April 29, 2025 • 55 mins
This episode we will be looking at another Chinese herb: zǐ sū yè, Perillae Folium, or simply perilla leaf. This is another herb in the Chinese medical sub-category of warm, acrid herbs that release the exterior and can be used to calm a fetus and help seafood poisoning. In fact, you are probably aware of this herb even you have never heard of it before, especially if you eat sushi. As usual, we will explore all the intricacies of this herb as well as an explanation of its category. And as always, we will look at something a little different…we will continue our discussion of pharmacognosy with a conversation about tannins Each episode of the podcast will go into great depth about a single herb or formula. Besides covering the basics of herbology including category, and functions, we will explore the history, quality, science, pharmacology, evidence, and any potential interactions of each herb or formula. Please join us as we look at zǐ sū yè, Perillae Folium, aka perilla leaf. It is going to be another interesting trek into the exciting universe of herbs…please join us!
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Episode Transcript
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Speaker 1 (00:03):
Angelica. Hi, and welcome to Sperbservs episode eighty three. Today
we're gonna be talking about a excuse me, let me
do that again. Excuse me? Wow, Okay, let me do another. Click. Hi,
(00:28):
and welcome to sperbs Herbs episode eighty three. Today we're
gonna be talking about another Chinese herb, ziz su yea
our prilla folium also known as simply perilla leaf, and
it's a great herbal forma. So let's see what we're
going to talk about today. We're going to be looking
at another single Chinese herbs. This Suye perilla folium or simply
(00:50):
perla leaf. As I just mentioned, this serve is another
herb in the Chinese medical subcategory of warm acrid herbs
that release the exterior and can be used in erg Yeah,
can be used to come a fetus and help seafood poisoning.
In fact, you are probably aware of this irb even
(01:10):
if you've never heard of before, especially if you eat sushi.
We'll talk about that in just a minute. As usual,
we will explore all the intricacies of this herb as
well as an explanation of its category, and as always,
we will look at something a little different. We will
continue our discussion of pharmacognancy with a conversation about tannins today.
Please stay tuned for this intriguing episode. Before we get
(01:35):
into that, I'd like to remind you and talk about
I've been teaching for quite a while now on a
wide variety of topics. If you like this podcast, we
want to explore more of my courses. They are available
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different topics, including my Drug Herb series looking at drugs
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a reasonable cost full stop. They're reasonable cost period, but
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(02:39):
check out the courses. There's lots of cool ones. If
you can't find one that you're interested in, let me know,
let me know what you're interested I'll make one up
for you. So with that, let's talk about pharmacognozy and tannins.
In our last episode we discuss pharmacognzy and glycosides based
on my new class on pharmacognosy and Chinese medicine in
(02:59):
the Integrative New Nutrition series. Today we will discuss another
category of secondary metabolites commonly found in plants, tannins. As
a reminder, primary metabolites are necessary for life include fats, carbohydrates,
and amino acids and proteins, all of which can be
supplied by plants. Secondary metabolites which may not play a
(03:22):
direct impact on life, but may be important for health.
These may include vitamins. Minerals are also present in plants.
And then there are at least one million other compounds
in plants, and that is where we start to look
at how they may affect our bodies and health, and that,
in a nutshell, is kind of what pharmacognazy is about.
Today we're going to talk about tannins another type of
(03:44):
chemical that are in plants. So technically tannins are defined
as secondary metabolites that can tan or convert animal skin
into leather or water soluble phenolics. Talked about phenols on
the last episode. Phenols basically a benzene ring which is
(04:05):
six carbon ring with three double bonds in there, plus
an hydroxyl group coming off of it. That's a hydrogen
and oxygen group coming off of it, and there are
So there are water soluble phenolics of a certain size
between three hundred and three thousand molar mass and with
the ability to precipitate proteins and alkaloids, so I can
(04:30):
do all that. They're originally classified into hydrolyzable and non
hydrolyzable or condensed tannins. Hydrolyzable means it can be broken
down with some water as well using water, hydrogen, and oxygen.
More recently, there are four major types categorized by their structures.
We have gallotanninslagitannins, complex tannins, and condensed tannins. Gallotannins are polymer,
(04:58):
so polymer means single units that are attached. Multiples are
attached together, so Galotanins are polymers of galoyle units galoil units,
so when you have multiples attached together, that's a polymer
attached to polyol units and include tannic acid in Chinese
and Turkish gallotanin, so those are galotanins. We have a
(05:21):
lagitanins contain hexa hydroxy diphene oil or HHDP. These are
just again these are just different chemical structures. Complex tennons
have a catechin unit bound glycosidically to a gallotanin or
an lagitanin unit. So we talked about glycosides in our
last episode of glycoside is basically something that has a
(05:43):
sugar bound to it as well, so we have a
in this case, Complex sens have a catechin unit bound
with a sugar to a gallotanin or a lagitanin Unitdense tannins,
also called pro anthocyanidines, are oligome, so I mean they
have a few polymers, can be very large. Oligomeric means
(06:05):
a few or several repeating chemicals and polymeric so it
can be more than just a few pro Anthinoscinidines formed
by the link to one ketchin with another one. That's
a lot of chemistry there. Okay, we're moving on quickly.
Data supports the use of many tenons for the external
(06:25):
treatment of skin injuries and inflammation, and internally may help
chrome diseases, and may be antioxidant, antimicrobial, which means it's
good against bacteria, viruses and maybe other microbes. Cardioprotective so
it helps the heart, anti diabetic, anti obesity, and anti
mutagenic which can help prevent cancer from forming. Tenins may
(06:52):
reduce the absorption of proteins, certain drugs, and GI issues.
High doses of of catkins can cause hepatitis, renal failure
that's kidney failure, hemolytic anemia which is where the blood
is getting broken down frombo cide openia which means fewer
(07:14):
platelets which is not a good thing, fever, and skin issues.
So there can be quite a bit of issues here
at higher doses, especially with catakins. Chinese herbs. Chinese herbs
that contain tens include er Cha lu cha which is
green tea, wolong cha which is oolong tea, wubedzadu, and
(07:36):
hudson not do you a little bit, is you know?
A little bit? Commonly used. The rest are not super
commonly used. Tea, of course, is super commonly used more
than that. And without quick introduction to tannins as beneficial
components of plants. Let's get into our herb of the day.
(08:00):
So we do have an herbal legend if we haven't
done one of these in a little while. I have
this great little book called Chinese Herbal Legends, which have
little stories about fifty herbs, so you know not you
know there's three hundred herbs. So that's one out of
six herbs, which is probably about well over ravaging. So
this one does have a nice herbal legend, so I
(08:22):
have it here. The following story is from that book
by Ju and Ju, so let's get into it. On
the double ninth Festival, a group of rich young men
had a crab eating contest in a wine shop. Because
the crabs were delicious, they ate many the empty crab
shells piled up like a small tower on the table
(08:44):
while twelve. So this is an interest when I have
to give you a little bit of background watt as
we get into this. Watwa is one of the most
famous doctors in Chinese medicine. I had just said that
he performed surgery. Uh, and he's as far as I know.
I mean, there are certain family points and everything, but
as far as I know, his are the only points
that we all learned. There's a whole series of points
(09:07):
called Wato Jaji or Quato's magic points that we use frequently,
very frequently as acupuncture points. So Wato incredibly famous Chinese
doctor so Watuo also came there to have a drink
with his student. When he saw the young men having
their crabbating contest and eating crazily, he kindly tried to
persuade them to stop. Crabs are cold, so you'd better
(09:31):
not eat too much. Crabb eating contest won't be good
for you, young men. We eat what we paid for.
Who wants to listen to you? The young men rudely replied,
If you eat more, you will suffer from diarrhea. It
could endanger your lives. Get away with you. Don't try
to frighten us. Even if we die of eating, what
(09:52):
business is it of yours? Not listening to Huatwo's advice,
these young men continued their extravagant eating and drinking. Crabs
are delicious. Who says that people may die by eating them?
Let's eat as we like. To make the old man
die of jealousy. One of them shouted. As Watwo saw
they acted so rashly, he went to see the shop owner.
(10:14):
You mustn't sell them more wine, or they will die
of it, said Wa two. As the shop owner wanted
to earn money from these young men, Why should he
listen to waw two? Even if something happens, What business
is it of yours? Mind your own business and leave
mine alone, said the boss angrily, while Two could only
sit down with a sigh and drink his own wine.
(10:37):
At midnight, the young men suddenly cried out that they
were suffering from stomach ache. Some of them were even
sweating all over, and some rolled about under the table.
What's wrong with you? The owner, hurridley asked, We are
suffering from some serious stomach aches. Please help us and
send for a doctor at once. Where can I find
a doctor? Midnight? Please help us, otherwise we will die.
(11:01):
I am a doctor, Quato said, came and came over
to them, turning pale with fright. The young man cried out, oh,
but they had no time to care about losing face,
and cried, master, please give us a cure. Didn't you
refuse my advice just now, asked Watwe. A great person
doesn't care about a common person's mistake. Please have mercy
(11:22):
on us and save us. We will pay you as
much as you want. I don't want water, I don't
want money. We will give you whatever you like. I
want you to promise me one thing, not just one.
We will promise you one thousand, even ten thousand things.
Please tell us what it is. From now on, you
(11:43):
should listen to old men's advice and not be so reckless. Certainly,
please save us. Quato went out with his student to
gather some stems and leaves of a kind of purple grass,
which he then decocted for the young men. After they
drink this medicinal language liquid, their stomach ache stopped. How
(12:03):
are you feeling now, asked Wato, much better. At that time,
there was no name for this kind of medicinal herb.
Because the patients felt really comfortable after taking it, Wato
named it the Shoe. The young men said goodbye to
Watwell with many thanks, and went home. That was dangerous.
(12:28):
You shouldn't only want to earn money, You should also
care about people's lives, said Watwo to the shop owner.
The owner nodded ashamed. What book says that these leaves
of purple grass can reduce crab poison? Said Watwo's student.
Wato told his student that this knowledge was not found
(12:48):
in books, but he had learnt it from animals. One summer,
while Watwo was gathering medicinal herbs along a river bank,
he saw otter seas of big fish ate it for
a long time, until its belly was as big as
a drum. The otter was sometimes in the water, sometimes
on the bank, sometimes lay motionlessly, and sometimes moving wildly about.
