illustrated approach, which is about quality
of herbs. Says Neo. Bongsa has a long inverted egg shape,
(20:38):
slightly flat, slightly curved, externally grayish brown with purplish black spots.
It has a relatively hard and oily skin with a
faint odor and a bitter taste, with a slightly acrid
aftertaste and a slightly numbing effect to the tongue. Superior
quality is large full pieces with an obvious pattern of
(21:02):
spots and a grayish brown color. What are its Chinese
medical actions? According to Bensky and his team, the Bongza
disperses when heat and benefits the throat for externally contracted
wind heat patterns with such symptoms as fever, cough, and
a sore, red swollen throat. It resolves toxicity, invents rashes
(21:25):
for red swellings, carbuncles, aerythemas, mumps, and acute febrile maculo
popular rashes including the early stages of measles, or when
there is incomplete expression of the rash. Also used for
puratic puridic rashes due to wind heat, so puridic means
itchy rash is due to wind heat, and finally it
moistens the intestines as seeds do in Chinese mess and
(21:48):
it moistens the intestines for externally contracted toxins with such
symptoms as sore throat erythema, and maculo popular rashes, but
where there is also internal heat causing constipation. Also used
for constipation that occurs with other forms of toxicity such
as acne. So that was Benski and his team. Chen
(22:13):
say it dispels wind and clears heat, eliminates toxins, invents rashes,
and finally it clears heat and eliminates toxins from the throat.
Brandon Wiseman say it disperses wind heat and disinhibits the throat,
outthrusts papules and resolves toxin and disperses swelling. Our text
(22:36):
Chinese Medicinal Identification illustrator approach also has functions for this,
and say it disperses wind heat, diffuses the lung and
outthrusts rashes, resolves toxin and benefits the throat. So again
we're getting some throat stuff in here as well. Okay,
(23:00):
that was an overview of its of its actions. How
do we prepare this herb. So all three of our
main texts say this herb should be crushed before decocting
to kind of open it up. Benski and his team
has a discussion of two special preparations. The first of
these is dry fried arctium or chow neobangza fry until
(23:21):
popping and yellow. It has an appetizing aroma that emerges
upon grinding. Drying tends to somewhat reduce its cold slippery
properties so that it does not injure the middle burner
yang chi. For example, an elderly or weaker patients processed arctium,
(23:44):
is this not going there? We go jur neobangsa or
cooked arctium shoe neo bongsa. Both names are commonly used
when this herb is fried or steamed with wine. The
process borrows the rising action of the wine encountering the
sources of the classical material medica or the Benging fung
yuon right in sixteen seventy observes wine frying raises it,
(24:09):
enabling it to roam all twelve channels, expel wind from
the skin, and eliminate toxic rashes. So those are our
two forms of preparations. So we have dry frying and
we have basically processed or cooked arterym with wine are
going to be the way to do it. Of course,
(24:30):
traditionally more often than not it's decocted, and if we
are decocinent, we definitely want to have it crushed so
that all the good stuff comes out of the seeds.
Western uses of the serrup. So the PDR for Herbal
Medicines says this herb is used for ailments and complaints
of the gastrointestinal tract, as a diaphoretic which means something
(24:52):
that induces sweat, and a diuretic something that induces urination,
and for blood purifying. That's the interesting blood purifying. Externally,
they are used for iketiosis, which is a condition. Osis
is a condition ichdi means a condition of fish. It's
a fish scales. It's a skin condition that is like
(25:14):
fish scales is basically what it is. Iketiosis, psoriasis, and
sebaria of the scalp. Similarly, web MD says people use
burdock for aging, skin, stomach problems, joint swelling, and many
other conditions, but there's no good scientific evidence to support
its use. So that's from web MD, which you know,
(25:37):
I consider to be a bit on the conservative side
of these things. So it's interesting if you look at this.
So blood purifying is an interesting use that has nothing
to do with Chinese medicine. Chinese medicine does not say
it's diuretic, which believe me it it does have herbs
that are doing that. And both of these say is
good for stomach problems, where if you look at Chinese
medicine it really says it's only good for constipation would
(26:00):
be general gi or stomach issues, it would be specifically constipation.
So interesting some of the differences of uses there between
Western traditional uses, Western uses and Chinese uses of this herb.
So Neo Bongsa commentary. So, as usual, Benski and his
(26:22):
team has an excellent and extensive commentary on this herb.
And here we go entering the lungs and stomach channels.
