December 23, 2019 • 42 mins
As the first year of Invention comes to a close, Robert and Joe catch up on listener mail for everything from air conditioning and ketchup to toys and bubble wrap.
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Episode Transcript
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Speaker 1 (00:03):
Welcome to Invention, a production of I Heart Radio. Hey,
welcome to Invention. My name is Robert Lamb and I'm
Joe McCormick. And it's the end of the year. We're
sort of wrapping up in the winter season here. This
is going to be the end of the first year
of Invention as a podcast, and we're coming at you
with some year end wrap up listener mail. I think
(00:25):
we're probably gonna do two episodes worth of listener mail,
because we actually have we we haven't heard from you
since August or so, it's been a while one. So
we figured this would be a great way to close
out the year to share some messages from fans of
the show, like you. All right, so we're gonna summon um.
What's our mail bot in the show name? We've forgotten
the name. It's Malos. So it's Melos. Yeah, modeled after Taalos,
(00:49):
the Bronze automaton, and this is the mail bot Melos.
Say hello Melos. Okay, now I remember it, now, I
remember it? My bad all right, So we have some
listener mail. Let's dive right into it. These are again
going to refer to various episodes of the show, some
recent some not so recent, but it's all good stuff. Yeah,
it's going aways back. And this one comes from the
(01:10):
series we did in October about coffins and caskets, all
all the different kinds of inventions in that world, like
to prevent your body from being removed from a coffin
or casket when you wanted to stay in there, to
help get your body out of a coffin or casket
when you wanted to get out. Uh So, this one
comes from our listener, Katherine. Catherine says, Hey, guys, First,
(01:32):
I want to tell you how much I'm enjoying your podcast.
I am a former librarian turns stay at home mom
with two kiddos, a two year old and a six
month old. I really enjoy listening while doing stuff around
the house. And I have a story for you that's
too funny not to share. I was listening to your
first episode on caskets earlier this week. Since y'all are
family friendly, I was letting it play where my two
(01:52):
year old e J could hear. I didn't really think
she was paying attention, but boy was I wrong. In
the episode, you talked about Victor Orion safety caskets and
Edgar Allan Poe. Well, I happened to have an Edgar
Allan Poe finger puppet on my desk in our office
the day after listening to Caskets Part one. I found
pose jacket lying in the middle of the office floor.
(02:14):
So I called e j into the room and asked
her where Edgar Allan Poe was. She knows who he
is because I've let her play with the puppet a
few times. She immediately said, oh, and runs over to
my husband's desk and retrieves his glasses case. He's dead.
She then proceeds to open the glasses case, revealing interred
and jacketless Edgar Allan Poe. Then she says, but not really, Yes,
(02:39):
my two year old had buried Edgar Allan Poe in
my husband's glasses case alive. Needless to say, my mind
was blown. I didn't know whether to laugh or not.
I had no idea she was paying such close attention
to the episode. Anyway, I thought y'all would enjoy knowing
that you have a very young and attentive listener. Keep
up the good work, Catherine. Oh, that's wonderful. Uh, you
know bidden horrors in the child's head that earlier it's
(03:02):
a real privilege. Well no, well yes and no, but
I do find it amuzing because yeah, young kids, Uh,
they are very interested in in concepts of death and
uh and uh and so forth, even if they they
certainly don't have the ability to fully understand these lofty concepts,
(03:22):
I mean, the understanding of which eludes adults a lot
of the time. But um, but but yeah, I don't
know how many times i've you know, my my my
son has been playing with stuffed animals and there's one
that his dead or has died you know, or must
or you know, and so forth. So uh, yeah, I
think this is a wonderful story and and and also
(03:43):
it's neat that they applied the you know, the concepts
of live burial to the scenario. Yeah, I'm just glad
that they weren't listening in to the Guillotine episodes. It's
probably gone sideways on you. Are we family friendly? I
guess we are. We're not overtly or intentionally not family friendly,
but we cover some mature stuff and we don't cuss
per se, you know. All Right, here's another one. This
(04:05):
comes to us from Josh, and it concerns caskets as well,
hey guys, I'm writing this after listening to the second
part of the Casket and thought you might find this
interesting or at least entertaining. My wife and I are
members of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter day Saints,
and we believe in a literal and physical resurrection. I
found your discussion of the idea that your body needs
to stay intact for resurrection very interesting, mostly because I
(04:27):
am an organ downer. I figured that organs taken from
my body will somehow be returned when the time comes.
I also figure if people who choose cremation can get resurrected,
how hard could it be to just get a harder
liver back. I figure someone else should use them while
I can't. Anyway, my wife, on the other hand, is
of a different opinion. She doesn't like the idea of
her organs flying through the air on their way back
(04:49):
to her body. I thought you may like that personal
take on one of the aspects discussed on the episode.
I listened to a lot of podcasts, but yours are
easily my favorites. Best wishes, Josh, Thanks Josh. I wonder
how how does this belief square with like fears about
how your body is interred. Like, do you have a
fear of grave robbing? I guess grave robbing doesn't happen
a lot these days as far as I know, I
(05:10):
don't know, Joe. Check out the headlines. Um, there's some
stories out there. There are new versions of grave robbing
that are that are allegedly going on as well. But
what in like New Orleans with above ground burials and
crips and no, there was a there was a new story. Gosh,
I don't remember which city this was out of, but
the idea, no, it was out of out of Arizona. Okay, yeah,
(05:33):
perhaps out of Phoenix, I don't recall. But basically the
idea that some organ donation places were not operating like
on the level and um, you know had like you know,
bags of organs sitting around that sort of thing. Don't
let that discourage you know, is great? Yeah, absolutely, Um,
but I'm just saying that there if you want to,
(05:54):
you may not be concerned about your body being stolen
these days, but you can find, you know, to Like
my main my main reaction to seeing that story on
the news was that, Okay, someone's going to use this
as an excuse not to uh, you know, don'tate their
body to science or become an organ donor, which I
think is absolutely the wrong move. Certainly, you know, look
(06:16):
into where your body is going, you know, be be
an informed donor, uh, to the extent to which that
is possible. But uh, you know, on the other hand, yeah,
I think the the argument that you're not going to
use your organs once you're dead is totally solid. Let
somebody else use them and uh. And then I do
love the way Josh factors this into his belief system.
(06:38):
You know that he doesn't he doesn't let belief in
a physical resurrection keep him from doing something, uh that
that you know, can help people out and can improve
the quality of life and save lives for other individuals. Sure,
all right? Should we move on to emails about our
episode on Ketchup. We got a ton of feedback about
ketch Up. I don't know how covered in Ketchup we
(07:00):
want to get here, but it's the logical place to
go after organ donation, I guess. So should we look
at this first one from Christian. This is responding to
our comments about curry Worst and the role of Ketchup
in German food. I think I uh, said that I
believed curry Worst was like a type of like cut
up sausage that was popular German fast food that was
in some kind of curry ketchup mixture. Christian responds, Hi,
(07:25):
I'm quite late, but my podcascher is backed up a
little bit. So I write to you now about your
episode on Ketchup. First, great episode. A second. You weren't
slandering German cuisine at all. Now, that makes me wonder
exactly what it was. I said, Um, curry Worst is
a German brought first drowned in a secret sauce which
is mostly ketchup and curry powder and is widely available
(07:45):
as a quote traditional German fast food, invented in the
fifties and sixties. Historically it served as a whole worst
in Berlin and cut with scissors in my home region
in the Ruhr That that is a a squak. I
did not know that I had. That is like cutting
sausage with a knife, that's normal, but like the scissors
(08:06):
that got into my brain and and did horrible things.
I don't know. You gotta cut a sausage with something.
I don't know why the scissors feel so much worse.
I don't know. I mean, well, I guess it comes
back to the idea that a sausage is phallic in
form I'm sure he does. Actually, because I found I
was also getting grossed out by the idea of just
generally cutting meat with scissors. It gave me the creeps.
(08:26):
I mean, we have kitchen sheers, right, Those are sometimes
used to take apart, say a chicken carcass, right, I
guess they they sometimes are. I used it to take
apart vegetables sometimes. Huh, that's not you know, you wigged
out with the possibility of using kitchen shears and say,
I don't know, celery, I don't know, maybe a little
bit more so on the meat. I don't know something.
Something's are going wrong there anyway, Christian continues. It was
(08:50):
a long time in the top three most served fast
food in Germany until Donor Kebab pushed it out down
to the fourth spot. The second most sold catch up
in Germany after regular Ketchup is Career ketch Up, with HeLa,
the leading brand with a more marked shared than the
American Juggernaut. Hines, so eating Ketchup in Germany often comes
with curry powder, and while I keep a bottle of
(09:10):
ketchup around my kitchen. I really can't stand curry in
my ketchup since I started cooking meals and exploring flavor
for myself. Keep up the great podcasting. I hope I
can catch up with your podcast soon. With spiced greetings, Christian,
Well this is great. I now I really want to
try some German ketchup. I feel like a lot of
German cuisine since it is kind of unavailable to me
(09:32):
now because it is traditional German cuisine. German. Please correct
me if I'm wrong, but yeah, I try to go
to a German restaurant in New Orleans very recently, and
I just looked at the menu and I'm like, Okay,
there's like nothing I can eat here. Um, Like you
can get some good potato salad, or it is bacon
in it? Oh really didn't or it usually does. I
(09:53):
mean maybe they're I guess they're probably variations of German
potato salad that don't have meat in them, but my
understanding is that it usually does. Um. And so like
the only two things on the menu of an otherwise
great looking German restaurant, the two things that were vegetarian,
we're not particularly German. Uh, so what was the point
of going right? I don't know. I'm sorry, man, but
(10:14):
I would I am happy to be corrected by anyone else.