(13:12):
It seemed to be feeling extremely poorly, But after it
climbed to a piece of land with purple grass beside
the bank and ate some leaves and least still for
a while, it was as well as usual. Waltwo thought that,
according to the theory of Chinese medicine, since fish is
cold in nature and the purple grass is warm in nature,
(13:33):
the purple grass could perhaps reduce fish poison. From then on,
he kept it in mind. Later, waltoa made pills and
medicinal powder with stems and leaves of the grass. It
discovered that it had the ability to release cold and
was good for the spleen It could also moisten lungs,
(13:54):
cure cough in clear phlegm. Because this medicinal herb was
purple and made people comfort, Wato named it zishu or
purple and comfortable, so purple comfortable, but nobody knows why
people later called it sue. This su, which is what
it is today, zis su. Yeah, yeah, you meaning leaf.
So Zi sue is the plant and that's our herbal
(14:17):
legend for this herb. So let's talk about this herb.
It comes from the family Labiata labiate. Standard species is
Perilla fruticens el brit. The medicinal part in this context
is the leaf. We've actually already talked about Zi sugung,
which is the root, and I believe the stems are
(14:38):
also have medicinal properties as well, but today we're talking
about the leaf. And the English translation of this is
pretty sure for purple perilla leaf. Other names for this
include beef steak plant, Japanese basil, Japanese milissia, purple mint,
purple perilla, shiso sialam, wild colius, Korean perilla suye, zisu
(15:04):
jasuya and in Japanese shisoyo, and in Korean jaso yop
yop j a s o y e op, I don't
know how to pronounce Japanese or a crandsom, doing my
best and apologize. So let's talk about that Lapiate family. Labat,
also known as the as the Lamanasier family, includes flowering
(15:26):
plants commonly known as the mint, dead nettle, or sage family. Generally,
laminasier is considered the more correct name. The Labiate is
a correct alternative. So this came from the you know,
the my main Chinese herb text, which was was written
in two thousand and four, so it's going on twenty years,
(15:48):
and there's always rejuggling of the names of these things,
so you know, when the book was written, Labiate was
probably the correct name. It still is a correct alternative,
but now lamanase Is is the more correct name for
this family. And this family includes many aromatic, culinary medicinal herbs,
including basal mint, rosemary, sage, savory, marjoram, regano, hissop thyme, lavender, salvia, catnimp,
(16:16):
oriental motherwort, and prilla. There are approximately two hundred and
thirty six genera and up to seventy five hundred species
in this family and the flowers are usually bisexual, so
they have both male and female parts on them. So
that's a note a quick overview of the family. Let's
get back into Zisuyer or Prilla. So according to ben
(16:41):
Ski and his team, so we have, as you may recall,
we have three main texts we look at at single herbs,
and then a couple other texts as well. So the three,
I mean, one of them is Benski at all, and
they say the dosage is five to nine grams. Our
other texts Chen and Chen's text which basically agrees with
five to ten grams, so slightly different but pretty much
(17:03):
the same. For you know, Benski is a little bit
more traditional, so they tend to go with multiples of three,
so six to nine, six to twelve, six to fifteen,
which is based on a traditional measurement. Chanchen is a
little bit more modern, and they tend to go with
fives and tens, just to make a little bit easier
in a modern context. But so five to nine and
five to ten are basically the same. Brandon Wiseman, however,
(17:27):
say the dose is three to ten, so it goes
lower intocoction, but thirty to sixty grams can be used
for fish or crab poising, so much higher dose for
fish or crab poisoning. Then Brandon Wiseman is our third
major textbook that we look at. So the category for
the Surbenski and his team put the serve in the
warm acrid herbs that release the exterior subcategory under herbs
(17:50):
that release the exterior. Chenchen say it is in the
wind cold releasing herb subcategory under the extra releasing a
herbs category, so exactly the same. They just one talks
about what the herb is, you know what the structure
of the herb is warm and acrid, and the other
one is what it does, so it releases when cold.
So but they're both exactly the same category. And Brian
(18:12):
Weisman say it is in it is a warm acrid
exterior resolving medicinal under the exter resolving medicinals category. So
they all pretty much agree. There might be a little
bit of translational difference, but they all are basically saying
the same thing. All three of our sources say it
is acrid and warm, so spicy acrid, warm, and it
(18:32):
enters the lung and swinging channels. But with Benski They
also add it is aromatic. It's an aromatic herb. So
this is interesting. I always love it when our sources different.
So Benski at All and Chen who are the two
books that actually include first mentioned original sources for the herb?
They disagree on the original source for the irb. Benski
(18:56):
it All says it was first mentioned in the Material
medic of Medicinal Properties or the Yaushing ben Su, written
by Jen Chuan during the Tong dynasty or around six
hundred CE. Chen Chen say it was first mentioned in
the collection of commentaries in the Classic of the Material
Medica and Ben Sau jing ji Ju by tel hoong
Jing in four eighty to four ninety eight SE, so
(19:19):
at least one hundred years before that. So of course
when there's a descrepancy like that, I want to go, okay,
how can I resolve this discrepancy? So another article written
by Wu in twenty twenty three, So the first mention
was during the Western Han dynasty, which went from two
hundred to BCE to two twenty CE, so four hundred
year period. But the first medicinal use was recorded around
(19:43):
five hundred C in the miscellaneous records of famous physicians.
Mie ming Yi Ba lu so Wu actually kind of
agrees with chen Chen that it's around five hundred C,
but says it was in a totally different book. So
what I get three different sources, say, three different original
(20:06):
sources for the herb I don't not as not being
an herbal historian and access to having original versions of
these books. I can't say which is right and which
one isn't. All I can say is there's controversy over this,
but at least it seems to be at least medically
around five or six hundred CE. So let's talk about
(20:30):
herbs that release sixer. We have now discussed this category
subcategory verbs several times during adventures examining Chinese herbs, and
we will repeat that information here because it just it
completes everything that is going on. Without this in this context,
I think it would hurt our episodes. So I'm gonna
go over it again. So if you've heard it before,
I apologize and appreciate you continuing listening, of course, but
(20:52):
let's get into it again. It's a good reminder these
are important herbs. So according to Benski, at all extra
releasing herbs are those that release disorders lodged in the
very superficial levels of the body. When external pathogenic factors
include wind, heat, when cold, when damness in summer heat
invade the body, they first attack its superficial exterior aspects.
(21:17):
Symptoms associated with the exterior then appear chills, fever, headache,
stiff neck, and general muscle aches. Sometimes sweating will appear,
which resolves the condition, in which case no treatment is necessary.
At other times, however, there will be an absence of sweating,
or even though there is sweating, it is not accompanied
(21:37):
by any change in the condition. At this juncture, herbs
that release the exterior are used. Most exterior releasing herbs
are diaphoretics, that is, they release or expel the external
pathogenic influences through sweating. There is a sane in Chinese medicine.
When the diseases in the skin, sweating will bring it out.
(22:01):
When a disease progresses slightly further into the body is
said to lodge in the muscle layer. The clinical presentation
that includes fever, general body aches, and profuse sweating. At
this stage, especially when the patient is sweated without any
beneficial change in their condition, it is appropriate to use
the subset of herbs that release the muscle layer. The
(22:23):
most prominent member of this group is cinemami ramulus or
guader at cinnamon twig not bark, so it's not or spice,
it's the twig of the tree. Some of the herbs
that release the exter have additional functions stopping coughs and wheezing,
controlling pain or spasms, inventing rashes such as measles. So
(22:46):
that is the herbs that release the exterior. Benski at
all continue to discuss the subcategory of warm acroerbs that
release the exterior. Herbs that release the exterior can be
further divided by character and function into warm acrid and
cool acrid classes. The warm acrid herbs dispel wind cold
and are used for exterior disorders when the fever is mild,
(23:10):
that chills severe. And there are other signs and symptoms
of wind cold in headache, body and neck pains, and
absence of thirst. So those are our categories, our category
in our subcategory of this herb, let's talk about good
quality of this herb. So benski at all say. Good
(23:31):
quality consists of big, unfragmented and stalkless leaves of purple
color and an intensely aromatic fragrance. So here's another one
of our sort of i would say, associated textbooks. It's
called the Chinese Medicinal Identification and Illustrated Approach by Jao
and Chen. And that's great when we're trying to get
at good quality herbs. And they say zisuye is generally
(23:57):
wrinkled and curled broken after the leaf is spread flat.
It has a semi circular shape. It has a brittle
texture with a clear fresh aroma, and is in a
slightly acrid taste. Superior equality consists of leaves that are
intact and purple with a potent aroma. So both of
(24:19):
them say that aroma, that fragrance is quite important for
good quality zisue. So what does it do? What are
its medical Chinese medical actions? So, according to Benski and
his team, zisuye releases the exterior and disperses cold for
externally contracted when cold with such symptoms as fever, chills, headache,
(24:40):
nasal congestion, cough, or a stifling sensation in the chest,
it promotes the movement of chi and expands the chest
for nausea, vomiting, or poor appetite also used as an
auxiliary herb to invigorate the blood, to move the blood.
It's also used during pregnancy for calming and restless fetus
(25:03):
or for morning sickness. And finally, it resolves seafood poisoning,
used either alone or with other herbs. So as we
get into this, we're gonna talk about a lot. This
is a useful herb for when you have a wind cold.
It can't be a useful for it, but I kinda
tell you I don't see it used that often in
(25:24):
wind cold conditions. It's a great herb for that, but
there are better herbs for that generally. What you hear
about this herb over and over again is it's great
for seafood poisoning. And it's the seafood poisoning aspect that's
really interesting. I tease that we're going to talk a
little bit about sushi earlier on, and let's do that
now because now we're talking about seafood poisoning. So, if
(25:48):
you've ever been to a high end or maybe I
should say middle end restaurant a sushi restaurant, they will
often have a fresh leaf prilla as a garnish with sushi.
This is the reason why. Because the resolves seafood poison
it's traditional to have with sushi because of that. If
(26:09):
you ever had cheap sushi that you bought like a
grocery store or if you're like me, sometimes at a costco,
and you get that green plastic that is cut jaggedly,
that green plastic is a representation of this prilla leaf.
One of the things that we didn't talk about the
(26:29):
good quality is the leaf has sort of a a
saw like edge to it, so and we kind of
have a bigger saw like edge to that green plastic.
That green plastic that you get with relative that separates
relative relatively cheap sushi is a representation, as this ca
of this herb. And so that's interesting. Now I gotta say,
(26:51):
I'm not seeing that as much as I used to.
That little green plastic which is probably good and we
probably don't need it and doesn't do anything other than
decorated a little bit. But that's where that actually comes from.
It's because the resolves seafood poisoning. There you go, you
know your sushi, You know that you should know this herb.
By the way, very very common, uh sushi is actually
(27:13):
just a ball of of of of rice with shisa
which is perilla leaf and I can't remember off the
top is it wrapped in the pre leaf or is
it part in the ball? I can't remember, But it's
a it's a common uh you know, sort of home
made sort of type of sushi. Okay, So that was
(27:34):
all Benski and a little bit of me going in there.