Neobongsa clears and drains in addition to its ability to
vent and disperse. For this reason, it not only disperses
wind heat, but also clears and drains heat toxin. It
is ideal for externally contracted wind heat, hot phlem, coughs,
(26:46):
unexpressed rashes, swelling, and pain of the throat and other
toxic swellings and sores, transforming the significance of medicinal substances.
The Yaopin YY, written in sixteen forty four, elaborates Archai
fruitus neobongsa can raise the chi or direct it downward
(27:09):
and powerfully resolve toxic heat. Its flavor is bitter, so
it clears fire, but also accrid so it dredges wind.
Its main area of treatment is wind phlegm in the
upper body, swelling of the face and eyes, difficulties swallowing,
and all accumulations of toxic heat. Whenever the lung channel
(27:30):
has constrained fire or there is wind heat in the
lung channel, this herb should be used. The special characteristics
of this herb are that events brings out, clears and drains,
not only dispersing wind heat, but also clearing and draining
constrained fire and heat toxin. Note that neo bongsa is slippery,
(27:52):
enabling it to promote the movement of both stool and urine.
It is thus especially indicated where there is constipation in
scan to your difficult urination. So there you go. There's
the diarhsis seeking accuracy in the material medica or the
bensil chos Gen, written in seventeen seventy three, discusses an
overlooked aspect of this herb. Nowadays, people only talk about
(28:15):
its toxicity resolving effects and use it whenever they encounter
symptoms such as sores, swelling, pocks, or rashes. However, this
still misses the point about the herb, which is its
ability to release both the exterior and the interior whenever
people have clumped toxic chi. Its most common cause is
(28:35):
externally contracted when cold. This impairs the flow of nutriti
of chi and becomes blocked within the flesh, which engenders
toxic toxic abscesses. Bangsa is accurate as well as bitter,
so it can direct chee to move downward and likewise
disperse wind and expel heat. But because its nature is
(28:56):
cold and slippery, excessive use or high dose usage will
damage the middle chi, which in turn will make the
exterior more deficient. It is particularly forbidden in cases of
sleen deficiency with diarrhea. There you go, that's a good
commentary there. Okay, comparisons, so Benski and his team compares
(29:21):
this are with one other. One of my favorite was
menthe Haplo calisis herba or boha. Both are spread and
dispersed wind heat, and are frequently combined for this very
purpose individually. Menthae Halo calisis herba. Boha is acrid, cool
and induces sweating. It is especially good for dispersing heat
(29:44):
in the face and eyes and treating sores and rashes
on the skin, but also regulates the chi, relieves constraint
and breaks up turbid filth by the effect of its aroma.
By contrasting, Bongsa is bitter, draining and slippery. Then its
wind heat out through the exterior rather than inducing sweating,
and is notably beneficial for the throat. It is also
(30:07):
cooling and resolves toxicity, disseminates the lung cheeta, stop coughs
and transform phlegm, then skin rashes, and facilitates bowel movements.
So there you go. Those are the one herb the
two herbs they compare. They also talk about combinations with
three other herbs. The first of these herbs is with
(30:30):
glycisra radix or gonsal, which is licorice. Neobangsa is acrid,
bitter and cool, and can raise the chi or direct
it downward, disperse wind heat, resolve toxins, and benefit the throat.
Glyceruscerae radix are gonsal in its unprepared form has a
(30:50):
strong fire draining toxicity resolving effect, So neobangsa assisted by
Glacios radix or gonzal has a much stronger action in
clearing the throat and lungs. Because neobongsa is cold and
slippery by nature, overconsumption can injure the middle burner chee
and cause diarrhea due to sling cheet deficiency. However, the
(31:12):
Suruceae radix gonsal can prevent this by its sweet moderating action.