Here has recommendations on German restaurants in the continental United
States that can appease my my dietary constraints or likewise,
just an information about what what what is it like
to uh to eat traditional German fair and be a vegetarian? Yeah,
(10:35):
I don't know. Well, I look forward for the recipes
coming in. Yeah. Uh, Robert, do you mind if I
jump on with this next one about chop because I
was already practicing some of these words. Please do this one.
What's long? It's not too long, but it's yeah, it's
about where I'm still going to get some of them wrong,
I know, all right, So this was also about the
ketchup episode. Is from a listener who did not want
(10:55):
us to share her name allowed, so I if I
name her, I'm just gonna call her chop for ketchup. Uh.
This message seems to be in response to us talking
about how tomatoes used to be known as the apples
of love or love apples like in French, and how
other fruits and tubers and stuff were once named with
some kind of apple plus modifier construction, for example potatoes
(11:18):
in French or palm to tear apples of the earth
and so forth. Uh. And so this was in response
to that our listener chup rights. Hey guys, you were
wondering in the catchup episode about other weird apples. So,
being the multi lingual linguistics geek but not a proper
linguist that I am, I felt inclined to share my knowledge.
First of all, apple or medieval Latin palm um didn't
(11:41):
only mean apple, but food or crop in general. That's interesting. Uh.
This is why various settlers called plants they found in
other parts of the world some kind of apple. The
origins aren't always linguistically clear, since the English, French, Spanish,
and Dutch all ventured all over the world and often
found similar their plants independently in very different places, since
(12:03):
they weren't the first people to travel and conquer all
over the place and spread crops all over the place.
Here are some examples. Pomegranate means seeded apple. The name
is of French and medieval Latin origin. Extra fact, the
apple that Adam and Eve share in Biblical tradition was
probably originally thought to be a pomegranate, since that was
a fruit well known but still considered a delicacy in
(12:25):
the lavant region. Of course, paradise isn't limited in any way,
and all fruits can grow there. But this is essentially
about stories and culture. I know it's in the original text.
It is not specified to be an apple, like the
fruit we call an apple. It's just like it's a fruit,
and we don't necessarily know what fruit it was supposed
to be, so there's a debate about what fruit it
was in the garden of Eden. I was like thinking
(12:47):
of it as a banana, just because it's it's more
funny that way. I think I've heard somebody propose it
was a lemon. I like that delicious. Uh. This listener
continues in Greek, then Latin and German, English, French, et
cetera translations, the pomegranate became an apple, and so it
was depicted in Eurocentric art. Oranges are called apple sign
(13:08):
or apple sign in German and Dutch, which means Chinese apple. Uh.
Peaches were originally called Persian apples. They're called parask and
Dutch and the country as Persia, making it even clearer
where the fruit was first discovered by Europeans, even though
it originated somewhere in central to East Asia. Like oranges,
potatoes are called the earth apple and Dutch art apple,
(13:31):
and in some German speaking regions aired app ful. Uh.
Pineapples are a little more convoluted. They're called this because
they reminded the Spanish explorers of pine cones with overall
shape and scales. Wild pineapples are also about the same
size as pine cones. Now in Dutch they say dnan
apple for fur cone, but that's basically the same thing. However,
(13:53):
pineapples are called ananas. I guess that's in Dutch. Uh.
Quince's kintzes. I've never actually um. I guess I was
saying quinces. I don't know if I was saying correctly. Okay,
Quinces are called Sidonian apples or variants of that. They
spread from West Asia through the Mesopotamian Empire to Greece,
(14:13):
where they entered European culture, and Sidonia was a city
on crete. Maybe it was also a quince that Adam
and Eve supposedly eight uh. And she says that's all
I can think of, but also a few other things.
Peppers are some etymo logic variant of pepper in most languages,
as far as I know, she says, and then she
also has some comments about curry worst as curry works.
(14:36):
Curry Worst is usually vealed or fine pork sausage, and
it's common street food sold on markets, permanent sausage stands
and carnivals, mainly in Berlin and the Rugabyte, both regions
claimed to be the origin. In Germany, we only have
McDonald's Burger King in some KFC in recent years as
fast food chains. Instead, there are these hole in the
(14:57):
wall kiosk style places that sell all kinds of sausages.
Curry ketchup can be bought anywhere, and it's very good
with fries. Oh yeah, but you probably know this. Fries
originated in Belgium, and Belgiums are very proud of them.
Always happy about the foodie episodes. Thanks for the hard work,
detailed research and quality entertainment. Have a great week. I
I do want to come in real quick since we're
(15:18):
talking more about about German food. UM, I do not
mean to imply that I think Germany is a monolith
and that everyone in Germany just eat sausages, sausages and
where's the later hosing or whatever. Obviously they're multiple different
cultural cultures are represented in Germany, and not everyone is
Certainly not everyone is eating traditional German cuisine, especially as
(15:42):
it is recognized generally and by American audiences that are
going to German restaurants. But so my question is more specifically,
what would modern day meat uh seek out to eat
in order to scratch the same itch that meat head
the German American restaurants offered when I was a kid. Well,
(16:04):
you know what I would say, Actually, perhaps my favorite
thing in German cuisine is not a meat. It is
completely vegetarian. It's their pickles. I love wonderful that this
is true. I do still eat sauer kraut, and I
do frequently have sauer kraud on um, like the veggie
dogs and whatnot. So, I mean, maybe I'm already practicing
the answer, but I but I want, I want more
(16:25):
answers than that. All right, you've got your assignment, folks,
right in with vegetarian German food for Robert. I should
just say, by the way, that we heard from a
lot of like European listeners about the Ketchup episode I
don't know why that is. Maybe it's a coincidence. But
like multiple listeners from like Austria and Germany about ketchup,
I don't know what's going on there. That's great, im
(16:45):
I want more of it. All right, here's another one.
This one comes to us from David and uh here
he goes, Hello guys, another great episode. As an Australian listener,
I just wanted to share some differences in the way
we refer to the food items and sauces mentioned. First
of all, Australians up until fairly recently did not have
a product in the supermarket that was called ketchup. What
(17:08):
you would call ketchup, we simply called tomato sauce. For
an Australian ketchup is thought of as a thicker sauce.
I believe this maybe because Hines sells both a thinner
tomato sauce and a thicker ketchup. It is also quite
interesting that Hines is so associated with the red sauce
in the US. In Australia, Beans means hinds quote unquote
(17:29):
is a big advertising campaign. Always makes me think of
that album by The Who That's got the Hines Big
Beans on it um. David continues, they are the baked
beans company to most of us, and this ketchup thing
is only probably a thing in the last five to
ten years, maybe a little longer. I would imagine that
the numbers you used for worldwide sales includes our tomato
(17:52):
sauce as ketchup on our condiment and sauce profile. We
are not big on the mustard. On any family table
a restaurants, you are more likely to see tomato sauce
and barbecue sauce as the two main sauces. Strange, we
have hot dogs with the Frankfurt, but Australians are more
likely to have a sausage sandwich that has a clear
(18:14):
skin sausage that is cooked on the barbecue in a
single piece of white bread with or without cooked onions,
and the sauces are either tomato or barbecue barbecue sauce everywhere. Yeah,
it sounds like no buns for its bread instead of bunk, right,
like a white bread with the with the grilled items.
I mean that that's sort of a thing in American
southern barbecue tradition. To David continues, Australians call French fries chips.
(18:39):
It is a strange thing that we have two products
that are referred to as chips. They are the fried
potato and the thinly cut cold product that you call chips,
and the English called crisps. The way we differentiate is
to say hot chips, but that is only when we
think it will cause confusion. So that's interesting. They kind
of took chips. It's like the chip, the aprickin chips
(19:00):
and the British ships. Uh and and they just use both. Yeah,
very economical hot ships. David finishes up here and says, anyway,
just thought that I would share this because throughout the
episode I was continually having to translate in my own
mind as you were using these terms. I don't know why.
I am always very interested to hear what other people
call food items and how they talk about them in
(19:21):
different cultures. Oh yeah, I mean it's it's a wonderful
way to to share and share alike with another culture.
It's like talking about what does a you know, what
does a chicken say in your language? What do you
call this food item that you inevitably have over there
as well? And if you don't have it, well, then
that's something we can relate about as well. What do
you have instead? Uh? Yeah, the kitchen table is that
(19:43):
the dining table in general, that's the place where where
pieces made between otherwise differing people. Right, all right, it's
time to take a quick break, but we'll be right
back with more. Okay, So we are back next for
moving on to respond says we got to our series
about the invention of air conditioning. I would say this
(20:03):
one got probably the most feedback of any episode we've done.
There was a huge amount of email about air conditioning. Uh,
there is no way we'll have a chance to read
it all. We can do our best to give a
decent sampling here. So first I wanted to start off
with a message from Adam. This one was a correction
about something we said in the air conditioning episode. So
(20:25):
we were pointing out that a regular fan does not
actually cool the air in the room. In fact, a
fan might slightly increase the temperature of the air in
the room, and instead a fan, we were saying, cools
the body by causing air to move rapidly over your skin,
which cools you by speeding up the evaporation of water
from your skin. Uh. And that, of course is true.