Let's talk about Chen and Chen what they say the
transmittical actions are so Chen Chen say it releases the experience, dispels,
dispels cold. Okay, we know that it regulates chi and
expands the chest, harmonizes the middle jow or middle burner,
and alleviates nausea and vomiting. I have a question here,
(27:57):
is it for seafood poisoning with this bad meal comes
from two old food already smells bad. The answer to
that is yes, it's supposed to help that, but I
would probably suggest don't eat this smell bad food before, uh,
and so then you wouldn't have to you wouldn't have
to eat the prilla. But yeah, it's that's the sort
(28:18):
of thing it can help with. But sometimes you know,
see food is bad and you don't really realize it's
bad and you can help with that. So okay, it's
back to chen and chen uh So harmonize the middle
jow middle burner. We've talked about that in the past
and Sperbserbs alleviates nausea and vomiting. It also calms the fetus.
So again, this is the comm the fetus herb. We
(28:39):
have a few of those in our in our formulary
in the material Medica. This is not one of those.
I like this herb a lot because it not only
coms the fetus but also can help morning sickness. It's
great for nausea and vomiting. So I really like this orb.
But it's it's it's not commonly used for that. I
think of other herbs first when I think about comming
the fetus, but this is definitely a nerve I keep
(29:01):
in mind because of that anti nausea aspect of it
as well. Finally, I mean, what's one of the main
things we think about for NASA vomiting is fresh ginger
And it's the same category as this, same subcategory as this,
so yeah, right in there, same thing. So there you go.
So finally they say, finally it alleviates seafood poising, So
(29:22):
again we have that seafood poising aspect of this. Brandon
Wiseman or third texts say it diffuses the exterior and
disperses cold moves chi and loosens the center, and has
several additional uses such as treating abdominal pain, vomiting, and
diarrhea from eating fish or crabs. So that's seafood poisoning.
(29:44):
And then our sort of semi textbook that we use
here is Chinese, that Chinese Medicinal Identification and Illustrated Approach book,
and they say, well, it says it resolves the exterior,
disperses cold moves, she harmonizes the stomach, diffuses the lung,
transforms phlegm, and calms the fetus, so that they don't
really mention the seafood poisoning aspect of it. But other
(30:09):
than that, you can see that all of these are
pretty similar in what they say that SERB does, which
means there's no discrepancies, which is good and also kind
of not common. Okay, preparation, So Benski and his team
has a discussion of one special preparation. This is dry
fried prillo leaves are chow su zissuye. The leaves are
(30:30):
fried lightly and briefly over a warm flame. For prepared
Perla leaves jerdzuye, they are spread with a honeywater mixture
before lightly frying dry. These methods both reduce the aroma
and pungency of zisuye so that the leaves are less
sweat inducing. This is an advantage in treating older, weaker,
(30:52):
or yin deficient patients who would be injured by excessive sweating. Nowadays, however,
leaves are almost always used in their unprepared raw state
of less sweating is needed, the dosage is reduced, or
herbs to support the normal cheat are added for best results.
When used for releasing the exteriors, this CIA should be
(31:15):
added at the very end of boiling the decoction. And
that is something that both Chen and Chen Textbook and
Brandon Wise and both say as well, which we're going
to see right now, say when cooking the decoction is
this CIA should be added last and cooked for only
a few minutes. So whenever we talk about aromatic, you
know there's an aromatic smell while we're talking about our
(31:36):
essential oils. Essential oils tend to boil off very quickly
in a decoction or anything that has heat, and so
you don't want to lose those essential oils because a
lot of the efficacy of the herb, most of the
herbs that are aromatic, is in those essential oils. So
that's why they tend to be added last. Sometimes I
don't even added last. This say isn't cook for only
(31:57):
a few minutes. Sometimes you don't even cook them. You
just you take it off the flame and then add
it in to the to the decoction, which you could
do with this this leaf as well, or cooking for
a few minutes as well. Brandon Weisman agree, simply saying
it should not be boiled for long. So there you go.
So that is preparations. Let's talk about some of Western
(32:18):
uses for this herb, or maybe better to say lack
of Western uses for this herb. The PDR for Herbal
Medicines does have an entry for this herb, but its
indication for use are from Chinese medicine and reiterate a
lot of what we've already discussed, So in other words,
they don't really have a traditional Western use of this
(32:39):
herb in that book, which is pretty much a Western
urbal book for the most part, it has some Chinese herbs,
but mostly it's a Western urbal book. Similarly, web md
dot com doesn't include any uses for this herb. It
has a heading for it, but it doesn't it doesn't
say that there are any known uses or it had
(33:02):
something like evidence doesn't shown any particular uses for this
herb something along those signs. It seems from a cursory
literature review, this herb well relatively well known. What surprising
me is all these sources did have an entry on
this herb, so it's well known, but does not None
of them really had any traditional Western uses for the irb.
(33:23):
So it's kind of weird because often I'll find some
of our our more well known Chinese herbs, we'll talk
about some of the Western uses there at least they're
kind of known in Western herbal traditions and have some
some entries, but not this herb. Okay, so let's do
(33:43):
commentary on this Cua. So Venski at All as usual
has an excellent and extensive commentary on this herb, and
here we go. It's acrid flavor enters the chi level,
while it's purple color signals that it enters the blood level.
So that's an interest when if you're not familiar, it
just colors mean things in Chinese medicine, so that plays
(34:05):
a role here as well. It's a blood level. These
are the opening words from the discussion of Zisuie in
Essentials of the Material Medica or the bensal be Yo,
written by Wang'ong in sixteen sixty four. Further description is
found in Seeking Accuracy in the Materia Medica or the
bensu chio Jen written by Huang Goong Chio in seventeen
(34:28):
seventy three. Quote it's aroma can vent outwind outward. Its
warmth can warm the middle, facilitating the comfort of the
whole body. Thus it's named revivify sue. That's where sue
comes in Materia Medica of food stuffs, adds that it
can bring down floating chein the chest and diaphragm. So
(34:50):
this material medical food stuffs. If you if you missed it,
which would be easy to do, I do not have
a Chinese name for it, nor do I have a
timing for it. And the reason why is Benski is
a huge book and and uh it has a fantastic
in the back, not a bibel progiography. A list of
(35:12):
all of the books that they refer to in the book,
in the context, in the in the book itself, and
it didn't have an entry on the material medical of
food stuffs. And so I went and put that into Google,
the Google machine, and it didn't come up with anything either.
So I just have no idea what this book is
or where it's from or what time. So it's it's interesting.
(35:36):
I mean, there are hundreds of entries in Benski, so
I don't fault them at all for missing one. Man,
it's such a great book, so no issues with that
at all, but I am curious as to when this
was written. But there you go. So that's the material
medical food stuffs and they say it can bring down
floating chee in the chest and die from uh. Continue
(35:58):
with the commentary briefly. Most classical text warn however, that
continued consumption will drain away true chi same cavet applies
to all acrid dispersing herbs, So you don't want to
be on these for too too long. Once the cold
is resolved, let it go. So that's the commentary on this.
(36:19):
Let's talk comparisons. Bensky compareson to serve with one other
herb and ied I love this herb. It's the feder
herb of Huang, fantastic herb, banned in most developed countries.
I would say, you can't get it. I just ordered
it though I need it for photography purposes because I
(36:41):
keep talking about Mawang and I need to have more
photographs of it. So just got in the mill. I
ordered it through eBay and it was from I don't know,
Singapore or Hong Kong or something along those lines. Took
several weeks to get here, but I got it. You
can get it, and you know, I know I could.
If I were to walk into an herb store in
(37:03):
you know, a Chinese herb store in town, I get
asked for ask them if they have it. I've never
had any issue getting it in the past. That doesn't
mean they haven't cracked down and it would be easy
to get in the future. But I haven't had any
problems in the past. It's great herb, but we're not
supposed to and I would never use it on a patient.
I would use it on myself sometimes my herbalist recommends
it to me. I do all my own herbal stuff,
(37:25):
and so I would put it in my stuff without
any issues whatsoever. But anyways, so there's mahuang herbofedera so
while and this is what the comparison is to that
while zi cuia is accurate and can disperse while inducing sweating,
it is not as strong as the federa Herba malwang
in this regard. It's aroma promotes the movement of lung
and spleen. Shee harmonizes the middle and calms the fetus,
(37:47):
qualities which are lacking in a federa herba mahwank So
Mawang is the strongest to induce sweating. But this is
pretty useful in a lot of ways. So that's the
comparison with hoang short but sweet. There are some combinations
of herbs, so this benski at all combines this are
with three others. One of those is with siperior rhizoma
(38:10):
as chiang fu. This two herb combination is excellent for
tweening exeter wind cold where there is a pre existing
chie constraint. This will present with exterior symptoms such as
chills and fever, headache, and lack of sweating, with concurrent
symptoms of cheese stagnations such as stuffy chest, burping and flatulence.
(38:30):
This combination can be used alone as part of a
larger formula, such as syperius and perilla leaf powder hiangsu son,
but the choice of which herbs shall serve as chief
depends upon which symptoms are primary. Zi Sue releases the
exterior but also has the ability to move middle burner chi.
The addition of the acrid mobilizing quality of siperior rhizoma
(38:52):
as chiang fu assures that the congealing cold which is
blocking the protective chi is released and that the path
will thereby be dispersed via the exterior. Siperiorhizoma chiang fu, however,
contributes more than just facilitating chi movement. It also moves
(39:12):
to ch at the blood level. When one considers that
the locus of disruption in an invasion of the exterior
is the disharmony between the protective and the nutritive chi,
and if the latter is intimately associated with the blood,
the elegance of this apparently simple combination becomes apparent. So
that's our first combination. Our second one is about a
(39:33):
nerve we've been talking about zingabaros rhizoma reson shinjung. This
is fresh ginger, so both herbs release the exterior and
can induce sweating. The acrid warm nature of zisuie disperses
with a light she that unblocks and a light flavor
that can drain. In this way, it dispenses exterior pathogens
(39:55):
while clearing the head and eyes, drains the lung chi
and unblocks the ristices and pores, thereby treating invasion of
either wind or cold. Singebara Rhizoma resons zenjiang fresh ginger
is acrid and warm. While it can disperse exter whend cold,
its sweat inducing action is rather weak by itself. Combined
(40:18):
with zisuye, it is much stronger. This combination is very
effective in treating when cold exterior patterns with symptoms of chills, fever, headache,
nasal congestion, and most importantly, the absence of sweating. Interestingly,
both zingebarous rhizoma recens shenjiang and zisuye can be used
(40:40):
individually as an antidote to seafood poisoning. Together this effect
is increased. The pair is therefore often used for the vomiting,
abdominal pain, and diarrhea that results from this kind of
food poisoning. Our third combination is with Pogis stamonis herba
or guang ho chiang. Zisuye is stronger at releasing the exterior,
(41:05):
but Pogostemis stemonis herba guang ho hiang is better at
aromatically transforming dampness. Thus, a combination of the turbs transforms dampness,
regulates the flow of chi, and harmonizes the stomach, stops
nausea and vomiting, and is often used for turbid dampness,
encumbering the spleen leading to lethargy, stifling sensation in the chest, nausea,
(41:28):
loss of appetite, diarrhea or loose stools, and a thick
tongue coating. For this indication, Perrilla colus zisugung can be
used instead of zisu. Yeah. This combination also releases the
exterior in cases of externally contracted pathogens, such as externally
(41:50):
contracted cold occurring during hot and damp summer weather with fever, lethargy,
stifling sensation in the chest, and nausea. For this indication,
ziz is preferred for its superior ability to release the exterior.
