Kindertransport: Remembering & Rethinking

Fred Barschak can vividly remember the menu at his father's kosher restaurant. Otto Deutsch recalls his family's humble living conditions. And Ursula Gilbert remembers attending Berlin's grandest synagogue. These are some of the happy childhood memories that stand in stark contrast to subsequent tales of antisemitic taunts and a night of unprecedented violence.

The events of the November Pogrom prompt Westminster to loosen immigration restrictions, allowing unaccompanied child refugees to come to Britain. What did these children understand at the time about how they ended up on a Kindertransport? Eight refugees recall their experiences and historian Louise London explains British the shift in British policy.

Thousands of British families respond to the call to help unaccompanied Jewish child refugees, and at long last Kindertransports start arriving. What were the reactions to the children upon arriving in a strange new country? Years later, what were the memories – positive and negative – that stuck with them about those first impressions?

With the onset of war in September 1939, the transport of child refugees to Britain stops, stranding untold numbers of children in Europe and cutting off those children who had already arrived in Britain from their families. Ursula Gilbert recalls her experience bouncing around between homes, hostels and job training opportunities. Other refugees describe being sent to work on farms and as domestic servants.

Letters between the Kindertransport refugees and their parents first served as a lifeline to home, but when war breaks out all that is allowed are brief messages transmitted through the International Red Cross. Many parents try to reassure their children that everything is fine, but then for many children the letters eventually stop or they come to deliver unbearable news. 

The series finale, but where does the story of the Kindertransport actually end? How has the memory of the Kindertransport affected those who experienced it, and how has it impacted us on a societal level? Historian Amy Williams weighs in and Barbara Winton, daughter of rescuer Sir Nicholas Winton discusses the link to contemporary refugee issues. As always, we are left with more questions than answers.