(20:47):
But here's Adam giving a fuller and clearer picture on
the issue. So Adam says, Hey, Robert and Joe, I've
written into stuff to blow your mind a few times recently,
but this is my first time writing into invention. I'm
a mechanical engineering student who did very well in my
heat transfer class, and I spotted an incorrect statement in
your air conditioning episode. Knowing how much you love corrections,
(21:08):
I thought I would provide this one. Hopefully it is
not too dry. While evaporative cooling is certainly a factor
in fan cooling, it's only part of the effect. The
rest is the result of different modes of heat transfer.
To start, heat is transferred from the skin to the
air through conduction. In non moving air, the air that
(21:29):
has just been heated forms a graduated layer around the body,
which insulates you and makes you feel warmer. This air
becomes buoyant and rises in accordance with the Chimney effect.
The warm air is thus gradually replaced with cool air,
and the cycle continues. This is known as natural convection.
In moving air, the warm layer of air around your
(21:50):
skin is wicked away by the flow of air around you,
reducing the size and effectiveness of the insulating hot air boundary.
This is known as forced convection the heat transfer coefficient,
and therefore the heat transfer rate of force convection is
greater than that of natural convection, which in this case
means that moving air will draw more heat away and
cool you better, regardless of whether or not you're sweating.
(22:13):
The reason why the temperature reading of Joe's thermometer did
not change when air was blown on it before being
wrapped in a wet towel is because the thermometer was
already the same temperature as the air, and therefore there
was no heat transfer with the air regardless of flow speed. However,
for warm blooded creatures like us, we are almost always
experiencing heat transfer. Some interesting results of this concept are
(22:38):
cold blooded animals are not effectively cooled by fans unless
they have recently been basking. A side note, radiation is
the third form of heat transfer, along with conduction and convection.
There's a high theoretical temperature where moving air will actually
heat you up faster than stagnant air. Uh And of
course you can imagine that by just upping into a
(23:00):
convection of it, right is blowing air on you, But
it's certainly not cooling you off. Right. Also, don't step
into a convection of it. Um, Adam continues. Although, due
to the evaporative effects of sweat that Joe talked about,
this temperature is well above your body temperature. So you
can get a fan blowing on you even if the
air is above nine degrees and it will still cool
(23:22):
you off because of the sweat evaporation. But whatever, This
theoretical temperature is where the blowing of a fan would
actually heat you up instead of cool you down. Adam
calls this the anti fan temperature. Also, Adam says, running
in the same direction and speed as the wind is
an incredibly strange and uncomfortable feeling. Uh I wonder if
(23:44):
I've done that before. As I have, I've certainly experienced
this um on a boat before, where you know you're
going against the wind on say like a hot day,
and if you're going against the wind, yes, it's just
heightened uh wind, you know, and air moving past you,
and it's very cooling and liberating. And then you have
to go back the other way. Um, you you might
(24:06):
find yourself in a more like heated environment. You're like,
what am I doing now? I'm actually like really breaking
a sweat here. Yeah, I hope that this mini heat
transfer lesson was interesting. I wasn't able to continue listening
until I cleared this small air up. Keep up the
great almost entirely factual podcasting best regards, Adam, Well, thank you,
that's our thing, almost entirely factual podcasting. But no, obviously
(24:28):
we uh we we we want to be corrected if
we get anything off on the show. Yeah. So the
main just there that there is something a fan does
to help cool you apart from just helping evaporate sweat,
and it's just moving more air over your skin, which
helps you conduct heat into the air faster. All right,
here's another air conditioning one and this is this one's
(24:48):
really good. I I'm glad we put this one on
the list. Here. This one comes to us from h Ay.
I hope I'm pronouncing your name correctly. Uh. They write
in and say Hi, Robert and Joe. I'm a big
fan of Invention and st have to blow your mind.
I started listening to both of them when Invention started,
but I liked them so much that I've gone back
and listened to a few years worth of stuff to
blow your Mind episodes. I decided to write in after
(25:10):
listening to the air Conditioning part one episode. I grew
up in India, spending a lot of summers in Kerala,
which is a hot in humid state, and have been
living in Austin, Texas for the last four years. Most
of my family in India do not have air conditioning,
although they probably could now, so the episode made me
reflect on living with versus without air conditioning. You mentioned
(25:33):
sleeping on roofs, but I don't think you mentioned the
more obvious solution, sleep on the floor or use thinner mattresses.
Sleeping on the floor is a lot easier than in
a bed in hot weather because the floor will be cooler.
It gets better if you wet the floor and let
it dry a couple of hours before sleeping, or shower
just before bed. Also, a cotton mattress which you can't
(25:55):
sink into as much, and cotton sheets, which are more breathable,
are much better for the heat compared to the kind
of betting which is more common here in the US.
I've resorted to all of these strategies and if all
else fails, sleeping in damp clothes when I had a
tiny dorm room in undergrad in a hot human place
with no A C. Although I have become somewhat spoiled
(26:17):
after coming to the U S, I still find that
I am more comfortable with a higher temperature and a
table fan pointed at my face than a low A
C temperature for sleeping. One thing I haven't been able
to understand is the extent to which sweat bothers people here.
For me, it's just a It's been a normal part
of life, and I actually find it harder to handle
dry heat than some level of humidity. I also find
(26:39):
that my body just feels better due to cooling from evaporation,
while an unnecessarily cold A C just makes me feel
a little ill. One last thing. Initially, when you mentioned
step ponds and wells, I was a little surprised because
I hadn't heard of the term, and I was wondering
how come I did not know about this. From the description,
I realized that I did know about them, but just
(27:01):
hadn't appreciated that there was anything special about them. Thank
you for helping me see them in a new light.
They're fairly common in temples in Kerala, but as these
are usually not very welcoming of tourists. I can see
why they haven't been seen as much. It's also easy
to imagine how the need for space in cities may
result in these being filled or taken over. It's definitely
(27:22):
happened with lakes in Bangalore. Thanks again for awesome podcast, Ashwaria.
What a great message. Yeah, yeah, thanks so much for
sharing this. This reminds me real quick. We'll come back
to this. But another listener sent in some pictures that
he took. A listener named Alan just of some stepwells
in India, and I just wanted to emphasize again how
(27:43):
weirdly beautiful and counterintuitive they look. They look so much
like optical allusions to me, the steps zigzagging down the
walls really somehow seemed to defy the normal rules of perspective,
and I want to understand what's going on with that. Yeah, indeed,
there's some there. These are these pictures who were sent
in were pretty amazing, and there have been some wonderful
of photographs that have been been made over the years
(28:05):
of them. I think we discussed in the show how
they are. You know, for for a while they were
kind of forgotten to a certain extent. And there's been
a you know, sort of a renaissance and and reevaluating them,
reappreciating them and sharing images of them with the world,
which is wonderful because, like you said, they there's nothing
else quite like them, you know. They The best way
(28:26):
I can think of them is it's like an inverted zigarade. Yeah,
but also a sawaria. I really appreciate you sharing all
these sort of like hacks for temperature at night, uh,
like like wetting the floor so that like the evaporative
heat of the water evaporating off the floor actually cools
the floor right before bed. Uh. And I wonder how
hard you have to manage like the timing of that
(28:47):
and stuff, because I assume you wouldn't want to like
lie down while it's still wet, so I don't know. Uh,
this was really interesting. Also the fact the fact that
you've had perspective on it, on it both ways now. Yeah,
So thanks so much. All right. Also about air conditioning,
our listener Tom says, Hey, guys, I was listening to
the podcast and you mentioned movie theaters offering a c
(29:08):
you know, you said if you were in this position,
you would look for the longest movie. However, in the
old days when I was a kid. Even after the thirties,
movies didn't charge you to watch a movie. They charged
an admission. Movies always had short reels and often were
double features. Either way, you routinely walked into a movie
at any time, sat through the end, and then watched
(29:30):
the beginning until you got to the place you already saw.
In fact, you would frequently see people leave saying this
is where we came in. Many times we would sit
and rewatch the movie. I guess, just take advantage of
the air conditioning. Right, Is that the line from the
Pink Floyd song that you and I were talking about? Wait,
what are you talking about? This is where we came in.
Oh yeah, what's the deal with that? With the wall
(29:51):
supposedly like loops somehow? Yeah? So, what a weird coincidence
were speaking about that um off Mike earlier, totally unrelated
to listener mail. It must mean something. Yeah, all right,
here's another one. This one comes to us from David.
First of all, love the podcast, but I'm somewhat new
to the stuff to blow your mind sphere. But I've
(30:11):
been with invention from its inception. I love seeing the
evolution of technologies and how they shaped the world we
know today. I was looking forward to this episode and
he's talking about the air conditioning episode, because in particular,
because I knew you'd be mentioning my hometown of Minneapolis.
I also strongly suspected that you'd be surprised to learn
that we hosted the site of the first residential air
(30:33):
conditioning installation, which indeed we did express surprise at that.
Let me tell you, Minneapolis can get hot in the summer.
We have roughly two to three months out of the
year that i'd call legitimately hot. This doesn't happen too often,
but it's not unheard of us for us to even
see a couple of a hundred and ten plus fahrenheit
days per year. What what many people forget is that
(30:57):
we're positioned fairly centrally on the continent, with Lake Superior
in Michigan the only large bodies of water to regulate
temperature swings that are even close. So we experienced very
cold days for sure, but pretty dang hot ones to
keep out the great work. David, uh Yeah, I'll admit
that my my visions of Minneapolis were largely based on,
(31:19):
first of all, jokes from from people who have lived
there about the cold and having only and having ventured
there only once during the winter for like twenty four hours,
and having to get out on you know, and walking
around and travel at one point point to another, and
so on some level, I just imagine that Minneapolis is
just always really cold, except for maybe like a month
(31:41):
or two in the summer where they experience something called summer,
but surely not as hot as something that we would
have down here. What's the TV show that's set there?