And that's our combinations today. Let's talk about contents, so
(42:12):
according to Benski, at all the contents of this herb
include several volatile oils such as perilla aldehyde, perilla alcohol,
and dihydro perilla alcohol, and other constituents such as perillicide,
perill perilla, lil B, beta, D glucopre on, pyranoside, cumic acid,
(42:32):
and tannins. We mentioned tannin's earlier here, so tannins are
included here. Chin highlight essential oils, as well as apogenin, scutilleroncinin,
She's sonin, anthocyanins, and cyanogenic glycosides. Ahmed, who did a
(42:55):
review paper on this herb, says there are currently two
hundred and seventy one various phytochemical compounds that have been
isolated and reported in perliceeds, stems, and leaves. Based on
the chemical properties, these active compounds and perlic could be
classified either as hydrophilic included phenolic acids, flabinoids, athocyanins, or
(43:16):
hydrophobic lipophilic ones. Hydrophobic and lipophilic are the same thing.
One says, it's hydrophobic means fearing water or doesn't is
not water syble. Limophilic means it loves or likes fats
or fat syble and so that's the way it goes off.
It's water soliuable, it's fat insoluble, and if it's water insoluble,
(43:39):
it's fat soluble, so this is fat soliuble constituents as well.
These include volatile compounds triterpenes, phytosterols, fatty acids, to coffer rolls,
and polico polycosinols poly Let's talk about some of the
(44:01):
science here. According to Chin and Chin, the pharmacological effects
of this CIA include the following actions, mainly according to
animal studies. Is anti poetics, so it lowers temperature and fevers.
Diaphyritic so that it causes sweating. Broncho dilator opens up
the lungs the lung the bronchioles of the lung. Antibiotic
(44:23):
so it treats bacteria. GI stimulate gas from intestinal stimulus,
so it helps the intestines. It's great. That's probably why
it helps NOA gen vomiting, and hypergolcemic, so it can
actually cause sugar to go into the blood. They also
discuss two clinical studies, one with an end of twenty
so small not statistically valid. Remember, we need thirty to
(44:44):
forty to be statistically valid, should positive results when treating
warts topically with this herb ground into a paste. The
other story with an end of one hundred and eight,
so now we're talking statistically valid a pretty decent size,
not great, but pretty decent used in extract. The solvent
was not mentioned, so we don't know what kind of extract.
Was an alcohol extract, water extract, but again applied topically
(45:07):
to positively treat cervical bleeding, So not typical uses for
this herb these clinical studies, but Ahmed also discussed pharmacological
properties as a sue, saying is antioxidant, antibacterial, anti fungal,
anti allergic, antidepressant, anti inflammatory, anti tumor, and possibly anti HIV.
(45:34):
That's useful. And then another the other overview study that
we looked at, WU and their team add it may
be anti obeste and anti androgen which may promote hair
growth at least in mice. That's an interesting use of
this herb. Not a traditional Chinese use. Drug urb interaction
(45:59):
is little true. Literature search did find several constituents of
the herb affected various our company for fifty isis iems. However,
this was all bench research. The interactions were mixed, some induced,
some inhibited, and none indicates what it may do in
clinical studies, so I can't I don't feel comfortable saying
it does or doesn't increase struggle of interactions. I would
(46:22):
say it's inconclusive. More study is necessary to see if
it does actually induce struggle of interactions clinically in people.
One of our books that I love is called the
American Herbal Products Association's Botanical Safety Handbook, and it just
gives it just has a humongous list of rbs and
what whether they're safe. They give a rating for Druger interactions,
(46:46):
and they also give a safety rating for the herb. Unfortunately,
that book does not have an entry on this herb
in particular. Though you know, I just I just saw
that this this book is available online and that they
do update it online. And the book was written in
twenty thirteen, so it's eleven years old. So I wondered
(47:07):
when I did this with this or being being online,
and I looked, but in order to look at it online,
you have to join the association, and joining the association
starts at about two thousand dollars. And so I would
love to have two thousand dollars earned from these this podcast,
so that I can afford that in the future. But
I don't think I'm I'm anywhere near that at this point,
(47:30):
so unfortunately there was no entry that I could find.
Let's talk about concerns of the Serb. So Benskin and
his team notes several concerns with sisuye. Under the heading
of cautions and contra indications, they say contradicated in those
with warm pathogen diseases or with chi and exterior deficiency.
(47:52):
Under the heading of traditional contra indications, they say an
extension of the material Medica benzal Yanyie written in eleven sixteen,
kozong Sure observed that nowadays people drink prila soup morning
and night, but it is not good for them, just
as the old medical saying has it that aromatic plants
cause diseases which steal away riches. This is one such case,
(48:17):
for example, and people with spleen and stomach cold, it
often causes running diarrhea without their realizing it. Remember this
is cold, so if you're already cold, this is not
a good thing to add. I didn't say it's cold,
it's cooling. It's cool cold is a grade more cold. So,
continuing with the traditional contraindications. In the centuries since this
(48:41):
was written, most material Medica texts repeated or paraphrased this passage.
In the discussion of xisuie chencher Dwell in new compilation
of Material Medica or the bensa Hien Bienn, written in
sixteen ninety four, was the first a question whether this
herb necessarily causes diarrhea in those with clean and stomach
cold close sunc Sure has a saying that people with
(49:04):
slein and stomach cold who consume Zi Suia usually have diarrhea,
but do they really? I say zi Suia is a
wind herb good at calming the liver. If Earth is
excessively controlled by wood, then people will often have diarrhea.
But once wood is calm, then earth will obtain the
(49:26):
nourishment it needs. It goes without saying that this suia
is acrid and warm. Acridity can expel damnous while warmth
can expel cold. I'm sorry, I got that totally wrong
with the swing stomach cold thing, so I apologize with that.
So is acrod to worm. Acrity can't expel damnous, while
warmth can expel cold, so people with slein stomach cold
(49:47):
should really not have any problem. How could it cause diarrhea.
It's only that acurate aromatic flavors are able to disperse
a person's true chi. Short term, this is no problem.
Long term it will cause an injury. This should also
be kept in mind. Continuing with traditional contra indications harm
(50:09):
and benefit in the material, Medica Bensu highly written by
Ling Kwan in eighteen ninety three, added some other concerns
about the herb. Its flavor is acrid and warm a
plant that is pure young. Thus, any patient with cheat
deficiency or weakness of the exterior should not take it,
nor should those with heat from yin deficiency fire causing
(50:31):
headaches or nausea. Under the heading of toxicity, they say
a large dosage of this herb can raise blood sugar
levels and should not be used in those suffering from diabetes.
That's interesting. The only herb I'm aware of that says that,
continuing with toxicity under Benski, in one case, fifteen grams
(50:53):
of the herb five times. That suggests maximum dose taken
as a decoction caused headache, nausea, diaphrasis rested. I am sorry.
Let's skip over this. This is not about the serve
at all. Please disregard what I just said. I'm moving on.
So chen Chin had similar concerns. Since zisuya is acron
(51:16):
and warm, it can easily damage in and chi. Therefore,
it should be used with caution in patients with febrile disorders,
in indeficiency, CHI deficiency, or exterior deficient synptromes without perspiration.
Zisuye should also be used with caution. For patients with
nausea caused by heat. Cisuye should be used only on
(51:36):
a short term basis. Long term use may lead to
CHI deficiency. They also say under the heading of toxicology,
administration of zizuya is occasionally associated with adverse reactions, over
stimulation and allergic reactions.
Speaker 2 (51:56):
Okay.
Speaker 1 (52:08):
The PDR for herbal Medicines says under the headings of Nope, sorry,
this is again not supposed to be there. Okay, moving on,
that's it, We're there. Oh that was a big one.
So today we started continuing discussion of pharmacognacy. Started with
(52:29):
continuing in our discussion of pharmacocacy with a conversation about tannins.
Then we looked at another single Chinese herb, zis Suier
Parilla folium or simply perilla leaf, an interesting warm acrid
herb that released the exterior that can also be used
to comma fetus and help seafood poisoning. As usual, we
(52:52):
explored all the intricacies of the serb as well as
an explanation of its category. With that, we conclude another
exploration of a very useful Chinese herb. But I love
this herb, one of my favorite herbs. Our next upper
episode will be looking at another herb of the world.
We're gonna be looking at lemon balm or Melissa officionalis.
(53:13):
This is a relatively well known medicinal and culinary herb
with some very interesting traditional uses. As always, we will
do our deep dive into this herb formula and look
at its traditional uses and its preparation interactions and cautions.
And as usual, we will be adding something a little different.
(53:34):
What will be continuing our look at pharmacocacy. We'll do
something different as a little different and something a little different.
It's gonna be another interesting vacation into the exciting continent
of herbs. Please join us in two weeks and I'd
like to thank you very much for being there today.
If you liked this podcast, please do us a huge
(53:55):
favor describe in your favorite podcast app. We thank you
for been considering doing that that does wonders for us
and helps us grow. And remember you can get this
course as well as many others as continuing education units
and National Certification coffiicient of Acupunction Oriental Medicine Professional Development
Activities at Integrative Medicinecouncil dot org. That's www dot Integrative
(54:21):
Medicine Council c O U N say c i L
dot org. And don't forget that twenty percent off with
the code s H two zero off s H twenty
off all lowercase. And you can always get in touch
with me at doctor Greg at sperbserbs dot com or
at our website www dot sperbserbs dot com. That's s
(54:46):
p E r B s H E r b s
dot com. And as usual, we have a good bibliography.