In other words, it assists the action of neobongsa while
moderating moderating its undesirable effects. Clinically, this combination is best
for swollen sore throat from lung channel wind heat or
(31:32):
constrained fire leading to heat toxin flushing upwards. So not
bad there. So that's one combination with licorice. The other
combinations with Forcythia fruitus or lean chow. This is a
common heat toxin herb in Chinese medicine, so Priscythia fruitously
in chow is very good for cooling heat and resolving toxicity,
(31:55):
and can also disperse clumps and dissolve abscesses. Jang Shi
Chun notes that Forcythia fruitusyan choo is full of power
to ascend in rays, disseminate and disperse that unblocks the
flow of chi and blood, treating any signation of chi
and blood in the twelve channels. For these reasons, it
(32:19):
is a key herb in the treatment of sores. Together
with theobogsa, the pair focuses on unblocking and draining heat toxin,
dispersing clumps and swellings, and is ideal for treating sore
swollen throats, swellings like mumps, and all types of boils
(32:39):
or other lesions from internal preponderance of heat toxin. Because
of the slippery nature of neobogsa, patients may experience loose
stools when taking the syrup. However, this will actually facilitate
the elimination of the heat toxin as only a concern
if they are constitutionally spleen deficient. In that case, it
(33:01):
should be dry fried. There you go, and our third
combination is with Diascoia riizoma or shanyw Diascriia roizoma shanya
and you know, bangsa would seem to be an illogical
combination for treating cough, but the famous early twentieth century
(33:23):
physician Jiang Shi Chun frequently used this pair of verbs
for cough and dyspania, and at least seven different formulas
for yin deficiency affecting the lungs. Here is his rationale.
Diascoria raisoma shanya conifies both the kidneys and the lungs
while also possessing a contracting conserving power. It's affecting the
(33:47):
treatment of dyspania, which is trouble breathing, so it's affected
in the treatment of dyspania is truly grand. You know,
bangsa is also able to clear phlam and bring down
rebellious chi. And by making the rebellion is she turn
around and move downward. It can lead the actions of
the other herbs rapidly downward as well, unless the patient
(34:08):
was constipated. Jan commonly used dry fried rti, fruititus chow neobangsa.
And that was our three combinations. Interesting combinations. They wouldn't
think of chayah with this contents of the serbs. So
according to Benski, and all the contents of the cerve
(34:30):
include phenol, propane, dura derivates, bi thiophenes, sequest sesqui terpenes, triterpenes,
aliphatic alknines, organic acids, and polysaccharides. Tenshin highlights some specific
chemicals like arctean, arctigenin, isoarctogenin, central oil, twenty five to
(34:54):
thirty percent gobosterin, lappa al ABC, and h e F
n H no G. So that's an interesting stuff there.
Now we're going to talk about arctan and arctigenin right now,
pharmacognizy fundamentals, applications and strategies. This is that. Oh hey,
(35:15):
we haven't talked about it on dal Mecreath and Clement
wrote this brand new came out this year discusses the
di benzol, buttane, lignans, arctigenin, and actian and neo bong za.
Arctagenin has shown in vitro and in vivo activity, So
that means in vitro means in glass and in vivo
(35:36):
means in life, so in experiment and in animals at
least maybe humans. So octogenin has shown an in vitro
and in vivo activity against cancer cell lines, including glioplastoma, breast,
colorectal prostate, and gallbladder cancers, so that's very interesting. Arctian
(35:57):
is an antidepressant inhibits osteoclastogenesis, so this means the osteoclass
build bone, So this inhibits, uh, the the generation of osteoclasts,
no excuse me, osteoclass breakdown bone, so it inhibits that.
So it inhibits breakdown bones and prevents replication of the
(36:20):
Avian influence at H nine and two virus. So those
are pretty good stuff. And again, whenever you see something
like artigenin arct and rct inn, this is from RTI
fructus RTI lappa, so that that basically means these are
(36:40):
found in this first and probably fairly exclusive in this
particular herb tho these two particular chemicals, so very interesting
in that context. Is well, let's talk about the science. So,
according to Chen and Chen, the pharmacological effects of neo
(37:01):
bunks that include the following actions antibiotic, anti diabetic, anti inflammatory,
antipyretic which means it reduces fever, diuretic so it induces
urination and helping the kidneys. They also discussed two clinical studies.
One with an end of forty. So remember ends mean
(37:23):
how many subjects there are, and we generally are looking
we want at least thirty to forty subjects because then
we can apply population statistics to the study. So at
least thirty to forty, but as much as possible, you know,
as it goes up from there, and N forty at
least gives us some statistic you know, some ability to
do statistics on it. But it's still a very small study.
(37:46):
So one with an N of forty showed positive results
when treating migraines, which is interesting, not one of the
things we would think about from a Chinese medical perspective
using this herb for but there you go, can might
be helpful in migraines. The other study, with an N
of four seven, again a little bit more people, but
still quite a small study, used a formula including neobongsa
(38:06):
to treat facial paralysis, and generally, I got to be
honest with you, I don't include studies that have formulas
that are in formulas because one of the issue with
with looking at an individual herb in a formula is
you don't know if that individual herb is actually part
of the reason why the formula was successful, or is
(38:26):
it other herbs in the in the individual herbs in
the formula, or is it some sort of synergism between
the herbs and the formula. So I'm just I'm not
a big fan of including we're talking about individual herbs
including formula as as a as a as a thing.