Is Mary Tyler Moore something maybe, so yeah, it always
looks cold. It's kind of the reverse of the the
effect you see with television shows shot in Toronto. Specifically,
(32:01):
I'm thinking of Kim's Convenience, which is a wonderful Canadian show,
and then I think Working Moms is also set there
and filmed there, but I get the impression they only
filmed the show during the summer or in the you know,
warmer months, and so if you were just watching those
two shows, you would think, wellow, Toronto looks amazing. It's
(32:21):
just it's just summer all the time. They have no
no winters there, nor at least nobody on the show
talks about it. So I guess I'm gonna, you know,
book my my trip for for November and see what happens.
Um But likewise, I think that the talking points for
Minneapolis among you know people abroad tend to be about
the cold. Yeah. I think you're right on the money there. Okay,
(32:43):
quick message from our listener, Colin. Colin is referring again
to the thing I talked about in the episode where
you know I held up a thermometer in front of
a desk fan. The temperature didn't change, but then when
I wrapped it in a wet towel, the temperature went
way down, and that was because of the evaporative cooling. Um. So,
Colin says, Hello, I just finished part one of air
(33:03):
Conditioning and wanted to draw your attention that Joe was
obliquely describing a sling psychrometer when he spoke of using
a wet cloth thermometer and desk fan to prove the
cooling properties of evaporation. A sling psychometer is a rudimentary
meteorological device composed of two bulb thermometers connected by a string.
The bulb of one thermometer is wrapped in a wet
(33:26):
cloth and the other is not. The thermometers are then
swung around circularly for several seconds, and then the temperature
of each is recorded. The difference in temperature reading can
then be entered into a table which will provide you
with the relative humidity. The more arid the ambient air is,
the greater the temperature discrepancy will be. Anyway, it's a
(33:47):
it's a term from fourth grade Earth sciences that is
always stuck with me because it's fun to say. Love
the show, cheers Colin. Alright, on that note, we're going
to take one more break, but we'll be right back
with more listener mail. Alright, we're back, so we're gonna
read some more air conditioning listener mail. This one comes
(34:10):
to us from an individual name Christian. I feel, I
guess a different Christian. I'm not a different one. We
don't want to imply that they're like just two listeners
and they just just happens. We just get multiple listeners
at the same Yeah. Yeah, there, and and certainly we
love hearing from from repeat listener mail offenders as well.
But Christian rights in and says, hey, guys, I enjoy
(34:30):
the air Conditioning podcast. As an architect. There are any
number of rants about poorly designed buildings I could break
off into, but I thought it might be more beneficial
to introduce something critical to heating, ventilation air conditioning design.
This tool is the psychrometric chart with the comfort zone
for humans highlighted. Oh yeah, so this would connect to
what we were just talking about, the psychometer detecting like
(34:52):
relative humidity levels. Yeah, the comfort zone illustrates that seventy
degrees in Atlanta with humidity feel is hot, yet eighty
degrees in southern California with fifty percent humidity does not.
The big takeaway humidity control can be more important than
temperature in our comfort. In the South, air our air
conditioners remove moisture from the air while cooling it. When
(35:15):
our buildings have the humidification systems, which operates separately from
the air conditioning systems, we can be more comfortable over
a wider range of temperatures, thus saving energy. Typically houses
aren't constructed that way, but probably should be, especially in
the hot, muggy South. That's really interesting. I've never thought
of that before. That, like you could use less energy
(35:37):
achieving a comfort zone if you take into account temperature
and humidity separately instead of just running in a c
to do both all the time, so you can have
one device stuck in one window and then another one
in the other window, and then you have two devices,
which uh you know this is I do think this
gets to the heart of why you you don't see
this utilized in a home environment. All right, what else
(35:59):
do we have? Joe? Alright? This next message came in
response to our episode on the invention of the hypodermic needle.
H this comes from Dan. Dan says, Hi, Robert and Joe.
I was listening to your most recent listener mail episode
and was surprised that the letters you received about the
hypodermic needle lacked any input from type one diabetics. I
myself have been managing type one diabetes since I was
(36:21):
diagnosed at age three, almost thirty years ago. Before switching
to insulin pump therapy in the mid two thousand's, I
spent about fifteen years getting between five and seven injections
of insulin each and every day, Additionally, every three months
having blood drawn to check long term markers of possible
hyperglycemia related damage. As you might suspect, this served as
(36:43):
exposure therapy to the extreme for myself and any other
diabetics in the pre insulin pump era. As a child,
I had absolutely no trepidation with needles, injections or i
V s. My story takes an unexpected turn, however, when
I was in college and was diagnosed with cancer at
age twenty. I'm happy to say that I've been cancer
free and relatively healthy for ten years now, but the
(37:04):
traumatic experience of the diagnosis and subsequent treatment manifested in
a surprising manner. During my treatment, I had to regularly
undergo CT scans to monitor my disease, which involved an
intravenous injection of contrast DIE. This seemed like no big
deal at the time, as I was well accustomed to
needles and blood draws, but during one of my CT
(37:25):
scan sessions, I became extremely dizzy and nearly fainted during
the insertion of the i V line. Ever since that experience,
I've been very uneasy around needles and often feel lightheaded
during blood draws. Despite my exposure therapy consisting of tens
of thousands of injections during my lifetime, I can only
hypothesize the trauma of my cancer diagnosis and treatment created
(37:46):
an anxious association with needles, but I thought this would
be an interesting story of exposure therapy early in life
that was surprisingly counteracted by later events. Thanks again for
putting together such consistently intelligent and insightful episodes of invention
and stuff to blow your mind. I am a cell
biologist working in cancer research, and having well researched and
stimulating podcast to listen to both helps me get through
(38:08):
some of the mundane and repetitive tasks required to my
scientific research and continually expands my perspective. Best Dan, very interesting.
Thanks for sharing that with us. Stan, Yeah, totally and
h best of luck in your research. Al Right, here's
one message in response to the episode we did about
the Turnspit Dog. This comes from someone who identified themselves
(38:29):
as gamer checks. We don't choose their names. I think
that's their their their God given name. Okay, gam er checks.
Gam er check says, love the show. I was listening
to your episode on the Turnspit Dog and you talked
about the dog being domesticated twelve thousand years ago and
brought up how we domesticated the cat later on. This
is actually not the case. Cats are the only close
(38:50):
companion who domesticated themselves. God will love the stubborn little chunks. Anyway,
in the future, I'd love to see a themed episode
on the invention of domestication itself. Thanks gam er checks. Yes,
this is a good point and one that I think
we have we have discussed on past episodes of Stuff
to Blow Your Mind our other podcast. But yes, there
is the argument that that the cat essentially brokered its
(39:14):
own domestication. The cat wanders up and it's like, hey,
so you gotta you've got a problem with some rats there.
It looks like you've got some some extra food around. Uh,
creature like me could really earn its keep around here.
And we said, oh, sure, let's let's do that. And
what do you want to return the cats? Like, I
just want enough to you know, to wet my beak,
and then the cat wants to, uh, you know, live
(39:35):
inside your house and on you, and uh and so
forth and and yeah, so and certainly anyone who has
who has lived with the cat knows that the cat
is there on its seems to be there on its
own terms for the most part, carrying out nightly missions
for the neighborhood. Which, yes, but I I could see
us doing an episode on domestication in the future. I mean,
(39:55):
it is it is a human technology, though it also
is it's not entirely a human technology. There are examples
in the natural world of creatures that have domesticated something,
and that would be fun to talk about as well. Sure, yeah,
like insect agriculture. Uh yeah, absolutely, yeah. And then also
some of the stories of domestication are just so impressive.
(40:16):
Um really, I mean there are specific examples that would
that really should be their own episode, like silk. So
I've thought about doing this before. Yeah, well, heck, let's
do Silk in the new year. Okay, Okay, So I
think due to time constraints, we're gonna have to call
it there for the first of our year end wrap
up episodes of Invention Listener Mail, but we'll be back
(40:37):
with more next time. That's right, We're gonna close out
the year with another episode of Invention Listener Mail, and
then we'll be back with new episodes of Invention in
the new year. But really, the years almost overstop learning, Really,
we don't need to keep going to see. There's a
lot to learn from these messages. There is. There is
a lot for us to learn specifically, and and we
(40:57):
do love hearing from everyone. We don't have time to
bond everyone, and we don't have time to read every
listener mail that we receive on the show, but I
do know that we are reading, and so we just
invite you to continue to send in your questions, tidbits
from from your life, from your environment. We'd love to
hear all of it. In the meantime, if you want
(41:17):
more episodes of Invention, it's pretty easy to find us.
Were on all those podcast websites. Wherever you get a
podcast where you wherever you even hear a whisper of podcasts,
we are there. Uh. You can go to invention pod
dot com and that will redirect you to a page
that has our podcast. Wherever you go, though, just make
sure you subscribe, that you rate, that you review. These
(41:39):
are the sacred rights that allow us to continue huge
thanks as always to our excellent audio producer Seth Nicholas Johnson.