Thank you very much, appreciate you joining us today. Have
a good one, spurs. The preceding was presented by doctor
Greg Spermer. We would like to thank Janelle for Awler's
(55:07):
support and everybody else who contributed to this program, Roger Campbell,
Angelica. Hi, and welcome to Sperbservs episode eighty three. Today
we're gonna be talking about a excuse me, let me
do that again. Excuse me? Wow, Okay, let me do another. Click. Hi,
(00:28):
and welcome to sperbs Herbs episode eighty three. Today we're
gonna be talking about another Chinese herb, ziz su yea
our prilla folium also known as simply perilla leaf, and
it's a great herbal forma. So let's see what we're
going to talk about today. We're going to be looking
at another single Chinese herbs. This Suye perilla folium or simply
(00:50):
perla leaf. As I just mentioned, this serve is another
herb in the Chinese medical subcategory of warm acrid herbs
that release the exterior and can be used in erg Yeah,
can be used to come a fetus and help seafood poisoning.
In fact, you are probably aware of this irb even
(01:10):
if you've never heard of before, especially if you eat sushi.
We'll talk about that in just a minute. As usual,
we will explore all the intricacies of this herb as
well as an explanation of its category, and as always,
we will look at something a little different. We will
continue our discussion of pharmacognancy with a conversation about tannins today.
Please stay tuned for this intriguing episode. Before we get
(01:35):
into that, I'd like to remind you and talk about
I've been teaching for quite a while now on a
wide variety of topics. If you like this podcast, we
want to explore more of my courses. They are available
at www dot Integrative Medicine Council dot org. That's Integrated
Medicine Council Council dot org and include a ton of
(01:56):
different topics, including my Drug Herb series looking at drugs
and how they interact with herbs and vice versa, several
ethics and safety courses, Chinese medical research, several treatment of
condition courses such as arthritis and I can back pain,
COVID and depression and anxiety, and one of my favorite courses,
the Chinese Herbal First Aid Kit. And they're all at
(02:18):
a reasonable cost full stop. They're reasonable cost period, but
you can also get an additional twenty person off with
the code SH two zero off SH for sperbserves twenty off,
and that is all lower case SAH twenty off twenty
percent off are already low prices, so don't hesitate. Go
(02:39):
check out the courses. There's lots of cool ones. If
you can't find one that you're interested in, let me know,
let me know what you're interested I'll make one up
for you. So with that, let's talk about pharmacognozy and tannins.
In our last episode we discuss pharmacognzy and glycosides based
on my new class on pharmacognosy and Chinese medicine in
(02:59):
the Integrative New Nutrition series. Today we will discuss another
category of secondary metabolites commonly found in plants, tannins. As
a reminder, primary metabolites are necessary for life include fats, carbohydrates,
and amino acids and proteins, all of which can be
supplied by plants. Secondary metabolites which may not play a
(03:22):
direct impact on life, but may be important for health.
These may include vitamins. Minerals are also present in plants.
And then there are at least one million other compounds
in plants, and that is where we start to look
at how they may affect our bodies and health, and that,
in a nutshell, is kind of what pharmacognazy is about.
Today we're going to talk about tannins another type of
(03:44):
chemical that are in plants. So technically tannins are defined
as secondary metabolites that can tan or convert animal skin
into leather or water soluble phenolics. Talked about phenols on
the last episode. Phenols basically a benzene ring which is
(04:05):
six carbon ring with three double bonds in there, plus
an hydroxyl group coming off of it. That's a hydrogen
and oxygen group coming off of it, and there are
So there are water soluble phenolics of a certain size
between three hundred and three thousand molar mass and with
the ability to precipitate proteins and alkaloids, so I can
(04:30):
do all that. They're originally classified into hydrolyzable and non
hydrolyzable or condensed tannins. Hydrolyzable means it can be broken
down with some water as well using water, hydrogen, and oxygen.
More recently, there are four major types categorized by their structures.
We have gallotanninslagitannins, complex tannins, and condensed tannins. Gallotannins are polymer,
(04:58):
so polymer means single units that are attached. Multiples are
attached together, so Galotanins are polymers of galoyle units galoil units,
so when you have multiples attached together, that's a polymer
attached to polyol units and include tannic acid in Chinese
and Turkish gallotanin, so those are galotanins. We have a
(05:21):
lagitanins contain hexa hydroxy diphene oil or HHDP. These are
just again these are just different chemical structures. Complex tennons
have a catechin unit bound glycosidically to a gallotanin or
an lagitanin unit. So we talked about glycosides in our
last episode of glycoside is basically something that has a
(05:43):
sugar bound to it as well, so we have a
in this case, Complex sens have a catechin unit bound
with a sugar to a gallotanin or a lagitanin Unitdense tannins,
also called pro anthocyanidines, are oligome, so I mean they
have a few polymers, can be very large. Oligomeric means
(06:05):
a few or several repeating chemicals and polymeric so it
can be more than just a few pro Anthinoscinidines formed
by the link to one ketchin with another one. That's
a lot of chemistry there. Okay, we're moving on quickly.
Data supports the use of many tenons for the external
(06:25):
treatment of skin injuries and inflammation, and internally may help
chrome diseases, and may be antioxidant, antimicrobial, which means it's
good against bacteria, viruses and maybe other microbes. Cardioprotective so
it helps the heart, anti diabetic, anti obesity, and anti
mutagenic which can help prevent cancer from forming. Tenins may
(06:52):
reduce the absorption of proteins, certain drugs, and GI issues.
High doses of of catkins can cause hepatitis, renal failure
that's kidney failure, hemolytic anemia which is where the blood
is getting broken down frombo cide openia which means fewer
(07:14):
platelets which is not a good thing, fever, and skin issues.
So there can be quite a bit of issues here
at higher doses, especially with catakins. Chinese herbs. Chinese herbs
that contain tens include er Cha lu cha which is
green tea, wolong cha which is oolong tea, wubedzadu, and
(07:36):
hudson not do you a little bit, is you know?
A little bit? Commonly used. The rest are not super
commonly used. Tea, of course, is super commonly used more
than that. And without quick introduction to tannins as beneficial
components of plants. Let's get into our herb of the day.
(08:00):
So we do have an herbal legend if we haven't
done one of these in a little while. I have
this great little book called Chinese Herbal Legends, which have
little stories about fifty herbs, so you know not you
know there's three hundred herbs. So that's one out of
six herbs, which is probably about well over ravaging. So
this one does have a nice herbal legend, so I
(08:22):
have it here. The following story is from that book
by Ju and Ju, so let's get into it. On
the double ninth Festival, a group of rich young men
had a crab eating contest in a wine shop. Because
the crabs were delicious, they ate many the empty crab
shells piled up like a small tower on the table
(08:44):
while twelve. So this is an interest when I have
to give you a little bit of background watt as
we get into this. Watwa is one of the most
famous doctors in Chinese medicine. I had just said that
he performed surgery. Uh, and he's as far as I know.
I mean, there are certain family points and everything, but
as far as I know, his are the only points
that we all learned. There's a whole series of points
(09:07):
called Wato Jaji or Quato's magic points that we use frequently,
very frequently as acupuncture points. So Wato incredibly famous Chinese
doctor so Watuo also came there to have a drink
with his student. When he saw the young men having
their crabbating contest and eating crazily, he kindly tried to
persuade them to stop. Crabs are cold, so you'd better
(09:31):
not eat too much. Crabb eating contest won't be good
for you, young men. We eat what we paid for.
Who wants to listen to you? The young men rudely replied,
If you eat more, you will suffer from diarrhea. It
could endanger your lives. Get away with you. Don't try
to frighten us. Even if we die of eating, what
(09:52):
business is it of yours? Not listening to Huatwo's advice,
these young men continued their extravagant eating and drinking. Crabs
are delicious. Who says that people may die by eating them?
Let's eat as we like. To make the old man
die of jealousy. One of them shouted. As Watwo saw
they acted so rashly, he went to see the shop owner.
(10:14):
You mustn't sell them more wine, or they will die
of it, said Wa two. As the shop owner wanted
to earn money from these young men, Why should he
listen to waw two? Even if something happens, What business
is it of yours? Mind your own business and leave
mine alone, said the boss angrily, while Two could only
sit down with a sigh and drink his own wine.
(10:37):
At midnight, the young men suddenly cried out that they
were suffering from stomach ache. Some of them were even
sweating all over, and some rolled about under the table.
What's wrong with you? The owner, hurridley asked, We are
suffering from some serious stomach aches. Please help us and
send for a doctor at once. Where can I find
a doctor? Midnight? Please help us, otherwise we will die.
(11:01):
I am a doctor, Quato said, came and came over
to them, turning pale with fright. The young man cried out, oh,
but they had no time to care about losing face,
and cried, master, please give us a cure. Didn't you
refuse my advice just now, asked Watwe. A great person
doesn't care about a common person's mistake. Please have mercy
(11:22):
on us and save us. We will pay you as
much as you want. I don't want water, I don't
want money. We will give you whatever you like. I
want you to promise me one thing, not just one.
We will promise you one thousand, even ten thousand things.
Please tell us what it is. From now on, you
(11:43):
should listen to old men's advice and not be so reckless. Certainly,
please save us. Quato went out with his student to
gather some stems and leaves of a kind of purple grass,
which he then decocted for the young men. After they
drink this medicinal language liquid, their stomach ache stopped. How
(12:03):
are you feeling now, asked Wato, much better. At that time,
there was no name for this kind of medicinal herb.
Because the patients felt really comfortable after taking it, Wato
named it the Shoe. The young men said goodbye to
Watwell with many thanks, and went home. That was dangerous.
(12:28):
You shouldn't only want to earn money, You should also
care about people's lives, said Watwo to the shop owner.
The owner nodded ashamed. What book says that these leaves
of purple grass can reduce crab poison? Said Watwo's student.
Wato told his student that this knowledge was not found
(12:48):
in books, but he had learnt it from animals. One summer,
while Watwo was gathering medicinal herbs along a river bank,
he saw otter seas of big fish ate it for
a long time, until its belly was as big as
a drum. The otter was sometimes in the water, sometimes
on the bank, sometimes lay motionlessly, and sometimes moving wildly about.
(13:12):
It seemed to be feeling extremely poorly, But after it
climbed to a piece of land with purple grass beside
the bank and ate some leaves and least still for
a while, it was as well as usual. Waltwo thought that,
according to the theory of Chinese medicine, since fish is
cold in nature and the purple grass is warm in nature,
(13:33):
the purple grass could perhaps reduce fish poison. From then on,
he kept it in mind. Later, waltoa made pills and
medicinal powder with stems and leaves of the grass. It
discovered that it had the ability to release cold and
was good for the spleen It could also moisten lungs,
(13:54):
cure cough in clear phlegm. Because this medicinal herb was
purple and made people comfort, Wato named it zishu or
purple and comfortable, so purple comfortable, but nobody knows why
people later called it sue. This su, which is what
it is today, zis su. Yeah, yeah, you meaning leaf.
