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In part one of a three-part mini-series on the theme of "university", we go on a whirlwind tour of the history of universities, from medieval student guilds in Bologna to the modern day.
- The University of Bologna nears its thousand-year anniversary.
- Why universities emerged: stability, trade, rediscovered texts, Church needs.
- Student guilds hired teachers; papal charters granted privileges, recognition.
- Medieval curriculum and university specialisations in law, theology, medicine.
- Renaissance humanism broadened studies beyond law and theology.
- Scientific Revolution made universities producers of new knowledge.
- Humboldt model united teaching and research in modern universities.
- Post-war expansion massified higher education around the world.
- Today: many universities, 250 million students; degrees often required.
- UK participation reaches 50%; rising costs and student debt.
Full interactive transcript, subtitles and key vocabulary available on the website: https://www.leonardoenglish.com/podcasts/history-of-university
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