If you would like to get in touch with us
with feedback on this episode or any other to suggest
topic for the future to perhaps get featured on a
future listener mail episode, you can email us at contact
at invention pod dot com. Yeah. Invention is production of
(42:04):
I Heart radio. For more podcasts from my heart Radio,
visit the iHeart Radio app, Apple podcasts, or wherever you
listen to your favorite shows.
Welcome to Invention, a production of I Heart Radio. Hey,
welcome to Invention. My name is Robert Lamb and I'm
Joe McCormick. And it's the end of the year. We're
sort of wrapping up in the winter season here. This
is going to be the end of the first year
of Invention as a podcast, and we're coming at you
with some year end wrap up listener mail. I think
(00:25):
we're probably gonna do two episodes worth of listener mail,
because we actually have we we haven't heard from you
since August or so, it's been a while one. So
we figured this would be a great way to close
out the year to share some messages from fans of
the show, like you. All right, so we're gonna summon um.
What's our mail bot in the show name? We've forgotten
the name. It's Malos. So it's Melos. Yeah, modeled after Taalos,
(00:49):
the Bronze automaton, and this is the mail bot Melos.
Say hello Melos. Okay, now I remember it, now, I
remember it? My bad all right, So we have some
listener mail. Let's dive right into it. These are again
going to refer to various episodes of the show, some
recent some not so recent, but it's all good stuff. Yeah,
it's going aways back. And this one comes from the
(01:10):
series we did in October about coffins and caskets, all
all the different kinds of inventions in that world, like
to prevent your body from being removed from a coffin
or casket when you wanted to stay in there, to
help get your body out of a coffin or casket
when you wanted to get out. Uh So, this one
comes from our listener, Katherine. Catherine says, Hey, guys, First,
(01:32):
I want to tell you how much I'm enjoying your podcast.
I am a former librarian turns stay at home mom
with two kiddos, a two year old and a six
month old. I really enjoy listening while doing stuff around
the house. And I have a story for you that's
too funny not to share. I was listening to your
first episode on caskets earlier this week. Since y'all are
family friendly, I was letting it play where my two
(01:52):
year old e J could hear. I didn't really think
she was paying attention, but boy was I wrong. In
the episode, you talked about Victor Orion safety caskets and
Edgar Allan Poe. Well, I happened to have an Edgar
Allan Poe finger puppet on my desk in our office
the day after listening to Caskets Part one. I found
pose jacket lying in the middle of the office floor.
(02:14):
So I called e j into the room and asked
her where Edgar Allan Poe was. She knows who he
is because I've let her play with the puppet a
few times. She immediately said, oh, and runs over to
my husband's desk and retrieves his glasses case. He's dead.
She then proceeds to open the glasses case, revealing interred
and jacketless Edgar Allan Poe. Then she says, but not really, Yes,
(02:39):
my two year old had buried Edgar Allan Poe in
my husband's glasses case alive. Needless to say, my mind
was blown. I didn't know whether to laugh or not.
I had no idea she was paying such close attention
to the episode. Anyway, I thought y'all would enjoy knowing
that you have a very young and attentive listener. Keep
up the good work, Catherine. Oh, that's wonderful. Uh, you
know bidden horrors in the child's head that earlier it's
(03:02):
a real privilege. Well no, well yes and no, but
I do find it amuzing because yeah, young kids, Uh,
they are very interested in in concepts of death and
uh and uh and so forth, even if they they
certainly don't have the ability to fully understand these lofty concepts,
(03:22):
I mean, the understanding of which eludes adults a lot
of the time. But um, but but yeah, I don't
know how many times i've you know, my my my
son has been playing with stuffed animals and there's one
that his dead or has died you know, or must
or you know, and so forth. So uh, yeah, I
think this is a wonderful story and and and also
(03:43):
it's neat that they applied the you know, the concepts
of live burial to the scenario. Yeah, I'm just glad
that they weren't listening in to the Guillotine episodes. It's
probably gone sideways on you. Are we family friendly? I
guess we are. We're not overtly or intentionally not family friendly,
but we cover some mature stuff and we don't cuss
per se, you know. All Right, here's another one. This
(04:05):
comes to us from Josh, and it concerns caskets as well,
hey guys, I'm writing this after listening to the second
part of the Casket and thought you might find this
interesting or at least entertaining. My wife and I are
members of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter day Saints,
and we believe in a literal and physical resurrection. I
found your discussion of the idea that your body needs
to stay intact for resurrection very interesting, mostly because I
(04:27):
am an organ downer. I figured that organs taken from
my body will somehow be returned when the time comes.
I also figure if people who choose cremation can get resurrected,
how hard could it be to just get a harder
liver back. I figure someone else should use them while
I can't. Anyway, my wife, on the other hand, is
of a different opinion. She doesn't like the idea of
her organs flying through the air on their way back
(04:49):
to her body. I thought you may like that personal
take on one of the aspects discussed on the episode.
I listened to a lot of podcasts, but yours are
easily my favorites. Best wishes, Josh, Thanks Josh. I wonder
how how does this belief square with like fears about
how your body is interred. Like, do you have a
fear of grave robbing? I guess grave robbing doesn't happen
a lot these days as far as I know, I
(05:10):
don't know, Joe. Check out the headlines. Um, there's some
stories out there. There are new versions of grave robbing
that are that are allegedly going on as well. But
what in like New Orleans with above ground burials and
crips and no, there was a there was a new story. Gosh,
I don't remember which city this was out of, but
the idea, no, it was out of out of Arizona. Okay, yeah,
(05:33):
perhaps out of Phoenix, I don't recall. But basically the
idea that some organ donation places were not operating like
on the level and um, you know had like you know,
bags of organs sitting around that sort of thing. Don't
let that discourage you know, is great? Yeah, absolutely, Um,
but I'm just saying that there if you want to,
(05:54):
you may not be concerned about your body being stolen
these days, but you can find, you know, to Like
my main my main reaction to seeing that story on
the news was that, Okay, someone's going to use this
as an excuse not to uh, you know, don'tate their
body to science or become an organ donor, which I
think is absolutely the wrong move. Certainly, you know, look
(06:16):
into where your body is going, you know, be be
an informed donor, uh, to the extent to which that
is possible. But uh, you know, on the other hand, yeah,
I think the the argument that you're not going to
use your organs once you're dead is totally solid. Let
somebody else use them and uh. And then I do
love the way Josh factors this into his belief system.
(06:38):
You know that he doesn't he doesn't let belief in
a physical resurrection keep him from doing something, uh that
that you know, can help people out and can improve
the quality of life and save lives for other individuals. Sure,
all right? Should we move on to emails about our
episode on Ketchup. We got a ton of feedback about
ketch Up. I don't know how covered in Ketchup we
(07:00):
want to get here, but it's the logical place to
go after organ donation, I guess. So should we look
at this first one from Christian. This is responding to
our comments about curry Worst and the role of Ketchup
in German food. I think I uh, said that I
believed curry Worst was like a type of like cut
up sausage that was popular German fast food that was
in some kind of curry ketchup mixture. Christian responds, Hi,
(07:25):
I'm quite late, but my podcascher is backed up a
little bit. So I write to you now about your
episode on Ketchup. First, great episode. A second. You weren't
slandering German cuisine at all. Now, that makes me wonder
exactly what it was. I said, Um, curry Worst is
a German brought first drowned in a secret sauce which
is mostly ketchup and curry powder and is widely available
(07:45):
as a quote traditional German fast food, invented in the
fifties and sixties. Historically it served as a whole worst
in Berlin and cut with scissors in my home region
in the Ruhr That that is a a squak. I
did not know that I had. That is like cutting
sausage with a knife, that's normal, but like the scissors
(08:06):
that got into my brain and and did horrible things.
I don't know. You gotta cut a sausage with something.
I don't know why the scissors feel so much worse.
I don't know. I mean, well, I guess it comes
back to the idea that a sausage is phallic in
form I'm sure he does. Actually, because I found I
was also getting grossed out by the idea of just
generally cutting meat with scissors. It gave me the creeps.
(08:26):
I mean, we have kitchen sheers, right, Those are sometimes
used to take apart, say a chicken carcass, right, I
guess they they sometimes are. I used it to take
apart vegetables sometimes. Huh, that's not you know, you wigged
out with the possibility of using kitchen shears and say,
I don't know, celery, I don't know, maybe a little
bit more so on the meat. I don't know something.
Something's are going wrong there anyway, Christian continues. It was
(08:50):
a long time in the top three most served fast
food in Germany until Donor Kebab pushed it out down
to the fourth spot. The second most sold catch up
in Germany after regular Ketchup is Career ketch Up, with HeLa,
the leading brand with a more marked shared than the
American Juggernaut. Hines, so eating Ketchup in Germany often comes
with curry powder, and while I keep a bottle of
(09:10):
ketchup around my kitchen. I really can't stand curry in
my ketchup since I started cooking meals and exploring flavor
for myself. Keep up the great podcasting. I hope I
can catch up with your podcast soon. With spiced greetings, Christian,
Well this is great. I now I really want to
try some German ketchup. I feel like a lot of
German cuisine since it is kind of unavailable to me
(09:32):
now because it is traditional German cuisine. German. Please correct
me if I'm wrong, but yeah, I try to go
to a German restaurant in New Orleans very recently, and
I just looked at the menu and I'm like, Okay,
there's like nothing I can eat here. Um, Like you
can get some good potato salad, or it is bacon
in it? Oh really didn't or it usually does. I
(09:53):
mean maybe they're I guess they're probably variations of German
potato salad that don't have meat in them, but my
understanding is that it usually does. Um. And so like
the only two things on the menu of an otherwise
great looking German restaurant, the two things that were vegetarian,
we're not particularly German. Uh, so what was the point
of going right? I don't know. I'm sorry, man, but
(10:14):
I would I am happy to be corrected by anyone else.