So Zi sue is the plant and that's our herbal
(14:17):
legend for this herb. So let's talk about this herb.
It comes from the family Labiata labiate. Standard species is
Perilla fruticens el brit. The medicinal part in this context
is the leaf. We've actually already talked about Zi sugung,
which is the root, and I believe the stems are
(14:38):
also have medicinal properties as well, but today we're talking
about the leaf. And the English translation of this is
pretty sure for purple perilla leaf. Other names for this
include beef steak plant, Japanese basil, Japanese milissia, purple mint,
purple perilla, shiso sialam, wild colius, Korean perilla suye, zisu
(15:04):
jasuya and in Japanese shisoyo, and in Korean jaso yop
yop j a s o y e op, I don't
know how to pronounce Japanese or a crandsom, doing my
best and apologize. So let's talk about that Lapiate family. Labat,
also known as the as the Lamanasier family, includes flowering
(15:26):
plants commonly known as the mint, dead nettle, or sage family. Generally,
laminasier is considered the more correct name. The Labiate is
a correct alternative. So this came from the you know,
the my main Chinese herb text, which was was written
in two thousand and four, so it's going on twenty years,
(15:48):
and there's always rejuggling of the names of these things,
so you know, when the book was written, Labiate was
probably the correct name. It still is a correct alternative,
but now lamanase Is is the more correct name for
this family. And this family includes many aromatic, culinary medicinal herbs,
including basal mint, rosemary, sage, savory, marjoram, regano, hissop thyme, lavender, salvia, catnimp,
(16:16):
oriental motherwort, and prilla. There are approximately two hundred and
thirty six genera and up to seventy five hundred species
in this family and the flowers are usually bisexual, so
they have both male and female parts on them. So
that's a note a quick overview of the family. Let's
get back into Zisuyer or Prilla. So according to ben
(16:41):
Ski and his team, so we have, as you may recall,
we have three main texts we look at at single herbs,
and then a couple other texts as well. So the three,
I mean, one of them is Benski at all, and
they say the dosage is five to nine grams. Our
other texts Chen and Chen's text which basically agrees with
five to ten grams, so slightly different but pretty much
(17:03):
the same. For you know, Benski is a little bit
more traditional, so they tend to go with multiples of three,
so six to nine, six to twelve, six to fifteen,
which is based on a traditional measurement. Chanchen is a
little bit more modern, and they tend to go with
fives and tens, just to make a little bit easier
in a modern context. But so five to nine and
five to ten are basically the same. Brandon Wiseman, however,
(17:27):
say the dose is three to ten, so it goes
lower intocoction, but thirty to sixty grams can be used
for fish or crab poising, so much higher dose for
fish or crab poisoning. Then Brandon Wiseman is our third
major textbook that we look at. So the category for
the Surbenski and his team put the serve in the
warm acrid herbs that release the exterior subcategory under herbs
(17:50):
that release the exterior. Chenchen say it is in the
wind cold releasing herb subcategory under the extra releasing a
herbs category, so exactly the same. They just one talks
about what the herb is, you know what the structure
of the herb is warm and acrid, and the other
one is what it does, so it releases when cold.
So but they're both exactly the same category. And Brian
(18:12):
Weisman say it is in it is a warm acrid
exterior resolving medicinal under the exter resolving medicinals category. So
they all pretty much agree. There might be a little
bit of translational difference, but they all are basically saying
the same thing. All three of our sources say it
is acrid and warm, so spicy acrid, warm, and it
(18:32):
enters the lung and swinging channels. But with Benski They
also add it is aromatic. It's an aromatic herb. So
this is interesting. I always love it when our sources different.
So Benski at All and Chen who are the two
books that actually include first mentioned original sources for the herb?
They disagree on the original source for the irb. Benski
(18:56):
it All says it was first mentioned in the Material
medic of Medicinal Properties or the Yaushing ben Su, written
by Jen Chuan during the Tong dynasty or around six
hundred CE. Chen Chen say it was first mentioned in
the collection of commentaries in the Classic of the Material
Medica and Ben Sau jing ji Ju by tel hoong
Jing in four eighty to four ninety eight SE, so
(19:19):
at least one hundred years before that. So of course
when there's a descrepancy like that, I want to go, okay,
how can I resolve this discrepancy? So another article written
by Wu in twenty twenty three, So the first mention
was during the Western Han dynasty, which went from two
hundred to BCE to two twenty CE, so four hundred
year period. But the first medicinal use was recorded around
(19:43):
five hundred C in the miscellaneous records of famous physicians.
Mie ming Yi Ba lu so Wu actually kind of
agrees with chen Chen that it's around five hundred C,
but says it was in a totally different book. So
what I get three different sources, say, three different original
(20:06):
sources for the herb I don't not as not being
an herbal historian and access to having original versions of
these books. I can't say which is right and which
one isn't. All I can say is there's controversy over this,
but at least it seems to be at least medically
around five or six hundred CE. So let's talk about
(20:30):
herbs that release sixer. We have now discussed this category
subcategory verbs several times during adventures examining Chinese herbs, and
we will repeat that information here because it just it
completes everything that is going on. Without this in this context,
I think it would hurt our episodes. So I'm gonna
go over it again. So if you've heard it before,
I apologize and appreciate you continuing listening, of course, but
(20:52):
let's get into it again. It's a good reminder these
are important herbs. So according to Benski, at all extra
releasing herbs are those that release disorders lodged in the
very superficial levels of the body. When external pathogenic factors
include wind, heat, when cold, when damness in summer heat
invade the body, they first attack its superficial exterior aspects.
(21:17):
Symptoms associated with the exterior then appear chills, fever, headache,
stiff neck, and general muscle aches. Sometimes sweating will appear,
which resolves the condition, in which case no treatment is necessary.
At other times, however, there will be an absence of sweating,
or even though there is sweating, it is not accompanied
(21:37):
by any change in the condition. At this juncture, herbs
that release the exterior are used. Most exterior releasing herbs
are diaphoretics, that is, they release or expel the external
pathogenic influences through sweating. There is a sane in Chinese medicine.
When the diseases in the skin, sweating will bring it out.
(22:01):
When a disease progresses slightly further into the body is
said to lodge in the muscle layer. The clinical presentation
that includes fever, general body aches, and profuse sweating. At
this stage, especially when the patient is sweated without any
beneficial change in their condition, it is appropriate to use
the subset of herbs that release the muscle layer. The
(22:23):
most prominent member of this group is cinemami ramulus or
guader at cinnamon twig not bark, so it's not or spice,
it's the twig of the tree. Some of the herbs
that release the exter have additional functions stopping coughs and wheezing,
controlling pain or spasms, inventing rashes such as measles. So
(22:46):
that is the herbs that release the exterior. Benski at
all continue to discuss the subcategory of warm acroerbs that
release the exterior. Herbs that release the exterior can be
further divided by character and function into warm acrid and
cool acrid classes. The warm acrid herbs dispel wind cold
and are used for exterior disorders when the fever is mild,
(23:10):
that chills severe. And there are other signs and symptoms
of wind cold in headache, body and neck pains, and
absence of thirst. So those are our categories, our category
in our subcategory of this herb, let's talk about good
quality of this herb. So benski at all say. Good
(23:31):
quality consists of big, unfragmented and stalkless leaves of purple
color and an intensely aromatic fragrance. So here's another one
of our sort of i would say, associated textbooks. It's
called the Chinese Medicinal Identification and Illustrated Approach by Jao
and Chen. And that's great when we're trying to get
at good quality herbs. And they say zisuye is generally
(23:57):
wrinkled and curled broken after the leaf is spread flat.
It has a semi circular shape. It has a brittle
texture with a clear fresh aroma, and is in a
slightly acrid taste. Superior equality consists of leaves that are
intact and purple with a potent aroma. So both of
(24:19):
them say that aroma, that fragrance is quite important for
good quality zisue. So what does it do? What are
its medical Chinese medical actions? So, according to Benski and
his team, zisuye releases the exterior and disperses cold for
externally contracted when cold with such symptoms as fever, chills, headache,
(24:40):
nasal congestion, cough, or a stifling sensation in the chest,
it promotes the movement of chi and expands the chest
for nausea, vomiting, or poor appetite also used as an
auxiliary herb to invigorate the blood, to move the blood.
It's also used during pregnancy for calming and restless fetus
(25:03):
or for morning sickness. And finally, it resolves seafood poisoning,
used either alone or with other herbs. So as we
get into this, we're gonna talk about a lot. This
is a useful herb for when you have a wind cold.
It can't be a useful for it, but I kinda
tell you I don't see it used that often in
(25:24):
wind cold conditions. It's a great herb for that, but
there are better herbs for that generally. What you hear
about this herb over and over again is it's great
for seafood poisoning. And it's the seafood poisoning aspect that's
really interesting. I tease that we're going to talk a
little bit about sushi earlier on, and let's do that
now because now we're talking about seafood poisoning. So, if
(25:48):
you've ever been to a high end or maybe I
should say middle end restaurant a sushi restaurant, they will
often have a fresh leaf prilla as a garnish with sushi.
This is the reason why. Because the resolves seafood poison
it's traditional to have with sushi because of that. If
(26:09):
you ever had cheap sushi that you bought like a
grocery store or if you're like me, sometimes at a costco,
and you get that green plastic that is cut jaggedly,
that green plastic is a representation of this prilla leaf.
One of the things that we didn't talk about the
(26:29):
good quality is the leaf has sort of a a
saw like edge to it, so and we kind of
have a bigger saw like edge to that green plastic.
That green plastic that you get with relative that separates
relative relatively cheap sushi is a representation, as this ca
of this herb. And so that's interesting. Now I gotta say,
(26:51):
I'm not seeing that as much as I used to.
That little green plastic which is probably good and we
probably don't need it and doesn't do anything other than
decorated a little bit. But that's where that actually comes from.
It's because the resolves seafood poisoning. There you go, you
know your sushi, You know that you should know this herb.
By the way, very very common, uh sushi is actually
(27:13):
just a ball of of of of rice with shisa
which is perilla leaf and I can't remember off the
top is it wrapped in the pre leaf or is
it part in the ball? I can't remember, But it's
a it's a common uh you know, sort of home
made sort of type of sushi. Okay, So that was
(27:34):
all Benski and a little bit of me going in there.