But there were only there's only one of those clinical studies,
so I threw it in there. Interesting again, facial paralysis
(38:47):
and kind of see if there's like some phlegm in
the face, which we talked about, this could be very
useful for I don't know if I would think about
using the serb for facial paralysis in generals. Lee and
their team says neo bonds us. This is another study,
says neobos up in various extracts and drug formulations showed
(39:11):
that it has antioxidant, antimicrobial, hypo glycemic so it lowers
blood sugar levels, lipid lowering, anti inflammatory, analgesics so it
helps with pain, anti viral, and anti tumor activity. So
interesting activities on this again, when we start looking at
these sort of pharmacological effects of an herb, I'm not
(39:37):
dis kind that it has all those effects, but a
lot of those effects were probably done from studies that
were in vitro in glass. So like you know, to
show that it's antioxidant, you put some extract in with
some accidants and see that it breaks them down, so
then it's antioxidant, But that doesn't mean it's antio accident
in humans. So I'm a little hesitant with these sort
of pharmacological effects, though there is some evidence to support
(40:01):
I'm not discounting them. I'm just saying clinically, it may
not be as useful as it sounds. Drug herb interactions
Neo Bongsa lowers plasma glucose levels and may attenuate anti
diabetic medications, causing hypoglycemia. This is from Chen of Chen
(40:23):
and Chen. It's only one of the Chen's and it's
leveled the evidence of his opinion, so not based on
a clinical study, So again take it with a grain
grain of salt. I wouldn't I don't think I'd put
a lot into this lowering of plasma glucose. I wouldn't
be worried about this necessarily. Literature search did not find
(40:45):
interactions between you know, bongsa and various cytochrome PEW for
fifty isisymes or peak glycoproteins or peak glycoprotein Those are
two major targets that we look at for the raising
the risk of drug interactions. Are our great book, The
American Herbal Products Association's Botanical Safety Handbook, which looks at
(41:05):
safety of herbs, does have this herb in there and
puts this herb in interaction class A herbs for which
no clinically relevant interactions are expected, so that's its best
interaction class for the least likely to have an interaction
in Drugger of interactions, So it doesn't look like this
is a strong candidate for Drugger of interactions. In general concerns,
(41:32):
there are some concerns about this herbs, so Benski and
his team note several concerns with neo BONSA. Under the
heading of cautions and contraindications, they say use with caution
in cases of cheat efficiency, diarrhea, or in the absence
of excessive heat, as it is both cold and slippery,
(41:54):
so again this will help constipations, so using it in
the case of diarrhea is probably not a idea. Under
the heading of traditional contraindications, they quote harm and benefit
in the material metic are the Bensu highly written in
eighteen ninety three. Its nature is cold and slippery and
(42:15):
it is best suited for pox patients with constipation and
heat in the blood. If the patient's cheat efficient, white complexioned,
with loose stools or diarrhea, it is definitely forbidden. Don't
use it in those cases. Under the heading of toxicity,
(42:37):
they say, allergic reactions have been reported including discomfort in
the chest, rapid breathing, sensation of obstruction in the throat, dizziness,
fleshing of the face to dizziness again, vomiting, popular rashes,
intense itching, and low blood pressure. So that's Bensk's concerns
(43:01):
of various stripes. Chen Chen also have similar concerns, and
they say due to its cold nature, neo Bongsa should
be used only for patients with heat or excess syndromes.
Use of neo bongsa is contraindicated in patients with spleen
sheet deficiency with loose stools, So there you go. Very
(43:24):
similar sleen sheet efficiency with loose stools seems to be
pretty universally contradicated. We want to be very cautious with
that and using this SRVE branded wise Men. Our third
textbook warns Neobongza lubricates the intestines and can cause mild
(43:45):
diarrhea used with care and patience with sloppy stool due
to achieve acuity or vacuity cold, so again very similar. Again,
diarrhea in general should be very cautious about do you
like this sloppy stool. I don't know what that means entirely,
but if my patients say they have sloppy stool, I'm
(44:07):
not giving them the know Hanza. So that's brand Wiseman.
And then finally, the American Herbal Product Association's Botanical Safety
Handbook puts this herb in safety Class one, so that's
their best. Safety class are herbs that can be safely
consumed when used appropriately, so they don't have and again
I think that's probably correct. I think this herb is
(44:30):
pretty darn safe so long as we're using it appropriately.