Here has recommendations on German restaurants in the continental United
States that can appease my my dietary constraints or likewise,
just an information about what what what is it like
to uh to eat traditional German fair and be a vegetarian? Yeah,
(10:35):
I don't know. Well, I look forward for the recipes
coming in. Yeah. Uh, Robert, do you mind if I
jump on with this next one about chop because I
was already practicing some of these words. Please do this one.
What's long? It's not too long, but it's yeah, it's
about where I'm still going to get some of them wrong,
I know, all right, So this was also about the
ketchup episode. Is from a listener who did not want
(10:55):
us to share her name allowed, so I if I
name her, I'm just gonna call her chop for ketchup. Uh.
This message seems to be in response to us talking
about how tomatoes used to be known as the apples
of love or love apples like in French, and how
other fruits and tubers and stuff were once named with
some kind of apple plus modifier construction, for example potatoes
(11:18):
in French or palm to tear apples of the earth
and so forth. Uh. And so this was in response
to that our listener chup rights. Hey guys, you were
wondering in the catchup episode about other weird apples. So,
being the multi lingual linguistics geek but not a proper
linguist that I am, I felt inclined to share my knowledge.
First of all, apple or medieval Latin palm um didn't
(11:41):
only mean apple, but food or crop in general. That's interesting. Uh.
This is why various settlers called plants they found in
other parts of the world some kind of apple. The
origins aren't always linguistically clear, since the English, French, Spanish,
and Dutch all ventured all over the world and often
found similar their plants independently in very different places, since
(12:03):
they weren't the first people to travel and conquer all
over the place and spread crops all over the place.
Here are some examples. Pomegranate means seeded apple. The name
is of French and medieval Latin origin. Extra fact, the
apple that Adam and Eve share in Biblical tradition was
probably originally thought to be a pomegranate, since that was
a fruit well known but still considered a delicacy in
(12:25):
the lavant region. Of course, paradise isn't limited in any way,
and all fruits can grow there. But this is essentially
about stories and culture. I know it's in the original text.
It is not specified to be an apple, like the
fruit we call an apple. It's just like it's a fruit,
and we don't necessarily know what fruit it was supposed
to be, so there's a debate about what fruit it
was in the garden of Eden. I was like thinking
(12:47):
of it as a banana, just because it's it's more
funny that way. I think I've heard somebody propose it
was a lemon. I like that delicious. Uh. This listener
continues in Greek, then Latin and German, English, French, et
cetera translations, the pomegranate became an apple, and so it
was depicted in Eurocentric art. Oranges are called apple sign
(13:08):
or apple sign in German and Dutch, which means Chinese apple. Uh.
Peaches were originally called Persian apples. They're called parask and
Dutch and the country as Persia, making it even clearer
where the fruit was first discovered by Europeans, even though
it originated somewhere in central to East Asia. Like oranges,
potatoes are called the earth apple and Dutch art apple,
(13:31):
and in some German speaking regions aired app ful. Uh.
Pineapples are a little more convoluted. They're called this because
they reminded the Spanish explorers of pine cones with overall
shape and scales. Wild pineapples are also about the same
size as pine cones. Now in Dutch they say dnan
apple for fur cone, but that's basically the same thing. However,
(13:53):
pineapples are called ananas. I guess that's in Dutch. Uh.
Quince's kintzes. I've never actually um. I guess I was
saying quinces. I don't know if I was saying correctly. Okay,
Quinces are called Sidonian apples or variants of that. They
spread from West Asia through the Mesopotamian Empire to Greece,
(14:13):
where they entered European culture, and Sidonia was a city
on crete. Maybe it was also a quince that Adam
and Eve supposedly eight uh. And she says that's all
I can think of, but also a few other things.
Peppers are some etymo logic variant of pepper in most languages,
as far as I know, she says, and then she
also has some comments about curry worst as curry works.
(14:36):
Curry Worst is usually vealed or fine pork sausage, and
it's common street food sold on markets, permanent sausage stands
and carnivals, mainly in Berlin and the Rugabyte, both regions
claimed to be the origin. In Germany, we only have
McDonald's Burger King in some KFC in recent years as
fast food chains. Instead, there are these hole in the
(14:57):
wall kiosk style places that sell all kinds of sausages.
Curry ketchup can be bought anywhere, and it's very good
with fries. Oh yeah, but you probably know this. Fries
originated in Belgium, and Belgiums are very proud of them.
Always happy about the foodie episodes. Thanks for the hard work,
detailed research and quality entertainment. Have a great week. I
I do want to come in real quick since we're
(15:18):
talking more about about German food. UM, I do not
mean to imply that I think Germany is a monolith
and that everyone in Germany just eat sausages, sausages and
where's the later hosing or whatever. Obviously they're multiple different
cultural cultures are represented in Germany, and not everyone is
Certainly not everyone is eating traditional German cuisine, especially as
(15:42):
it is recognized generally and by American audiences that are
going to German restaurants. But so my question is more specifically,
what would modern day meat uh seek out to eat
in order to scratch the same itch that meat head
the German American restaurants offered when I was a kid. Well,
(16:04):
you know what I would say, Actually, perhaps my favorite
thing in German cuisine is not a meat. It is
completely vegetarian. It's their pickles. I love wonderful that this
is true. I do still eat sauer kraut, and I
do frequently have sauer kraud on um, like the veggie
dogs and whatnot. So, I mean, maybe I'm already practicing
the answer, but I but I want, I want more
(16:25):
answers than that. All right, you've got your assignment, folks,
right in with vegetarian German food for Robert. I should
just say, by the way, that we heard from a
lot of like European listeners about the Ketchup episode I
don't know why that is. Maybe it's a coincidence. But
like multiple listeners from like Austria and Germany about ketchup,
I don't know what's going on there. That's great, im
(16:45):
I want more of it. All right, here's another one.
This one comes to us from David and uh here
he goes, Hello guys, another great episode. As an Australian listener,
I just wanted to share some differences in the way
we refer to the food items and sauces mentioned. First
of all, Australians up until fairly recently did not have
a product in the supermarket that was called ketchup. What
(17:08):
you would call ketchup, we simply called tomato sauce. For
an Australian ketchup is thought of as a thicker sauce.
I believe this maybe because Hines sells both a thinner
tomato sauce and a thicker ketchup. It is also quite
interesting that Hines is so associated with the red sauce
in the US. In Australia, Beans means hinds quote unquote
(17:29):
is a big advertising campaign. Always makes me think of
that album by The Who That's got the Hines Big
Beans on it um. David continues, they are the baked
beans company to most of us, and this ketchup thing
is only probably a thing in the last five to
ten years, maybe a little longer. I would imagine that
the numbers you used for worldwide sales includes our tomato
(17:52):
sauce as ketchup on our condiment and sauce profile. We
are not big on the mustard. On any family table
a restaurants, you are more likely to see tomato sauce
and barbecue sauce as the two main sauces. Strange, we
have hot dogs with the Frankfurt, but Australians are more
likely to have a sausage sandwich that has a clear
(18:14):
skin sausage that is cooked on the barbecue in a
single piece of white bread with or without cooked onions,
and the sauces are either tomato or barbecue barbecue sauce everywhere. Yeah,
it sounds like no buns for its bread instead of bunk, right,
like a white bread with the with the grilled items.
I mean that that's sort of a thing in American
southern barbecue tradition. To David continues, Australians call French fries chips.
(18:39):
It is a strange thing that we have two products
that are referred to as chips. They are the fried
potato and the thinly cut cold product that you call chips,
and the English called crisps. The way we differentiate is
to say hot chips, but that is only when we
think it will cause confusion. So that's interesting. They kind
of took chips. It's like the chip, the aprickin chips
(19:00):
and the British ships. Uh and and they just use both. Yeah,
very economical hot ships. David finishes up here and says, anyway,
just thought that I would share this because throughout the
episode I was continually having to translate in my own
mind as you were using these terms. I don't know why.
I am always very interested to hear what other people
call food items and how they talk about them in
(19:21):
different cultures. Oh yeah, I mean it's it's a wonderful
way to to share and share alike with another culture.
It's like talking about what does a you know, what
does a chicken say in your language? What do you
call this food item that you inevitably have over there
as well? And if you don't have it, well, then
that's something we can relate about as well. What do
you have instead? Uh? Yeah, the kitchen table is that
(19:43):
the dining table in general, that's the place where where
pieces made between otherwise differing people. Right, all right, it's
time to take a quick break, but we'll be right
back with more. Okay, So we are back next for
moving on to respond says we got to our series
about the invention of air conditioning. I would say this
(20:03):
one got probably the most feedback of any episode we've done.
There was a huge amount of email about air conditioning. Uh,
there is no way we'll have a chance to read
it all. We can do our best to give a
decent sampling here. So first I wanted to start off
with a message from Adam. This one was a correction
about something we said in the air conditioning episode. So
(20:25):
we were pointing out that a regular fan does not
actually cool the air in the room. In fact, a
fan might slightly increase the temperature of the air in
the room, and instead a fan, we were saying, cools
the body by causing air to move rapidly over your skin,
which cools you by speeding up the evaporation of water
from your skin. Uh. And that, of course is true.