Let's talk about Chen and Chen what they say the
transmittical actions are so Chen Chen say it releases the experience, dispels,
dispels cold. Okay, we know that it regulates chi and
expands the chest, harmonizes the middle jow or middle burner,
and alleviates nausea and vomiting. I have a question here,
(27:57):
is it for seafood poisoning with this bad meal comes
from two old food already smells bad. The answer to
that is yes, it's supposed to help that, but I
would probably suggest don't eat this smell bad food before, uh,
and so then you wouldn't have to you wouldn't have
to eat the prilla. But yeah, it's that's the sort
(28:18):
of thing it can help with. But sometimes you know,
see food is bad and you don't really realize it's
bad and you can help with that. So okay, it's
back to chen and chen uh So harmonize the middle
jow middle burner. We've talked about that in the past
and Sperbserbs alleviates nausea and vomiting. It also calms the fetus.
So again, this is the comm the fetus herb. We
(28:39):
have a few of those in our in our formulary
in the material Medica. This is not one of those.
I like this herb a lot because it not only
coms the fetus but also can help morning sickness. It's
great for nausea and vomiting. So I really like this orb.
But it's it's it's not commonly used for that. I
think of other herbs first when I think about comming
the fetus, but this is definitely a nerve I keep
(29:01):
in mind because of that anti nausea aspect of it
as well. Finally, I mean, what's one of the main
things we think about for NASA vomiting is fresh ginger
And it's the same category as this, same subcategory as this,
so yeah, right in there, same thing. So there you go.
So finally they say, finally it alleviates seafood poising, So
(29:22):
again we have that seafood poising aspect of this. Brandon
Wiseman or third texts say it diffuses the exterior and
disperses cold moves chi and loosens the center, and has
several additional uses such as treating abdominal pain, vomiting, and
diarrhea from eating fish or crabs. So that's seafood poisoning.
(29:44):
And then our sort of semi textbook that we use
here is Chinese, that Chinese Medicinal Identification and Illustrated Approach book,
and they say, well, it says it resolves the exterior,
disperses cold moves, she harmonizes the stomach, diffuses the lung,
transforms phlegm, and calms the fetus, so that they don't
really mention the seafood poisoning aspect of it. But other
(30:09):
than that, you can see that all of these are
pretty similar in what they say that SERB does, which
means there's no discrepancies, which is good and also kind
of not common. Okay, preparation, So Benski and his team
has a discussion of one special preparation. This is dry
fried prillo leaves are chow su zissuye. The leaves are
(30:30):
fried lightly and briefly over a warm flame. For prepared
Perla leaves jerdzuye, they are spread with a honeywater mixture
before lightly frying dry. These methods both reduce the aroma
and pungency of zisuye so that the leaves are less
sweat inducing. This is an advantage in treating older, weaker,
(30:52):
or yin deficient patients who would be injured by excessive sweating. Nowadays, however,
leaves are almost always used in their unprepared raw state
of less sweating is needed, the dosage is reduced, or
herbs to support the normal cheat are added for best results.
When used for releasing the exteriors, this CIA should be
(31:15):
added at the very end of boiling the decoction. And
that is something that both Chen and Chen Textbook and
Brandon Wise and both say as well, which we're going
to see right now, say when cooking the decoction is
this CIA should be added last and cooked for only
a few minutes. So whenever we talk about aromatic, you
know there's an aromatic smell while we're talking about our
(31:36):
essential oils. Essential oils tend to boil off very quickly
in a decoction or anything that has heat, and so
you don't want to lose those essential oils because a
lot of the efficacy of the herb, most of the
herbs that are aromatic, is in those essential oils. So
that's why they tend to be added last. Sometimes I
don't even added last. This say isn't cook for only
(31:57):
a few minutes. Sometimes you don't even cook them. You
just you take it off the flame and then add
it in to the to the decoction, which you could
do with this this leaf as well, or cooking for
a few minutes as well. Brandon Weisman agree, simply saying
it should not be boiled for long. So there you go.
So that is preparations. Let's talk about some of Western
(32:18):
uses for this herb, or maybe better to say lack
of Western uses for this herb. The PDR for Herbal
Medicines does have an entry for this herb, but its
indication for use are from Chinese medicine and reiterate a
lot of what we've already discussed, So in other words,
they don't really have a traditional Western use of this
(32:39):
herb in that book, which is pretty much a Western
urbal book for the most part, it has some Chinese herbs,
but mostly it's a Western urbal book. Similarly, web md
dot com doesn't include any uses for this herb. It
has a heading for it, but it doesn't it doesn't
say that there are any known uses or it had
(33:02):
something like evidence doesn't shown any particular uses for this
herb something along those signs. It seems from a cursory
literature review, this herb well relatively well known. What surprising
me is all these sources did have an entry on
this herb, so it's well known, but does not None
of them really had any traditional Western uses for the irb.
(33:23):
So it's kind of weird because often I'll find some
of our our more well known Chinese herbs, we'll talk
about some of the Western uses there at least they're
kind of known in Western herbal traditions and have some
some entries, but not this herb. Okay, so let's do
(33:43):
commentary on this Cua. So Venski at All as usual
has an excellent and extensive commentary on this herb, and
here we go. It's acrid flavor enters the chi level,
while it's purple color signals that it enters the blood level.
So that's an interest when if you're not familiar, it
just colors mean things in Chinese medicine, so that plays
(34:05):
a role here as well. It's a blood level. These
are the opening words from the discussion of Zisuie in
Essentials of the Material Medica or the bensal be Yo,
written by Wang'ong in sixteen sixty four. Further description is
found in Seeking Accuracy in the Materia Medica or the
bensu chio Jen written by Huang Goong Chio in seventeen
(34:28):
seventy three. Quote it's aroma can vent outwind outward. Its
warmth can warm the middle, facilitating the comfort of the
whole body. Thus it's named revivify sue. That's where sue
comes in Materia Medica of food stuffs, adds that it
can bring down floating chein the chest and diaphragm. So
(34:50):
this material medical food stuffs. If you if you missed it,
which would be easy to do, I do not have
a Chinese name for it, nor do I have a
timing for it. And the reason why is Benski is
a huge book and and uh it has a fantastic
in the back, not a bibel progiography. A list of
(35:12):
all of the books that they refer to in the book,
in the context, in the in the book itself, and
it didn't have an entry on the material medical of
food stuffs. And so I went and put that into Google,
the Google machine, and it didn't come up with anything either.
So I just have no idea what this book is
or where it's from or what time. So it's it's interesting.
(35:36):
I mean, there are hundreds of entries in Benski, so
I don't fault them at all for missing one. Man,
it's such a great book, so no issues with that
at all, but I am curious as to when this
was written. But there you go. So that's the material
medical food stuffs and they say it can bring down
floating chee in the chest and die from uh. Continue
(35:58):
with the commentary briefly. Most classical text warn however, that
continued consumption will drain away true chi same cavet applies
to all acrid dispersing herbs, So you don't want to
be on these for too too long. Once the cold
is resolved, let it go. So that's the commentary on this.
(36:19):
Let's talk comparisons. Bensky compareson to serve with one other
herb and ied I love this herb. It's the feder
herb of Huang, fantastic herb, banned in most developed countries.
I would say, you can't get it. I just ordered
it though I need it for photography purposes because I
(36:41):
keep talking about Mawang and I need to have more
photographs of it. So just got in the mill. I
ordered it through eBay and it was from I don't know,
Singapore or Hong Kong or something along those lines. Took
several weeks to get here, but I got it. You
can get it, and you know, I know I could.
If I were to walk into an herb store in
(37:03):
you know, a Chinese herb store in town, I get
asked for ask them if they have it. I've never
had any issue getting it in the past. That doesn't
mean they haven't cracked down and it would be easy
to get in the future. But I haven't had any
problems in the past. It's great herb, but we're not
supposed to and I would never use it on a patient.
I would use it on myself sometimes my herbalist recommends
it to me. I do all my own herbal stuff,
(37:25):
and so I would put it in my stuff without
any issues whatsoever. But anyways, so there's mahuang herbofedera so
while and this is what the comparison is to that
while zi cuia is accurate and can disperse while inducing sweating,
it is not as strong as the federa Herba malwang
in this regard. It's aroma promotes the movement of lung
and spleen. Shee harmonizes the middle and calms the fetus,
(37:47):
qualities which are lacking in a federa herba mahwank So
Mawang is the strongest to induce sweating. But this is
pretty useful in a lot of ways. So that's the
comparison with hoang short but sweet. There are some combinations
of herbs, so this benski at all combines this are
with three others. One of those is with siperior rhizoma
(38:10):
as chiang fu. This two herb combination is excellent for
tweening exeter wind cold where there is a pre existing
chie constraint. This will present with exterior symptoms such as
chills and fever, headache, and lack of sweating, with concurrent
symptoms of cheese stagnations such as stuffy chest, burping and flatulence.
(38:30):
This combination can be used alone as part of a
larger formula, such as syperius and perilla leaf powder hiangsu son,
but the choice of which herbs shall serve as chief
depends upon which symptoms are primary. Zi Sue releases the
exterior but also has the ability to move middle burner chi.
The addition of the acrid mobilizing quality of siperior rhizoma
(38:52):
as chiang fu assures that the congealing cold which is
blocking the protective chi is released and that the path
will thereby be dispersed via the exterior. Siperiorhizoma chiang fu, however,
contributes more than just facilitating chi movement. It also moves
(39:12):
to ch at the blood level. When one considers that
the locus of disruption in an invasion of the exterior
is the disharmony between the protective and the nutritive chi,
and if the latter is intimately associated with the blood,
the elegance of this apparently simple combination becomes apparent. So
that's our first combination. Our second one is about a
(39:33):
nerve we've been talking about zingabaros rhizoma reson shinjung. This
is fresh ginger, so both herbs release the exterior and
can induce sweating. The acrid warm nature of zisuie disperses
with a light she that unblocks and a light flavor
that can drain. In this way, it dispenses exterior pathogens
(39:55):
while clearing the head and eyes, drains the lung chi
and unblocks the ristices and pores, thereby treating invasion of
either wind or cold. Singebara Rhizoma resons zenjiang fresh ginger
is acrid and warm. While it can disperse exter whend cold,
its sweat inducing action is rather weak by itself. Combined
(40:18):
with zisuye, it is much stronger. This combination is very
effective in treating when cold exterior patterns with symptoms of chills, fever, headache,
nasal congestion, and most importantly, the absence of sweating. Interestingly,
both zingebarous rhizoma recens shenjiang and zisuye can be used
(40:40):
individually as an antidote to seafood poisoning. Together this effect
is increased. The pair is therefore often used for the vomiting,
abdominal pain, and diarrhea that results from this kind of
food poisoning. Our third combination is with Pogis stamonis herba
or guang ho chiang. Zisuye is stronger at releasing the exterior,
(41:05):
but Pogostemis stemonis herba guang ho hiang is better at
aromatically transforming dampness. Thus, a combination of the turbs transforms dampness,
regulates the flow of chi, and harmonizes the stomach, stops
nausea and vomiting, and is often used for turbid dampness,
encumbering the spleen leading to lethargy, stifling sensation in the chest, nausea,
(41:28):
loss of appetite, diarrhea or loose stools, and a thick
tongue coating. For this indication, Perrilla colus zisugung can be
used instead of zisu. Yeah. This combination also releases the
exterior in cases of externally contracted pathogens, such as externally
(41:50):
contracted cold occurring during hot and damp summer weather with fever, lethargy,
stifling sensation in the chest, and nausea. For this indication,
ziz is preferred for its superior ability to release the exterior.