And of course, because it treats constipation, using it in
patients who have diarrhea is not using it properly, and
so I would certainly be of concern if we were
doing that. So that would be my big takeaway from
all the concerns here, and I think that is pretty much.
(44:51):
Oh no, we have some more concerns. Hang on the
PDR for herbal Medicines. I was always going to cut
it off to you soon. The PDR for Herbal Medicines
says Yobangsa should not be used during the first trimester
of pregnancy. Under the heading of precautions and Adverse Reactions,
the authors say no health hazards or side effects are
known in conjunction with the proper administration of designated therapeutic dosages.
(45:15):
There is a slight potential for sensitization via skin contact
with the drug. In other words, it can cause allergies,
skin allergies, and topical allergies potentially. So there you go.
So they say not to use it during the first
trimester of pregnancy, Well, they don't explain why they say that.
I think from a Chinese point of view, it would
not be a good idea to have a real cold
(45:37):
herb and downward bearing to help treat constipation, and that
would not be a good idea to have during the
first trimester of pregnancy. So I think we could probably
agree with that from a Chinese medical point of view.
They don't say anything about diarrhea or constipation here, But
there you go. So that's the PDR for herbal medicines
and that is when we can start to wrap this
(46:01):
up a little bit and let's talk about our summary
of today. So today we started with our discussion of
some basic botany. So that was interesting to me. You know,
I always felt like Bonni is sort of a basis
of herbology and I just don't feel like it's covered well.
(46:21):
So it was nice to cover the bases there, so
we did that with Bonny. Then we looked at another
single Chinese herb, Neo Bangza Archai fruittus or great burdock fruit.
It's an interesting cool acrid herbs, herb that releases the
exterior that can also be used to treat skin rashes
and sore throats. As usual, we explored all the intricacies
(46:45):
of this herb, as well as an explanation of its category.
It is. I wouldn't say this is an incredibly commonly
used Chinese herb, but it's certainly I would probably put
it mid tier herb. It's like it's it's definitely something
that we will use when appropriate. It's not necessarily the
first thing we think about when it comes to treating
(47:06):
a wind heat condition. But it is, you know, maybe
the second or third thing we think about as we're
treating a wind heat condition. So it's it's a good herb,
and it's not a rarely used Chinese herb. It's it's
a very useful herb for a lot of different conditions.
And I think you know, the big thing there is
that it's very very it's either very cool or cold,
(47:30):
and so when there's a lot of heat, this is
going to be a very useful herb in an external condition.
So with that we conclude another exploration of a very
useful Chinese herb. In our next episode, we will be
looking at another Chinese herbal formula. This case, we're going
(47:54):
to be looking at gun tongue or kudzu decoction. Gu
gunong or kudzu decoction. This is from the formulas that
release exterior wind cold subcategory of the formulas that release
the exterior category. So we're covering a lot of these
exterior herbs and formulas all in a relative clump here.
(48:18):
But that's that's useful. It's they're very important herbs and
herb formulas. This gig and tongue is a useful formula
for treating colds with a stiff neck and upper back.
So if you have any of that, you know when
sometimes you get call in your neck to your back
are just really this is a good formula for that.
As always, we will do our deep dive into this
(48:40):
herb and look at its traditional uses and its preparation
interactions and cautions, and as usual we will be adding
something a little different. It's going to be another interesting
vacation into the exciting continent of herbs. Please join us,
and I would like to spend a moment here in
thanking you for listening today. And if you like this podcast,
(49:04):
could you do us a huge favorite? Could you subscribe
in your favorite podcast app? That really helps us a
lot as we move forward and try to grow the podcast.
And I'm thank you for even considering subscribing. And you
can get this course as well as many others as
continuing Education units and National Certification Commission of Vacupunction oriiomsine
(49:25):
professional Development activities at www dot Integrativemedicinecouncil dot org. That's
Integrated Medicine Council CO ou nci L dot org. And
don't forget that twenty percent off with the code s
H two zero o f F sperbs Herbs SAH twenty off.
(49:46):
You can always get in touch with me at doctor
Greg at sperbserbs dot com or at our website www
dot sperbserbs dot com. And with that we have our
generous bility, our fea as usual, and thank you very much,
(50:08):
really appreciate it. Further, the preceding was presented by doctor
Greg Sperber. We would like to thank Janelle Fowler's support
and everybody else who contributed to this program. Roger Campbell
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