(20:47):
But here's Adam giving a fuller and clearer picture on
the issue. So Adam says, Hey, Robert and Joe, I've
written into stuff to blow your mind a few times recently,
but this is my first time writing into invention. I'm
a mechanical engineering student who did very well in my
heat transfer class, and I spotted an incorrect statement in
your air conditioning episode. Knowing how much you love corrections,
(21:08):
I thought I would provide this one. Hopefully it is
not too dry. While evaporative cooling is certainly a factor
in fan cooling, it's only part of the effect. The
rest is the result of different modes of heat transfer.
To start, heat is transferred from the skin to the
air through conduction. In non moving air, the air that
(21:29):
has just been heated forms a graduated layer around the body,
which insulates you and makes you feel warmer. This air
becomes buoyant and rises in accordance with the Chimney effect.
The warm air is thus gradually replaced with cool air,
and the cycle continues. This is known as natural convection.
In moving air, the warm layer of air around your
(21:50):
skin is wicked away by the flow of air around you,
reducing the size and effectiveness of the insulating hot air boundary.
This is known as forced convection the heat transfer coefficient,
and therefore the heat transfer rate of force convection is
greater than that of natural convection, which in this case
means that moving air will draw more heat away and
cool you better, regardless of whether or not you're sweating.
(22:13):
The reason why the temperature reading of Joe's thermometer did
not change when air was blown on it before being
wrapped in a wet towel is because the thermometer was
already the same temperature as the air, and therefore there
was no heat transfer with the air regardless of flow speed. However,
for warm blooded creatures like us, we are almost always
experiencing heat transfer. Some interesting results of this concept are
(22:38):
cold blooded animals are not effectively cooled by fans unless
they have recently been basking. A side note, radiation is
the third form of heat transfer, along with conduction and convection.
There's a high theoretical temperature where moving air will actually
heat you up faster than stagnant air. Uh And of
course you can imagine that by just upping into a
(23:00):
convection of it, right is blowing air on you, But
it's certainly not cooling you off. Right. Also, don't step
into a convection of it. Um, Adam continues. Although, due
to the evaporative effects of sweat that Joe talked about,
this temperature is well above your body temperature. So you
can get a fan blowing on you even if the
air is above nine degrees and it will still cool
(23:22):
you off because of the sweat evaporation. But whatever, This
theoretical temperature is where the blowing of a fan would
actually heat you up instead of cool you down. Adam
calls this the anti fan temperature. Also, Adam says, running
in the same direction and speed as the wind is
an incredibly strange and uncomfortable feeling. Uh I wonder if
(23:44):
I've done that before. As I have, I've certainly experienced
this um on a boat before, where you know you're
going against the wind on say like a hot day,
and if you're going against the wind, yes, it's just
heightened uh wind, you know, and air moving past you,
and it's very cooling and liberating. And then you have
to go back the other way. Um, you you might
(24:06):
find yourself in a more like heated environment. You're like,
what am I doing now? I'm actually like really breaking
a sweat here. Yeah, I hope that this mini heat
transfer lesson was interesting. I wasn't able to continue listening
until I cleared this small air up. Keep up the
great almost entirely factual podcasting best regards, Adam, Well, thank you,
that's our thing, almost entirely factual podcasting. But no, obviously
(24:28):
we uh we we we want to be corrected if
we get anything off on the show. Yeah. So the
main just there that there is something a fan does
to help cool you apart from just helping evaporate sweat,
and it's just moving more air over your skin, which
helps you conduct heat into the air faster. All right,
here's another air conditioning one and this is this one's
(24:48):
really good. I I'm glad we put this one on
the list. Here. This one comes to us from h Ay.
I hope I'm pronouncing your name correctly. Uh. They write
in and say Hi, Robert and Joe. I'm a big
fan of Invention and st have to blow your mind.
I started listening to both of them when Invention started,
but I liked them so much that I've gone back
and listened to a few years worth of stuff to
blow your Mind episodes. I decided to write in after
(25:10):
listening to the air Conditioning part one episode. I grew
up in India, spending a lot of summers in Kerala,
which is a hot in humid state, and have been
living in Austin, Texas for the last four years. Most
of my family in India do not have air conditioning,
although they probably could now, so the episode made me
reflect on living with versus without air conditioning. You mentioned
(25:33):
sleeping on roofs, but I don't think you mentioned the
more obvious solution, sleep on the floor or use thinner mattresses.
Sleeping on the floor is a lot easier than in
a bed in hot weather because the floor will be cooler.
It gets better if you wet the floor and let
it dry a couple of hours before sleeping, or shower
just before bed. Also, a cotton mattress which you can't
(25:55):
sink into as much, and cotton sheets, which are more breathable,
are much better for the heat compared to the kind
of betting which is more common here in the US.
I've resorted to all of these strategies and if all
else fails, sleeping in damp clothes when I had a
tiny dorm room in undergrad in a hot human place
with no A C. Although I have become somewhat spoiled
(26:17):
after coming to the U S, I still find that
I am more comfortable with a higher temperature and a
table fan pointed at my face than a low A
C temperature for sleeping. One thing I haven't been able
to understand is the extent to which sweat bothers people here.
For me, it's just a It's been a normal part
of life, and I actually find it harder to handle
dry heat than some level of humidity. I also find
(26:39):
that my body just feels better due to cooling from evaporation,
while an unnecessarily cold A C just makes me feel
a little ill. One last thing. Initially, when you mentioned
step ponds and wells, I was a little surprised because
I hadn't heard of the term, and I was wondering
how come I did not know about this. From the description,
I realized that I did know about them, but just
(27:01):
hadn't appreciated that there was anything special about them. Thank
you for helping me see them in a new light.
They're fairly common in temples in Kerala, but as these
are usually not very welcoming of tourists. I can see
why they haven't been seen as much. It's also easy
to imagine how the need for space in cities may
result in these being filled or taken over. It's definitely
(27:22):
happened with lakes in Bangalore. Thanks again for awesome podcast, Ashwaria.
What a great message. Yeah, yeah, thanks so much for
sharing this. This reminds me real quick. We'll come back
to this. But another listener sent in some pictures that
he took. A listener named Alan just of some stepwells
in India, and I just wanted to emphasize again how
(27:43):
weirdly beautiful and counterintuitive they look. They look so much
like optical allusions to me, the steps zigzagging down the
walls really somehow seemed to defy the normal rules of perspective,
and I want to understand what's going on with that. Yeah, indeed,
there's some there. These are these pictures who were sent
in were pretty amazing, and there have been some wonderful
of photographs that have been been made over the years
(28:05):
of them. I think we discussed in the show how
they are. You know, for for a while they were
kind of forgotten to a certain extent. And there's been
a you know, sort of a renaissance and and reevaluating them,
reappreciating them and sharing images of them with the world,
which is wonderful because, like you said, they there's nothing
else quite like them, you know. They The best way
(28:26):
I can think of them is it's like an inverted zigarade. Yeah,
but also a sawaria. I really appreciate you sharing all
these sort of like hacks for temperature at night, uh,
like like wetting the floor so that like the evaporative
heat of the water evaporating off the floor actually cools
the floor right before bed. Uh. And I wonder how
hard you have to manage like the timing of that
(28:47):
and stuff, because I assume you wouldn't want to like
lie down while it's still wet, so I don't know. Uh,
this was really interesting. Also the fact the fact that
you've had perspective on it, on it both ways now. Yeah,
So thanks so much. All right. Also about air conditioning,
our listener Tom says, Hey, guys, I was listening to
the podcast and you mentioned movie theaters offering a c
(29:08):
you know, you said if you were in this position,
you would look for the longest movie. However, in the
old days when I was a kid. Even after the thirties,
movies didn't charge you to watch a movie. They charged
an admission. Movies always had short reels and often were
double features. Either way, you routinely walked into a movie
at any time, sat through the end, and then watched
(29:30):
the beginning until you got to the place you already saw.
In fact, you would frequently see people leave saying this
is where we came in. Many times we would sit
and rewatch the movie. I guess, just take advantage of
the air conditioning. Right, Is that the line from the
Pink Floyd song that you and I were talking about? Wait,
what are you talking about? This is where we came in.
Oh yeah, what's the deal with that? With the wall
(29:51):
supposedly like loops somehow? Yeah? So, what a weird coincidence
were speaking about that um off Mike earlier, totally unrelated
to listener mail. It must mean something. Yeah, all right,
here's another one. This one comes to us from David.
First of all, love the podcast, but I'm somewhat new
to the stuff to blow your mind sphere. But I've
(30:11):
been with invention from its inception. I love seeing the
evolution of technologies and how they shaped the world we
know today. I was looking forward to this episode and
he's talking about the air conditioning episode, because in particular,
because I knew you'd be mentioning my hometown of Minneapolis.
I also strongly suspected that you'd be surprised to learn
that we hosted the site of the first residential air
(30:33):
conditioning installation, which indeed we did express surprise at that.
Let me tell you, Minneapolis can get hot in the summer.
We have roughly two to three months out of the
year that i'd call legitimately hot. This doesn't happen too often,
but it's not unheard of us for us to even
see a couple of a hundred and ten plus fahrenheit
days per year. What what many people forget is that
(30:57):
we're positioned fairly centrally on the continent, with Lake Superior
in Michigan the only large bodies of water to regulate
temperature swings that are even close. So we experienced very
cold days for sure, but pretty dang hot ones to
keep out the great work. David, uh Yeah, I'll admit
that my my visions of Minneapolis were largely based on,
(31:19):
first of all, jokes from from people who have lived
there about the cold and having only and having ventured
there only once during the winter for like twenty four hours,
and having to get out on you know, and walking
around and travel at one point point to another, and
so on some level, I just imagine that Minneapolis is
just always really cold, except for maybe like a month
(31:41):
or two in the summer where they experience something called summer,
but surely not as hot as something that we would
have down here. What's the TV show that's set there?