And that's our combinations today. Let's talk about contents, so
(42:12):
according to Benski, at all the contents of this herb
include several volatile oils such as perilla aldehyde, perilla alcohol,
and dihydro perilla alcohol, and other constituents such as perillicide,
perill perilla, lil B, beta, D glucopre on, pyranoside, cumic acid,
(42:32):
and tannins. We mentioned tannin's earlier here, so tannins are
included here. Chin highlight essential oils, as well as apogenin, scutilleroncinin,
She's sonin, anthocyanins, and cyanogenic glycosides. Ahmed, who did a
(42:55):
review paper on this herb, says there are currently two
hundred and seventy one various phytochemical compounds that have been
isolated and reported in perliceeds, stems, and leaves. Based on
the chemical properties, these active compounds and perlic could be
classified either as hydrophilic included phenolic acids, flabinoids, athocyanins, or
(43:16):
hydrophobic lipophilic ones. Hydrophobic and lipophilic are the same thing.
One says, it's hydrophobic means fearing water or doesn't is
not water syble. Limophilic means it loves or likes fats
or fat syble and so that's the way it goes off.
It's water soliuable, it's fat insoluble, and if it's water insoluble,
(43:39):
it's fat soluble, so this is fat soliuble constituents as well.
These include volatile compounds triterpenes, phytosterols, fatty acids, to coffer rolls,
and polico polycosinols poly Let's talk about some of the
(44:01):
science here. According to Chin and Chin, the pharmacological effects
of this CIA include the following actions, mainly according to
animal studies. Is anti poetics, so it lowers temperature and fevers.
Diaphyritic so that it causes sweating. Broncho dilator opens up
the lungs the lung the bronchioles of the lung. Antibiotic
(44:23):
so it treats bacteria. GI stimulate gas from intestinal stimulus,
so it helps the intestines. It's great. That's probably why
it helps NOA gen vomiting, and hypergolcemic, so it can
actually cause sugar to go into the blood. They also
discuss two clinical studies, one with an end of twenty
so small not statistically valid. Remember, we need thirty to
(44:44):
forty to be statistically valid, should positive results when treating
warts topically with this herb ground into a paste. The
other story with an end of one hundred and eight,
so now we're talking statistically valid a pretty decent size,
not great, but pretty decent used in extract. The solvent
was not mentioned, so we don't know what kind of extract.
Was an alcohol extract, water extract, but again applied topically
(45:07):
to positively treat cervical bleeding, So not typical uses for
this herb these clinical studies, but Ahmed also discussed pharmacological
properties as a sue, saying is antioxidant, antibacterial, anti fungal,
anti allergic, antidepressant, anti inflammatory, anti tumor, and possibly anti HIV.
(45:34):
That's useful. And then another the other overview study that
we looked at, WU and their team add it may
be anti obeste and anti androgen which may promote hair
growth at least in mice. That's an interesting use of
this herb. Not a traditional Chinese use. Drug urb interaction
(45:59):
is little true. Literature search did find several constituents of
the herb affected various our company for fifty isis iems. However,
this was all bench research. The interactions were mixed, some induced,
some inhibited, and none indicates what it may do in
clinical studies, so I can't I don't feel comfortable saying
it does or doesn't increase struggle of interactions. I would
(46:22):
say it's inconclusive. More study is necessary to see if
it does actually induce struggle of interactions clinically in people.
One of our books that I love is called the
American Herbal Products Association's Botanical Safety Handbook, and it just
gives it just has a humongous list of rbs and
what whether they're safe. They give a rating for Druger interactions,
(46:46):
and they also give a safety rating for the herb. Unfortunately,
that book does not have an entry on this herb
in particular. Though you know, I just I just saw
that this this book is available online and that they
do update it online. And the book was written in
twenty thirteen, so it's eleven years old. So I wondered
(47:07):
when I did this with this or being being online,
and I looked, but in order to look at it online,
you have to join the association, and joining the association
starts at about two thousand dollars. And so I would
love to have two thousand dollars earned from these this podcast,
so that I can afford that in the future. But
I don't think I'm I'm anywhere near that at this point,
(47:30):
so unfortunately there was no entry that I could find.
Let's talk about concerns of the Serb. So Benskin and
his team notes several concerns with sisuye. Under the heading
of cautions and contra indications, they say contradicated in those
with warm pathogen diseases or with chi and exterior deficiency.
(47:52):
Under the heading of traditional contra indications, they say an
extension of the material Medica benzal Yanyie written in eleven sixteen,
kozong Sure observed that nowadays people drink prila soup morning
and night, but it is not good for them, just
as the old medical saying has it that aromatic plants
cause diseases which steal away riches. This is one such case,
(48:17):
for example, and people with spleen and stomach cold, it
often causes running diarrhea without their realizing it. Remember this
is cold, so if you're already cold, this is not
a good thing to add. I didn't say it's cold,
it's cooling. It's cool cold is a grade more cold. So,
continuing with the traditional contraindications. In the centuries since this
(48:41):
was written, most material Medica texts repeated or paraphrased this passage.
In the discussion of xisuie chencher Dwell in new compilation
of Material Medica or the bensa Hien Bienn, written in
sixteen ninety four, was the first a question whether this
herb necessarily causes diarrhea in those with clean and stomach
cold close sunc Sure has a saying that people with
(49:04):
slein and stomach cold who consume Zi Suia usually have diarrhea,
but do they really? I say zi Suia is a
wind herb good at calming the liver. If Earth is
excessively controlled by wood, then people will often have diarrhea.
But once wood is calm, then earth will obtain the
(49:26):
nourishment it needs. It goes without saying that this suia
is acrid and warm. Acridity can expel damnous while warmth
can expel cold. I'm sorry, I got that totally wrong
with the swing stomach cold thing, so I apologize with that.
So is acrod to worm. Acrity can't expel damnous, while
warmth can expel cold, so people with slein stomach cold
(49:47):
should really not have any problem. How could it cause diarrhea.
It's only that acurate aromatic flavors are able to disperse
a person's true chi. Short term, this is no problem.
Long term it will cause an injury. This should also
be kept in mind. Continuing with traditional contra indications harm
(50:09):
and benefit in the material, Medica Bensu highly written by
Ling Kwan in eighteen ninety three, added some other concerns
about the herb. Its flavor is acrid and warm a
plant that is pure young. Thus, any patient with cheat
deficiency or weakness of the exterior should not take it,
nor should those with heat from yin deficiency fire causing
(50:31):
headaches or nausea. Under the heading of toxicity, they say
a large dosage of this herb can raise blood sugar
levels and should not be used in those suffering from diabetes.
That's interesting. The only herb I'm aware of that says that,
continuing with toxicity under Benski, in one case, fifteen grams
(50:53):
of the herb five times. That suggests maximum dose taken
as a decoction caused headache, nausea, diaphrasis rested. I am sorry.
Let's skip over this. This is not about the serve
at all. Please disregard what I just said. I'm moving on.
So chen Chin had similar concerns. Since zisuya is acron
(51:16):
and warm, it can easily damage in and chi. Therefore,
it should be used with caution in patients with febrile disorders,
in indeficiency, CHI deficiency, or exterior deficient synptromes without perspiration.
Zisuye should also be used with caution. For patients with
nausea caused by heat. Cisuye should be used only on
(51:36):
a short term basis. Long term use may lead to
CHI deficiency. They also say under the heading of toxicology,
administration of zizuya is occasionally associated with adverse reactions, over
stimulation and allergic reactions.
Speaker 2 (51:56):
Okay.
Speaker 1 (52:08):
The PDR for herbal Medicines says under the headings of Nope, sorry,
this is again not supposed to be there. Okay, moving on,
that's it, We're there. Oh that was a big one.
So today we started continuing discussion of pharmacognacy. Started with
(52:29):
continuing in our discussion of pharmacocacy with a conversation about tannins.
Then we looked at another single Chinese herb, zis Suier
Parilla folium or simply perilla leaf, an interesting warm acrid
herb that released the exterior that can also be used
to comma fetus and help seafood poisoning. As usual, we
(52:52):
explored all the intricacies of the serb as well as
an explanation of its category. With that, we conclude another
exploration of a very useful Chinese herb. But I love
this herb, one of my favorite herbs. Our next upper
episode will be looking at another herb of the world.
We're gonna be looking at lemon balm or Melissa officionalis.
(53:13):
This is a relatively well known medicinal and culinary herb
with some very interesting traditional uses. As always, we will
do our deep dive into this herb formula and look
at its traditional uses and its preparation interactions and cautions.
And as usual, we will be adding something a little different.
(53:34):
What will be continuing our look at pharmacocacy. We'll do
something different as a little different and something a little different.
It's gonna be another interesting vacation into the exciting continent
of herbs. Please join us in two weeks and I'd
like to thank you very much for being there today.
If you liked this podcast, please do us a huge
(53:55):
favor describe in your favorite podcast app. We thank you
for been considering doing that that does wonders for us
and helps us grow. And remember you can get this
course as well as many others as continuing education units
and National Certification coffiicient of Acupunction Oriental Medicine Professional Development
Activities at Integrative Medicinecouncil dot org. That's www dot Integrative
(54:21):
Medicine Council c O U N say c i L
dot org. And don't forget that twenty percent off with
the code s H two zero off s H twenty
off all lowercase. And you can always get in touch
with me at doctor Greg at sperbserbs dot com or
at our website www dot sperbserbs dot com. That's s
(54:46):
p E r B s H E r b s
dot com. And as usual, we have a good bibliography.
Thank you very much, appreciate you joining us today. Have
a good one, spurs. The preceding was presented by doctor
Greg Spermer. We would like to thank Janelle for Awler's
(55:07):
support and everybody else who contributed to this program, Roger Campbell,
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