Is Mary Tyler Moore something maybe, so yeah, it always
looks cold. It's kind of the reverse of the the
effect you see with television shows shot in Toronto. Specifically,
(32:01):
I'm thinking of Kim's Convenience, which is a wonderful Canadian show,
and then I think Working Moms is also set there
and filmed there, but I get the impression they only
filmed the show during the summer or in the you know,
warmer months, and so if you were just watching those
two shows, you would think, wellow, Toronto looks amazing. It's
(32:21):
just it's just summer all the time. They have no
no winters there, nor at least nobody on the show
talks about it. So I guess I'm gonna, you know,
book my my trip for for November and see what happens.
Um But likewise, I think that the talking points for
Minneapolis among you know people abroad tend to be about
the cold. Yeah. I think you're right on the money there. Okay,
(32:43):
quick message from our listener, Colin. Colin is referring again
to the thing I talked about in the episode where
you know I held up a thermometer in front of
a desk fan. The temperature didn't change, but then when
I wrapped it in a wet towel, the temperature went
way down, and that was because of the evaporative cooling. Um. So,
Colin says, Hello, I just finished part one of air
(33:03):
Conditioning and wanted to draw your attention that Joe was
obliquely describing a sling psychrometer when he spoke of using
a wet cloth thermometer and desk fan to prove the
cooling properties of evaporation. A sling psychometer is a rudimentary
meteorological device composed of two bulb thermometers connected by a string.
The bulb of one thermometer is wrapped in a wet
(33:26):
cloth and the other is not. The thermometers are then
swung around circularly for several seconds, and then the temperature
of each is recorded. The difference in temperature reading can
then be entered into a table which will provide you
with the relative humidity. The more arid the ambient air is,
the greater the temperature discrepancy will be. Anyway, it's a
(33:47):
it's a term from fourth grade Earth sciences that is
always stuck with me because it's fun to say. Love
the show, cheers Colin. Alright, on that note, we're going
to take one more break, but we'll be right back
with more listener mail. Alright, we're back, so we're gonna
read some more air conditioning listener mail. This one comes
(34:10):
to us from an individual name Christian. I feel, I
guess a different Christian. I'm not a different one. We
don't want to imply that they're like just two listeners
and they just just happens. We just get multiple listeners
at the same Yeah. Yeah, there, and and certainly we
love hearing from from repeat listener mail offenders as well.
But Christian rights in and says, hey, guys, I enjoy
(34:30):
the air Conditioning podcast. As an architect. There are any
number of rants about poorly designed buildings I could break
off into, but I thought it might be more beneficial
to introduce something critical to heating, ventilation air conditioning design.
This tool is the psychrometric chart with the comfort zone
for humans highlighted. Oh yeah, so this would connect to
what we were just talking about, the psychometer detecting like
(34:52):
relative humidity levels. Yeah, the comfort zone illustrates that seventy
degrees in Atlanta with humidity feel is hot, yet eighty
degrees in southern California with fifty percent humidity does not.
The big takeaway humidity control can be more important than
temperature in our comfort. In the South, air our air
conditioners remove moisture from the air while cooling it. When
(35:15):
our buildings have the humidification systems, which operates separately from
the air conditioning systems, we can be more comfortable over
a wider range of temperatures, thus saving energy. Typically houses
aren't constructed that way, but probably should be, especially in
the hot, muggy South. That's really interesting. I've never thought
of that before. That, like you could use less energy
(35:37):
achieving a comfort zone if you take into account temperature
and humidity separately instead of just running in a c
to do both all the time, so you can have
one device stuck in one window and then another one
in the other window, and then you have two devices,
which uh you know this is I do think this
gets to the heart of why you you don't see
this utilized in a home environment. All right, what else
(35:59):
do we have? Joe? Alright? This next message came in
response to our episode on the invention of the hypodermic needle.
H this comes from Dan. Dan says, Hi, Robert and Joe.
I was listening to your most recent listener mail episode
and was surprised that the letters you received about the
hypodermic needle lacked any input from type one diabetics. I
myself have been managing type one diabetes since I was
(36:21):
diagnosed at age three, almost thirty years ago. Before switching
to insulin pump therapy in the mid two thousand's, I
spent about fifteen years getting between five and seven injections
of insulin each and every day, Additionally, every three months
having blood drawn to check long term markers of possible
hyperglycemia related damage. As you might suspect, this served as
(36:43):
exposure therapy to the extreme for myself and any other
diabetics in the pre insulin pump era. As a child,
I had absolutely no trepidation with needles, injections or i
V s. My story takes an unexpected turn, however, when
I was in college and was diagnosed with cancer at
age twenty. I'm happy to say that I've been cancer
free and relatively healthy for ten years now, but the
(37:04):
traumatic experience of the diagnosis and subsequent treatment manifested in
a surprising manner. During my treatment, I had to regularly
undergo CT scans to monitor my disease, which involved an
intravenous injection of contrast DIE. This seemed like no big
deal at the time, as I was well accustomed to
needles and blood draws, but during one of my CT
(37:25):
scan sessions, I became extremely dizzy and nearly fainted during
the insertion of the i V line. Ever since that experience,
I've been very uneasy around needles and often feel lightheaded
during blood draws. Despite my exposure therapy consisting of tens
of thousands of injections during my lifetime, I can only
hypothesize the trauma of my cancer diagnosis and treatment created
(37:46):
an anxious association with needles, but I thought this would
be an interesting story of exposure therapy early in life
that was surprisingly counteracted by later events. Thanks again for
putting together such consistently intelligent and insightful episodes of invention
and stuff to blow your mind. I am a cell
biologist working in cancer research, and having well researched and
stimulating podcast to listen to both helps me get through
(38:08):
some of the mundane and repetitive tasks required to my
scientific research and continually expands my perspective. Best Dan, very interesting.
Thanks for sharing that with us. Stan, Yeah, totally and
h best of luck in your research. Al Right, here's
one message in response to the episode we did about
the Turnspit Dog. This comes from someone who identified themselves
(38:29):
as gamer checks. We don't choose their names. I think
that's their their their God given name. Okay, gam er checks.
Gam er check says, love the show. I was listening
to your episode on the Turnspit Dog and you talked
about the dog being domesticated twelve thousand years ago and
brought up how we domesticated the cat later on. This
is actually not the case. Cats are the only close
(38:50):
companion who domesticated themselves. God will love the stubborn little chunks. Anyway,
in the future, I'd love to see a themed episode
on the invention of domestication itself. Thanks gam er checks. Yes,
this is a good point and one that I think
we have we have discussed on past episodes of Stuff
to Blow Your Mind our other podcast. But yes, there
is the argument that that the cat essentially brokered its
(39:14):
own domestication. The cat wanders up and it's like, hey,
so you gotta you've got a problem with some rats there.
It looks like you've got some some extra food around. Uh,
creature like me could really earn its keep around here.
And we said, oh, sure, let's let's do that. And
what do you want to return the cats? Like, I
just want enough to you know, to wet my beak,
and then the cat wants to, uh, you know, live
(39:35):
inside your house and on you, and uh and so
forth and and yeah, so and certainly anyone who has
who has lived with the cat knows that the cat
is there on its seems to be there on its
own terms for the most part, carrying out nightly missions
for the neighborhood. Which, yes, but I I could see
us doing an episode on domestication in the future. I mean,
(39:55):
it is it is a human technology, though it also
is it's not entirely a human technology. There are examples
in the natural world of creatures that have domesticated something,
and that would be fun to talk about as well. Sure, yeah,
like insect agriculture. Uh yeah, absolutely, yeah. And then also
some of the stories of domestication are just so impressive.
(40:16):
Um really, I mean there are specific examples that would
that really should be their own episode, like silk. So
I've thought about doing this before. Yeah, well, heck, let's
do Silk in the new year. Okay, Okay, So I
think due to time constraints, we're gonna have to call
it there for the first of our year end wrap
up episodes of Invention Listener Mail, but we'll be back
(40:37):
with more next time. That's right, We're gonna close out
the year with another episode of Invention Listener Mail, and
then we'll be back with new episodes of Invention in
the new year. But really, the years almost overstop learning, Really,
we don't need to keep going to see. There's a
lot to learn from these messages. There is. There is
a lot for us to learn specifically, and and we
(40:57):
do love hearing from everyone. We don't have time to
bond everyone, and we don't have time to read every
listener mail that we receive on the show, but I
do know that we are reading, and so we just
invite you to continue to send in your questions, tidbits
from from your life, from your environment. We'd love to
hear all of it. In the meantime, if you want
(41:17):
more episodes of Invention, it's pretty easy to find us.
Were on all those podcast websites. Wherever you get a
podcast where you wherever you even hear a whisper of podcasts,
we are there. Uh. You can go to invention pod
dot com and that will redirect you to a page
that has our podcast. Wherever you go, though, just make
sure you subscribe, that you rate, that you review. These
(41:39):
are the sacred rights that allow us to continue huge
thanks as always to our excellent audio producer Seth Nicholas Johnson.
If you would like to get in touch with us
with feedback on this episode or any other to suggest
topic for the future to perhaps get featured on a
future listener mail episode, you can email us at contact
at invention pod dot com. Yeah. Invention is production of
(42:04):
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